Physics

Work Book

LEVEL VI
 Contents

S.No Topic Remarks Sign

UNIT 1 : GENERAL PHYSICS

1.1 The Earth and Beyond

1.2 Measurements

1.3 Forces

1.4 Work & Energy

1.5 Energy resources

UNIT 2 : THERMAL PHYSICS

2.1 Physical and chemical changes

2.2 Measurement of Temperature

UNIT 3 : WAVES

3.1 Waves

UNIT 4 : ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

4.1 Magnetism

4.2 Electricity and circuits

UNIT 5 : ATOMIC PHYSICS

5.1 Atomic structure

Sample Summative assessment

 UNIT 1 : GENERAL PHYSICS

1.1 THE EARTH AND BEYOND

Answer the following questions:

1. What is light year?

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2. What is meant by equinox and solstice? Mention the days.

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3. Where is Asteroid belt located in the solar system?

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4. What is meant by asteroid?

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5. What is meant by asteroid belt?

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6. Where do you find Kuiper belt?

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7. What is meant by Oort cloud?

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8. How scientists will find planets through Kepler?

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9. Name the types of 3 galaxies?

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10. ____________ is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth like planets orbiting
other stars.

11. What is milky way?

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12. How can you see different types of constellations every month?

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13. Name two easy methods to memorize eight planets?

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14. Why Pluto is considered as a dwarf planet?

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15. Why do we only see one side of the moon?

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16. What is a planet ?

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17. How many stars are in our solar system?Which are they?

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18. Why can’t we see the stars at day time?

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19. What is the name of our galaxy?

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20. Name Jupiter’s two largest moons.

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21. What is a satellite? Differentiate natural satellite and man made satellite with example.

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22. How long does it take Earth to orbit around the sun?

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23. What is a constellation? Give examples.

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24. Which planet spins on its side?

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25. How long does it take the moon to orbit the Earth?

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26. What’s the difference between a waxing moon and a waning moon?

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27. Which planet is nicknamed the “Red Planet”? Why ?

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28. Choose the correct answer:
1.Which of the following is NOT a member of the solar system?
(a) An asteroid (b) A satellite
(c) A constellation (d) A comet
2.Which of the following is NOT a planet of the sun?
(a) Sirius
(b) Mercury
(c) Saturn
(d) Earth
3. Phases of the moon occur because
(a) we can see only that part of the moon which reflects light towards us.
(b) our distance from the moon keeps changing.
(c) the shadow of the Earth covers only a part of moon’s surface.
(d) the thickness of the moon’s atmosphere is not constant.
29. Fill in the blanks:
(a) The planet which is farthest from the Sun is ____________ .

(b) The planet which appears reddish in colour is ____________ .

(c) A group of stars that appear to form a pattern in the sky is known as a ____________ .

(d) A celestial body that revolves around a planet is known as __________.

(e) Shooting stars are actually not ____________.

(f) Asteroids are found between the orbits of _________ and _________ .

30. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F):

(a) Pole Star is a member of the solar system. ( )

(b) Mercury is the smallest planet of the solar system. ( )

(c) Uranus is the farthest planet in the solar system. ( )

(d) INSAT is an artificial satellite. ( )

(e) There are nine planets in the solar system. ( )

(f) Constellation Orion can be seen only with a telescope. ( )

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31. Match items in column A with one or more items in column B:
A B
(i) Inner planets (a) Saturn
(ii) Outer planets (b) Pole Star
(iii) Constellation (c) Great Bear
(iv) Satellite of the Earth (d) Moon
(e) Earth
(f) Orion
(g) Mars

32. In which part of the sky can you find Venus if it is visible as an evening star?
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33. Name the largest planet of the solar system.

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34. Name any two constellations.

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35. Draw sketches to show the relative positions of prominent stars in

(a) Ursa Major and (b) Orion

36. Name two objects other than planets which are members of the solar system.

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37. Do all the stars in the sky move? Explain.

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38. Why is the distance between stars expressed in light years? What do you understand by the

statement that a star is eight light years away from the Earth?

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39. The radius of Jupiter is 11 times the radius of the Earth. Calculate the ratio of the volumes of
Jupiter and the Earth. How many Earths can Jupiter accomodate?

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40. Boojho made the following sketch (Fig) of the solar system. Is the sketch correct? If not, correct it

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41. Name the three types of galaxies

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42. Our solar system is in ___________________ galaxy and the shape of our galaxy is

____________

43. The colour of a star depends on the ________________________

44. Which word best matches Pluto?____________

(a) star
(b) galaxy
(c) Dwarf planet
(d) Artificial satellite

45. Which planet is the 3rd in order from the Sun?___________

1. Earth
2. VenuS
3. Mars
4. Jupiter

46. Which of the following is TRUE?

1. The Moon always appears to be the same size because it moves at the same speed as the Earth

2. A lunar eclipse can occur when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth

3. The Moon is seen by light reflected from the Earth

4. The solar eclipse can occur when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun

47. Which word best matches a large object orbiting a star?

a) Moon
b) sun
c) planet
d) solar system
e) Galaxy

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48. What do you mean by comets ? Where are they found?

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 1.2 MEASUREMENTS

Answer the following questions:

1. What is measurement?

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2. What do you meant by fundamental quantities? Name any two of them.

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3. What is SI system of units?

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4. How many meters are there in 1 mm and 1 km?

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5. Draw a diagram to explain parallax error?

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6. Why is it important to take averages?

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 7. Define temperature

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8. Define thermometer

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9. What is the relationship between kilometre and metre?

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10. Give three units of temperature.

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11. Explain 24-hour clock and mention its one advantage

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12. Name four units of length.

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13. Write the list of standard units

S.NO Physical quantity Standard Unit Symbol

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 14. Write two rules, while writing symbols for SI units

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15. What type of scale would you use to measure your chest?

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16. What do you understand by the capacity of a glass tumbler?

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17. What kind of watch is used to measure sports events?

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18. Name two types of clocks used in earlier times.

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19. Name two places in India where sundials are located?

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20. The thermometer used to measure human body temperature is called ….....................................

thermometer.

21. The normal temperature of human body is …................................... ° C

22. How will you measure the diameter of a ball?

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23. In which continent was the first mechanical clock was made? Mention the year.

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24. Where the most accurate clock is fixed? ________________________________

25. The standard unit of length in SI system is

a. Yard b. Foot
c. Metre d. Centimeter

26. What device should a tailor use to measure the length of cloth?
a. Measuring rod b. Measuring tape
c. Scale d. String

27. One cm is equal to

a. 10 mm b. 1 km
c. 1000 m d. 1 m

28. What is the S. I. unit of mass, time and length and what are their symbol?

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29. The distance between Delhi and Kanpur is usually expressed in

a. Metre b. Centimetre
c. Kilometre d. Hectometre

30. Three students measured the length of same wall. The results of these students are different. What
might be the possible reasons?

