FACULTY OF ENGINEERING (FKJ), UMS

PROGRAMME: CIVIL ENGINEERING (HK01)

COURSE: ADVANCED PROJECT MANAGEMENT (KA43003)

TITLE: CONSTRUCTION OF INSTITUT LATIHAN MAHKAMAH ANAK

NEGERI (ILMAN) SABAH

LECTURER: DR. MOHD RADZIF BIN TAHARIN

SUBMISSION DATE: 16TH MAY 2018

GROUP MEMBER:
BIL. NAME
1. ENJAY LAJIM
2. NUR FASHA AZUIN BINTI RIDZUAN
3. NURUL IRAH FAZIRAH BINTI SAPAR
4. NURUL SHAHERAH BINTI MOHAMAD IDRIS
5. RUSHANISIAH BINTI JUHAN
6. SITI NURMASYITTAH BINTI AG BESAR
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1

2.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS ............................................................................................. 5

2.1 PRELIMINARY AND GENERAL CONDITIONS ...................................................... 5

2.2 PILING WORKS .............................................................................................. 5

2.3 EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS .................................................................... 6

2.4 CONCRETE WORK ....................................................................................... 10

2.5 BRICKWORK ................................................................................................ 11

2.6 SOIL DRAINAGE ........................................................................................... 11

2.7 ROOFING WORK .......................................................................................... 13

2.8 CARPENTRY AND JOINERY WORK ................................................................. 13

2.9 METAL WORK .............................................................................................. 14

2.10 PLASTERING WORK .................................................................................... 14

2.11 GLAZING WORK ......................................................................................... 15

3.0 PROBLEM AND ITS SOLUTIONS .................................................................................... 16

4.0 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................. 19

5.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 20

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Institut Latihan Mahkamah Anak Negeri which is also known as ILMAN is located in Jalan Datuk
Panglima Banting, around 3.6km from Donggongon City and one kilometer from the Sabah
Cultural Centre, Penampang Sabah. This building is a training institution for the Native Court
staff (MAN) to preserve, protect and uphold the national legal system. Datuk Mohamad Alamin,
President of Sabah Children's Affairs Council (MHEANS) said that the building would be a
landmark and pride in raising the dignity of native institutions, in particular to preserve the
customs and state laws of the state. It also helps in enhancing the MAN's legislation by training
custom leaders on the laws and customs of native people. Instead to be used by MAN officers
and staff, the institution could also be utilized by government departments and agencies for
course or seminar purpose.
The construction for ILMAN cost RM27, 697,011.55 and took about 33 months for the
completion of the project. It has been scheduled to complete on 16th November 2016. The
contractor and consultant involved are Pemborong Lebat Sdn. Bhd. and Mahmut Arkitek
respectively. Meanwhile, the government authorities that involved are Public Works Department
of Sabah as well as the Project Team Sabah 1. The building is equipped with a range of facilities
including a large hall, lecture rooms and 44 hotel-level rooms. Figures 1 to 5 below shows the
exterior building exists within ILMAN while Figures 6 to 10 shows some rooms and halls exist in
the building.

Figure 1(a) Front view – Administration Figure 1(b) Rear view for Block A
building (Block A)

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Figure 2(a) Administration building (Block B) Figure 2(b) Administration Building (Block C)

Figure 3 Hostel
Figure 4 Bin Centre

Figure 5 Sewage Treatment Plant

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Figure 6(a) Lecture Theater Hall (Ground Floor Figure 6(b) Lecture Room (2nd Floor Block A)
Block C)

Figure 7 Meeting Room (5th Floor Block A) Figure 8 Mahkamah Majistret Room (Ground
Floor Block B)

Figure 9 Main Office (1st Floor Block A) Figure 10 Training Court (Ground Floor Block B)

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 The scope of works involved in this project including site preparation, structure works,
interior services, external works and landscaping as well. For the site preparation, it comprises
clearing the site, cut and fill, compaction and leveling of the site. Meanwhile, structure works
including the piling works, constructions of 6-storey administration buildings, 5-storey hostel
building, guard house and landfill area preparation. Electrical wiring installation, sound system,
stage lighting system and telephone services are those include under interior services. Other
than that, works such as air conditioner installation, fire prevention system, water tank and
sewerage pipe also involved. Meanwhile, the external works include the drainage installation,
water supply, manhole, water retention pond, sewage treatment plant, road facilities including
parking, road kerbs, signage, and extension for existing road. Last but not the least, for
landscaping, it involves the planting of spot turfing and trees around buildings and along the
road and drainage.

