-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 5 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2014
Srinu, Khammam.
éÀçü¿öÀ ¢√®Ωç éπ∞«-é¬-®Ω’© v°æü¿-®Ωz† ûª®√yûª ¢√JE
°æJ-îªßª’ç îËߪ’-úøç™ Anchor §ƒvûª ᙫ
Öçô’çüÓ éÌçûª ´®Ωèπ◊ îª÷¨»ç. ´’†ç É°æ¤púø’
NØÓü¿ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷© anchoring í∫’Jç*
´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç éπüΔ.. Anchor áçûª
Öû√q£æ«ç Í®ÈéAh-≤ƒh®Ó vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©÷ Åçûª
£æ›≥ƒ-®Ω’í¬ Öçö«®Ω’. äéπ-¢Ë∞¡ v°æü¿-®Ωz† Åçûª ÆæJí¬
™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√, anchor Ææ´’-ߪ’-Ææ÷p¥Jh ¢√uêu©
(comments) ûÓ vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊-©†’ Öû√q-£æ«-°æ-®Ω-îª-´îª’a.
A nchoring ™ î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç,
´·êuçí¬ NØÓü¿ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷-™„jûË, anchor vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊-
©†’ Öû√q£æ«°æ®Ωîªúøç î√™« ´·êuç. äéπ v°æü¿-®Ωz†
ûª®√yûª Ç v°æü¿-®Ωz-†™ §ƒ™Ô_†o ¢√∞¡x†’ cheers üΔy®√
vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’ ¢Á’aéÌØË™« îËߪ’úøç anchor îËߪ÷-Lq†
°æE.
Suppose there is a time gap between one
item and the next one. It is the responsibility
of the anchor to see that the audiences do not
become restless. Engage them with some
jokes, or songs by singers from among the
audiences.
Another responsibility is to ensure that
the participants in the next item get ready by
the time the item going on on the stage ends.
Suppose a play has to be staged. It usu-
ally takes sometime to arrange the settings.
It is in this interval that the anchor should
keep the audience engaged. Invite some
from among the audience to share jokes/
humourous stories with the audience.
These are all the responsibilities of the
anchor/ compere/ master of ceremonies.
Sofiya, Janagaon.
Q: The police ran along/ ran after the thief
- Which is correct?
A: The police ran after the thief - Correct.
Q: I have been observing you that you have
looking at the book - Can present perfect
tense be used in the above manner?
A: I have been observing that you have been
looking at the book - Correct.
Q: She is no more? - Is the question mark
necessary to be kept here?
A: In ordinary conversation, it is OK to say,
'She is no more?'. If it is said as a ques-
tion, the question mark is important.
Without the question mark it will be a
statement.
Q: Apart from doing M.A. I am doing/ pros-
ecuting MBA. - Are the above right?
A: Apart from doing MA, I am doing (pros-
ecuting - Correct, but bookish) MBA too/
as well.
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Q: He was materialised - Please say in Telugu.
A: He was materialized - no meaning. He materialized = He appeared
suddenly and in a way nobody can understand. (Ö†o-ô’dçúÕ éπE-°œç-
îªúøç/ v°æûªu-éπ~-´’-´úøç)
Q: Command/ order - Please say the difference.
A: Command = Çïc = Order. Å®·ûË 'order' èπ◊ Éûª®Ω
The police ran after...
Nivedita, Balasamudram.
Q: The school building is located in Brodipeta
in Vijayawada/ The school building is situ-
ated in Brodipeta in Vijayawada. - Let me
know the meanings of the above under-
lined words.
A: Located = situated.
Q: He is negating = Çߪ’† é¬ü¿’ ÅE Åçô’-Ø√oúø’
- Can this translation be correct?
A: Correct.
Q: 'Respected' - Is this word used? As a lot of
members use the above word when they
give a speech/ speech for eg: Respected
Principal/ Principal sir.
A: Respected before a name/ a person's desig-
nation (Respected principal, etc.) is OK,
but Respected Sir, is not proper.
Principal Sir = Respected Principal. But in
British/ American English, Mr. Principal/
Madam Principal is OK.
Respected Principal sir - Not correct.
Q: Visual/ Visualize, historical building/ mon-
ument. - Let me know the meanings in
Telugu.
★ Is Taj Mahal called a historical building or
monument?
A: Visual = connected with what we can see =
îª÷úø-ö«-EéÀ/ ü¿%≠œdéÀ Ææç•ç-Cμç-*†.
★ The dance was a visual feast = Ç †%ûªuç éπ†’-
©-Nçü¿’.
Visualise = imagine a picture/ form a picture
of something in our mind (ü¿%¨»uEo ´’†
Prosecuting MBA..?
Deepak,
Gopalapatnam.
Q: Why aren't the first letters of
the words: history, geography,
physics, chemistry, biology,
maths, civics, economics, capi-
talised? - Aren't they proper
nouns? Similarly moon, sun
M. SURESAN
and earth, world and star -
Please let's know.
A: How are they proper nouns? They are
words for different subjects and not names
like Deepak, Sekhar, etc. Same is the case
with the moon, the sun and the earth.
Q: Ç bag zip BÆœ Ñ °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ Åçü¿’™ °ôdçúÕ
(Zip down the bag and put these books) -
Can this one be correct?
A: Open/ Zip open the bag and put the books
in (it).
Zip down the bag = Close the bag.
Å®√n©’ î√™« ÖØ√o®·.
805
´’†Ææ’ûÓ îª÷úøôç/ Ü£œ«ç--éÓ-´úøç.
★ Historical building = a building having
importance in history
(îªJ-vûª™ v§ƒ´·êuç
Ö†o éπôdúøç.)
Monument = A building, statue etc. built to
remind people of a famous person/ event
(äéπ v°æ´·ê ´uéÀh/ v°æ´·ê Ææç°∂æ’-ô-††’ v°æï©’
í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπöÀd† E®√tùç/ Nví∫£æ«ç, etc.)
Historical building Monument
Red fort Taj Mahal
★ All historical buildings are monuments
but all monuments may not be historical
buildings.
★ The Red fort/ Agra fort is a historical
building, but the Taj Mahal is a monu-
ment.
Q: The more he learns the more
humble he is/ humble - -à-C éπÈ®é˙d?
A: The more he learns, the humbler
he becomes.
Q: The total number of boys are/ is
present - Which is right?
A: All the boys are present.
We don't say, 'the total number of
boys is/ are present'. We say, of
course, the number of boys present is 35, 40 etc.
