Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Chapter 05: Elasticity

05 ELASTICITY
Hints to Problems for Practice 4. Given that, for the two wires,
Y1 = Y2; L1 = L2
1. d = 8 × 10−3 m F1
d = 2; r1 = 2r2
∴ r = = 4 × 10−3 m F2
2
A1
0.3 = 1.5 mm = 1.5 × 10−3 m
∴ A= L = 3 × 10−3 L A2
100
Using,
πr 2 AY
F= FL
L A = 2 we get,
πr Y
3.14 × (4 × 10 −3 ) 2 × 3 × 10 −3 L × 20 × 1011 FL FL
=
L A1 = 1 2 1 and A2 = 2 2 2
πr1 Y1 πr2 Y2
= 3014.4 × 102
A1 FL FL FL πr 2 Y
∴ F = 3.014 × 105 N ∴ = 12 1 ÷ 2 2 2 = 1 2 1 × 2 2
A2 πr1 Y1 πr2 Y2 πr1 Y F2 L 2
πr 2 AY 2
2. F= F1 ⎛ r2 ⎞
L = ×⎜ ⎟
F2 ⎝ r1 ⎠
3.14 × ( 5 × 10−4 ) × 0.012 × 1.23 × 1011
2
2
= ⎛1⎞
1.2 = 2×⎜ ⎟
3 ⎝2⎠
= 0.9655 × 10
1
= 9.655 × 102 =
2
∴ F = 965.5 N
A 1.5 × 10−3
∴ A1 = 2 =
3. Given that, for the two wires, 2 2
L1 = 2L1; r1 =
r2
; = 0.75 × 10−3 m
2 = 0.75 mm
F1 = F2; Y1 = Y2
5. d = 3 mm = 3 × 10−3 m
FL
∴ Using, A = 2 , we get ∴ r = 1.5 × 10−3 m
πr Y
FL
FL FL A= 2
A1 = 1 2 1 and A2 = 2 2 2 πr Y
πr1 Y1 πr2 Y2
30 × 2
On dividing, ∴ A=
3.14 × (1.5 × 10−3 ) × 1.1 × 1011
2

A1 FL FL FL πr 2 Y
= 12 1 ÷ 2 2 2 = 1 2 1 × 2 2 = 7.7205 × 10−5 m
A 2 πr1 Y1 πr2 Y2 πr1 Y F2 L 2
2
∴ A = 7.720 × 10−2 mm
L r2 L ⎛r ⎞
= 1 22 = 1 × ⎜ 2 ⎟
L2 r1 L 2 ⎝ r1 ⎠ mgL
6. A=
= 2 × (2) 2 πr 2 Y
3 × 9.8 × 5.06
=8 =
3.14 × (2.3 × 10 −3 ) 2 × 2.131× 1011
A1
∴ =8:1 ∴ A = 4.2027 × 10−5 m ≈ 4.203 × 10−5 m
A2

1
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XII Sci.: Physics Numericals

