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DTFS
Discrete Time Fourier Series
A signal x(n) is periodic with period N
x(n) = x(n+N) for all n, ………………………………………….1
This equation satisfy the fundamental period for small positive integer value
of N and fundamental frequency =2 /
Discrete time complex exponential are periodic with period N is
∅ = = k=0, ±1, ± 2, ± 3 ……………………….2

∅0 =∅ or ∅ =∅
Linear combination of harmonically related periodic sequences is
=∑ ck =∑ ck (Synthesis equation)
ck = ∑ = ∑ [ ]
(Analysis Equation / Spectral coefficient of x[n])

DTFS

Properties of Discrete Time Fourier Series

The Fourier series coefficient of x(n) are denoted by ak with notation
FS
x(n) ak
and the Fourier series coefficient of y(t) are denoted by bk with notation
FS
y(n) bk
Linearity: If x(n) and y(n) have the same period N, then
z(n) = Ax(n) +By(n) ck = Aak +Bbk

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DTFS
Time Shifting: When time shifting is applied to a periodic signal x(n), the
period N of the signal is preserved. The Fourier series coefficients bk of the
resulting signal y(n) = x(n- no) may be expressed
/
bk = ∑ / x(n−no)

x(n-no) FS ak ( / )

Time Reversal: let y(n) = x(-n)

x(-n)= ∑ ak
Substituting k=-m x(-n)= ∑ a−m
x(-n) FS a-k

DTFS
Time Scaling: x(n) is periodic with N and fundamental frequency , then
x(n/m), where is multiple of m, is periodic with period mN and
fundamental frequency 0/m.
x( / ) = ∑ ak /

hk = 1/m ak

Multiplication: If x(n) and y(n) are periodic with the same period N, then
their product is also periodic with period N

x(n) FS ak
y(n) FS bk
Since product x(t) y(t) is periodic with period N
/
x(n) y(n) FS hk = ∑ / albk-l

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DTFS
Conjugate & Conjugate symmetry: x(n) is periodic with period N. the
conjugate is
x(n) FS ak
x*(n) FS a*-k
if x(n) is real x(n) = x*(n) then a-k = a*k
X(n) is real and even a-k = ak hence ak = a*k
X(n) is real and even coefficients ak are purely real and even
X(n) is real and odd coefficients ak are purely imaginary and odd

Parseval’s Relation for CT periodic signals: Total average power in one

period of periodic signal x(n) equals the sum of average powers in all of its
harmonic component.
/ /
∑ / [ ] =∑ / ak
ak - Average power in kth harmonic component of x[n].

DTFS
First Difference: x(n) is periodic with period N.
x(n) FS ak
( )
x(n) - x(n-1) FS (1 - )ak = (1 − )ak