Q: He grew / became repentant - -D-EéÀ -Å®Ωnç?
A: Both are correct, but, 'he grew repentant', is
better.
Q: Would you mind my asking about you? /
my asking of you?
A: '........ about you,' is correct.
Q: Of all creation 'man' alone is gifted with
reason - Is this correct? Let me know the
meaning please.
A: In the whole creation, man (the human
being - better, because woman also should
be included) alone is gifted with reason -
Correct.
Meaning of sentence: Ææ%≠œd ¢Á·ûªhç™ ´÷†´¤EéÀ
´÷vûª¢Ë’ Ç™-*ç-îª-í∫© ¨¡éÀh ´®Ωçí¬ É´y-•-úÕçC.
(Åçõ‰ ´÷†-´¤-©èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Ç™-îªØ√ ¨¡éÀh Öçü¿E.)
'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ..
www.eenadupratibha.net
2
Usha Kiran, Machilipatnam.
Q: Once there was living a good king ruling
Simhapuri. All the people of the town
were satisfied with the ruling of the king.
The king didn't have any proudness.
Whenever the people came to his court
with problems, he used to listen to them
patiently and solved their problems
wisely. He didn't do injustice to anyone.
One day some people went to the king
and brought the problem to his notice - Is
this story correct? If there are any mis-
takes please correct them.
A: Almost correct - Except the following
sentences- Once there was living a good
king.... All the people of the kingdom
were happy with (satisfied with - not
wrong, but happy with - better).
Whenever people came... he listened to
used to them patiently and attended to
them. (NOT solve them). One day some
people went to the king and brought their
problem to his notice.
Q: What is the difference between a lot and
lots?
A: A lot = lots.
★★★
M. Suresh Babu, Nirmal.
Q: In a lesson you have written the
following:
Bhavan asked Mohan which of the two
was that weekend (IDS). Can't we write
the above as follows:
Bhavan asked Mohan which of the two
that weekend was? And also in the above
sentence you haven't put the question mark
at the end of the sentence - Please clarify.
A: ....... which of the two was that weekend
= .... which of the two that weekend was.
As either of the above is not a question,
we don't add a question mark in the end.
In indirect speech there are no questions.
Q: Sir, let me know the pronunciation given
in bracket is correct or not.
Director (úÕ/ úÁjÈ®-éπd®˝).
A: Director - Correct.
★★★
Vishal, Ongole.
Q: -O’®Ω’ -O’ °œ-©x-©-†’ -•-úÕ-™  -îË-Jpç-î √®√?
A: Have you put your children in school?
Q: If they are going there, they will feel
happy/ If they were going there, they
would feel happy - Are these two sen-
tences correct?
A: a) If they go there they will feel happy,
and
b) If they went there, they would feel
happy - Correct.
Q: What are they doing to him - Is this cor-
rect? I have heard the above sentence in
a movie - Please clarify.
A: Correct.
Q: The hero fights with the vilans/ fights the
vilan.
A: ........... villains (not vilans) - both are
correct.
Mail your comments to
pratibhadesk@eenadu.net
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 12 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2014
806
Peraiah Sastry, Girnibavi.
Q: Erase, rub - Please say the difference.
A: Erase = Remove/ wipe off something
completely (without any trace) ûª’úÕ-îË-ߪ’úøç,
à dž-¢√©÷ N’í∫-©-èπ◊çú≈.
✪ It is impossible to erase from our memory
the injustices of the British rule. (vGöÀ≠ˇ
§ƒ©†-™ -ï-J-T-† ÅØ√u-ߪ÷-©†’ ´’† ñ«c°æ-鬩 †’ç*
ûª’úÕ-îË-ߪ’úøç Å≤ƒüμ¿uç.)
Rub = Move something with some force on a
surface - üËE-O’-üÁjØ√ îË®·-™«ç-öÀC ÅC-N’-°öÀd
®√ߪ’ôç.
✪ He rubbed the table with sand paper = Table
†’ sand paper (Shine paper Åçô’ç-ö«®Ω’
carpenters) ûÓ ®√ߪ’ôç.
Rub ointment = ointment ®√ߪ’ôç
Q: Finally - °∂jØ˛M, practically - v§ƒéÀdéÃx, usually
- ߪ‚@x/ ߪ‚ñ¸-ÅL; completed - éπç°‘x-öÀú˛–
Are the above pronunciations right? É™«
'ted' ûÓ end ÅßË’u °æüΔ-©†’ öÀú˛ ÅØË îªü¿-¢√™«?
Houses/ hauziz/ É™« "ses" ûÓ end ÅßË’u °æüΔ-
©†’ ''>Æˇ—— ÅØË îªü¿-¢√™«? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
A: Finally = faIn li = °∂j†L.
Usually - Ju: u li = ߪ‚V (measure ™
su ™«)ÅL. Practically - v§ƒéÀdéÀx – Correct.
´’Sx completed - Id - English ™ I ûÁ©’-í∫’™
'É— °æ‹Jhí¬ é¬ü¿’. éÌClí¬ 'Ö— éπ©’-Ææ’hçC.
Å™«Íí hau I - ™ I, °æ‹Jhí¬ É é¬ü¿’. íÌçûª’
†’ç* ´îËa 'É— ¨¡•lç é¬ü¿’. é¬Ææh °j†’ç* ´Ææ’hçC.
éÀçü¿öÀ ¢√®Ωç ´®Ωèπÿ Anchor ¶«üμ¿u-ûª©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç, Anchor à v°æü¿-®Ωz-†-ØÁjØ√ áçûª
Ææ®ΩüΔí¬ ÖçúËô’x îËߪ’-í∫-©®Ó îª÷¨»ç éπüΔ? ¢Á·ûªhç v°æü¿-®Ωz-††’ E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îªúøç áçûª ´·êu¢Á÷
´·Tç-îªúøç èπÿú≈ ÅçûË ´·êuç. ´·Tç°æ¤ èπÿú≈ îªéπ\öÀ finish ÖçúË™« îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L.
-ü¿®Ωz-†-™ last item ´îËa-´·çü¿’ now we are
-v°æ
going to conclude/ end our evening's pro-
gramme with a grand performance of a
magic show (for example) by ...... (Ç v°æü¿-®Ωz†
îËߪ’-¶ßË’ ¢√J Ê°®Ω’ îÁ•’û√ç), Ç ûª®√yûª ¢√J
íÌ°æp-ûª†ç, ≤ƒCμç-*† Nï-ߪ÷©÷ îÁ°œp, ¢√JE ¢ËCéπ
O’CéÀ °œ©’≤ƒhç.