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2.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

2.1 PRELIMINARY AND GENERAL CONDITIONS

Preliminaries works are involving the construction of Site Office and laboratory. The Contractor
shall provide and maintain a site office for the use of the J.K.R. supervisory staff all in
accordance with J.K.R. design type as shown in the relevant Drawings inclusive of all fittings and
furniture as stated therein. The Contractor shall supply, erect and maintain for as long as is
considered necessary adequate fencing, hoarding, warning lamps and such other safety
measures necessary to ensure the safety of the public and others who may be on or within the
vicinity of the site. Where required, the Contractor shall employ a competent person as safety
and health officer and all safety measures shall be carried out in accordance with Occupational
Safety and Health Act (OSHA) and relevant local by-laws. The Contractor shall be held solely
responsible for all accidents arising from any negligence in this respect. For this project, the site
office is located at Jalan Datuk Panglima Banting, Kampung Kibabaig, Penampang that is 3.6km
from Donggongon City.

2.2 PILING WORKS

Unless otherwise specified, all piling shall conform in all respects to BS 8004. All materials and
workmanship for piling shall be in accordance with the appropriate sections of this Specification.
Any information and report on soil investigation for the Works made available to tenderers are
intended for guidance only. The S.O. shall not be responsible for the scope, completeness or
accuracy of the information, or for any opinion or conclusion given in the report. Setting out
shall be carried out from the main grid lines of the proposed structure. Immediately before
installation of the pile, the pile position shall be marked with suitable identifiable pins, pegs or
markers.

The Contractor shall take all necessary precaution in carrying out the work so as to
minimize noise and disturbance during driving especially this site is located at the village. Unless
otherwise stated in the Drawings, the Factor of Safety shall be taken as not less than 2.0 for
piles in compression, and not less than 3.0 for piles in tension. The S.O. may require inspection
of the treatment plant to observe and ensure that the manufacturing process and control
testings of the piles are carried out in accordance with this Specification. Records of the actual

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treatment schedule shall be kept during the treatment process, and the Contractor shall furnish
such records for the piles supplied when requested by the S.O. For this site, pad footing was
used at hill area and piling was conducted at swampy area. The type of piling is choosing based
on the type of soil and its criteria.

Figure 21 Example of Pad Footing

Figure 13 Example of piling

2.3 EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS

This work shall consist of all the required excavation within the limits of the works. It shall
include the removal and proper utilization and hauling, or disposal of all excavated materials,
and constructing, shaping and finishing of all earthworks over the entire extent of the works, in
conformity with the Drawings and this Specification. The whole site shall be cleared to the
extent as shown in the relevant Drawings. These shall include clearing, grubbing and removing

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all trees, shrubs, vegetation and butts; and clearing, demolishing, breaking up and removing all
structures above ground level such as buildings, walls, fences and other obstruction within the
site which have been designated to be demolished or removed. All spoil and debris shall be
removed and disposed off as approved by the S.O. in accordance with Environmental Quality Act
1974 (Act 127) and Regulations.

Any existing structures and other obstruction which are designated to be removed shall
be demolished, broken up, removed and disposed as approved by the S.O. All salvaged
materials arising from the demolition work shall, unless otherwise specified, become the
property of the Contractor, and shall be removed from site as soon as possible. Before
commencing on any excavation, the Contractor or his representative shall accompany the S.O.
on a site inspection to identify the presence of underground cables, water or other service pipes
at or in the vicinity of such excavation. Thereafter, the Contractor shall carry out the excavation
work in a manner and sequence as approved by the S.O. If during excavation, the Contractor's
workmen uncover any cables, water or other service pipes, work shall be stopped immediately
and shall not be again started until the matter has been reported to the S.O. who will notify the
appropriate local authority, and subsequently issue whatever directions he deemed appropriate.

