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Sample records for natural dye extraction

« 1 2 3 4 5 »

1. Experimental Researches Regarding the Ecological

Dyeing with Natural Extracts

Budeanu Ramona

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The concept of ‘environmental

awareness’ has recently had a major impact on
the textile industry and on the fashion world as well.
In this context, the use of natural fibres and the
development of natural dyeing processes gradually
became important goals of the textile industry. Of
all natural textile fibres, hemp is considered to be
one of the strongest and most durable. A wide
range of natural extracts have been used for natural
textile coloration and dyeing. Dyes deriving from
natural sources have emerged as an important
alternative to synthetic dyes. Ecofriendly, nontoxic,
sustainable and renewable natural dyes and
pigments have been used for colouring the food
substrate, leather, wood, natural fibres and fabrics
from the dawn of human history. The purpose of the
research is to obtain ecologically coloured fabrics
for textiles by using a method of dyeing that relies
on natural ingredients extracted from red beet,
onion leaves and black tea. The experiments are
conducted on three different types of hemp fabrics.
This paper presents the results of the studies
regarding the dyeing process of hemp fabrics with
natural extracts, the colours of the dyed samples
inspected with reflectance spectra and the CIE
L*a*b* colour space measurements.

2. Natural red dyes extraction on roselle petals

Inggrid, H. M.; Jaka; Santoso, H.

2016-11-01

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) has a high quantity

of anthocyanin pigment and is a good colorant. The
anthocyanin pigment can be used as a natural
colorant and antioxidant. An antioxidant is an
organic compound that has the ability to inhibit free
radical reactions in the human body. The objective
of this research is to study the effect of pH and
temperature on total anthocyanin and antioxidant
activity in roselle extract, and to evaluate the effect
of temperature and sunlight on the stability of the
red color from roselle. Dried roselle petals were
extracted with solid liquid extraction method using
water as solvent. The variables in this study are
temperature (5°C, 30°C, and 55°C) and pH (2,
7, and 12). Total anthocyanin was analysed using
the pH differential method. The antioxidant
activities were determined using the DPPH method.
The highest total anthocyanin in the roselle petals
was 80.4 mg/L at a temperature of 5°C and pH 2.
The highest antioxidant activity and yield content in
the roselle were 90.4% and 71.6 % respectively,
obtained at 55°C and pH 2.

3. Dye-sensitized solar cell using natural dyes

extracted from spinach and ipomoea

Chang, H., E-mail: f10381@ntut.edu.t [Department

of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, No. 1. Sec. 3, Chung-
Hsiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan (China); Wu,
H.M. [Department of Materials Engineering, Tatung
University, No. 40, Sec. 3, Jhongshan N. Rd.
Jhongshan District, Taipei City 104, Taiwan (China);
Chen, T.L. [Department of Industrial Design,
National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec.
3, Chung-Hsiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan
(China); Huang, K.D. [Department of Vehicle
Engineering, National Taipei University of
Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao E. Rd.,
Taipei 10608, Taiwan (China); Jwo, C.S.
[Department of Energy and Air-Conditioning
Refrigeration Engineering, National Taipei University
of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao E. Rd.,
Taipei 10608, Taiwan (China); Lo, Y.J. [Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, No. 1. Sec. 3, Chung-
Hsiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan (China)

