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Application of SSSC for compensation assessment of interconnected Power

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Article · May 2015

DOI: 10.1109/IICPE.2014.7115750

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 Application of SSSC for Compensation Assessment
of Interconnected Power System
Shashi Gandhar Jyoti Ohri
Research scholar Professor
NIT, Kurushetra NIT, Kurushetra
India
shashi.abhi@gmail.com ohrijyoti@rediffmail.com
Abstract—Present paper describes the application and study
of SSSC (Static Series Synchronous Compensator), a flexible
Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) Controller
for providing dynamic compensation to an interconnected power
system. A combination of conventional sources ‘diesel generating
system’ and a non-conventional energy source ‘wind turbine
generator system’ has been used to design the power system. A
SSSC is inserted in the middle of this combination and thus
acting as a shunt connected static compensator therefore not
affecting active power significantly but improving reactive power
profiles directly. In this paper time Simulation studies
investigate the effect of SSSC on the reactive power profiles
of different generators and it also consider for stabilizing
voltages of different loads. Simulations are carried out in Sim
Power System toolbox of MATLAB software.
Keywords—FACTS; SSSC; MATLAB
I. INTRODUCTION
In India Power systems are probably the largest machines
designed by power engineers. Existing power systems consists
of more than hundreds generators, thousands lines and
substations, and millions of consumers. Still there are many
locations which are deprived of electric power because of
economic and other factors .Electric power can be provided to
these areas either by commissioning of new power plants at
those locations or by extension of existing power system and
transmission networks but both requires a huge amount for
design and establishment . A very considerable amount is also
required for the running expenses like fuel cost. Best solution
to these increasing demands and making electricity cost
effective is to design distributed generation system using
nonconventional resources like wind, hydro etc. Presently, the
wind power emerges as prominent renewable energy resource
to play an important role in the modern power systems. Wind
power is providing a solution to these power crisis problems to
a large extent, but the wind power system has associated with
some technical problems, one of the problems is that the
fluctuations in the wind energy resources are very frequent
and it can’t be neglected. This affects the quality of supply.
Voltage is the main factor which determines the quality of
supply. The variations in voltage clearly produce the
mismatches in the reactive power demand of system. This
978-1-4799-6046-0/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE
Mukhtiar Singh
Associate Professor
DTU, New Delhi
India India
smukhtiar_79@yahoo.co.in
situation has resulted in an increased possibility of voltage
instability which becomes a worry concern of many utilities
especially in planning and operation [1-3].
Voltage variations may be the cause of system voltage
collapse which can paralyze the system from which they are
unable to recover. In result of voltage collapse a partial or full
power interruption may occur in the system. The only way to
save the system from voltage collapse is to reduce the reactive
power load or add additional reactive power prior to reaching
the point of voltage collapse. Introducing the sources of
reactive power, i.e., shunt capacitors and/or Flexible AC
Transmission System (FACTS) controllers at the appropriate
location is the most effective way for utilities to improve
voltage stability of the system [4-5]. Further these power
electronics devices can be used for increasing the system
efficiency and stability of the system.
The recent development and use of FACTS controllers in
power transmission system lead to many applications in power
systems. These are not only capable of improving the reactive
power profiles of the existing power network resources but
also to provide operating flexibility to the power system.
Many FACTS devices, such as STATCOM (static
compensator), SVC (static VAR compensator), SSSC (static
synchronous series compensator) and UPFC (Unified Power
Flow Controller) can be inserted in series or shunt, or a
combination of the two, to control the different parameters of
power system FACTS devices have been defined by the IEEE
as “alternating current transmission system incorporating
power electronic-based and other static controllers to enhance
controllability and increase power transfer capability” [6-8].
This paper presents an application and study for
compensation assessment of a hybrid /interconnected system
with SSSC is presented with the use of MATLAB software
package. Here test system comprises of a balanced 4-Bus
system connected with a combination of six wind turbine
generators and a diesel generator system. A SSSC is inserted
in between these sources and a brief introduction of the SSSC
is presented in section II. In section III test system is designed
and analyzed in Sim Power System toolbox of MATLAB.
Simulation Test results are clearly presented in section IV.
This paper also discusses the voltage stabilization capability of
SSSC.
 II. BASIC CONFIGURATION OF SSSC

The SSSC is a static series synchronous generator and very

similar to a series compensator. On the contrary, this
Controller has the same structure as that of a STATCOM. The
only difference between them is the coupling transformer of
an SSSC is connected in series with the transmission line
while in case of STATCOM; it is connected in parallel with
line. It can be termed as a synchronous voltage source (SVS)
as it can inject a variable and controllable sinusoidal voltage in
series with a transmission line [9-10]. Its output voltage is in
quadrature with the line current, which is independent of line
current. It can be varied according to requirement of the
system. Thus the objective of the controller is to increase or
decrease the total reactive voltage drop across the line and
thereby can vary the transmitted power. A small part of the Fig. 2. control system block diagram of SSSC [13]
injected voltage that is in phase with the line current provides
the losses in the inverter. The basic configuration of a SSSC is
shown in Fig. 1 [10, 11, and 12]. (4)
(5)

(6)

