Name: Blas, Jhawne Ehrlich Instructor: Dr. Lorico Lapitan Jr.

Carlos, Michael Jeffrey Date Performed: March 04, 2019

Dela Cruz, Kurt Christian

Section: ENG 1 – 24

Group no. 2

EXPERIMENT 3: GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CHLORIDE SALT

I. INTRODUCTION
Quantitative analysis is the aspect of analytical chemistry which is concerned with
determining how much of one or more constituents is present in a sample of material. Two
common methods used in analytical chemistry are gravimetric and volumetric analysis.
Gravimetric analysis derives its name from the fact that the constituent being determined can
be isolated in some weighable form. Volumetric analysis, on the other hand, derives its name
from the fact that the method used to determine the amount of a constituent involves measuring
the volume of a reagent. (Nelson, 1985.)

In our experiment Chloride ion may be quantitatively precipitated from solution by the
addition of silver ion according to the following ionic equation: Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) → AgCl(s)
Silver chloride is quite insoluble or AgCl dissolves in 100 mL therefore, the addition of silver
nitrate solution to an aqueous solution containing chloride ion precipitates AgCl, quantitatively.
The precipitate can be collected on a filter paper, dried, and massed. From the mass of the AgCl
obtained, the amount of chloride in the original sample can then be calculated.

The lab objective designed to understand and illustrate techniques used in gravimetric
analysis by quantitatively determining the amount of chloride in an unknown sample.

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II. MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

In getting the gravimetric analysis

of a Chloride Salt, which is also a
quantitative method that is identifying the
mass of a compound. To start off, an
unknown sample was given, it was
weighted on an analytical balance, and it
must weight to the nearest 0.0001 g or
about 0.2 g, weighting it helped during in
the process, the unknown sample was
placed in a clean 150 mL beaker and gently
dissolved it with 100mL of water and 1 mL
of 6M Nitric Acid (HNO3).
FIGURE 1.0 Filter paper use.
A glass rod was used to stir it continuously, about 10 mL of 0.5 M Silver Nitrate (AgNO3)
solution was added during the stirring process, after it was stirred continuously, the solution was
covered and digested using a watch glass for 15 minutes and precipitate were formed. As it was
done, it was filtered using a Whatman ash less filter paper, precipitate was washed, 2 to 3 times of
5 mL of distilled water and then 5 mL of acetone.

A filter paper was tucked inside a weighed crucible and it was heated partially covered
crucible over a Bunsen burner until all left out was the residue. The crucible with the residue was
transferred inside into a preheated furnace and heated up for 20 minutes, and it was cool-downed
for 20 minutes of time inside the desiccator.

III. RESULTS
A. Unknown Sample Analysis

Weight of Crucible (w/ cover) + residue

Trial 1 Trial 2
1st Weighing 29.0367 g 30.4320 g
2nd Weighing 29.0368 g 30.4320 g
3rd Weighing 29.0363 g 30.4315 g
4th Weighing 29.0373 g 30.4326 g
Final Weight 29.0368 g 30.4320 g

2
 Trial 1 Trial 2
Weight of unknown sample 0.2025 g 0.2022 g
Weight of crucible (w/cover) 29.0355 g 30.311 g
+ residue
Constant weight of crucible 28.7757 g 30.1227 g
(w/cover)
Weight of residue 0.309325 g 0.260575 g
Weight of Cl 0.05 g 0.05 g
%Cl 24.71% 24.72%
B. Computations:

0.05 𝑔
%𝐶𝑙1 = 𝑥 100 = 24.71%
0.2025𝑔

0.05 𝑔
%𝐶𝑙2 = 𝑥 100 = 24.72
0.2022 𝑔

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒:

(29.0367 + 29.0368 + 29.0363 + 29.0373)
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙1 = = 29.0368 g
4
(30.4320 + 30.4320 + 30.4315 + 30.4326)
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙2 = = 30.4320 g
4

C. Weight of Residue computations:

(0.3093 + 0.3093 + 0.3099 + 0.3049)

𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙1 = = 0.309325 g
4
(0.2610 + 0.2591 + 0.2606 + 0.2616)
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙2 = = 0.260575 g
4
IV. DISCUSSION

Quantitative Analysis is the aspect of analytical chemistry which is concerned with

determining how much of one or more constituents is present in a sample. Gravimetric
analysis is a technique used to determine the mass or concentration of a substance whether it
may have change in mass.

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 The given sample was weighed using an analytical balance to get a particular weight
need for the solution to work. Nitric Acid a powerful oxidizing agent, reacts violently with
many non-metallic compounds was added for the solution to be concentrated and precipitated.
It was found that Silver Chloride is quite insoluble as silver nitrate is needed to be added into
an aqueous solution containing chloride ion precipitate.

A white powder is visible after the preparation of the solution. Considering the
filtration done after the stirring process. Weighing is properly done to get the minimal value
of the residue. In order to get the final mass of the substance, it was heated for 4 times inside
a furnace. It was heated for the precipitate to be purified. Proper calculation of percent
chloride was done after the experiment.

V. CONCLUSIONS

In the experiment of using gravimetric analysis to determine the chloride content of an

unknown sample. The percentage of chloride in the sample was determined to be 24.72%.
The objective of the experiment showed how one could determine the percent composition of
a compound by separating the components through physical properties. As silver salt is
soluble in pure water, the loss of AgCl salt in water was virtually negligible.

VI. REFERENCES
[1] Nelson, J., 1985. "Chemistry: The Central Science, 3rd Edition." Retrieved from:
https://www2.palomar.edu/users/ngeetha/110labhandouts/gravmtrc%20cl.PDF
[2] Yaksic, A. (n.d.). Gravimetric Analysis of a Chloride Salt. Retrieved May 19, 2019, from
https://www.yaksic.com/gacs8.html
[3-4] CHAPTER XV: GRAVIMETRIC METHODS. (n.d.). Volatilization gravimetry. (n.d.).
Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/chemical-reactions-
stoichiome/limiting-reagent-stoichiometry/a/gravimetric-
analysis?fbclid=IwAR1tku5m8OCX_wxRaZrpX2k1XOUz05Mxpw3ctvYG7qqwYFpKurz
VvM3J45M