á°æ¤púø÷ ¶«í¬ ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†/ Öû√q£æ«ç éπL-TçîË
v°æü¿-®Ωz† *´-®Ωèπ◊ °ô’d-èπ◊çõ‰ vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’ üΔE-éÓÆæç
*´J ´®Ωèπ◊ ¢Ë* Öçö«®Ω’. üΔEéÀ O’®Ω’ Ñ éÀçC
°æüΔ©’ ¢√úø-´îª’a:
The highlight of the evening's pro-
gramme/ the chief attraction of the evening's
programme/ the item/ show you've (you
have) all been waiting for all along/ a fitting
finale (°∂œØ√L) (= the last part of an exciting
performance) to the evening's programme/
You are now going to watch something very
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Q: Masculine/ m skj lIn/- ´÷uÆæ’\-Å-LØ˛ – Is this pronounced as the
above? Should we pronounce as same as it is transcribed in pho-
netic manner? Åçõ‰ Phonetic í¬ á™« ®√Æœ Öçõ‰ Å™«Íí- îª-ü¿-¢√-™«?
A: It is pronounced as above, but is not Telugu Å. It is a sound we
make not by using our throat (not glottal) but above the vocal
cords.
Reading, Studying -´’-üμ¿u -ûË-ú≈?
G. Subrahmanyam,
Vizianagaram.
Q: Sir, minimum éπÈ®é¬d? mini-
mal éπÈ®é¬d? È®çúø÷ é¬èπ◊çú≈, à
ņ’-´÷†ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ least ÅE
¢√úÕûË ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çüΔ? - Please
clarify.
M. SURESAN
A: Minimum - éπFÆæç – This is a
noun as well as an adjective.
Minimum = The smallest amount/ quantity/
number possible - Åûªuçûª Ææy©pç.
1) Use as a noun: Rs.100/- is the minimum/ A
minimum of Rs.100/- is the amount I want
you to pay - ؈’ †’´¤y éπFÆæç ®Ω÷.100/-
Å®·Ø√ îÁLxç-î√-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.
2) As an adjective: A degree in science is the
minimum qualification for the job = Ç ÖüÓu-
í¬-EéÀ éπFÆæ Å®Ω|ûª úÕvU.
Minimal - Adjective = Very small in size/
amount - the smallest possible - ≤ƒüμ¿u-¢Á’i-†çûª
ûªèπ◊\-´.
✪ I want this to be done at the minimal cost =
ÉC ؈’ O™„j-†çûª ûªèπ◊\´ ê®Ω’aûÓ Å¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-
ô’Ø√o.
✪ I want you to arrest him but with the mini-
mal publicity = †’´¤y ÅûªEo Åü¿’-°æ¤-™ éÀ BÆæ’éÓ– right and correct form to say the tables.
é¬F ÅA ûªèπ◊\´ v°æî√-®ΩçûÓ.
Modern usage ™ È®çöÀéà Åçûª ûËú≈ éπE-°œç-
îªúøç ™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË O’®Ω-†oô’d least èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
Q: Write the words reading/ reading them out
= ®√Ææ÷h (°æüΔ©’) îªü¿-´çúÕ – îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊çô÷
®√ߪ’çúÕ. -Ñ -Å-†’-¢√--ü¿ç éπ®ΩÍéd-Ø√?
A: Correct.
memorable, etc - Here's (for example) the
magic show by the ace/ internationally
known/ the wizard Sri Mukund and his
troupe. Let me stand no longer between you
and the show.
Ç v°æü¿-®Ωz† Å®·† ûª®√yûª that was marvel-
lous/ fantastic/ mind-blowing, wasn't it?
That brings us to the end/ close of this
grand show. Thank you audience, for your
encouragement/ patronage.
That's all for this evening. I am sure you
all enjoyed it.
≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ Ö°æ-Ø√u-≤ƒ-™„j† ûª®√yûª vote of
thanks, Ç ûª®√yûª NØÓü¿ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷©÷ Öçö«®·.
NØÓü¿ 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç ´·T-ߪ’-í¬ØË National anthem
(ñ«Bߪ’ Uûªç) Öçô’çC. üΔEéÀ ´·çü¿’ Anchor
É™« ´·Tç-îª-´îª’a.
Let's all stand up now and sing our
national anthem in chorus (Åçü¿®Ω÷ éπLÆœ
§ƒúÕûË)/ ñ«Bߪ’ Uûªç CD ™ NE-°œÊÆh, Let us all
stand up as the national anthem is played,
and after that, we disperse. This is ....
(Anchor Ê°®Ω’) bidding you farewell and
wishing you good night.
Suresh, Mancherial.
Q: They have been watching T.V. dur-
ing three hours/ They have been
watching T.V. in the past three
hours - ¢√∞¡Ÿx í∫ûª ´‚úø’ í∫çô© †’ç*
Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’ T.V. (not continuously)
îª÷Ææ÷hØË ÖØ√o®Ω’ – Do both the above
sentences give the same meaning?
Is the translation of both sentences
correctly written?
A: They have been watching the TV off and
on during the past three hours.
Q: It is located in Mancherial/ It is situated in
Mancherial - Let me know the difference.
A: Answered earlier. Located = situated.
- Kumar, Madanapalle.
Q: In our village there are 2 English medium
schools. In those schools, Maths teachers
are saying the students tables, as Two One
is Two and Two Ten is Twenty. I feel that it
is not the right form. As per my opinion it
is Two Ones are Two and Two Tens are
Twenty.
Please kindly let me know which is the
A: The correct form is, one one is one, one
two is two, etc. But from the 2nd multipli-
cation table it is:
Two ones are two, two twos are four, .....
eight sixes are forty eight, etc.
The point is obvious, isn't it? Two ones,
two twos - Plural.
s -†’ á°æ¤púø’ z ™« °æ-©’èπ◊-û√ç?
- B. Vivek, Korukonda.
Q: Sir, Ø√èπ◊ English pronunciation èπ◊ Ææç•ç-
Cμç* éÌEo doubts ÖØ√o®·. S - Ææ, ï; G - ï,
í∫; OöÀE à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ᙫ pronounce
îËߪ÷L? à vowels ´·çü¿’ ´ÊÆh à Nüμ¿çí¬
pronounce îËߪ÷Lq Öçô’çC?