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31. Which one is not ancient unit of measurement?

a. Feet b. Cubit
c. Handspan d. Meter

32. Ten millimeter is equal to

a. 1 cm b. 100 cm
c. 10 m d. 10 dm

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33. Why can foot-step not be used as standard unit of length?

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34. Name two devices used for measuring length.

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35. How people measured in olden days?

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36. What is the commonly used device for measuring the mass?

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37. What is the commonly used device for measuring the weight?

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38. Write 3 reasons why measurement is important in your Life?

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39. What is the commonly used device for measuring the volume?

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 40. Use your knowledge of fraction and the number system to workout these measurements.

Remember to write down the units of measurement with it’s SI unit.

1. Answer: ________________________

2.Answer: ________________________

3.Answer: ________________________

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 1.3 FORCES

Answer the following questions:

Pick from the following and Answer in full sentences

MAGNETISM GRAVITY TENSION FRICTION COMPRESSION

1. Which force is responsible for the following effects.

(i) A book slows down as it slides across the desk.
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(ii) A brick falls to the ground when released.
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(iii) The Earth remains in orbit about the Sun.

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(iv) A compass points north

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(vi) A scrap metal sorter lifts iron scrap from a mixed pile of iron and aluminum.

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(vi) You squeeze a sponge.

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2. Give a lifetime example for each of the following forces

(i) Magnetic force.

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(ii) Gravitational force.

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(iii) Compressive force.

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 (iv) Frictional force.

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3. Some of the statements in the list describe forces, and some do not. Choose three statements that
describe forces:
[A] the movement of a car travelling along a road
[B] the push of a jet engine on an aeroplane.
[C] the flow of electricity through a light bulb.
[D] the weight of a book on a table.
[E] the pull of a horse pulling a cart.
[F] the speed of a hockey ball flying through the air.
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4. A girl returns a volleyball. The diagram shows the path of the ball after she has returned it. How

can you tell from the path of the ball that there is a force acting on the ball?

Name of the force …....................................................

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5. The drawing shows a trolley rolling along a table from A to B. Then another force acts on the

trolley. This is shown by the arrow on the drawing.

What effect does this force have? Explain your answer.

1. It makes the trolley go faster.

2. It makes the trolley go slower.

3. It makes the trolley change direction.

4. It has no effect.

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6. A railway engine is being used to try to pull a wagon along a level track. The wagon's brakes are

on, and the wagon does not move.

(i) Draw one arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the force which prevents the wagon

from moving.

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 (ii) Is the force which prevents the wagon from moving greater than, equal to or less than the pull

of the engine? Name the force.

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7. Friction can be either a nuisance or a help depending on the situation.

(a) Give two examples in which friction is a nuisance in the proper functioning of a bicycle. For

each of example explain how friction is a nuisance, and how the effects of friction can be reduced

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(b) Give two examples in which friction is of help in the proper functioning of a bicycle. For each

of example explain how friction is helpful and how the effects of this useful friction can be

increased.

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8. In each of the following situations, state whether friction is a nuisance or useful. Give a reason for

your answer. (i)rock climbing:

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(ii) skiing

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(iii) a bicycle chain

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 (iv) writing with a pencil

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(v) walking

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9. How is friction reduced in a hovercraft?

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10. Explain the following

(i) It’s much more difficult to push a boat across a sandy beach than to push it through water

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(ii) Oil is applied to hinges

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11. An apple is falling through the air.

(i)Write down the FORCES which are acting ON THE APPLE.

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 (ii)What can you say about the SIZE of these forces?

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12. When is a body said to be in the state of rest or motion? Give examples of some objects for both in

rest and motion in your daily life.

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13. What do you understand by the term force?

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14. Give two examples of force described as a push or pull

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15. Do the terms stretch and squeeze also denote force? Define these terms and give their
examples

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16. "Force can change the shape or size both of an object". Justify this statement

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17. Give two examples of friction you come across in your daily life.

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18. Does friction depend on the smoothness or roughness of the surfaces in contact?

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19. Vehicles are likely to slip when there is water on the road. Why?

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20. Why rollers are used to make the movement of heavy objects easier?

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21. Name different types of friction with one example of each.

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22. Describe a few methods of reducing friction

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23. Friction is necessary evil. Explain.

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24. How friction opposes motion?

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25. Give one example where force changes the shape of an object.

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26. Why does the shape of an ointment tube change when we squeeze it?

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27. What happens to the springs of a sofa when we sit on it?

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28. What is frictional force? Give suitable example

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29. State two examples where the force of friction is necessary.

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30. Describe two examples where force of friction is a evil.

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31. Explain how frictional force is used to stop a moving cycle

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32. Define weight. How is the weight of an object measured? What is the unit of weight?

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33. Weight is a kind of force - Justify this statement

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34. Define contact and non-contact force with examples.

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35. What are the three types of non-contact force? Describe with examples.

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36. Name the SI unit of force and give its numerical value. With whose name this unit is associate to?.

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37. Describe how force can be measured.

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38. It is difficult to walk on a muddy ground. Why?

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39. When the surface of the tyre is worn out, it is immediately replaced. Why?

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40. What will be the consequences, if the force of friction disappears

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41. Write the effects of force

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42. What is meant by rolling friction?

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43. What is meant by static friction?

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44. Give two examples for pushing force and pulling force

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45. Name the instrument used to measure force

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46. What happens at the beginning of the time during which a car covers the thinking distance?

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47. What happens at the end of the time during which a car covers the thinking distance?

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48. What may affect the thinking time of the driver? How would the thinking distance of the car be
affected? Explain your answer.

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49. What, other than the speed, may affect the braking distance of the car? Explain your answer.

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50. Imagine you are asked to push a heavy box across the floor. At first you need to push very hard but
once the box has started to move you can push less strongly still keep it moving. Why is this?

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51. Why does the oiling the axles of a bicycle make the bicycle move more easily?

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52. what do you mean when you say that you have done some work?

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53. Is there a relation between the work done, force applied and the distance through which an object
moves? Write down the formula.

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 54. What is meant by thinking distance and braking distance?

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Label the Parts of the Levers   
Below are 3 types of levers. Label each type of lever and the load, fulcrum and effort

55. Type of Lever: ______________________________________

56. Type of Lever: ______________________________________

57. Type of Lever: ______________________________________

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58.Fill in the blank spaces by using the correct words from the list given below :
List :

first, third, second, unsafe, inclined plane, effort, door knob, smaller, crowbar, screw.

(i) A scissors is a lever of ............................... order.

(ii) A nut-cracker is a lever of ............................... order.

(iii) A sugar tongs is a lever of ............................... order.

(iv) A gang plank is an example of a simple machine, called ........................................ .

(v) A machine can help us in doing ............................... work.