7. Side = 5 mm = 5 × 10−2 m Using,

x = 0.65 cm = 0.65 × 10−2 m F/4 L
A= × we get,
∴ A = (5 × 10−2) m2 = 25 × 10−4 m2 A Y
F = 0.25 N F/4 L
F A= ×
Shearing stress = πd 2 Y
A 50 × 9.8 / 4 3
0.25 = ×
= −4
= 100 N/m2 3.14 × (10 )
−3 2 1.8 × 1011
25 × 10
x 0.65 × 10−2 = 65.021 × 10−5
Shearing strain = = = 0.13 = 6.502 × 10−4 m
L 5 × 10−2
∴ A = 0.65 mm
8. d = 2 mm = 2 × 10−3 m
∴ r = 1 × 10−3 m, 12. K = 3 × 106 N/m2,
mgL dv
Y = % = 0.2%,
πr 2 A v
5 × 9.8 × 1 dp
Y = K = −v
3.14 × (1 × 10−3 )2 × 1× 10−3 dv
= 15.605 × 109 dv 1
∴ = − dp
∴ Y = 1.56 × 1010 N/m2 v K
0.2 1
9. LSt = 5 m, ASt = 3 × 10−5 m2 ∴ = − × dp
100 3 × 106
LCo = 3 m, ACo = 4 × 10−5 m2
−0.2 × 3 × 106
ASt = ACo ; FSt = FCo ∴ dp =
100
FL = −0.6 × 104
Y=
AA = 6 × 103 N/m2 (numerically)
YSt FSt LSt A Co A Co
= × 13. K = 1.25 × 1010 N/m2
YCo ASt A St FCo LCo
dp = 20 atm = 20 × 105 N/m2
LSt A Co 1 atm = 105 N/m2
= ×
LCo ASt dp dv dp
K = − v1 or =− we get,
5 4 × 10−5 dv v k
= ×
3 3 × 10−5 dv 20 × 105
= − = −16 × 10−5
= 20 : 9 v 1.25 × 1010
10. F = 2 × 105 dyne, ∴ = − 0.016
L = A, A = 2 cm2
dv
∴ % ≈ 0.016% (numerically)
v
FL
Y =
AA 1
14. Compressibility =
2 × 105 × A K
= 1
2 ×A =
= 1 × 105 dyne/cm2 3 × 106
1
11. L = 3 m, d = 2 mm = 2 × 10−3 m ∴ = 3.33 ×10−7 m2/N
K
∴ r = 1 × 10−3 m
Y = 1.8 ×1011 Nm2 15. v1 = 100 litre, v2 = 100.5 litre,
M = 50 kg, F = 50 × 9.8 = 490 N ∴ dv = 100.5 − 100 = 0.5 lit
As the load is shared by four wires, Load on dp = 100 atm
each wire = F = mg/4. 1 atm = 1.013 × 105 Pa

2
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 05: Elasticity

dp 19. F = 2100 N, A = 3 × 10−6 m2

K = − v1
dv h = 0.1 m, x = 0.7 mm = 0.7 × 10−3 m
100atm Fh
∴ K = − 100 × η=
0.5 Ax
2100 × 0.1
100 × 1.013 × 105 = = 100 × 109
= −100 × 3 × 10−6 × 0.7 × 10−3
0.5
9 ∴ η = 1 × 1011 N/m2
∴ K = 2.026 × 10 Pa (numerically)
20. Side = 50 cm = 50 × 10−2 m
16. dv = − 0.0098%, dp = 100 atm A = (50 × 10−2)2
dp h = 5 cm = 5 × 10−2 m
K = −v we get,
dv F = 9 × 104 N
dv P η = 5.6 × 109 Pa
= Using,
v K
Fh
dv dp η= we get,
∴ =− Ax
v K
Fh
−0.0098 100 ∴ x=
∴ = − Aη
100 K
9 × 104 × 5 × 10−2
100 × 100 ∴ x=
∴ K= (50 × 10−2 ) 2 × 5.6 × 109
0.0098
∴ x = 3.214 × 10−6 m
∴ K = 1.02 × 106 N/m2
21. Dimensions of plate are,
17. v = 5 lit = 5 × 10−3 m3 10 cm × 10 cm × 1mm
dp = 10 atm ∴ A = 10 cm × 10 cm
= 10 × 1.013 × 105 N/m2 = 10 × 10−2 m × 10 × 10−2 m
1 A = 10−2 m2
= 5 × 10−10 m2/N
K h = 1 mm = 1 × 10−3 m
1 dv 1 x = 1.2 × 10 mm
= − × or ∴ x = 1.2 × 10−6 m
K v dp
η = 5 × 1010 N/m2
1 Fh
dv = × v × dp we get, η=
K Ax
dv = 5 × 10−10 × 5 × 10−3 ×10 × 1.013 × 105 ηAx
∴ F=
∴ dv = 25.325 × 10−7 m3 h
5 × 1010 × 10−2 × 1.2 × 10−6
18. dp = 2.94 × 106 N/m2, F=
v = 1000 cm3 = 1000 × 10−6 m3 1 × 10−3
∴ F = 6 × 105 N
= 10−3 m3
x
K = 6.9 × 1010 N/m2 Shear strain =
h
dp
K = v. 1.2 × 10−6
dv =
10−3
vdp 10−3 × 2.94 × 106 ∴ Shear strain = 1.2 × 10−3
dv = =
K 6.9 × 1010
22. L = 5 m, r = 1 mm = 1 × 10−3 m
29.4 ∴ D = 2 × 10−3 m
= × 102 × 10−10
6.9 ∆r = 1.5 × 10−8 m
= 4.26 × 10−8 m3 ∴ ∆D = 3 × 10−8 m
≈ 4.3 × 10−8 m3 σ = 0.30

3
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XII Sci.: Physics Numericals

