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Framework
SOC401
Research Methodologies
What is a conceptual
Framework
Part I
Conceptual framework
It is the researcher’s own position on the problem and gives direction to the study.
It may be an adaptation of a model used in a previous study, with modifications to
suit the inquiry.
Aside from showing the direction of the study, through the conceptual framework,
the researcher can be able to show the relationships of the different constructs that
he wants to investigate.
Conceptual Framework
Once the conceptual framework has been determined, the next for the
researcher is to determine what research methods to employ to best answer the
research problem through the proposed framework.
Research design depends on the nature of the data to analyzed.
Quantitative data – when your thesis problem requires numerical
measurements of traits, trends, characteristics or attributes of the subject
matter;
• Theory
– Interrelated set of constructs formed into propositions
that specify the relationships among variables
– Describes how and why variables are related
• Forms include
– Set of hypotheses
– Series of if-then statements
– Visual model
The Deductive Approach Used
in Quantitative Research
In the literature Including theories in a literature Difficult for a reader to see the
review review is a logical extension or theory in isolation from the larger
part of the literature literature
After hypotheses or The theory discussion explains May leave out an extended
research questions how and why variables are related discussion about the origin and use
of the theory
In a separate section Clearly separates the theory from The theory discussion is isolated
other components of the research and may not easily connect with
process, enables a reader to other components of the research
better identify and to understand process
the theory base
Theory Use in Qualitative
Research
• Theory may be used as:
• A broad explanation
• A theoretical lens or perspective
• Feminist perspective
• Racialized discourse
• Critical theory
• Queer theory
• Disability inquiry
• An endpoint, a theory that is generated
• Quantitative hypotheses:
• Predictions that the researcher makes about the expected relationships among
variables
• Predictions about the population values that the researcher will estimate based
on data from a sample
• Quantitative objectives:
• Indicate a study's goals
• Used frequently in proposals for funding
Writing Quantitative Research
Questions and Hypotheses
• Write questions or hypotheses, not both
• Consider 3 approaches to the variables for a question or
hypothesis:
• Compare groups
• Relate variables
• Describe responses