UNIT TEST 8 ● ANSWER KEY
Vocabulary and Grammar
Group A
Vocabulary
Exercise 1
1 robber: A robber is someone who robs a person or
places like a bank. The crime is called robbery.
2 burglar: A burglar is someone who steals from people’s
homes, or other buildings. The crime is called burglary.
3 mugger: A mugger mugs people – attacks people in the
street in order to steal their things, like bags and money.
The crime is called mugging.
4 pirate: A pirate attacks and gets on board ships to take
their things. Pirates often operate in gangs. The crime is
called piracy. But if you copy music or films illegally and
then sell them, this is also piracy.
5 vandal: A vandal is someone who deliberately damages
property, such as public buildings. The crime is called
vandalism.
Exercise 2
1 suspect: A suspect is someone who might have
committed a crime. The police have to arrest them and
then send them to court if there is enough evidence.
2 prison: If someone is found guilty, they may have to go to
prison as punishment.
3 witness: If you see a crime happen in the street, for
example, you are a witness to the crime.
4 guilty: If someone is found guilty, it means the court has
decided that they committed the crime.
5 judge: The judge is the person who decides what the
guilty person’s punishment will be. They may have to
pay some money – a fine – or if the crime is serious,
they may have to go to prison.
Exercise 3
1 dealing: If you’re a drug dealer, it means you sell illegal
drugs to other people.
2 set: You set fire to a building if you deliberately make a
fire and burn it. The crime is called arson.
3 tell: You tell the truth in court.
4 report: You report a crime to the police – you tell them
that you saw a crime taking place.
5 stole: A thief steals objects like a purse.
Exercise 4
1 discrimination: Discrimination is the noun form of the verb
discriminate. Racial discrimination is when you
discriminate against someone – treat them differently
and unfairly – because of their race.
2 Slavery: Slavery is a second noun form derived from the
word slave. Slavery is keeping someone against their
will to do work. Slavery completely takes away a slave’s
freedom.
3 robbery: Robbery is the noun form of the verb rob.
Robbery is committed by robbers, for example at a bank
© 2016 Pearson FOCUS 2 PHOTOCOPIABLE
or a jeweller’s shop, when money and jewels are stolen.
A robbery can also involve the use of weapons.
4 burglary: Burglary is the noun form of the verb burgle. A
burglary can be in someone’s house or an office
building, for example. A burglar comes in and steals
things.
5 assassination: Assassination is the noun form of the verb
assassinate. One of the most famous assassinations
was that of President Kennedy in the US. He was
assassinated – illegally killed – in the street.
Grammar
Exercise 5
1 had stopped: We use the past perfect to show that the
buses had stopped before the writer tried to get home
on one.
2 rained: We use the past simple because the writer is
telling the sequence of events – telling the story about
what happened. There is no need to show that one
event clearly happened before another.
3 walked: The writer is continuing the sequence of events
in the past simple – I walked into the kitchen.
4 made: The writer is continuing the sequence of events in
the past simple -... and then I made myself a hot drink.
5 had left: Here we need to use the past perfect to clearly
show that the writer had left his/her bag in the changing
rooms before coming home.
Exercise 6
1 had already left: The bus had left before the person got
to the bus stop.
2 went: The person is describing the sequence of events –
my friend arrived and then we went to the cinema, so
we don’t need the past perfect to show that one thing
clearly happened before another.
3 had never visited: We use the past perfect to show that
the person had never been to Spain before their holiday
visit.
4 saw: The person is describing the sequence of events – I
opened my bag and then I saw that my purse was
missing. So we don’t need the past perfect to show that
one thing clearly happened before another.
5 had switched: Here we use the past perfect to clearly
show that one thing happened before another. The
person’s brother had switched off his phone some time
before he was called.
Exercise 7
1 was going to: Jan’s actual words would be ‘I am going to’
so in reported speech this becomes was going to.
2 didn’t like: Ben’s actual words would be ‘I don’t like coffee
ice cream’ (present simple) so in reported speech it
becomes past simple – he didn’t like.
1
 UNIT TEST 8 ● ANSWER KEY
Vocabulary and Grammar
3 was studying: Kim’s actual words would be ‘I’m studying
hard’. (present continuous) so in reported speech it
becomes past continuous – she was studying hard.
4 had never eaten: Sarah’s actual words would be ‘I’ve
never eaten pizza’ (present perfect) so in reported
speech it becomes past perfect – she had never eaten.
5 was: Paul’s actual words would be ‘I’m tired.’ (present
simple) so in reported speech it becomes past simple –
he was tired.
Exercise 8
1 he couldn’t: The first sentence is present simple – I can’t
swim very well – so in reported speech it becomes past
simple and the pronoun changes from I to he – said that
he couldn’t swim.
2 they weren’t: The first sentence is present simple
negative – we’re not at the cinema – so in reported
speech it becomes past simple negative and we change
the pronoun we to they – said that they weren’t at the
cinema.
3 me (that) he was: The first sentence is present
continuous – I’m working in my office – so in reported
speech it becomes past continuous – he was working.
We also have to add me, as the verb tell needs an
object, and we change the pronoun I to he – Dad told
me he was working.
4 she had left: The first sentence is present perfect – I’ve
left my money... – so in reported speech it becomes
past perfect – had left. We also need to change the
pronoun I to she – she had left all her money.
5 he had seen: The first sentence is past simple – I saw my
friends – so in reported speech it becomes past perfect
– had seen. We also change the pronoun I to he – he
had seen his friend.
Group B
Vocabulary
Exercise 1
1 shoplifter: A shoplifter is someone who takes items from
shops without paying for them. The crime is called
shoplifting.
2 thief: A thief may steal things from people’s bags on a
crowded bus, say, or from a parked car. The crime is
called theft.
3 arsonist: An arsonist deliberately starts fires in buildings
to damage them. The crime is called arson.
4 drug dealer: A drug dealer sells illegal drugs to other
people. The crime is called drug dealing.
5 murderer: A murderer is someone who kills another
person. The crime is called murder.
© 2016 Pearson FOCUS 2 PHOTOCOPIABLE
Exercise 2
1 arrested : To be arrested means that the police catch you
and accuse you of a crime. You then have to go with
them to the police station.
2 victim: A victim of a crime is someone who has suffered a
crime. For example, their house was burgled, or their
money was stolen.
3 innocent: If you are innocent, you can go free. The
opposite of innocent is guilty.
4 punished: If the judge sends someone to prison, this is to
punish them for their crime.
5 evidence: If a crime is committed, the police need to
collect evidence, such as fingerprints and hair samples
from the crime scene and statements from witnesses.
Exercise 3
1 appear: If you appear in court, it means you have to
come to court to answer questions.
2 vandalised: To vandalise something means to
deliberately damage it.
3 robbed: Robbers may rob a bank – they go in, often with
weapons and take the money.
4 commits: We say that a person commits a crime.
5 mugged: If you are mugged, it means someone attacks
you in the street and takes your money, your bag, etc.
Exercise 4
1 freedom: Freedom is the noun that comes from the
adjective free. Here the person was in prison and
wanted his freedom.
2 separation: Separation is the noun that comes from the
adjective separate. In some girls-only or boys-only
schools, the students have separate classes. There is a
separation between the boys and the girls.
3 racism: Racism is another noun form derived from the
noun race. Racism means treating people differently,
and unfairly, because of their race.
4 Vandalism: Vandalism is another noun form derived from
the noun vandal. Vandalism means that public and
private property is damaged – windows are broken, for
example – by vandals.
5 piracy: Piracy is another noun form derived from the
noun pirate. Online piracy involves downloading films
and music illegally – without paying for them, for
example.
Grammar
Exercise 5
1 were: We can use the past simple here as we don’t need
to show that one event clearly happened before
another.
2
 UNIT TEST 8 ● ANSWER KEY
Vocabulary and Grammar