Using, 25. η = 0.42 × 1011 N/m2,

∆DL K = 0.21 × 1011 N/m2,
σ= or
DA 9 1 3
= +
∆DL Y K η
A= we get,
Dσ 9 1 3
= +
3 × 10−8 × 5 Y 0.21× 10 11
0.42 × 1011
A=
2 × 10−3 × 0.30 9 × 1011 1 1
∴ = +
= 25 × 10−5 m Y 0.21 0.14
∴ A = 0.25 × 10−3 m 9 × 1011 0.35
∴ =
23. L = 3 cm,
Y 0.21× 0.14
D = 1 mm = 1 × 10−3 m 9 × 0.21 × 0.14 × 1011
∴ Y=
A = 2 mm = 2 × 10−3 m 0.35
∴ Y = 0.756 × 1011
σ = 0.36 ∴ Y = 7.56 × 1010 N/m2
∆D
∆DL 26. Y = 7.1 × 1010 N/m2
σ= D =
A DA K = 7.7 × 1010 N/m2
L 9 1 3
= +
σ DA Y K η
∴ ∆D =
L 9 1 3
− =
0.36 × 1 × 10−3 × 2 × 10−3 7.1 × 1010
7.7 × 1010
η
=
3 9 1 3 × 1010
= 0.24 × 10 −6 ∴ − =
7.1 7.7 η
∴ ∆D = 24 × 10−8 m
3 × 1010
−3 ∴ 1.2676 − 0.1298 =
24. r = 1 mm = 1 × 10 m η
∴ D = 2 × 10−3 m ∴ η = 2.6368 × 10 N/m2
10
M = 31.4 kg Using,
Y = 9 × 1010 N/m2, σ = 0.36 3K − 2η
Using, σ = we get,
2η + 9K
MgL
A = 2 and substituting in 3 × 7.7 × 1010 − 2 × 2.6368 × 1010
πr Y σ =
∆D.L 2 × 2.6368 × 1010 + 9 × 7.7 × 1010
σ= we get,
D.A (23.1 − 5.2736) × 1010 17.8264
= =
∆D L (5.2736 + 69.3) × 1010 74.5736
σ= ⋅ ⋅ πr 2 Y
D mgL = 0.239
∆D ⋅ πr 2 Y ∴ σ ≈ 0.24
=
D mg 27. Y = 3K (1 − 2σ)
σ Dmg Y = 3 × 2.5 × 1011 (1 − 2 × 0.4)
∴ ∆D = ∴ Y = 1.5 × 1011 dyne/cm2
πr 2 Y
0.36 × 2 × 10−3 × 31.4 × 9.8 MgL
= 28. Y =
3.14 × (1 × 10−3 ) 2 × 9 × 1010 πr 2 A
∆D = 7.84 × 10−7 10 × 9.8 × 3
=
7.84 3.14 × (0.5 × 10−3 )2 × 3 × 10−3
∴ ∆r = × 10−7
2 = 124.84 × 109
∴ ∆r = 3.92 × 10−7 m ∴ Y = 1.248 × 1011 N/m2
4
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 05: Elasticity