2010-04-16

This study used spinach extract, ipomoea leaf

extract and their mixed extracts as the natural dyes
for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Spinach and
ipomoea leaves were first placed separately in
ethanol and the chlorophyll of these two kinds of
plants was extracted to serve as the natural dyes
for using in DSSCs. In addition, the self-developed
nanofluid synthesis system prepared a TiO{sub 2}
nanofluid with an average particle size of 50 nm.
Electrophoresis deposition was performed to let the
TiO{sub 2} deposit nanoparticles on the indium tin
oxide (ITO) conductive glass, forming a TiO{sub 2}
thin film with the thickness of 11.61 {mu}m. This
TiO{sub 2} thin film underwent sintering at 450 {sup
o}C to enhance the compactness of thin film.
Finally, the sintered TiO{sub 2} thin film was
immersed in the natural dye solutions extracted
from spinach and ipomoea leaves, completing the
production of the anode of DSSC. This study then
further inspected the fill factor, photoelectric
conversion efficiency and incident photon current
efficiency of the encapsulated DSSC. According to
the experimental results of current-voltage curve,
the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the
DSSCs prepared by natural dyes from ipomoea leaf
extract is 0.318% under extraction temperature of
50 {sup o}C and pH value of extraction fluid at 1.0.
This paper also investigated the influence of the
temperature in the extraction process of this kind of
natural dye and the influence of pH value of the dye
solution on the UV-VIS patterns absorption spectra
of the prepared natural dye solutions, and the
influence of these two factors on the photoelectric
conversion efficiency of DSSC.

4. Extracting natural dyes from wool--an evaluation of

extraction methods.

Manhita, Ana; Ferreira, Teresa; Candeias, António;

Dias, Cristina Barrocas

2011-05-01

The efficiency of eight different procedures used for

the extraction of natural dyes was evaluated using
contemporary wool samples dyed with cochineal,
madder, woad, weld, brazilwood and logwood.
Comparison was made based on the LC-DAD peak
areas of the natural dye's main components which
had been extracted from the wool samples. Among
the tested methods, an extraction procedure with
Na(2)EDTA in water/DMF (1:1, v/v) proved to be the
most suitable for the extraction of the studied dyes,
which presented a wide range of chemical
structures. The identification of the natural dyes
used in the making of an eighteenth century
Arraiolos carpet was possible using the
Na(2)EDTA/DMF extraction of the wool embroidery
samples and an LC-DAD-MS methodology. The
effectiveness of the Na(2)EDTA/DMF extraction
method was particularly observed in the extraction
of weld dye components. Nine flavone derivatives
previously identified in weld extracts could be
identified in a single historical sample, confirming
the use of this natural dye in the making of Arraiolos
carpets. Indigo and brazilwood were also identified
in the samples, and despite the fact that these
natural dyes were referred in the historical recipes
of Arraiolos dyeing, it is the first time that the use of
brazilwood is confirmed. Mordant analysis by ICP-
MS identified the widespread use of alum in the
dyeing process, but in some samples with darker
hues, high amounts of iron were found instead.

5. Dye-sensitized solar cells with natural dyes

extracted from achiote seeds

Gomez-Ortiz, N.M.; Vazquez-Maldonado, I.A.;

Azamar-Barrios, J.A.; Oskam, G. [Departamento de
Fisica Aplicada, CINVESTAV-IPN, Merida, Yuc.
97310 (Mexico); Perez-Espadas, A.R.; Mena-Rejon,
G.J. [Laboratorio de Quimica Organica de
Investigacion, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad
Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yuc. 97150 (Mexico)

2010-01-15

We have explored the application of natural dyes

extracted from the seeds of the achiote shrub (Bixa
orellana L.) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The
main pigments are bixin and norbixin, which were
obtained by separation and purification from the
dark-red extract (annatto). The dyes were
characterized using {sup 1}H-NMR, FTIR
spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Solar
cells were prepared using TiO{sub 2} and ZnO
nanostructured, mesoporous films and the annatto,
bixin, and norbixin as sensitizers. The best results
were obtained with bixin-sensitized TiO{sub 2} solar
cells with efficiencies of up to 0.53%, illustrating the
importance of purification of dyes from natural
extracts. (author)