(vi) A rotating inclined plane is called ............................... .

(vii) When the ............................... is in the middle of load and fulcrum, it is a lever of third order.

(viii) A ............................... is a lever of first order.

(ix) A ............................... is an example of wheel and axle.

(x) In case of a lever of third order, the effort arm is always ............................... than load arm.

59. Statements given below are incorrect. Write the correct statements.

(i) There are four kinds of simple machines.

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(ii) Scissors is a lever of third order.

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(iii) The lever of third order, has load between the fulcrum and the effort.

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(iv) Fire-tongs is a lever of first order.

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(v) A nut-cracker is a lever of first order.

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 (vi) A ramp is an example of a screw.

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(vii) A winding staircase is an example of screw.

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(viii) A single fixed pulley, is used for lifting very heavy loads.

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(ix) Dust particles in air, do not increase the wear and tear of a machine.

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60. Write true or false against each of the following statements :

(i) Fulcrum is, in the middle of load and effort, in case of lever of second order. …..........................

(ii) Effort is, in the middle of fulcrum and load, in case of lever of third order. …..........................

(iii) A winding hill road, is an example of a screw. …..........................

(iv) Wheel barrow, is a lever of first order. …..........................

(v) The handle of a fruit juicer, is an example of screw.…..........................

(vi) A lever is always a bent and is a rigid bar.…..........................

(vii) A gang plank is an example of an inclined plane.…..........................

(viii) An axe is an example of a wedge.…..........................

(ix) A lever of second order can be used as vegetable cutter. ..........................

(x) A door knob is an example of wheel and axle.…..........................

(xi) A ramp used for pushing scooter up a slope, is an example of inclined plane. ..........................

(xii) A hill road is an example of a screw.…..........................

61. Tick ( ✓ ) the most appropriate answer.

(i) The wheel barrow is an example of :

(a) lever of first order (b) lever of second order

(c) lever of third order (d) inclined plane

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 (ii) A steering wheel of a car is an example of :

(a) single fixed pulley (b) single movable pulley

(c) wheel and axle (d) screw

(iii) A lever which always uses more effort to lift a lighter load, is :

(a) lever of first order (b) lever of second order

(c) lever of third order (d) all the three orders of lever

(iv) A lever in which, effort arm is always longer than load arm, is :

(a) lever of first order (b) lever of second order

(c) lever of third order (d) all the three orders of lever

62. What do you understand by the term machine?

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63. (i) What do you understand by the term lever?

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(ii) Name and define three classes of levers.

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

64. Classify the following, as levers of first order, second order and third order :

(a) nut-cracker (b) sea-saw (c) fire-tongs (d) wheel barrow

(e) plier (f) rowing of a boat (g) bread knife (h) claw-hammer

FIRST SECOND THIRD

30
65. Give two examples of :

(i) Lever of first order

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Lever of second order

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Lever of third order.

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

31
 1.4 WORK & ENERGY
1. Define energy?
…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

2. A boy stands on the end of the diving board and bends it down.
a) What stored energy does the diving board have now? __________________________________
The board springs the boy into the air.
b) When does the boy have maximum gravitational potential energy? ________________________
3. How can you tell if something has kinetic energy?

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

4. A body is released from a certain height above the surface of the Earth. What happens to its
potential energy during its motion and just at the instant it is about to touch the ground.

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

5. Through which states of matter can sound energy pass?

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

6. What is the difference between electrical energy and electromagnetic energy?

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

7. What kind of energy do particles in all substances such as wood, water and air have?
…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

32
8. What main energy change takes place when sunlight is used to make food in a leaf?

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

9. In your day to day life, state five ways of reducing the consumption of energy
…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

10.How does keying a toy cause movement in the toy.

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

11.Write the SI unit for work and energy .

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

12. Define kinetic energy and potential energy. Give some examples for each.

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

13. Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands possess ................................................ energy.

14. The vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances is called
................................................ energy.

15. The scientific law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be transformed
is
called the ................................................

16. ................................................ is the energy of moving.

(a) Potential energy (c) Elastic energy
(b) Kinetic energy (d) Thermal energy

33
17. The energy of position such as a rock on a hill is ................................................energy
18. The movement of objects and substances from place to place is ................................................
energy.
19. Which of the following objects have kinetic energy?
(a) a bicycle parked at the top of a hill
b) leaves lying on the ground beneath a tree
c) a ball rolling across the floor
d) a sunny windowsill
20. The movement of electrons is ................................................ energy.
21. The energy in petroleum and coal is stored as ................................................ energy.
22. X-rays are an example of ................................................ energy.
23. Look at the activities listed below. Reason out whether or not work is done in the light of your
understanding of the term ‘work’.
• Suma is swimming in a pond. …..........................................
• A donkey is carrying a load on its back. …..........................................
• A wind-mill is lifting water from a well. …..........................................
• A green plant is carrying out photosynthesis. …..........................................
• An engine is pulling a train. …..........................................
• Food grains are getting dried in the sun. …..........................................
• A sailboat is moving due to wind energy. …..........................................

24. A battery lights a bulb. Describe the energy changes involved in the process.
…....................................................................................................................................................

25. The potential energy of a freely falling object decreases progressively. Does this violate the law
of conservation of energy? Why?

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

26. What are the various energy transformations that occur when you are riding a bicycle?

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

34
27. Does the transfer of energy take place when you push a huge rock with all your might and fail to
move it? Where is the energy you spend going?

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

28. What is the work done by the force of gravity on a satellite moving round the earth? Justify your
answer.
…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

29. Can there be displacement of an object in the absence of any force acting on it? Think. Discuss
this question with your friends and teacher.

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

30. A person holds a bundle of hay over his head for 30 minutes and gets tired. Has he done some
work or not? Justify your answer.

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

31. A freely falling object eventually stops on reaching the ground. What happens to its kinetic
energy?

…....................................................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................................

35
 32. Directions: On the line before each clue, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly.
Then respond to the statement that follows.
1. a type of kinetic energy that powers a cell phone A. kinetic energy
2. a basketball held over your head has this B. sound energy
3. space that contains no matter C. thermal energy
4. anything in motion has this D. seismic energy
5. stored in the bonds between atoms E. mechanical energy
6. important to bats as they search for prey F. electric energy
7. stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom G. chemical energy
8. potential energy + kinetic energy in a system of objects H. nuclear energy
9. potential energy + kinetic energy of the particles that make up an I. potential energy
object J. radiant energy
10. released when earthquakes occur; transferred by waves moving K. vacuum
through the ground L. energy
11. carried by electromagnetic waves
12. causes change

36
 1.5 ENERGY RESOURCES

1. Fill in the blank spaces by choosing the correct words from the list given below :
List : gaseous, mechanical, photovoltaic, desirable, renewable, anaerobic, nuclear, dependable, bio,
sulphur dioxide.