A: ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ (á°æ¤púø÷ é¬ü¿’) vowel sounds
ûª®√yûª ´îËa single 's' †’ 'z' ¨¡•lçûÓ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
Eg: Was, lose, etc. Å®·ûË loose ´÷vûªç ©÷Æˇ.
ûª®√yûª voiced consonants (ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Ææ®Ω-
∞«©’) b, d, g, z (size ™ z ™«) ûª®√yûª ´îËa
s, z ™« °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. (ÉD á°æ¤púø÷ é¬ü¿’). 'r'
ûª®√yûª ´îËa 's' z ™« °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
Labs, roads, bags, walls, rooms, pens -
É´Fo z ™«. äéπ rule ÅE ™‰ü¿’. N†í¬, N†í¬ ûÁ©’-
Ææ’hçC, 's' †’ á°æ¤púø’ z ™«, á°æ¤púø’ 'Ææ— ™« °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
ÅØËC.
Q: éÌEo °æüΔ™x ´®Ω’-Ææí¬ 2, 3, 4 vowels, conso-
nants ´Ææ’hç-ö«®·. ¢√öÀE ᙫ °æ©-é¬L?
Ex: Precious - Please explain completely.
A: -iou †’ á°æ¤púø÷ 'Å—í¬ °æ©-é¬L. Precious -
v°≠æÆˇ, cautious - é¬≠æÆˇ, etc. (á°æ¤púø’ iou - Å;
ion - ÅØ˛. tuition = ô÷u®·≠æØ˛, etc.)
Q: In a spoken English lesson - "I met her first
four years ago" ÅØ√o®Ω’. Period of time èπ◊
'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ....
2
-Veerji, Hanamkonda.
Q: Çߪ’† ´·†’°æöÀ éπçõ‰ É°æ¤púø’ ¶«í¬ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-
Ø√oúø’ – How can we say this in English?
(He is reading better than he was in the
past - Is this sentence correct?)
A: He (Çߪ’†) is studying much better now
than before/ He is doing much better at
studies than before.
Reading = àüÁjØ√, Ê°°æ®˝ (Newspaper)/ Story
Book ™«çöÀN îªü¿-´úøç.
Studying = Subject/ exam èπ◊ îªü¿-´úøç (Å®Ωnç
îËÆæ’-èπ◊E, í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊.)
Q: Oxygen helps in burning - Please say in
Telugu.
A: ÇéÀq-ïØ˛ ´’çôèπ◊ ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC/ ´’çúÕ-Ææ’hçC.
Q: †’´¤y áçûª ¶«í¬ Çúø-í∫-©¢Ó Åçûª ¶«í¬ îªü¿-¢√L
– Please say in English (You should be
able to read as well as you can play).
A: You must study as well as you can play/
You must do as well at studies as you do
at play/ games.
Q: I am a doctor - Let me know the subject.
A: The sentence talks about 'I', so 'I' is the
subject.
Q: Their house is past the Registrar Office -
¢√Rx©’x J>-≤ƒZ®˝ Ç°∂‘Æˇ Å´-ûª© ÖçC. – Is this
right?
A: Right.
For ¢√ú≈L éπüΔ? Ñ sentence †’ éÀçCN-üμ¿çí¬
®√ßÁ·î√a?
I met her first time before four years ago, I met
her first time in 1999 Å-ØÌî√a!
A: Four years ago - Ø√©’í∫’ Ææç´-ûªq-®√© éÀçü¿ô –
ÉC period é¬ü¿’ éπüΔ? Ø√©’-Íí∞¡x éÀçü¿ Åçõ‰ äéπ
Æ洒ߪ’ç (point of time) éπüΔ?
For four years = Ø√©’-Íí-∞¡Ÿxí¬ – ÉC period of
time.
✪ Before four years - Ñ expression, Ø√©’Íí∞¡x
´·çü¿’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ É™« ¢√úøç. Four years ago
ÅØË Åçö«ç. É™« Å-ØÌa: Four years before
his marriage (= ÅûªE °RxéÀ Ø√©’-Íí∞¡x ´·çü¿’)
he first saw her.
Q: ´’ç* Vocabulary books (Simple style and
standard, simple words) ûÁ-©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
A: ´’ç* Vocabulary books î√™« ÖØ√o®·.
Å®·ûË words ûÓ §ƒô’ ÅN ᙫ, à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™
¢√ú≈L ÅØËC ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O’®Ω’ îª÷ú≈-Lq†
books:
1) An ABC of English Usage by G.H. Vallins.
2) Word Power Made Easy by Norman Lewis.
-Ñ È®ç--úÕ-öÀ-™ È®çúÓ °æ¤Ææhéπç (Norman Lewis)
î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫éπ®Ω-¢Á’iç-C.
www.eenadupratibha.net
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 19 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2014
Q: The train left a few minutes ago/ back - Which is correct?
A: The train left a few minutes ago - Correct. Back - Wrong.
Q: (a) I won't let them come here.
A: I won't (will not) let them come here = ¶μºN-≠æu-û˝™  ®√E-´y†’.
An apple of
someone's eye -Åç-õ.‰ .?
Satyaraj, Rangasaipet.
Q: Sir, please let me know how an 'idiom' is
different from a 'phrasal verb'? How can
they be identified? Please explain, if we
are reading an English newspaper, we may
see some verbs which are combined with
prepositions, adjectives or adverb. How
can we understand if they are idioms or
phrasal verbs?
A: An idiom is 1) a group of words the mean-
ing of which as a whole is different from
the meaning of each word in it.
Take for example the idiom 'An apple of
someone's eye' - This means someone very
dear to somebody.
eg: My sister is the apple of my father's eye =
My sister is the favourite of my father/ his
pet.
You see here that there is no connection
between Apple, someone's eye on the one
hand, and favourite/ pet on the other. Such
expressions are idioms.
2) An idiom need not always be a verb/ a
group of verbs. For example, 'The apple of
someone's eye' neither is a verb as a whole
nor any of the words in it is a verb. So it
need not be a verb - Åçõ‰ ÅC verb Å®·u
I have been to...
N. Pentaiah, Dharmajipeta.
Q: Ææ®˝, éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™
ûËú≈, Å®√n©’ N´JçîªçúÕ. a) Where have you
gone?
b) Where did you go? c) Where you went?
d) Where you have gone?
e) Where you do go? f) Where do you go?
A: a) Where have you gone? - This question
has no meaning in English.
