Dionne Antonette F.

Ramos

Assignment

ANATOMY OF TH BRAIN

Brainstem
The stem-like part of the base of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord. The brain
stem controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body, and it also
controls basic body functions such as breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure,
consciousness, and whether one is awake or sleepy. The brainstem (or brain stem) is the
posterior part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord. The
brainstem provides the main motor and sensory innervation to the face and neck via the cranial
nerves. Of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves, ten pairs come from the brainstem. The brainstem
is an extremely important part of the brain as the nerve connections of the motor and sensory
systems from the main part of the brain to the rest of the body pass through the brainstem.

Medulla
The medulla oblongata is located in the brain stem, anterior to (in front of) the
cerebellum. This is a cone-shaped, neuronal (nerve cell) mass in the hindbrain, which controls a
number of autonomic (involuntary) functions. This section of the brain helps transfer messages
to the spinal cord and the thalamus, which is in the brain, from the body. The main function of
the thalamus is to process information to and from the spinal cord and the cerebellum. The
medulla oblongata helps regulate breathing, heart and blood vessel function, digestion,
sneezing, and swallowing. This part of the brain is a center for respiration and circulation.
Sensory and motor neurons (nerve cells) from the forebrain and midbrain travel through the
medulla. The medulla oblongata receives its blood supply from several arteries, including the
anterior spinal artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery, and the vertebral artery's direct
branches.

Cerebellum
The cerebellum is a part of the brain that plays a vital role in virtually all physical movement.

This part of the brain helps a person drive, throw a ball, or walk across the room. The
cerebellum also assists people with eye movement and vision. Problems with the cerebellum
are rare and mostly involve movement and coordination difficulties.

Pons
 The pons (Latin for "bridge") is part of the brainstem, and in humans and other bipeds
lies inferior to the midbrain, superior to the medulla oblongata and anterior to the cerebellum.

The pons contains nuclei that relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum, along with
nuclei that deal primarily with sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing,
equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, facial sensation, and posture. Within the
pons is the pneumotaxic center consisting of the subparabrachial and the medial parabrachial
nuclei. This center regulates the change from inhalation to exhalation. The pons is implicated in
sleep paralysis, and may also play a role in generating dreams

Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is a small but important part of the brain. It contains several small
nuclei with a variety of functions. It plays an important role in the nervous system as well as in
the endocrine system. It is linked to another small and vital gland called the pituitary gland. The
hypothalamus is vital for living as it plays a very important role. It controls certain metabolic
processes and other activities of the Autonomic Nervous System. It synthesizes and secretes
neurohormones, often called hypothalamic-releasing hormones. These hypothalamic releasing
hormones control and regulate the secretion of pituitary hormones.

Cerebrum
Cerebrum is the main part of the brain in humans and other vertebrates. Functionally, it
obtains information from your surroundings and/or body and then sends that information to a
specific part of the cerebrum. The cerebrum interprets the knowledge and decides what must
happen next. In short, your cerebrum, although approximately the size of a cantaloupe, holds
the instructions for everything you do in your daily life. The cerebrum is located in the upper part
of the cranial cavity, which is a space inside the top of the skull. It is divided into a right
hemisphere and a left hemisphere by a deep groove known as the longitudinal fissure. The right
half of the cerebrum controls the left side of the body. The left half of the cerebrum controls the
right side of the body. The two halves are linked by the corpus callosum, a bundle of neural
fibers. The corpus callosum passes messages between the two halves so that they can
communicate with one another.