(a) Biomass is a .............................. source of energy.

(b) CNG is an example of a .............................. fuel.
(c) The fermentation of animal dung is brought about by .............................. bacteria,
in the absence of air.
(d) Acid rain is caused by .............................. gas present in air due to pollution.
(e) The generator converts .............................. energy into electric energy.
(f) Biomass can be added to cow dung in the generation of .............................. gas.
(g) A .............................. cell converts solar energy into electric energy.
(h) .............................. energy is obtained by splitting uranium atoms with slow
moving electrons.
(i) The wind energy is not very .............................. as the wind does not blow all the
time at the same speed.
(j) Electricity is the most .............................. form of energy.
2. Complete the following sentences.
1. ________ is the waste materials produced by living beings or their dead remains.
2. The water stored in the dams on river systems has ________.
3. Solar energy is responsible for wind energy and ________ energy.
4. Petroleum is a ________ fuel, formed from the remains of dead animals and plants.
5. Solar cooker does not cause any environmental ________.
6. Solar cell is a device which directly converts________ into electric energy.
7. At wind farms, the wind energy is harnessed in the form of _______.
8. The pollutant in air responsible for acid rain is ________.
9. Energy is the capacity to do ________.
10. The prime source of energy is ________.

3. Few Statements given below are incorrect. Write the correct statements.
(a) Wood is a non-renewable source of energy.
............….............................................................................................................................................…

37
(b) Solar heating devices are very fast in comparison to other heating devices.
............…................................................................................................................................................

(c) In photovoltaic cells chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.

............…................................................................................................................................................

(d) In wind farms the potential energy of wind changes to electric energy
............…................................................................................................................................................

(e) Excessive burning of fossil fuels is cooling the earth’s atmosphere.

............…................................................................................................................................................

(f) The armature of an electric generator converts electric energy into mechanical energy.
............…................................................................................................................................................

(g) Kerosene oil is a renewable source of energy.

............…................................................................................................................................................

(h) A photovoltaic cell converts electric energy into light energy.

............…................................................................................................................................................

(i) Solar panels are used to run wrist watches

............…................................................................................................................................................

(j) Nuclear energy is highly dangerous

............…................................................................................................................................................

4. Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ in front of statements given below :

(a) Wood is a non-renewable source of energy. ….......................

(b) In photovoltaic cells, light energy is converted into electric energy. ….......................
(c) Tidal power plants can be constructed near the mouth of narrow bays. ….......................
(d) Wind is caused due to uneven heating of the surface of the earth. ….......................
(e) Solar cells can be used to operate big electrical devices. ….......................
(f) In wind farms, the potential energy of wind changes into electric energy. ….......................
(g) Kerosene oil is a renewable source of energy. ….......................
(h) Nuclear energy is highly dangerous ….......................
(i) Hot spots are the places on the Earth, where sun shines more brightly. ….......................
(j) Fossil fuels are the main cause of atmospheric pollution …....................…

38
 5. Tick the most appropriate answer.

(a) The device which directly converts solar energy into electric energy, is :
(i) solar heater (ii) solar furnace (iii) solar cell (iv) solar water heater
(b) The energy which directly changes into electric energy, in solar cell is :
(i) heat energy only (ii) light energy only (iii) heat and light energy (iv) none of these

(c) The kind of energy present in fossil fuels, is :

(i) heat energy (ii) mechanical energy
(iii) chemical energy (iv) geothermal energy
(d) The ultimate source of hydroelectric energy, is :
(i) potential energy of water (ii) kinetic energy of water
(iii) solar energy (iv) magnetic energy
(e) The renewable source of energy amongst the following, is :
(i) coal (ii) petrol (iii) natural gas (iv) solar energy
(f) The non-renewable source of energy amongst the following, is :
(i) wind energy (ii) hydel energy (iii) solar energy (iv) chemical energy
(g) The splitting of heavy nucleus of an element with the release of energy is called :
(i) combustion (ii) fusion (iii) fission (iv) photosynthesis
(h) The gas which is obtained from biomass, is :
(i) LPG (ii) CNG (iii) Biogas (iv) hydrogen
(i) The energy possessed by moving water is :
(i) potential energy (ii) kinetic energy
(iii) geothermal energy (iv) hydroelectric energy
6. Match the different forms of energy with their sources.
Column A Column B
1. Water power (a) obtained when the nucleus of an atom splits
2. Nuclear energy (b) obtained from sun
3. Wind energy (c) obtained from water falls
4. Solar energy (d) obtained from moving air
7. Find the odd one out. Give a reason for your choice.
(a) flowing water, tidal waves, coal, hard blowing wind.

….......................................................................................................................................................................

…......................................................................................................................................................................

39
(b) liquefied petroleum gas, biogas, compressed natural gas, hydrogen gas.

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

(c) farm residues, animal dung, wood, coal.

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

8. (a) Define renewable sources of energy.

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Name four renewable sources of energy.

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Define non-renewable sources of energy.

……...................................................................................................................................................................

…......................................................................................................................................................................

(d) Name two important non-renewable sources of energy.

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

9. Pick out renewable and non-renewable sources of energy from the following list :

List : (i) Geothermal energy, (ii) Petrol, (iii) Coke, (iv) Tidal energy, (v) Hydel energy, (vi) Biomass, (vii)
CNG, (viii) Wind energy.

Renewable Non-Renewable

40
 10. Why are coal and petroleum products called non-renewable sources of energy?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

11. How does solar energy change into chemical energy?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

12. Why is it important to harness solar energy?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

13. Explain how wind energy can be converted into electric energy.

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

14. Why is wind energy undependable? Give two reasons.

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

15. State two advantages of wind energy.

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

16. What are fossil fuels?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

41
 UNIT 2 : THERMAL PHYSICS

2.1 PHYISCAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

1. (a) Kenny writes 5 statements about materials. How has Kenny collected this information?

a) by fair testing b) by observing

c) by measuring d) by modelling

(b) Some of Kenny’s friends describe their ideas about solids, liquids and gases

Which of Kenny’s statements can be used to argue against Sally’s idea?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

2. Answer the questions in the table by ticking the correct box in each row.

42
 3. Some children are making ice lollies. The children cool the liquid. It changes into ice.
Name the process & explain the change of state.

............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

4. Look at the picture given. Water vapor changes to frost. Identify the process happening here and
explain the same.

…....................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................................

5. Sublimation a phase changing phenomena. Write down the conversion process with an example.

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

6. From the figure below you can notice that in both the cases liquid is changing to gas(vapor). But
there is a difference between the two processes. Explain them with an example

…..............................................................................................................

…..............................................................................................................

…..............................................................................................................

…..............................................................................................................

…...........................................................................................................…

7. What is the state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume?

….........................................................................................................................................................…

43
 8. What do you call the change in a state of matter from a gas to a liquid?