6. Effect of dye extracting solvents and sensitization

time on photovoltaic performance of natural dye
sensitized solar cells

Md. Khalid Hossain

Full Text Available In this study, natural dye

sensitizer based solar cells were successfully
fabricated and photovoltaic performance was
measured. Sensitizer (turmeric sources, dye
extraction process, and photoanode sensitization
time of the fabricated cells were analyzed and
optimized. Dry turmeric, verdant turmeric, and
powder turmeric were used as dye sources. Five
distinct types of solvents were used for extraction
of natural dye from turmeric. Dyes were
characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometric
analysis. The extracted turmeric dye was used as a
sensitizer in the dye sensitized solar cell’s
(DSSC photoanode assembly. Nano-crystalline
TiO2 was used as a film coating semiconductor
material of the photoanode. TiO2 films on ITO glass
substrate were prepared by simple doctor blade
technique. The influence of the different parameters
VOC, JSC, power density, FF, and η% on the
photovoltaic characteristics of DSSCs was
analyzed. The best energy conversion performance
was obtained for 2Â h adsorption time of dye on
TiO2 nano-porous surface with ethanol extracted
dye from dry turmeric. Keywords: DSSC, Natural
dye, TiO2 photoanode, Dye extracting solvent, Dye-
adsorption time

7. Ultrasound assisted enhancement in natural dye

extraction from beetroot for industrial applications
and natural dyeing of leather.

Sivakumar, Venkatasubramanian; Anna, J Lakshmi;

Vijayeeswarri, J; Swaminathan, G

2009-08-01

There is a growing demand for eco-friendly/non-

toxic colorants, specifically for health sensitive
applications such as coloration of food and dyeing
of child textile/leather garments. Recently, dyes
derived from natural sources for these applications
have emerged as an important alternative to
potentially harmful synthetic dyes and pose need
for suitable effective extraction methodologies. The
present paper focus on the influence of process
parameters for ultrasound assisted leaching of
coloring matter from plant materials. In the present
work, extraction of natural dye from beetroot using
ultrasound has been studied and compared with
static/magnetic stirring as a control process at 45
degrees C. The influence of process parameters on
the extraction efficiency such as ultrasonic output
power, time, pulse mode, effect of solvent system
and amount of beetroot has been studied. The use
of ultrasound is found to have significant
improvement in the extraction efficiency of colorant
obtained from beetroot. Based on the experiments
it has been found that a mixture of 1:1 ethanol-
water with 80W ultrasonic power for 3h contact
time provided better yield and extraction efficiency.
Pulse mode operation may be useful in reducing
electrical energy consumption in the extraction
process. The effect of the amount of beetroot used
in relation to extraction efficiency has also been
studied. Two-stage extraction has been studied and
found to be beneficial for improving the yield for
higher amounts of beetroot. Significant 8%
enhancement in % yield of colorant has been
achieved with ultrasound, 80W as compared to MS
process both using 1:1 ethanol-water. The coloring
ability of extracted beet dye has been tested on
substrates such as leather and paper and found to
be suitable for dyeing. Ultrasound is also found to
be beneficial in natural dyeing of leather with
improved rate of exhaustion. Both the dyed
substrates have better color values for ultrasonic
beet extract as inferred from

8. Photoelectric characterization of fabricated dye-

sensitized solar cell using dye extracted from red
Siahkooti fruit as natural sensitizer

Mozaffari, Sayed Ahmad; Saeidi, Mahsa;

Rahmanian, Reza

2015-05-01

Natural dye extracted from Siahkooti fruit

with/without purification by solid phase extraction
(SPE) technique was used in the fabrication of
DSSC as natural sensitizer. The UV-Vis absorption
spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
were employed to indicate the presence of
anthocyanins in the fruit of red Siahkooti. The
photoelectrochemical performance and the
efficiency of assembled DSSC using Siahkooti fruit
dye extract were evaluated and efficiency
enhancement was obtained by a preliminary
purification of extracted dye. The efficiency and fill
factor of the DSSC using purified Siahkooti fruit dye
were 0.32% and 0.73%, respectively. The results
successfully showed that the DSSC, using
Siahkooti fruit extract as a dye sensitizer, is useful
for the preparation of environmentally friendly, low-
cost, renewable and clean sources of energy.