Area for buildings, open spaces, fields, roads and footpaths shall be cut and filled to the
required formation levels and grades as shown in the Drawings. Trimming and forming of banks
shall be to the profiles as shown in the Drawings or as directed by the S.O. All ditches, ponds or
wells that are to be filled shall first be excavated to remove all soft spots if so directed by the
S.O. All excavated materials shall be removed from site and the depressions including holes
resulting from the grubbing of tree roots shall be filled with approved fill materials and well
compacted. Unless otherwise provided in the contract, if the fill materials obtainable from site
are insufficient, the Contractor shall at his own cost, obtain such materials from outside source.
Only suitable materials such as medium stiff clay, clayey sand or other approved soils shall be
used for filling. The contractor also has been import earth to formation of Detention Pond
Embankment. The detention pond also constructed based on Environmental Impact Assessment
standard. Then, compaction to filling every earth 1m also has been done.

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 Figure 14 Example of detention pond

Materials from swamps, peats or top soils and other highly organic clay or silt, materials
containing logs, stumps or boulders, which are susceptible to combustion, and any other
materials which, by virtue of their physical or chemical composition or at their moisture content
will not compact properly, shall not be used for filling and all this materials are called unsuitable
materials. For this part, the contractor and representative from JKR has conducted Mackintosh
Probe Test. The objective of this test is to provide a profile of penetration resistance with depth,
in order to give an assessment of the variability of in-situ materials on site. Probing is carried
out rapidly, with simple equipment. It produces simple results, in terms of blows per unit depth
of penetration, which are generally plotted as blow-count/depth graphs. The tool provides a
very economical method of determining the thickness of soft deposits such as peat.

Next, the Contractor shall provide all necessary protection and maintenance of
earthwork, particularly from the damaging effects of water entering the works from rainfall,
runoff, springs, rivers or streams. Damage to finished or partly completed work arising from the
lack of such protection and maintenance work, shall be made good by the Contractor at his own
cost and expense. Where turfing is required for slope protection, they shall be planted
immediately after the embankment is formed. The turfing shall be executed as specified
hereinafter under SECTION N.4: LANDSCAPING AND TURFING. Spot turfing has been conducted
at embankment of that area. The protective vegetation was used as an erosion control. The
topsoil were spread out and lightly compacted to a thickness of 50mm. All turf was ensure to be
regularly watered and fertilised. Various type of small tree for landscaping also have been plant

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on surrounding area. Other than that, the dead turf must be quickly replaced with the new turf.
150mm thick stone pitching also has been conducted on embankment.

Figure 15 Example of Spot Turfing

Figure 16 Spot Turfing at ILMAN

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 Figure 17 Example of Stone Pitching

2.4 CONCRETE WORK

This section shall apply to the construction of all structures or parts of structures to be
composed of concrete with or without steel reinforcement. The work shall be carried out all in
accordance with this specification and the lines, levels, grades, dimensions and cross-sections
shown in the Drawings and as required by the S.O. Manufacturers’ certificates of test shall in
general be accepted as proof of soundness. Additional tests shall be carried out on any cement
including those of imported cement, which appears to have deteriorated through age, damage
to containers, improper storage, or any other reason. The test shall be carried out at any
approved laboratory at the expense of the Contractor. Any batch of cement that has been
sampled and tested and found not to have complied with the requirements shall be rejected and
removed from the site. The S.O. may, without tests being made, order that any bag of cement,
a portion of the contents of which has hardened, or which appears to be defective in any other
way, be removed from the site.

The cement shall be transported to the site in covered vehicles adequately protected
against water. It shall be stored in a weatherproof cement store to the approval of the S.O.
Cement stored in bags shall not be laid directly on the ground. It shall be taken for use in the
work in the order of its delivery into the store. Cement delivered in bulk shall be stored in silos
of an approved design. Aggregates shall be naturally occurring sand, granite or limestone,
crushed or uncrushed except as otherwise specified, and shall comply with MS 29. They shall be
obtained from a source approved by the S.O. Where site mixing is used, samples of fine and

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coarse aggregates approved by the S.O. shall be kept on site. These samples shall give a fair
indication of the general quality of the aggregates for comparison with the aggregates delivered
during the course of executing the Work. Tests shall be carried out on samples of the latter,
taken at intervals as required by the S.O., or whenever there is a change of source. The
appropriate method of sampling and testing shall be in accordance with the standards. Any
batch of aggregate rejected by the S.O. shall be removed from the site.

Water shall comply with the requirements of MS 28. It shall be clean and free from
materials deleterious to concrete in the plastic and hardened state and shall be from a source
approved by the S.O. The S.O. may instruct the Contractor to carry out chemical tests at any
approved laboratory at the expense of the Contractor. The Contractor shall make adequate
arrangement to supply and store sufficient water at the site for use in mixing and curing of
concrete.