'Where have you gone?' - The verb here is,
'have gone' - have + PP - refers to a past
action, time not stated. It means that the per-
son is still away somewhere, hav-
ing gone there. In such a situa-
tion, that is, when the person is
not in our presence, how can we
ask them 'where have you gone?'.
Only after they return, can we ask
them. 'Where have you been?' -
'O’®Ω’ áéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢ÁRx ´î√a®Ω’?— ÅE.
M. SURESAN
'Have gone' ÅØË verb Åçü¿’Íé 'you'
ûÓ ¢√úøç, Å™«Íí, I/ We ûÓ èπÿú≈.
I have gone to Hyderabad - ؈’ £j«ü¿-®√-¶«-
ü˛èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x†’. Åçõ‰ £j«ü¿-®√-¶«-ü˛™ ÖØ√o†’, ÅE éπüΔ? 2) Are you
Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç á´-JûÓ Å™« ņ-í∫©ç? – Åçü¿’- (Helping verb) + (Main verb)
éπE ´’†ç £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ †’ç* AJ-íÌ-*a† ûª®√yûª I
have been (have gone é¬ü¿’) to Hyderabad
Åçö«ç. ÉüË, we éÀ, you éÀ ´Jh-Ææ’hçC.
I/ We/ You have gone to Hyderabad
- Wrong.
I/ We/ You have been to Hyderabad
- Right. Where do you go? - Correct. (áéπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞«h´¤? –
Where have you gone? - Wrong.
'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ....
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
T. Siva, Nandikotkur.
(b) I don't let them come here ©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç™ Ö†o ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?
I don't let them come here = Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ®√E-´y†’, É°æ¤púø÷/ á°æ¤púø÷.
807
Öçú≈Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’, äéÌ\éπ\°æ¤púø’ verb í¬†÷
ÖçúÌa.
eg: Give something a miss (= not to go/ attend
a meeting etc.) - This is a verb.
★ A phrasal verb on the other hand is always
a verb.
eg: Look after = to take care of. Though the
meaning of the whole group of words is
different from the meaning of each of the
words in it, it is still a VERB.
So an idiom need not be a verb, a phrasal
verb is always a verb.
Sometimes an idiom, if it functions as a
verb, it can be a phrasal verb too.
eg: Give up = stop. This is both an idiom and
phrasal verb. There are a good number of
such expressions in English.
Q: Satya is not the cleverest of all boys (SD)
Satya is not cleverer than some other boys
(CD). Some other boys are at least as clever
as Satya (PD) - Are the above correct?
A: Correct.
Where have you been? - Right.
Have you ever gone abroad? - Wrong.
Have you ever been abroad? - Right
b) Where did you go? - This is correct.
Here did go refers to a past action
at a definite time. †’¢Áyé- π\ú
- éÕ À ¢Á∞«x´¤/
E†o/ ¢Á·†o/ Ñ §Òü¿’†l etc.? - Correct.
c) Where you went? - Wrong.
Where did you go? - Correct.
Where you went? - Not in the ques-
tion form. Questions in English
always have the Verb/ Helping verb
before the subject.
eg: 1) Are you a teacher?
verb sub
studying?
This is so even in 'wh' questions, that is,
questions beginning with what, when, where,
who, which, why, how, etc.
d) Wrong - for reasons explained above.
e) Not a correct question - Reasons given
above.
Regular í¬/ É°æ¤púø’)
www.eenadupratibha.net
Would you fancy tea..?
Kumar: Hi Prakash, welcome. Long since we
met. What brings you here? (®√, ®√, v°éæ ¬≠ˇ,
éπ©’-Ææ’è- π◊E î√™« ®ÓV-™çj„ C. àçöÀ™« ´î√a´¤?)
Prakash: Perhaps you know I had not been
here for the past two weeks. I returned just
yesterday from Machilipatnam. (Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ-
†’-èπ◊çö«, È®çúø’ ¢√®√-©’í¬ ØËE-éπ\úø ™‰†E. E†oØË
´î√a ´’*-M-°æôoç †’ç*).
Kumar: Good to see you. How about some
coffee? (éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç. é¬Ææh 鬰∂‘
BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢√?)
Prakash: I've (I have) come just to see you.
No coffee for me. Thanks all the same.
(E†’o îª÷úø-ö«-EÍé ´î√a†’. Ø√èπ◊ coffee Åéπ\-
Í®xü¿’. Å®·Ø√ thanks.)
Kumar: Would you fancy tea then? (Å®·ûË öÃ
BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢√?)
Prakash: That would be fine. (ÅüÁjûË ÆæÍ®).
Kumar: Would you mind waiting for a few
minutes? Your tea will be ready in no time
(é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ Öçúøí∫-©¢√? ûªy®Ω-™ØË F öà Ɯü¿l¥ç
Å´¤ûª’çC.)
Look at the following expressions and
their meanings.
✦ All the same = just the same = Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ.
✦ Fancy = like (É≠æd-°æ-úøôç)
✦ Would you mind = mind? = Ŷμºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷?
✦ Do without = get on without something =
(àüÁjØ√) ™‰èπ◊çú≈ í∫úø-°æôç X Do without.
★ I can do with a thousand rupees a day =
®ÓVéÀ ¢Á®·u ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ Ø√èπ◊ éπ≠dçæ (ï®Ω-
í∫ü¿’) X I can do without any money from
you (F †’ç* úø•’s ™‰éπ-§ÚûË Ø√èπ◊ °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’)
ÉC î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† phrasal verb. DEo
O’ daily conversation ™ practise îËߪ’çúÕ.
É°æ¤púø’ functional English ™ 'would' use
îª÷üΔlç: Look at the following sentences from
the conversation above:
1. What brings you here?
2. How about some coffee?
3. Would you fancy tea then?
4. That would be fine
5. Would you mind...?
6. I would prefer your company...
á´JûÓ-ØÁjØ√ é¬Ææh ǧƒu-ߪ’çí¬, ´’®√u-ü¿-°æ‹-®Ωy-éπçí¬
¢√úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ 'would' Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ îª÷üΔlç, ´’®Ó-≤ƒJ.
Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ Ñ sentence îª÷úøçúÕ.
What brings you here? = àçöÀ™« ´î√a¢˛?