Using, ∴ Stress = Y × Strain

Y = 2η (1 + σ) or = 20 × 109 × 5 × 10−8
Y = 10 × 102 N/m2
η= we get,
2(1 + σ)
33. ρ = 7800 kg/m3,
1.248 × 10
11
m = 16 g = 16 × 10−3 kg,
η= = 0.4952 × 1011
2(1 + 0.26) L = 250 cm = 2.5 m
= 4.952 × 1010 N/m2 A = 1.2 mm = 1.2 × 10−3 m,
∴ η ≈ 5 × 1010 N/m2 F = 80 N
A 0.1 FL Volume
29. = 0.1% = , Y= and A =
L 100 AA L
1 FL × ρ × L FρL2
u = × Y × (strain)2 Y= =
L m×A mA
1 ⎛ 0.1 ⎞
2 80 × 7800 × (2.5) 2
u = × 1.1 × 1011 × ⎜ =
⎟ 16 × 10−3 × 1.2 × 10−3
2 ⎝ 100 ⎠
= 2.031 × 1011 N/m2
∴ u = 5.5 × 104 J
Using,
30. L = 1.6 m, A = 1.61 − 1.6 = 0.01 m 1
U = × FA we get,
Stress = 2 × 102 N/m2 2
1 1
u = × stress × strain = × 80 × 1.2 × 10−3
2 2
1 0.01 ∴ U = 4.8 × 10−2 J
= × 2 × 102 ×
2 1.5 Hints to Multiple Choice Questions
∴ u = 0.67 J/m3
1. Load bearing capacity of a wire is independent
31. For the two cases, of its length.
M1 = 2 kg, M2 = 7 kg,
l1 = 0.5 mm = 0.5 × 10−3 m, A 3
2. Longitudinal strain = = = 0.01
l2 = 1 mm = 1 × 10−3 m, g = 9.8 m/s2 L 300
Using, ∆L 0.6 × 10−3
1 3. Shear strain θ = =
Work = Mgl L 60 × 10−2
2
6 × 10−4
W = W2 − W1 = = 10−3 = 0.001 rad.
6 × 10−1
1
= (M2 l2 − M1 l2)g
2 F 10
4. Stress = = = 1000 N/m2
1 A 15 × 8 × 10−4
= (7 × 1 ×10−3 −2 × 0.5 × 10−3) × 9.8
2
FL FL
= 29.4 × 10−3 5. From, Y = ; ∆l =
A∆l AY
∴ W = 2.94 × 10−2 J
Increase in length on heating,
1 ∆l = αl ∆θ
32. u= × Y × (Strain)2
2 When the bar is permitted neither to expand
2u 2 × 2.5 × 10−5 nor to bend, then
∴ (Strain)2 = = FL
Y 20 × 109 ∆l = = αl ∆θ
= 0.25 × 10−14 AY
∴ Strain = 0.5 ×10−7 or F = A Y α ∆θ
= 5 × 10−8 = 1 × 1012 × 10−5 × 100
= 0.5 × 10−7 = 109 dyne

5
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XII Sci.: Physics Numericals

T L T 1
6. Y= or 2 = constant 13. Compressibility = = 5 × 10−10
πr A
2
r K
T1 T2 T2 ⎛ r2 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
2 2 dv
= 2 or = ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ =
r12 r2 T1 ⎝ r1 ⎠ ⎝ 1 ⎠ dp × v
∴ dv = 5 × 10−10 × 8 × 105 × (10 × 103 cc)
= T2 = 4T1 = 4 × 500 = 2000 N
= 4 cc
7. Breaking force ∝ area of cross section
dp dv
F1 A1 200 A 14. K= or dp = K
= or = 1 dv / v v
F2 A 2 F2 2A1
14.7 × 10 × 0.3
8
4.5 × 107
F2 = 400 kg-wt hρg = =
100 × 9.8 × 103 105
Fl ∆l A = 450 m
8. Y= or F = YA or F ∝
A∆l l l 15. Here, ∆P = (1.230 × 105 − 1.02 × 105)
2
F1 A1 l2 r1 l2 (2) 1 2
= 0.21 × 105 Pa
∴ = × = × = × =1:1
F2 A 2 l1 r22 l1 12 4 ∆v/v = 15/100 = 0.15
∆p 0.21 × 105
9. Y = stress required to double the length Bulk modulus = =
∆v / v 0.15
of a wire 5
= 1.4 × 10 Pa
F 2.4 × 107
= 2= = 1.0 × 1011 N/m2 − Fv
πr 2.4 × 107 16. Bulk modulus K =
A∆v
MgL F K∆v
10. Y = P= = −
πr 2 e A v
6.28 × 10 × 1 0.002
= = (2100 × 103) ×
3.14 × (10−4 )2 × 10−3 400
= 2 × 1012 N/m2 = 10.5 kPa

Stress F/A F 1 dv
11. Y= = = 17. Compressibility = =
Strain Strain A × Strain K vdp
F 104 ∴ dv = vdp C
∴ A= = 4 × 10−5
Y × Strain 7 × 109 × 0.3 = 200 × 10−6 × 50 × 105 ×
100 105
10 4 = 0.4 × 10−6 m3 = 0.4 cm3
= = 4.7 × 10−4 m2
2.1 × 107 x 6 × 10−3
18. θ= = = 3 × 10−2
12. Here, l = 4m = 400 cm, 2r = 5 mm or L 0.2
r = 2.5 mm = 0.25 cm F 1400
∴ η= =
F = 5 kg.wt = 5000 g.wt = 5000 × 980 dyne, Aθ 2 × 10−6 × 3 × 10−2
Y = 2.4 × 1012 dyne/cm−2 = 233.33 × 108 N/m2
F l ≈ 230 × 108 N/m2
Y= 2×
πr ∆l 19. ∆A = 0.65 cm = 0.65 × 10−2 M,
Fl
∴ ∆l = 2 A = 5 cm = 5 × 10−2 m, F = 0.26 N,
πr Y
(5000 × 980) × 400 F 0.26
= η= =
(22 / 7) × (0.25) 2 × 2.4 × 1012 ∆A × A 0.65 × 10−2 × 5 × 10−2
= 0.08 × 104 N/m2
= 0.0041 cm
= 800 N/m2
6
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 05: Elasticity