…............................................................................................................................................................

9. Categorize the following items as solid, liquid or gas.

pencil water soda nitrogen ice cream shampoo steam table wallet car

Solid Liquid Gas

10. Given a solid substance that is heated until it boils, describe the movement of its particles.

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

11. Read the Sentences below. Underline any solids, circle any liquids, and box any gases

The water begins to bubble. Steam rises from the pot. You want your hot chocolate, but it is too hot

to drink. You don’t want to wait for it to coll down. So, you add an ice cube. You watch the ice melt in the

hot liquid until the drink is just the right temperature.

12. Use the chart to identify the state of matter described by the following. Many of these have more
than one answer! (Use S, L or G in the spaces.)
1. ____ not easily compressible

2. ____ rigid – particles locked into place

3. ____ flows easily

4. ____ compressible

5. ____ lots of free space between particles

6. ____ does not flow easily

44
 7. ____ assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies

8. ____ particles can move past one another

9. ____ retains a fixed volume and shape

10. ____ assumes the shape and volume of its container

13. Melting is the change from a solid to a ___________.What is a melting point?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

14. The opposite of melting is ____________, when a liquid changes to a solid.

15. What is a freezing point?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

16. What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

17. True or false: Condensation is the change of state from a liquid to a gas. ________
18. What is sublimation?
….......................................................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................................................

19. True or false: Dry ice is an example of sublimation. __________________

20. True or false: Boiling water can reach a temperature of 1050C. _______

45
 21. Use the graph to answer the following questions.

At point A, the beginning of observations, the substance exists in a __________ state. Material in
this phase has _______________ volume and _____________ shape.
With each passing minute, _____________ is added to the substance. This causes the molecules of the
substance to ____________ more rapidly which we detect by a temperature rise in the substance. At point
B, the temperature of the substance is ______°C.

The solid begins to __________. At point C, the substance is all in the ___________ state of
matter. Material in this phase has _______________ volume and _____________ shape. The energy put to
the substance between minutes 5 and 9 was used to convert the substance from a ___________ to a
___________. Between 9 and 13 minutes, the added energy increases the temperature of the substance.
During the time from point D to point E, the liquid is ___________. By point E, the substance is
completely in the __________ phase. Material in this phase has _____________ volume and ___________
shape. The energy put to the substance between minutes 13 and 18 converted the substance from a
___________ to a ___________ state. Beyond point E, the substance is still in the ______________
phase, but the molecules are moving faster as indicated by the increasing temperature.

22. Explain the terms with an example in our daily routine:

a) Physical change

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

b) Chemical change

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

46
 2.2 MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE

1. (a) Define heat

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

(b) How does heat energy flow from one body to another body in contact with it?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

2. Name the unit for the measurement of heat energy.

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

3. What is temperature?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

4. True or False. If you don’t stir a liquid or a gas, then they are not moving. Explain your
reasoning. .............................
5. You have two identical beakers of water, A and B. If twice a much heat is transferred
(added) to beaker A, which beaker will have the highest temperature? Explain.

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

6. In what way(s) can we observe a transfer of heat?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

7. Which contains more thermal energy, an iceberg or a liter of hot water? Explain.

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

47
 8. Do cold objects contain heat energy? Explain.

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

9. What is happening to temperature while ice is melting to become (liquid) water? Explain.

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

10. State similarities and differences between the laboratory thermometer and the clinical thermometer.

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

11. Does a cup of water boil at a different temperature than a large soup pot of water? Explain.

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

12. There is a pot of boiling water on a stove. Someone turns the burner knob from medium to
high. What happens to the temperature of the water?

…............................................................................................................................................................

….........................................................................................................................................................…

13. a) You are outside on a cold day and sit down on a metal bench. What does it feel like and

why?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

b)You get up from the bench after sitting for a while. You place your hand where you have

just been sitting. Predict what it would feel like and explain your reasoning.

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

14. What are the effects of heat?

….........................................................................................................................................................…

48
 15. What are different types of thermometer?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

16. Why mercury preferred in thermometers?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

17. Give two examples each of conductors and insulators of heat.

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

18. Which of the following best explains the scenario below?

On a summer morning, John walks barefoot across his paved driveway with no problem. However, later
that afternoon he steps barefoot onto the same driveway and must quickly run off because the bottoms of
his feet feel like they are burning.
1. As the temperature increased during the day, the particles in the pavement moved slower and
the thermal energy increased.
2. As the temperature increased during the day, the particles in the pavement moved slower and
the thermal energy decreased.
3. As the temperature increased during the day, the particles in the pavement moved faster and the
thermal energy increased.
4. As the temperature increased during the day, the particles in the pavement moved faster and the
thermal energy decreased.

19. Fill in the blanks :

(a) The hotness of an object is determined by its __________.
(b) Temperature of boiling water cannot be measured by a _____________ thermometer.
(c) Temperature is measured in degree ______________.
20. A material through which thermal energy flows easily.
1. Thermal Contraction
2. Temperature
3. Thermal Conductor
4. Convection Current

49
21. The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.
1. melting point
2. boiling point
3. mixture
22. Is an increase in a material's volume when its temperature increases.
1. Heat
2. Thermal Conductor
3. Thermal Expansion
4. Thermal Energy
23. A pan of water is set on a stove. After the heat is turned on, the temperature of the water begins to
and the thermal energy of the water .
1. decrease, decreases
2. decrease, increases
3. increase, increases
4. increase, decreases
24. Define the following terms:
1. Thermometer
....................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2. Conductor of heat

..................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

3. Insulator of heat.
....................................................................................................................................................

…................................................................................................................................................

50
 UNIT 3 :WAVES

3.1.Waves
Answer the following:
1. When graphing a wave, what does the horizontal axis usually represent?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

2. What does the horizontal line through the center of the wave on a graph represent?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

3. When graphing a wave, what does the vertical axis usually represent?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

4. What do we call the highest point of the wave on a graph?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

5. What do we call the lowest point of the wave on a graph?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

6. What wave measurement represents the number of times per second that the wave cycles?

….......................................................................................................................................................................
7. What wave measurement would you find by measuring the distance between the crests of back-to-
back wave cycles?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

8. What wave measurement would you find by measuring the time between the crests of back-to-
back wave cycles?

…..............................................................................................................................................................….…

51
 9. What wave measurement represents the strength or intensity of the wave?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

10. What wave measurement represents how fast the disturbance of the wave is moving?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

11. A wave is a disturbance that transfers …............................................. from one place to another.

12. What kind of waves vibrate our eardrums so we can hear?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

13. What kind of waves require some sort of medium to travel through?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

14. What kind of waves can travel through a vacuum?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

15. What kind of waves transfer energy?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

16. Which of the following waves is a mechanical wave?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

17. Which of the following waves is an electromagnetic wave?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

18. In which of the following waves does the disturbance move in the same direction as the wave?

…....................................................................................................................................................................