´’Eç-öÀéÀ á´-È®jØ√ î√™« ®ÓV© ûª®√yûª ´*a-†-
°æ¤púø’ 'àçöÀ™« ´î√a´¤? üΔJ-ûª°œp ®√™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ?—
Åçö«ç éπüΔ? üΔE-éÀC equivalent - What brings
you here? Hope it is not an ill-wind that brings
you here. (àüÓ îÁúø’-í¬L EEoéπ\-úÕéÀ ´îËa™« îËߪ’-
™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ? ÅE) Å®·ûË ´’†™ éÌçûª-´’çC DEo
ûª°æ¤pí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. é¬F 'What brings you
here?' ûªÊ°pO’ é¬ü¿’.
2
Prakash: Oh, take your time. No hurry. I
would prefer your company to your tea. (F
É≠ædç ´*a-†çûª Æ洒ߪ’ç BÆæ’éÓ. F öà éπçõ‰ FûÓ
í∫úø-°æôç ´·êuç Ø√èπ◊).
Kumar: Would you move aside a little? The
tea is in the shelf behind you. (é¬Ææh °æéπ\èπ◊
ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√¢√? F ¢Á†éπ Ö†o Å©-´’-®Ω™ öÃ
ÖçC).
Prakash: Not at all. But why take all this
trouble? I've come just to spend sometime
with you. Can't we do without the coffee
and tea? (°∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. ÅÆæ©’ áçü¿’éà v¨¡´’çû√?
FûÓ àüÓ é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ í∫úÕ°œ §ÚüΔ-´’E ´î√a. Ñ
鬰∂‘©÷, öé÷, Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷?)
Kumar: It is more for my coffee, than for
your tea. I think I got it from my dad. He
would drink a lot of coffee. (ÅC é¬ü¿’™‰, F
öà éπçõ‰ Ø√ coffee ´·êuç Ø√èπ◊. ´÷ Ø√†o
†’ç* Ø√éÀC ´*açC. Åߪ’-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ ûÁí∫ 鬰∂‘
û√Íí-¢√úø’.)
How about?/ What about? =
¢√öÀ/ üΔE/
¢√∞¡x Ææçí∫-ûËçöÀ?
Would you fancy some coffee? Ééπ\úø
would Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç: Polite request = ´’®√u-ü¿-°æ‹-®Ωy-
éπçí¬ Å¶μºu-Jnç-îªôç.
''Would you let me sit next to you
(Please)?'' = O’ °æéπ\† èπÿ®Óa-E-≤ƒh®√?/ O’ °æéπ\†
èπÿ®Óa-´î√a?
b) That'd (That would) be fine = ¶«í¬ØË
Öçô’çC = ÅC Ø√éÀ-≠d¢æ Ë’. Éçé¬ Ñ ¶μ«´çûÓ É™«
èπÿú≈ ÅØÌa.
That suits me fine/ That's (That is) OK for
me.
5) Would you mind...? /Do you mind...?/
Mind...? = O’Íé-´’Ø√o Ŷμºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷?
a) Pranav: Would you mind/ Mind my sitting
here? = Ééπ\úø ؈’ èπÿ®Óa-´úøç O’Íé-´’Ø√o Ŷμºuç-
ûª-®Ω´÷?
Narayana: Not al all. Go ahead. (àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√-
™‰ü¿’, èπÿ®ÓaçúÕ.)
b) Manohar: Hope you don't mind my asking
you, can I have that book for a few days?
(O’Í®O’ ņ’-éÓ-éπ-§ÚûË, Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç ؈’ éÌEo-®Ó-
V© §ƒô’ BÆæ’-éÓ-´î√a?)
Karuna: Certainly, but could you wait till
tomorrow? I hope to finish reading it by
then. (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈, é¬F é¬Ææh Í®°æ-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ Çí∫’-
û√®√? Í®°æ-öÀéÀ ÅC îªü¿-´ôç °æ‹®Ωh-´¤-ûª’çC).-
É™« would †’..
1) ´·êuçí¬ future from the past èπ◊ – í∫ûªç™
†’ç* ¶μºN-≠æu-û˝èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.
★ He said yesterday that he would help me =
Åûª†’ E†o ÅØ√oúø’, Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh-†E.
(ņoC, E†o – ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’ôç, E†o (Past)
†’ç* future ™).
2) àüÁjØ√ ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ ÉîËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ (offer îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊).
3) Polite permission èπ◊ – Would you mind
my sitting here?/ Would you let me
leave?
4) Polite requests - Would you help me in the
matter? (Ñ N≠æ-ߪ ’ç™ é¬Ææh ≤ƒßª ’ç
îË≤ƒh®√?).
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 26 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2014
808
A.Sridhar, Onipenta.
Q: Ææ®˝, éÀçC °æüΔ-©èπ◊ Å®√n©’ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
1) Pass out 2) Database 3) Killer instinct
4) Basic instinct 5) Energetic 6) Portfolio
7) Mission possible 8) Polyphonic
9) Open cost 10) Firebrand 11) Tomboy
12) Flamboyant 13) Rocking 14) Introvert
15) Extrovert 16) Possessiveness
A: 1) Pass out = To become unconscious =
Ææp %£æ« ûª°æpôç.
When he was hit by the lorry he passed out
and lay on the road. (™«K ÅûªEo úμŒ é̆-í¬ØË,
Åûª†’ Ææp %£æ« ûª°œp-§Ú®· é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ ´®Ωèπ◊ ®Óúø’f O’üË
°æúÕ ÖØ√oúø’).
2. Database = The large amount of informa-
tion stored in a computer and can be readi-
ly referred to whenever we need it = com-
puter ™ EéÀ~°æhç îËÆœ Ö†o, ´’†-Èé-°æ¤púø’ 鬢√-©çõ‰
Å°æ¤púø’ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-í∫© Ææ´÷-î√®Ω ECμ.
My appetite has been sluggish..
-äéπ -¢Áj-ü¿’u-úÕéÀ, ®Ó-TéÀ -´’-üμ¿u -ï-J-T-† Ææç-¶μ«-≠æ-ù..
Prabhakar: Good morning, doctor.
Dr. Srikanth: Good morning. What can I do
for you?/What's (What is) your problem?
(¨¡Ÿ¶μ-ü¿ßª’ç. ØËØËç îËߪ’-í∫-©†’ O’èπ◊?/O’ Ææ´’-
ÊÆuçöÀ?)
Prabhakar: I've been feeling feverish since
last night, doctor. I have a severe
headache. (E†o ®√vA †’ç* ïy®Ωçí¬ Ö†o-
ô’dçC, doctor. Bv´-¢Á’i† ûª©-ØÌ°œp).