Shearing stress 28. Y = 3K (1 − 20)

20. Modulus of rigidity η =
Shearing strain = 3 × 2.0 × 1011 (1 − 2 × 0.3)
F F = 6 × 1011 × 0.4 = 2.4 × 1011 dyne/cm2
Hence, shearing stress = = 2
A l 29. Y = 2 × 1010 N/m2
4 0.06
= = 1600 Nm2 Strain = 0.04% =
(5 × 10−2 ) 2 100
∆l 0.1 Energy per unit volume
Shearing strain = = = 0.02 1
l 6 = × Y × ( Strain )
2

1600 2
∴ η= = 80000 Nm−2 = 8 × 104 Nm−2. 2
0.02 1 ⎛ 0.04 ⎞
= × 2 × 1010 × ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ 100 ⎠
Y 2.2η
21. σ= −1 = − 1 = 1.1 − 1.0 = 0.1 = 1010 × 1.6 × 10−7 = 1600 joule/metre3
2η 2η
1 YAx 2
δL 30. W=
22. Lateral Strain = σ 2 L
L
1 2 × 1011 × 1 × 10−6 × 3 × 3 × 10−6
0.25 × 0.2 × 10−2 = × = 0.3 J
= = 2.5 × 10−4 2 3
2

δL 6 1 A2
23. = = 6 × 10−4 31. W= YA
L 100 × 100 2 L
2 2
δD δL 1 W1 r12 A12 L 2 ⎛ r ⎞ ⎛ 0.1 ⎞ ⎛ L ⎞ 1
∴ = σ = × 6 × 10−4 = 3 × 10−4 = ⋅ ⋅ = ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟=
D L 2 W2 r22 A 22 L1 ⎝ 2r ⎠ ⎝ 0.1 ⎠ ⎝ 2L ⎠ 8
δD 0.03 W2 = 8 W1 = 16 J.
∴ = = 0.03 %
D 100
FL FL
32. As Y = = 2 ,
1 3 9 AA πr A
24. + =
K η Y FL
r2∆L = = constant
1 3 9 πY
∴ + =
K 3K Y r12 A1 = r22 A2
2 9 2
A
= ⎛ r ⎞
K Y A2 = ⎜ ⎟ A1 = 1
⎝ 2r ⎠ 4
9K
∴ Y= = 4.5 K 1
2 E = Energy/Volume = Y (strain)2
2
2
1⎛ Y ⎞ 1 ⎛ 1.5 ×1011 ⎞ 1 E ⎛A ⎞ ⎛1⎞ 1
2
25. σ= ⎜ 1 − ⎟ = ⎜1 − ⎟= = 0.25 2
E ∝ (∆L) or 2 = ⎜ 2 ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ =
2 ⎝ 3K ⎠ 2 ⎝ 3 ×1011 ⎠ 4 E1 ⎝ A 1 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ 16
F L E1 : E2 :: 16 : 1.
26. η= ×
A ∆L 33. Elastic energy per unit volume,
8 × 104 × 0.25 1 F2 l
= = 13.33×109 N m−2 U = F∆l =
(0.25 × 0.05)(0.12 × 10−3 ) 2 2AY
Y = 3 η = 3 × 13.33 × 109= 4 × 10 N m
10 −2. 1
∴ U ∝ 2 (F and Y are constants)
r
27. Y = 2η (1 + σ) 2 2
U A ⎡ lA ⎤ ⎛ rB ⎞ ⎛1⎞ 3
Y 5 10 ∴ = ⎢ ⎥ ⎜ ⎟ = (3) × ⎜ ⎟ =
= 2(1 + σ) = 2(1 + 2/3) = 2 × = U B ⎣ lB ⎦ ⎝ rA ⎠ ⎝2⎠ 4
η 3 3