52
 19. In which of the following waves does the disturbance move in a perpendicular direction to the
wave?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

20. What type of wave is a sound wave?

….......................................................................................................................................................................

21. What type of wave behavior occurs when a wave oscillates in one particular direction?
.........................................................................................................................................................

22. What type of wave behavior occurs when a wave stays in the same medium, but bends around an
obstacle?
..............................................................................................................................…........................

23. What is it called when a wave encounters a barrier and returns to the original medium?

..........................................................................................................................…...........................

24. Study the four transverse waves shown above. Compare the properties of waves B, C, and D to
that of wave A, and complete the following four questions:

1) Compared to wave A, which wave has the same wavelength but a smaller amplitude?

.....................................................................................................................................................

53
 2) Compared to wave A, which wave has a shorter wavelength but the same amplitude?

....................................................................................................................................................

3) Which wave has the same frequency as wave A?

....................................................................................................................................................

4) Compared to wave A, which two waves have greater frequencies?

...................................................................................................................................................

25. If the particles of the medium are vibrating to and fro in the same direction of energy transport,

what type of waves are formed? Explain with a diagram.

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

26. When the particles of a medium are vibrating at right angles to the direction of energy
transport,what type of waves are formed? Explain with a diagram.

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

54
 27. What type of waves are light and the other forms of electromagnetic radiation?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

28. What type of wave has areas of rarefaction and compression?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

29. What do waves transfer?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

30. Give examples of longitudinal waves ?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

31. Give examples of transverse waves

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

32. What is the wavelength?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

33. What is the amplitude ?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

34. What is the frequency of a wave and what is it measured in?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

55
 35. What is wave velocity and how is it different to wave speed?

…............................................................................................................................................................

….........................................................................................................................................................…

36. As the wavelength of a wave increases, how is its frequency changed? (Assuming that it is
travelling at a constant speed)

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

37. What happens to the speed of wave as it is move from gas to liquid to solid?

…............................................................................................................................................................

56
 UNIT 4 : ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM
4.1 MAGNETISM
1. Fill in the blanks in the following
(i) Artificial magnets are made in different shapes such as __________, __________ and ____________.

(ii) The Materials which are attracted towards a magnet are called________.

(iii) Paper is not a ______ material.

(iv) In olden days, sailors used to find direction by suspending a piece of ___________.

(v) A magnet always has __________ poles.

2. State whether the following statements are true or false

(i) A cylindrical magnet has only one pole.

(ii) Artificial magnets were discovered in Greece.

(iii) Similar poles of a magnet repel each other.

(iv) Maximum iron filings stick in the middle of a bar magnet when it is brought near them.

(v) Bar magnets always point towards North-South direction.

(vi) A compass can be used to find East-West direction at any place.

(vii) Rubber is a magnetic material.

3. It was observed that a pencil sharpener gets attracted by both the poles of a magnet although its
body is made of plastic. Name a material that might have been used to make some part of it.
...............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

4. Column I shows different positions in which one pole of a magnet is placed near that of the other.
Column II indicates the resulting action between them for each situation. Fill in the blanks.
Column I Column II
N-N _________
N - _________ Attraction
S-N _________
_________ - S Repulsion

57
5. Write any two properties of a magnet.

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

6. Where are poles of a bar magnet located?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

7. A bar magnet has no markings to indicate its poles. How would you find out near which end is its north
pole located?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

8. You are given an iron strip. How will you make it into a magnet?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

9. How is a compass used to find directions?

…............................................................................................................................................................

…............................................................................................................................................................

10. A magnet was brought from different directions towards a toy boat that has been floating in water in a
tub. Affect observed in each case is stated in Column I. Possible reasons for the observed affects are
mentioned in Column II.
Match the statements given in Column I with those in Column II.

Column I Column II
Boat gets attracted towards the magnet Boat is fitted with a magnet with north pole towards
its head
Boat is not affected by the magnet Boat is fitted with a magnet with south pole towards
its head
Boat moves towards the magnet if north pole of the Boat has a small magnet fixed along its length
magnet is brought near its head
Boat moves away from the magnet when Boat is made of magnetic material
north pole is brought near its head
Boat floats without changing its direction Boat is made up non-magnetic material

58
 4.2 Electricity and circuits

1. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false in front of the following statements :
(i) Copper is a conductor, but plastic coating is insulator. ….........................
(ii) Switches are placed in metal casing to prevent them from breaking. ….........................
(iii) Silk thread is a good conductor of electricity. ….........................
(iv) A bulb is the source of electricity in a torch. ….........................
(v) We can light a house by using electric cells. ….........................
(vi) Electricity can kill a person. ….........................
(vii) Earth connection protects user from receiving shocks. ….........................
(viii) We should not touch switches with bare hands. ….........................
(ix) Metals are good conductors of electricity. ….........................
(x) A bulb lights up only when current flows through it. ….........................

2. Statements given below are incorrect. Write the correct statements :

(i) Ordinary tap water does not conduct electric current.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................
….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................
(ii) Ebonite is good conductor of electricity.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................
….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................
(iii) Electricity used in homes is generated from storage cells.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................
….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................
(iv) Earth connection allows the excess electricity to flow into earth.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................
….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................
(v) The source of electricity in a flash torch is its bulb.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................
….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

59
 3. Tick the most appropriate answer.
(i) In an open electric circuit :
(a) the path of electric current is completely broken.
(b) the path of electric current is not broken.
(c) the path of electric current is partially broken
(d) none of these
(ii) The path along which electric current flows, is called :
(a) electric circuit (b) insulator
(c) conductor (d) resistor
(iii) A fuse wire is an alloy of :
(a) lead and copper (b) tin and aluminium
(c) lead and tin (d) tin and copper
(iv) A fuse wire has a :
(a) very low melting point (b) low melting point
(c) high melting point (d) very high melting point

4. Find the odd one out. Give a reason for your choice.
(i) ebonite, alcohol, plastic, mercury.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................
(ii) copper, salt water, cotton, human body.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................
(iii) electric cell, storage cell, electric geyser, electric generator.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................
(iv) water heater, electric iron, electric toaster, tube light

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

5. (i) Name two household electric appliances, which produce light.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

60
(ii) Name four household electric appliances, which produce heat.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

(iii) Name two office appliances, which use electricity.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

(iv) Name two household appliances, which cause cooling effect.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

(v) Name two industrial appliances, which use electricity.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

(vi) Name four appliances, which do not work with electricity

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

6. Figures (A) to (D), show an electric circuit through a cell and an electric bulb. State your
observations in each case and give one reason

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…...............................................…

61
 7. A bulb is placed in an electric circuit. State two conditions which must be satisfied, if
the bulb has to light up.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

8. (i) What is an electric switch?