Dr. Srikanth: How is your appetite? What is
your temperature like? What did you have
for dinner last night? (O’èπ◊ AØ√-©ØË éÓJéπ
ÖçüΔ? õ„ç°æ-Í®-˝ ᙫ ÖçC? ®√vA ¶μï-†ç™
àç AØ√o®Ω’?)
Prabhakar: Yes, doctor, I forgot to tell you.
My appetite has been sluggish for the past
few days. I haven't taken my temperature.
(Å´¤†’, doctor í¬®Ω÷, îÁ°æpúøç ´’J-î√†’. í∫ûª
éÌEo ®ÓV-©’í¬ ÇéπL é¬Ææh ´’çü¿-Tç-*çC. ؈’
temperature í∫´’-Eç-îª-™‰ü¿’.)
Dr. Srikanth: Well, let me see. Lie down on
the table there please... ... I see, you are
running a temperature. It is about 101oF.
(ÆæÍ® îª÷üΔlç. Ç table O’ü¿ °æúø’-éÓçúÕ... O’èπ◊
temperature ÖçC. üΔüΔ°æ¤ 101oF.)
Prabhakar: I suspected as much, doctor, so
what do I do now, doctor. (Ø√éπ-†’-´÷-†ç-í¬ØË
ÖçC. Å®·ûË É°æ¤púø’ †ØËoç îËߪ’-´’ç-ö«®Ω’
ú≈éπd®Ω’ í¬®Ω÷?)
Dr. Srikanth: Don't you worry. It is just an
ordinary fever. It will come down soon.
(O’Í®ç ¶«üμ¿-°æ-úø-éπçúÕ. ÉC ´÷´‚©’ ïy®Ω¢Ë’.
ûªy®Ω-™ØË ûªí∫’_-ûª’çC.)
Prabhakar: So nothing to worry about it
doctor? What diet do I take doctor?
(Å®·ûË àç ÇçüÓ-∞¡† °æúø-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ?)
Dr. Srikanth: Absolutely nothing. Here, I am
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
✪ The killer instinct = Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ áçûª ¶«üμ¿ éπL-TØ√ ™„éπ\-°-ôd-èπ◊çú≈ ´’†ç
ņ’-èπ◊-†oC ≤ƒCμç-îªúøç/ Éûª-®Ω’© ¶«üμ¿ûÓ EN’ûªhç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ´’†ç ņ’-èπ◊-†oC
≤ƒCμç-îª-í∫-©-í∫úøç/Desire to act for our own advantage without minding
the hurt it causes to others.
✪ Basic instinct = The way people/ animals naturally react or behave,
without thinking about a situation/ ´’† ØÁï j üμÓ®Ωù/À Æ棫æ ï üμÓ®ΩùÀ – Ç™-
™‰èπ◊çú≈. °æ¤LE îª÷úøí- ¬ØË ´’† ØÁïj ç (instinct) - §ƒJ-§Ú-´úøç.
Tomboy.. -Å-¶«s®· é¬-ü¿’..!
5) Energetic = Have
a lot of energy = ¨¡éÀh
éπLT Öçúøôç.
He is an energetic young man and
makes himself busy with a num-
ber of activities.
6) Portfolio = î√™« Å®√n-©’-Ø√o®·.
a) v°æñ«-≤ƒy-´’uç™ äéπ ´’çvA ÅDμ-†ç- M. SURESAN
™E ¨»ê. Arun Jaitley holds
the defence portfolio (®Ωéπ~ù ¨»ê). 11) Tomboy = a girl who dresses and acts like
b) A brief case/ a file carrying documents/
drawings of a great artist. (´·êu-¢Á’i† °ævû√©’/
äéπ éπ∞«-é¬-®Ω’úÕ *vû√-©†’ ÖçîËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË *†o
°õ„d/ file).
c) äéπ ´uéÀhéÀ îÁçC† éπç°F Ê≠®Ω’x/ °ô’d-•-úø’-©èπ◊
Ææç•ç-Cμç-*† °ævû√©’ Öç-èπ◊ØË case/ file.
7) Mission possible = Mission = Any work
that someone believes it is their duty to do
= ´’†ç NCμí¬ E®Ωy-£œ«ç-î √-©-†’-èπ◊ØË °æE.
Mission possible = ≤ƒüμ¿u-¢Á’i† NCμ.
8) Polyphonic = Of several different sounds
of music played/ sung together = •£æ›∞¡ ¨¡¶«l-
©ûÓ/ •£æ›∞¡ í¬vû√-©ûÓ èπÿúÕ† ÆæçUûª NØ√uÆæç.
writing out a prescription - take the first
set of tablets one tablet a day after meal,
and the second set of tablets once a day at
bed time. You'll be (You will be) OK in 3
days. See me after three days. (àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√-
™‰ü¿’. Ééπ\úø ؈’ O’èπ◊ ´’çü¿’©’ ®√Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.
¢Á·ü¿öÀ ®Ωéπç G∞¡x©’ ǣ慮Ωç ûª®√yûª äéπöÀ
îÌ°æ¤p† ®ÓVèπ◊ È®çúø’, È®çúÓC ®√vA °æúø’-éÓ-¶-ßË’-
ô-°æ¤púø’. ´‚úø’ ®ÓV© ûª®√yûª éπ©-´çúÕ.)
Prabhakar: What about diet, doctor? (°æü∑¿uç
Ææçí∫A ú≈éπd-®Ω’-í¬®Ω÷?)
Dr. Srikanth: Avoid all oily substances. Be on
milk and butter milk rice. (†÷ØÁ ´Ææ’h´
- ¤©’
°æ‹Jhí¬ ´÷ØËß
- ª’çúÕ. §ƒ©’, ´’>bí- †∫ oç A†çúÕ.)
Look at the following words from the passage
above:
1) I've (I have) been feeling feverish since
last night.
2) I have a severe headache.
3) How is your appetite?
4) My appetite has been sluggish.
5) You are running a temperature.
6) What diet do I take doctor?
ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπüΔ? É´Fo ´’†ç ï•’s-°æúÕ doc-
tor ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ¢ÁRx-†-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË ´÷ô©E. É°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀ
í∫’Jç* N´-®Ωçí¬ îª÷üΔl´÷?
1) Feeling feverish: ïy®Ωç Ö†o-ô’xçúË Å†’-¶μº´ç.