9. Effect of dye extracting solvents and sensitization

time on photovoltaic performance of natural dye
sensitized solar cells

Hossain, Md. Khalid; Pervez, M. Firoz; Mia, M. N.

H.; Mortuza, A. A.; Rahaman, M. S.; Karim, M. R.;
Islam, Jahid M. M.; Ahmed, Farid; Khan, Mubarak
A.

In this study, natural dye sensitizer based solar cells

were successfully fabricated and photovoltaic
performance was measured. Sensitizer (turmeric)
sources, dye extraction process, and photoanode
sensitization time of the fabricated cells were
analyzed and optimized. Dry turmeric, verdant
turmeric, and powder turmeric were used as dye
sources. Five distinct types of solvents were used
for extraction of natural dye from turmeric. Dyes
were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometric
analysis. The extracted turmeric dye was used as a
sensitizer in the dye sensitized solar cell's (DSSC)
photoanode assembly. Nano-crystalline TiO2 was
used as a film coating semiconductor material of
the photoanode. TiO2 films on ITO glass substrate
were prepared by simple doctor blade technique.
The influence of the different parameters VOC, JSC,
power density, FF, and η% on the photovoltaic
characteristics of DSSCs was analyzed. The best
energy conversion performance was obtained for 2
h adsorption time of dye on TiO2 nano-porous
surface with ethanol extracted dye from dry
turmeric.

10. A Note on the Dyeing of Wool Fabrics Using Natural

Dyes Extracted from Rotten Wood-Inhabiting Fungi

Vicente A. Hernández

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Fungal isolates obtained from

rotten wood samples were identified and selected
by their ability to produce fungal dyes in liquid
media. Fungal isolates produced natural
extracellular dyes with colors ranging from red to
orange, yellow and purple. Dyes from two of these
fungi, Talaromyces australis (red and Penicillium
murcianum (yellow, were extracted and used to dye
wool samples in a Data Color Ahiba IR Pro-Trade
(model Top Speed II machine. The protein nature of
wool interacted well with the fungal dyes producing
colors suitable for textile applications when used to
a concentration of 0.1 g·L−1. Results on color
fastness when washing confirmed the affinity of the
dyes with wool as the dyed samples kept their color
in acceptable ranges after washing, without the
implementation of mordanting pretreatments or the
use of fixing agents.

11. Extraction and Characterization of Natural Dye from

Green Walnut Shells and Its Use in Dyeing
Polyamide: Focus on Antibacterial Properties

Mohammad Mirjalili

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Extraction of dyes from walnut

using Soxhlet apparatus has been studied. The
color components extracted and isolated from
walnut shells were characterized by column
chromatography, thin layer chromatography (TLC,
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR, mass
spectroscopy (MS, and infrared (IR techniques.
Natural dye extract obtained from the walnut was
used in dyeing polyamide fabrics with different
mordants. The dyed fabrics were evaluated for
antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains of
Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-
negative (Escherichia coli bacteria. As such, the
relationship between antibacterial activity and dye
concentration is investigated. Durability of
antibacterial activity to laundering is also
discussed. Results indicate that the polyamide
dyed with walnut displayed excellent antibacterial
activity in the presence of ferric sulfate, cupric
sulfate, and potassium aluminum sulfate and
exhibited good and durable fastness properties.