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

(ii) How does an electric switch help us in household wiring?

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

9. State any two ways of conserving electric energy in :

(i) Homes

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

(ii) Offices

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

(iii) Factories

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

10. State four precautions while using electrical appliances.

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

….........................….........................….........................….........................…..................................................

62
 UNIT 5 : ATOMIC PHYSICS

5.1 Atomic structure

1. What are most atoms made of?
A: molecules
B: water
C: electrons, protons and neutrons
D: none of the above

2. What is the charge assigned to the electrons?

A: positive
B: no charge
C: zero
D: none of the above

3. What is the charge assigned to the protons?

A: negative
B: positive
C: no charge
D: none of the above

4. Which of the following is the LEAST heaviest?

A: neutron
B: hydrogen atom
C: electron
D: proton

5. The hydrogen atom does not contain the following?

A: an electron
B: a neutron
C: a proton
D: none of the above

6. . ________ is anything that has mass and takes up space.

A. Matter
B. Energy
C. Fuel
D. All of the above choices are correct.

7. A(n) _______ is a small particle that makes up most types of matter.

A. electron
B. proton
C. neutron
D. atom

8. You burn wood in a campfire until only ashes remain. The amount of matter has ________.
A. decreased
B. increased
C. stayed the same
D. Not enough information has been given.

63
 9. The law of conservation of mass states that mass is ________.
A. reused whenever possible
B. decreased in every chemical reaction
C. continuously created and destroyed
D. never created or destroyed

10. Which of the following is a model?

A. written paragraph
B. Weather map
C. miniature boat
D. All of the above choices are correct.

11. The nucleus of an atom is made of two kinds of particles-________.

A. protons and electrons
B. neutrons and electrons
C. protons and neutrons
D. None of the above choices is correct.

12. A(n) ________ is a particle with a positive charge.

A. electron
B. neutron
C. positron
D. proton

13. A(n) ________ is a particle with no charge at all.

A. electron
B. neutron
C. positron
D. proton

14. Almost all of the mass of an atom is in its ________.

A. nucleus
B. orbits
C. outer shell
D. None of the above choices is correct.

15. A(n) _______ is a particle with a negative charge.

A. electron
B. neutron
C. negatron
D. proton.

16. A(n) ________ is matter made up of only one type of atom.

A. compound
B. particle
C. element
D. mixture

64
 17. Elements make up ________.
A. gases
B. liquids
C. solids
D. All of the above choices are correct.
18. Synthetic elements are ________.
A. not found in nature
B. unstable
C. made in particle accelerators
D. All of the above choices are correct.

19. The periodic table is a chart that organizes elements by the number of ________ in each element's
nucleus.
A. protons
B. neutrons
C. electrons
D. positrons

20. Some elements have three-letter symbols because ________.

A. their atoms are always found in groups of three
B. they are large in size
C. their names are too long for a one- or two-letter symbol
D. they have been discovered so recently that they do not have a permanent name and symbol yet

21. The 3 particles of the atom are:

a. ________________________ b. ________________________ c. ________________________

Their respective charges are:

a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________

22.

65
 Sample Summative Assessment
SECTION – A ( Each question carries 1 mark)

1. Our solar system includes …...............................

A) 8 stars
B) 8 planets
C) 8 suns
D) 8 days

2. Which of the following is the correct order to form a solar eclipse?

A) Earth Moon Sun

B) Sun Moon Earth
C) Earth Sun Moon

3. When one object travels in a circle around another object, it is …................ that object.

A) Rotating around
B) Revolving around
C) Encircling
D) Following

4. What might you find between Jupiter and Mars?

A) Asteroids
B) Stars
C) A House
D) The canteen

5. During a solar eclipse the darkest part of the Moons shadow is called the .....................

A) Penumbra
B) Dark bit
C) Umbra
D) Solundra

6. The SI unit of time is …..........

A) hour
B) solar day
C) minute
D) second
7. The temperature of a body is measured with a …......................

A) Weighing Machine
B) Ruler scale
C) thermometer
D) Meter scale

8. Amount of matter present in a body is called its :

A) mass
B) force
C) weight
D) none of these

9. Which of the following is treated as the basic Physical quantity?

A) Area
B) Length
C) Volume
D) None of these

10. The device used for measuring time in 100 m race is :

A) A normal wristwatch
B) clock
C) stopwatch
D) pendulum clock

11. What device should a tailor use to measure the length of cloth?

A) Measuring rod
B) Measuring tape
C) Scale
D) String

12. Which one is not ancient unit of measurement?

A) Feet
B) Cubit
C) Hand-span
D) Meter
13. The gravitational force is a …..............

A) contact force
B) consequential force
C) force at distance
D) none of these
14. The force of friction is :

A) always an advantage
B) always a disadvantage
C) neither advantage nor disadvantage
D) sometime advantage and sometime disadvantage

15. The moon remains in its orbit around the earth due to the _______ forces between the two bodies.

A) frictional
B) electrostatic
C) magnetic
D) gravitational
16. A stone falling from the roof of a house is an example of :

A) frictional force
B) magnetic force
C) gravitational force
D) electrostatic force
17. Magnetic force causes :

A) attraction only
B) repulsion only
C) both attraction and repulsion
D) none of these
18. A magnet exerts a force called ….............
A) electrical force
B) chemical force
C) magnetic force
D) magnetic field
19. One way to increase friction is to use ….......... on a surface.

A) Oil B) Sand C) Water D) wax

20. Which surface has the least amount of friction?

A) Grass B) carpet C) ice D) concrete

21. An aeroplane running on the runway, before taking off, has

A) only potential energy

B) only kinetic energy
C) both, kinetic energy and potential energy
D) none of these.

22. The energy stored in a car battery, has :

A) only electric energy

B) only chemical energy
C) both, electric energy and chemical energy
D) none of these
23. The ultimate source of energy on the earth, is :

A) coal B) petroleum
C) flowing water D) sun

24. Which of the following is an example of using kinetic energy to produce electricity?

A) Batteries
B) Windmills
C) Burning coal
D) Nuclear energy

25. The kind of energy present in fossil fuels, is :

A) heat energy B) mechanical energy

C) chemical energy D) geothermal energy

26. Which is the best example that something has kinetic energy?

A) car parked on a steep hill

B) tennis ball rolling across the court
C) picture hanging on the wall
D) piece of coal before it's burned

27. Conservation of energy means that

A) energy can be created but not destroyed

B) energy can be destroyed but not created
C) energy can both be created and destroyed
D) energy can neither be created nor destroyed
28. Why is it important to save energy in our daily lives?

A) We need to burn more fossil fuels.

B) So that other people can waste energy.
C) We save electricity because it’s easier to see in the dark.
D) We need to protect our environment for the future

29. Heat energy flows from

A) hot objects to hotter objects.