(Feverish éÀ Éçé¬ î√™« Å®√n©’, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’
ÖØ√o®·.) Feverish í¬ Öçúøôç Åçõ‰ ïy®Ωç
Ö†o-ô’x-é¬ü¿’, ïy®Ωç °æúÕ†ô’x ÅE-°œçîË ¶«üμ¿.
a) Mohan: You look dull. What's the matter?
(àçöÀ î√™« F®Ω-Ææçí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?)
Sivaram: Since last night I've been feeling
quite feverish. Of course I don't have a
9) Open cast - A process of steel
manufacturing (Öèπ◊\ ûªßª÷-K™ äéπ
®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† °æü¿l¥A)
10) Firebrand - A person causing
social or political trouble by
opposing authority and encourag-
ing others to do the same = ÅCμ-é¬-
®Ωç™ Ö†o-¢√-JE áC-Jç*/ Éûª-®Ω’-©†’
èπÿú≈ Å™« îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ °æ¤J-éÌ™‰p ´uéÀh.
a boy, liking a boy's activities
- ´’í∫-®√-ߪ·úø’.
12) Flamboyant = Behaving very confident-
ly, and showing a preference for bold
temperature. (®√vA
†’ç* àüÓ ïy®Ωçí¬ Ö†oô’d
ÅE-°œ-≤ÚhçC. Å®·ûË temperature ™‰ü¿-†’éÓ.)
2) A headache - í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊çüΔç – fever,
headache, stomach ache - É´Fo counta-
bles. Åçü¿’-éπE OöÀ singulars ´·çü¿’ a/ an
ûª°æpéπ ®√¢√-LqçüË.
3 & 4 Appetite = A desire to eat something.
AØ√-©ØË éÓJéπ. ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ ï•’s-°æ-úÕ†
¢√∞¡xèπ◊ appetite Åçûªí¬ Öçúøü¿’. ÉC lack
of appetite Åçö«ç. Åçûªí¬ AØ√-©ØË éÓJéπ
™‰éπ-§ÚûË Appetite is sluggish Åçö«ç.
★ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®ÓV-©’í¬ sluggish appetite Öçõ‰
Ç®Óí∫uç ÆæJí¬ ™‰†õ‰x. ´·êuçí¬ jaundice ®Óí∫’-
©èπ◊ appetite î√™« sluggish í¬ Öçô’çC.
★ Appetite †’ N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i† éÓJéπ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ èπÿú≈
¢√úøû√ç.
★ Most film magazines and some TV chan-
nels carry scandals that try to satisfy pub-
lic appetite for scandal. = î√™« °∂œ™ ¸t °ævA-
éπ©÷, éÌEo TV channels °æ¤é¬®Ωx °æôx v°æï-©-èπ◊†o
éÓJ-éπ†’ ûª%°œh-°æ-®Ω’-Ææ’hç-ö«®·.
5) Run a temperature = have a temperature
= ä∞¡Ÿx ¢ËúÕí¬ Öçúøôç.
6) Diet = °æü∑¿uç = ¢√uCμ-ví∫-Ææ’h©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË °æ-J-N’-ûª-
¢Á’i† ǣ慮Ωç.
★ Patient: What diet do you suggest,
doctor? (O’Í® °æü∑¿uç BÆæ’-éÓ-´’ç-ö«®Ω’?)
Doctor: Be on a liquid diet for a day or
two - that will help. (vü¿¢√™‰ BÆæ’-éÓçúÕ – äéπöÀ
È®çúø’ ®ÓV-©-§ƒô’. ÅC ´’ç*C).
2
colours = î√™« Çûªt-N-¨»y-ÆæçûÓ v°æ´-JhÆæ÷h,
´’ç* ®Ωçí∫’ ü¿’Ææ’h-©†’ ÅGμ´÷-EçîË.
13) Rocking = Make someone/ something
move forwards and backwards - üËØÁj oØ√/
á´JØÁjØ√ ´·çü¿’èπ◊, ¢Á†èπÿ\ ÜÍíô’x îËߪ’úøç.
14) Introvert = One who is shy, quiet and
can't mix freely with others = GúÕ-ߪ’°æúø’ûª÷
Éûª-®Ω’-©ûÓ Åçûª éπ©’-°æ¤-íÓ-©’í¬ Öçúø-™‰-E-¢√®Ω’
(Åçûª-®Ω’t-ê’©’).
15) Extrovert = Åçü¿-JûÓ éπL-N-úÕí¬ ÖçúË-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
Extrovert X Introvert
16) Possessiveness = The desire to have
somebody's love and affection for one-
self = äéπ ´uéÀh ¢Á·ûªhç vÊ°´÷-†’-®√-í¬©÷
ûª´’Íé Öçú≈-©E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ØË Ææy¶μ«´ç.
Q: Toned Milk èπ◊ Pasteurised Milk èπ◊ ûËú≈
àN’öÀ?
A: Toned milk = O’í∫úø ûÌ©-Tç-*† §ƒ©èπ◊ é¬Ææh
F∞¡Ÿx/ §ƒ©-§ÒúÕ éπL-°œûË ´îËa §ƒ©’.
Pasteurised milk = Milk maintained at a con-
stant temperature so all bacteria are killed
and milk is preserved for a longer time =
áèπ◊\´ 鬩ç E©y ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬ §ƒ©™E
Ææ÷éπ~ t-véÀ-´·©’ îªE-§ÚßË’™« äÍé Ö≥Úg-ví∫-ûª™ E©y
Öç*† §ƒ©’.
- K.V.Rao, Visakhapatnam.
Q: Ææ®˝, éÀçC Ççí∫x ¢√é¬u™x Åçúø-®˝-™„jØ˛ îËÆœ†
°æüΔ©/ °æü¿ Ææ´·-üΔ-ߪ÷© Å®Ωnç ™‰üΔ ¶μ«´ç N´-
Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
1. This book will appeal to children.
2. These peaceful surroundings are very much
to my liking
3. His lecture went down very well.
4. I never lost my love for the countryside.
5. She is mad about modelling and he is crazy
about bike racing.
6. She adores chocolate.
7. I was very much attached to my old TV.
A: 1. This book will interest / will be of inter-
est to children/ children will find the
book interesting.
2. To my liking = I like
3. The audience received his lecture very well.
(It interested them).
4. I never lost my love for the village side (=
countryside) = I always loved the village
side.
5. She likes modelling very much and he likes
bike racing very much.
mad about.. crazy about..
6. She loves chocolate very much. (Adore =
worship)
7. I was sentimental/ sentimentally in love
with my old TV.
'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ..
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