12. Dyeing of γ-irradiated cotton with natural flavonoid

dye extracted from irradiated onion shells (Allium
cepa) powder

Rehman, Fazal-ur; Adeel, Shahid; Shahid,

Muhammad; Bhatti, Ijaz Ahmad; Nasir, Faiza;
Akhtar, Nasim; Ahmad, Zulfiqar

2013-01-01

Powder of Onion shells as a source of natural

flavonoid dye (Quercetin) and cotton fabrics were
exposed to absorbed doses of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10
kGy using Cs-137 gamma irradiator. Irradiated and
un-irradiated dye powder was used for extraction of
quercetin as well as antibacterial, hemolytic and
antioxidant activities were also determined to
observe the effect of radiation. Furthermore, color
strength and colourfastness of irradiated fabrics
were improved by using pre and post-mordants
such as alum and iron. It is found that 4 kGy is the
optimal absorbed dose for extraction of natural
quercetin extracted from onion shells while
maximum color strength and acceptable fastness
properties are obtained on dyeing of irradiated
fabric at 60 °C keeping M:L of 1:30 using 10%
alum as pre-mordant and 6% alum as post-
mordant. Gamma irradiation has not only improved
the color strength of the dye using irradiated cotton
but also that of colourfastness properties. -
Highlights: • The optimal absorbed dose
obtained for surface modification of cotton (RC) is 4
kGy. • The optimal absorbed dose for extraction
of colorant from onion shell powder (RP) is 4 kGy.
• Optimum dying conditions: 60 °C, 1 30 as
M:L. • Optimum pre-mordant 10% alum and 6%
alum as post-mordant. • At these optimum
conditions: color strength and fastness properties
are improved

13. Dyeing of γ-irradiated cotton with natural flavonoid

dye extracted from irradiated onion shells (Allium
cepa) powder

Rehman, Fazal-ur; Adeel, Shahid; Shahid,

Muhammad; Bhatti, Ijaz Ahmad; Nasir, Faiza;
Akhtar, Nasim; Ahmad, Zulfiqar

2013-11-01

Powder of Onion shells as a source of natural

flavonoid dye (Quercetin) and cotton fabrics were
exposed to absorbed doses of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10
kGy using Cs-137 gamma irradiator. Irradiated and
un-irradiated dye powder was used for extraction of
quercetin as well as antibacterial, hemolytic and
antioxidant activities were also determined to
observe the effect of radiation. Furthermore, color
strength and colourfastness of irradiated fabrics
were improved by using pre and post-mordants
such as alum and iron. It is found that 4 kGy is the
optimal absorbed dose for extraction of natural
quercetin extracted from onion shells while
maximum color strength and acceptable fastness
properties are obtained on dyeing of irradiated
fabric at 60 °C keeping M:L of 1:30 using 10%
alum as pre-mordant and 6% alum as post-
mordant. Gamma irradiation has not only improved
the color strength of the dye using irradiated cotton
but also that of colourfastness properties.

14. Ultrasound assisted extraction of natural dye from

jackfruit's wood (Artocarpus heterophyllus): The
effect of ethanol concentration as a solvent

Febriana, Ike Dayi; Gala, Selfina; Mahfud, Mahfud

2017-05-01

Azo dye are synthetic organic dyes which has an

azo group (- N = N -) as chromophore. Azo dye is
resistand to decomposition process and harmfull
for the environment and human being. Natural dye
can be used as substitution of azo dye at textile
industry. Natural dye are eco - friendly and can be
applied for dyeing of fibrous material. Natural dye
can be obtained from natural origin such as leaves,
wood, or roots. The wood of jackfruit (Artocarpus
heterophyllus) can used as natural source of natural
dye. Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) is a new
method that can be used to extract natural dye
from jackfruit's wood. The aim of this research are
to study about influence of ethanol concentration
as solvent and extraction kinetic. Jackfruit's wood
dust from sawmill used for the experimentation
were sifted by sieve 35 mesh. Ethanol 96% used as
solvent of this experiment and varied the
concentration in volume to volume ratio (v/v).
Experiment were carried out from 20 to 50 minutes.
The result of this experiment shows that ethanol
concentration influenced yield of extraction from
jackfruit's wood. Concentration of ethanol will be
affected polarity of solvent. The Peleg model was
used to describe about kinetic model of natural dye
extraction. Value of k1 and k2 constant are
0.003835 and 0.04186 respectively.