B) cooler objects to warmer objects.
C) warmer objects to hotter objects.
D) warmer objects to cooler objects

30. The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that is touching

A) convection currents
B) radiation
C) conduction
D) convection

SECTION – B
Answer all the questions:

31. Name the Phases of the moon and shade the each phase with pencil. [4]
32. The planets can be divided into the inner planets and the outer planets. What divides them? [1]

..….............................................................................................................................................

33. Find the odd-one out. Give reasons for your choice. [2]

A) Top Pan balance, spring balance, physical balance.

..….............................................................................................................................................

..….............................................................................................................................................

..….............................................................................................................................................

34. Match the following columns: [5]

Column A Column B
a. Length of a rod measured in i. newton
b. Metre ii. Kilometre
c. Unit of Force iii. Unit of length
d. mass measured in iv. Kilogram
e. Distance between two far places v. metre

35. Write the S. I. unit and its symbol for any 2 basic physical quantities? [2]

1. ..….............................................................................................................................................

2. ..….............................................................................................................................................

36. Which force is responsible for the following effects. [5]

MAGNETIC ELECTROSTATIC GRAVITY TENSION FRICTION

COMPRESSION

i. A book slows down as it slides across the smooth surface of a desk ….................................

ii. A brick falls to the ground when released. ….................................

iii. The Earth remains in orbit about the Sun. ….................................

iv. A balloon that has been rubbed against a woollen jumper sticks to a wall. ….................................

v. A scrap metal sorter lifts iron scrap from a mixed pile of iron and aluminium. ….…........................
37. Draw force diagrams for each of the following situations. Name the forces. [4]

(a) An apple hanging from a tree

Name of the force: …................................

(b) An apple falling through the air

Name of the force: …................................

(c) An apple resting on the ground

Name of the force: …................................

(d) A girl standing on the ground

Name of the force: …................................

38. [6]

(a) Megan's dog is pulling him. Which arrow, A, B, C or D, shows the direction of this force?

..….............................................................................................................................................
 (b) Megan has to pull to keep the dog still. Which arrow shows the direction of this force?
Give the letter.

..….............................................................................................................................................

(c) Suddenly the dog's collar breaks

(i) When the collar breaks, the dog moves. Draw an arrow on the diagram to show which way the
dog starts to move.

(ii) Why does the dog move when the collar breaks?

..….............................................................................................................................................

..….............................................................................................................................................

39. The drawing shows a trolley rolling along a table from A to B. Then another force acts on the
trolley. This is shown by the arrow on the drawing. [3]

What effect does this force have? Choose from the following options and explain Why?

A) It makes the trolley go faster.

B) It makes the trolley go slower.
C) It makes the trolley change direction.
D) It has no effect

..….............................................................................................................................................

..….............................................................................................................................................

..….............................................................................................................................................

..….............................................................................................................................................
40. The diagram shows a cyclist at different positions as he cycles over a humpback bridge.

i. Where does the cyclist have the most kinetic energy? Use the letter as your answer. [1]

..….............................................................................................................................................

..….............................................................................................................................................

ii. Where does the cyclist have the most potential energy? Why? [2]

..….............................................................................................................................................

..….............................................................................................................................................

iii. Where does the cyclist have the least potential energy? Why? [2]

..….............................................................................................................................................

..….............................................................................................................................................

iv. The cyclist used some energy to cycle over the bridge. Where was this energy transferred to by the
time the cyclist reached position D ? [2]

..….............................................................................................................................................

..….............................................................................................................................................

41. (a) A torch battery is an energy resource. What is the form of energy stored in a torch battery?[2]

..….............................................................................................................................................

..….............................................................................................................................................

(b) When a torch is switched on, energy is transferred from the battery to the bulb. What is the
energy transferred from the battery to the bulb? [2]

..….............................................................................................................................................

..….............................................................................................................................................
 (c) Energy is transferred from the torch bulb to the surroundings.Choose from the following terms to
complete the sentences. [2]

electricity light sound thermal transfer

(i) Energy is transferred from the torch bulb to the surroundings in a useful way
by ...............................................

(ii) Some energy is wasted. The wasted energy is transferred from the bulb to the surroundings
by ...............................................

(d) The torch is lifted up and put on a high shelf. Energy is transferred to the
torch as it is lifted up. The energy is stored in the torch while it stays on the
shelf. What type of energy has the torch gained? [1]

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

42. The drawing below shows the ride of some pupils in a log car on a
theme-park ride. The letters A, B, C, D, E and F show different points
along the track.
The car starts from A and travels to F, where it stops at F. At E the car enters a trench filled with
water

Finish

(a) (i) At which two points does the car have no kinetic energy? [1]

…................................................................................................................................................

(ii) At which point does the car have the most gravitational potential energy? [1]

…................................................................................................................................................

(iii) At which point does the car have some kinetic energy and the least gravitational potential
energy? [1]

…................................................................................................................................................
(b) Complete the sentence below by choosing from the following words [2]

When the car reaches F, its ................................... energy is transferred into .............................. energy

43. Jacquie has a mobile phone (UK term for a cell phone). Energy is stored in the battery of the phone.
The drawing shows the battery being charged.

(a) Which energy transfer takes place in the battery as it is being charged? [1]

..….............................................................................................................................................

(b) When the battery is fully charged, Jacquie unplugs the phone. Which energy transfers take place
when the mobile phone rings? [1]

..….............................................................................................................................................

44. The picture down shows few appliances used in daily life.
(a) Write the form of energy transfers in each of the following. [4]

…....................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................

......................................................................................................

…....................................................................................................
 (b) complete the sentence below. [1]

Parts of the mixer become hot because some of the electrical energy is changed into

.......................................... energy which is wasted

(c) Energy is wasted as sound in many appliances. Which appliance in the drawings produces sound
which is not wasted? Why? [2]
..….............................................................................................................................................
..….............................................................................................................................................
45. Heat is transferred by conduction, convection and radiation. [3]
(a) (i) State which of the three methods is responsible for the transfer of heat from the Sun to the
Earth.
....................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain why the other two methods cannot be involved in this transfer.
.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

46. A hand feels hot when placed above a lighted match, as shown in Figure below Explain what causes
this to happen. [2]

.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
47. In each of the following situations, identify the method of heat transfer taking place and fill in the
blanks using the following options. [5]
Conduction convection radiation

(a) Hot coffee is stirred with a spoon, the spoon gets hot due to …...............................

(b) A chair is placed several feet from a fire in a fireplace. The side of the chair facing the fireplace gets
warm because of .................................
(c) A fireman feels a door and it is hot from the fire on the other side due to ….................................

(d) Near the ceiling of a room the air is warmer. The warm air rises because of …....................................

(e) A student holds the back of his hand near an iron to see if it is hot. Heat is transferred to his hand by
….............................