2 arrived: We use the past simple because the writer is Exercise 8

telling the sequence of events – telling the story about 1 they weren’t: The first sentence is present simple – We’re
what happened. There is no need to show that one not at home -– so in reported speech it becomes past
event clearly happened before another. simple – … said that they weren’t at home. We also
3 had stopped: We use the past perfect here – had need to change the pronoun we to they.
stopped – because we want to show that the trains had 2 she couldn’t: The first sentence is present simple – I can’t
stopped before the writer arrived at the station. cook very well -– so in reported speech it becomes past
4 had gone: We use the past perfect here – had gone – simple – ...said that she couldn’t cook very well. We also
because we want to show that the writer’s dad had gone need to change the pronoun I to she.
to his office before the writer arrived at the station. 3 she was driving: The first sentence is present simple –
5 bought: We use the past simple – bought – because the I’m driving home – so in reported speech it becomes
writer is telling the sequence of events – telling the story past continuous said that she was driving home. We
about what happened. I walked ... to college, and then also need to change the pronoun I to she.
bought a cup of hot chocolate. There is no need to show 4 had just been: The first sentence is present perfect – I’ve
that one event clearly happened before another. just been to the cinema -– so in reported speech it
becomes past perfect – said that she had just been to
Exercise 6 the cinema.
1 made: The person is describing the sequence of events – 5 he had written: The first sentence is past simple – I wrote
I got home and then I made myself a snack so we don’t a letter to my gran -– so in reported speech it becomes
need the past perfect to show that one thing clearly past perfect – said that he had written a letter to his
happened before another. gran. We also need to change the pronoun I to he.
2 had left: Here we use the past perfect to clearly show
that one thing happened before another. The person’s
friends had left before he got to the party.
3 had never seen: Here we use the past perfect to clearly
show that we’re referring to one time before another in
the past. The person had never seen a live band before
the rock festival.
4 met: The person is describing the sequence of events – I
got into town and then I met my friends. So we don’t
need the past perfect to show that one thing clearly
happened before another.
5 had forgotten: Here we use the past perfect to clearly
show that we’re referring to one time before another in
the past. The person had forgotten to switch the oven
on before they discovered that the meat wasn’t cooked.

Exercise 7
1 didn’t eat: Tom’s actual words would be ‘I don’t eat meat’
(present simple) so in reported speech it becomes past
simple – he didn’t eat meat.
2 was watching: Sid’s actual words would be ‘I’m watching
TV’ (present continuous) so in reported speech it
becomes past continuous – he was watching TV.
3 was going to: Maria’s actual words would be ‘I’m going to
call you later’ so in reported speech it becomes she was
going to call me later.
4 wasn’t : Bella’s actual words would be ‘I’m not’ (present
simple) so in reported speech it becomes past simple –
she wasn’t well.
5 had never ridden: Jake’s actual words would be ‘I’ve
never ridden a bicycle’ (present perfect), so in reported
speech it becomes past perfect – he had never ridden a
bicycle.

© 2016 Pearson FOCUS 2 PHOTOCOPIABLE 3