15. Green dyeing process of modified cotton fibres

using natural dyes extracted from Tamarix aphylla
(L.) Karst. leaves.

Baaka, Noureddine; Mahfoudhi, Adel; Haddar,

Wafa; Mhenni, Mohamed Farouk; Mighri, Zine

2017-01-01

This research work involves an eco-friendly dyeing

process of modified cotton with the aqueous
extract of Tamarix aphylla leaves. During this
process, the dyeing step was carried out on
modified cotton by several cationising agents in
order to improve its dyeability. The influence of the
main dyeing conditions (dye bath pH, dyeing time,
dyeing temperature, salt addition) on the
performances of this dyeing process were studied.
The dyeing performances of this process were
appreciated by measuring the colour yield (K/S) and
the fastness properties of the dyed samples. The
effect of mordant type with different mordanting
methods on dyeing quality was also studied. The
results showed that mordanting gave deeper
shades and enhanced fastness properties. In
addition, environmental indicators (BOD 5 , COD
and COD/BOD 5 ) were used to describe potential
improvements in the biodegradability of the
dyebath wastewater. Further, HPLC was used to
identify the major phenolic compounds in the
extracted dye.

16. Dye-sensitized solar cells using Aloe Vera and

Cladode of Cactus extracts as natural sensitizers

Ganta, D.; Jara, J.; Villanueva, R.

2017-07-01

The purpose of this study is to develop dye-

sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) from natural plant-
based dyes, extracted from the Cladode (nopal) of
the Thornless Prickly Pear Cactus (Opuntia ficus-
indica), the gel of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis
miller), and the combination of Cladode and Aloe
Vera extracts on side-by-side configuration. Optical
properties were analyzed using UV-Vis Absorption
and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Open
circuit voltages (Voc) varied from 0.440 to 0.676 V,
fill factors (FF) were greater than 40%, short-circuit
photocurrent densities (Jsc) ranged from 0.112 to
0.290 mA/cm2 and highest conversion efficiency of
0.740% was reported for the Cladode DSSC.

17. Use of grape seed and its natural polyphenol

extracts as a natural organic coagulant for removal
of cationic dyes.

Jeon, Jong-Rok; Kim, Eun-Ju; Kim, Young-Mo;

Murugesan, Kumarasamy; Kim, Jae-Hwan; Chang,
Yoon-Seok

2009-11-01

Natural organic coagulants (NOCs) such as

chitosan and Moringa oleifera seeds have been
extensively characterized for potential application in
water treatment as an alternative to metal-based
coagulants. However, the action of both chitosan
and M. oleifera seeds is mainly restricted to anionic
organic pollutants because of their cationic
functional groups affording poor cationic pollutant
coagulation by electrostatic repulsion. In this study,
we employed ethanolic grape seed extract (GSE)
and grape seed-derived polyphenols such as tannic
acid and catechin in an effort to find novel NOCs
showing stable anionic forms for removal of
cationic organic pollutants. The target substances
tested were malachite green (MG) and crystal violet
(CV), both mutagenic cationic dyes. Polyphenol
treatment induced fast decolorization followed by
gradual floc formation concomitant with red or blue
shifts in maximum absorbance wavelengths of the
cationic dyes. Liquid chromatography analysis of
flocs formed by polyphenols directly showed that
initial supramolecular complexes attributed mainly
to electrostatic attraction between polyphenol
hydroxyphenyl groups and cationic dyes further
progressed into stronger aggregates, leading to
precipitation of dye-polyphenol complexes.
Consistent with the results obtained using catechin
and tannic acid, use of GSE also resulted in
effective decolorization and coagulation of soluble
MG and CV in aqueous solutions. Screening of
several organic GSE components for NOC activity
strongly suggested that natural polyphenols are the
main organic ingredients causing MG and CV
removal via gradual floc formation. The treatment
by natural polyphenols and GSE decreased toxicity
of MG- or CV-contaminated water.