Fig. 1. The Single line diagram Of SSSC

Presented control system of SSSC has a phase-locked loop
(PLL) which synchronizes on the positive-sequence
component of the current I. The output of the PLL (angle =ωt)
is utilized to get the d-axis and q-axis components of the 3-Ɵ
voltages and currents (labeled as Vd, Vq or Id, Iq).
Measurement systems measuring the q components of AC
positive-sequence of voltages V1 and V2 (V1q and V2q) as well
as the DC voltage Vdc. AC and DC voltage regulators which
compute the two components of the converter voltage Vd_conv
and Vq_conv) required to obtain the desired DC voltage (Vdcref)
and the injected voltage (Vqref). The Vq voltage regulator is
assisted by a feed forward type regulator which predicts the
Vconv voltage from the Id current measurement.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Fig. 3. Effect of injected voltage
III. MODEL OF TEST SYSTEM
A 4-bus system is considered for the application and study
of dynamic compensation capabilities of SSSC [13] is shown
in figure 3. Detailed test system is redesigned in the sim power
system toolbox of MATLAB software for the analysis and
time simulations are carried out in this very effective power
system software .It is connected with a six Wind turbine
generators and with a synchronous generator. This
combination is representing a wind power system and a diesel
power system respectively. The data for the system is given in
Appendix. In this paper, the investigations are executed on the
assumption that the wind turbine is operating at rated speed (9
m/s). The six Induction Generators of wind power systems of
rating 1.5 MVA nominal power and connected at bus ‘WT’.
Fig. 4. Block Diagram of Test System [14]

The diesel generator is having nominal power of 3.0 MVA

and connected at bus ‘D’. Three different loads L-1(Resistive
only), L-2 (R-L in series), L-3(R-L in series) are connected in
between these two buses Therefore whole test system is
divided in two parts/sections i.e. Wind induction generator
section and Diesel Synchronous Generator section. The FACT
controller SSSC of rating 1 MVA has been implemented in
between. Thus the SSSC Controller is relieving both types of
systems in a very effective manner. Waveforms presented in
next section clearly indicating the reactive power control
capability of SSSC and also it is stabilizing the voltage
profiles of all three connected loads.

Fig. 5. The Flow line diagram Of Methodology

Fig. 6. Simulated Test system with SSSC

Fig. 7. Reactive Power (green) and Active Power (blue) profiles at bus ‘W’
Fig. 8. Reactive Power (green) and Active Power (blue) profiles at bus ‘d’
Fig. 9. Reactive Power (green) and Active Power (blue) profiles of load ‘1’
Fig. 10. Reactive Power (green) and Active Power(blue) profiles of load ‘2’
Fig. 11. Reactive Power (green) and Active Power(blue) profiles of load ‘3’
Fig. 12. Voltage profiles of three loads
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
The Active power (blue curves) and reactive power (green
curves) profiles at different buses are presented in this section
where wind power system is connected with bus ‘wt’ and
diesel system is connected with bus‘d’. The active and
reactive profiles of three loads L1, L2 and L3 are shown in
figures 7-9 .Here in the test system the SSSC has been
inserted into system at 10 seconds where total simulation time
is 20 seconds and all result variations with the SSSC controller
are clearly presented in this section. A significant amount of
reactive power supplied by the SSSC at buses ‘d’and’wt’ is
shown in figure 4 & 5. Reactive power demand of loads L2
and L3 is also fulfilled by SSSC as the increment in the
reactive power profile after the insertion of SSSC at time 10
sec shown in figures 7-9 .Here L1 does not require any type of
compensation as this is purely resistive load of 10 KW It is
fact that the reactive power demand varies continuously with
the variation in wind speed. So connecting fixed capacitors for
reactive power compensation will not yield better
performance. Then, the dynamic VAR requirement at these
terminals that has to be supplied by SSSC is selected as the
difference between full-load and no-load compensation. Thus
a SSSC has been employed in between two types of power
system. The voltage profiles of three loads ‘1, 2&3’ are also
presented. The SSSC is inserted at ‘10’ sec and with in no
time. It stabilizes the voltage profiles of these loads shown in
figure ‘9’ (load‘1’with blue curve, load‘2’with red curve,
 load‘3’with green curve) .Thus SSSC is playing important role
for controlling powers of given test system and to be proved as
one of most important and powerful FACT controller of the
family.
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, the improvement in the Voltage profiles of
three connected loads is presented. It is also concluded that
dynamic compensation with ‘1 MVA’ SSSC connected with
designed 4-bus system with hybrid combination of wind and
diesel power systems. It is clearly presented that SSSC helps
in regulation of the active and reactive power for the
considered system. The result reveals that in such cases,
dynamic VAR compensation is required and it can be
achieved by using the FACTS controllers like SSSC.
Appendix
Load ‘1’=10KW, 400 V, 50 Hz
Load ‘2’=3KW, 1KVAR, 400 V, 50 Hz
Load ‘3’=3MW, 1KVAR, 400 V, 50 Hz
Wind Turbine generator data:
Six generators of 1.5 MVA, 400 V, 50 Hz
Stator resistance=0.004843 p.u,
Rotor resistance= 0.004377 p.u
Stator leakage reactance=0.01248 p.u,
Rotor leakage reactance= 0.0179 p.u
Magnetizing reactance=6.77 p.u
Inertia constant= 5.04s, friction Factor=0.01 p.u
Pole pairs=03
Base wind speed=9m/s
Nominal mechanical o/p power= 9KW,
Pitch angle regulator Gains,Kp = 5,Ki =25,
Max Pitch angle=45o
Synchronous generator data :( Salient Pole Type):
P nom=3MVA, V=400V,50Hz
stator resistance=0.0036Pu
Xd’ =0.296 , Xd’’ =0.177, Xq =1.04, Xq’’ =0.177 ,
Td’ =3.7 Sec, Td’’ =0.05 Sec, Tqo =0.05 Sec
Inertia constant= 1.07s, friction Factor=0
Pole pairs=02
Nominal mechanical o/p power= 9KW,
Pitch angle regulator Gains,Kp = 5,Ki =25,
Max Pitch angle=45o
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SSSC data:
Series controller data: 1MVA,400V,50Hz,
Max Injected Voltage = 0.1 p.u
Rse: 0.16 p.u, Xse: 0.016 p.u
Injected voltage regulator gains
Kpse: 0.03, Kise: 1.5
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