18. Dye-sensitized solar cells using natural dye as light-

harvesting materials extracted from Acanthus sennii
chiovenda flower and Euphorbia cotinifolia leaf

Wuletaw Andargie Ayalew

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Natural dyes are environmentally

and economically superior to ruthenium-based
dyes because they are nontoxic and cheap. In this
study, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs were
fabricated using natural dyes light harvesting
materials. The natural dyes were extracted from
Acanthus sennii chiovenda flower and Euphorbia
cotinifolia leaf. In the as-prepared DSSC, a quasi-
solid state electrolyte was sandwiched between the
working electrode (photoanode and counter
electrode (PEDOT-coated FTO glass. The
photoelectrochemical performance of the as-
prepared quasi-solid state DSSCs showed open-
circuit voltages (VOC varied from 0.475 to 0.507Â V,
the short-circuit current densities (JSC ranged from
0.352 to 0.642 mA cm−2 and the fill factors (FF
varied from 47 to 60% at 100 mWcm−2 light
intensity. The dye extracted from A. sennii
chiovenda flower, using acidified ethanol (in 1% HCl
as extracting solvent, exhibited best conversion
efficiency with a maximum open-circuit voltage
(VOC of 0.507Â V, short-circuit current density (JSC
of 0.491 mA cm−2, fill factor (FF of 0.60 and an
overall conversion efficiency (η of 0.15%. On the
other hand, the maximum power conversion
efficiency of the dye extracted from E. cotinifolia
leaf was 0.136%. This is the first study that reports
the fabrication of DSSC using natural dye
sensitizers extracted from these plants in the
presence of quasi-solid state electrolyte and
PEDOT as a counter electrode.

19. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus lamk) wood

waste as a textile natural dye by micowave-
assisted extraction method

Qadariyah, Lailatul; Gala, Selfina; Widoretno,

Dhaniar Rulandri; Kunhermanti, Delita; Bhuana,
Donny S.; Sumarno, Mahfud, Mahfud

2017-05-01

The development of technology causes most of

textile industries in Indonesia prefer to use synthetic
dyes in the fabric dyeing process. In fact, synthetic
dyes is able to have negative effect since it is is
toxic to the health of workers and environment. To
resolve this issues, one way to do is to use natural
dyes. One of untapped potential in Indonesia is
wood waste of jackfruit from furniture industry.
Jackfruit wood itself containing dyestuffs which
gives yellow color pigment so that it can be used as
an alternative source of natural dyes. The purpose
of this research is to study the effect of extraction
time, mass to solvent volume ratio, and microwave
power to yield of dyes. The extract of dye analyzed
by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and GC-MS,
along the coloring and endurance tests of natural
dyes on fabric and compare it with synthetic dyes.
In this research, material is going to be extracted is
the wood of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus
lamk) with material size between 35 mesh - 60
mesh. The extraction process is done by using
ethanol 96%. Extraction using MAE is carried out at
the ratio of materials to solvent of 0,02-0,1 g/mL,
the microwave power of 100-800 Watt, and the
extraction time of 10-90 minutes. The conclusion is
at microwave power of 400 Watt, material to
solvent ratio of the 0,02 g/mL, the yield is 3,39%
while at microwave power of 600 Watt, material to
solvent ratio of the 0,02 g/mL, the yield is 3,67%
with extraction time of 30 minutes. The highest
recovery from ethanol 96% solvent is 60,41%. The
result of UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and GC-MS
test show that there is a chromophore compound in
the extract of natural dye. The test results show the
natural dyes of jackfruit wood can be used to
coloring on the textile because it can gives staining
result permanently.

20. Extraction of dye

Dyes of natural origins are great for color

appreciation as any variation in the concentration of
dye, mordant, type of water, soil and climate give
variations in ... Grey scale and blue dyed silk were
used for color fastness rating. ..... Down to Earth.

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