2.5 BRICKWORK

Mortar shall consist of one part of cement to six parts of sand, with the addition of an approved
mortar plasticizer used strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The
ingredients for mortar shall be measured in proper gauge boxes and shall be mixed on a clean
boarded platform or in an approved mechanical batch mixer. Cement sand bricks and hollow
blocks shall consist of an intimate and uniform mixture of sand and cement. The sand and
cement shall be mixed in the ratio of six parts of sand to one part of cement by volume in a
mechanical mixer capable of taking one (1) bag of cement (50kg of cement shall be taken as
0.035cube). The sand used shall be as described hereinbefore and the maximum size shall pass
through a 4.8mm mesh BS sieve. The cement used shall be Ordinary Portland Cement as
described under SECTION D: CONCRETE WORK. The minimum permissible average compressive
strength shall be 5.2N/mm sq. for bricks and 2.8 N/mm sq. for hollow blocks per 10 samples
taken at random from the Contractor’s stock pile of 1000 or part thereof. All rejected or
condemned bricks shall be removed from the site at the Contractor's expense.

2.6 SOIL DRAINAGE

The work to be done under this section unless otherwise shown or described in the Bills of
Quantities shall consist of the supply, delivery, construction and testing of all soil drainage and

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ancillary works, connecting the vertical stack to and including the septic tank or imhoff tank and
all necessary works up to the point of final discharge of the effluent. In the case of discharge
into the public sewer or the package sewage treatment plant, the work shall terminate up to
and including the last manhole or intercepting trap of the system. This section of the work shall
be carried out strictly in accordance with the appropriate by-laws and to the approval of the S.O.
The Contractor shall carry out tests to the soil drainage installation in accordance with the
method and requirements as described hereinafter. The Contractor shall give reasonable notice
in writing to the S.O. before such tests are carried out.

Figure 18 Drainage at ILMAN

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 Figure 19 Sewerage Treatment Plant at ILMAN

2.7 ROOFING WORK

Unless otherwise stated, the pitch and laps for each type of roof covering shall be strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Heat Insulation System shall comply with
MS1020. Samples of the insulation material shall be submitted to the S.O. for approval before
they are used and subsequent delivery shall be up to the standard of samples approved.

2.8 CARPENTRY AND JOINERY WORK

After the roofing works are completed, the construction continued with carpentry, joinery and
ironmongery works. Carpentry is a skilled trade in which the primary work performed is the
cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, ships,
timber bridges, concrete formwork and so on. The JKR standard stated that all carpentry and
joinery work should include all necessary notching, halving, morticing and tenoning, wedging,
scarfing, dovetailing, sinking for heads of bolts and nuts and trimming for opening. Whereas,
joinery is an important part of most woodworking and it is found in furniture, cabinetry,
windows and doors, flooring, and much more. It is a specialist area of carpentry and as such,
you would get a specialist joiner or cabinetmaker to do the work, rather than a general
carpenter. Ironmongery originally referred, first, to the manufacture of iron goods and, second,
to the place of sale of such items for domestic rather than industrial use. In both contexts, the
term has expanded to include items made of steel, aluminium, brass, or other metals, as well as
plastics. In addition, all carpentry works were left with a sawn surface except where particularly

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described to be wrot and joinery is ensured to be wrot and finished with sand paper as required
and all sizes stated are the finished sizes.

2.9 METAL WORK

Next are the structural steel and metal works. All materials used are ensured to be accepted
within the JKR specifications as well as must have gotten the approval of the Safety Officer
(SO). Thus, the contractor is required to submit a Quality Assurance program as specified in the
JKR Standard Specification for Structural Steelwork. Other than that, the contractor is needed to
submit to the SO, a manufacturer’s warranty against any defect or damage which may arise
during the period of 10 years from the date of the issuance of the Certificate of Practical
Completion (CPC). Terms of the warranty were also verified and approved by the SO. A
representative engineer from JKR who was involved in this project had stated that the dome
installed in this building is imported from a supplier in Kuala Lumpur, however, it was installed
by the experts from the supplier company themselves in order to ensure the dome is installed
soundly.

2.10 PLASTERING WORK

For plastering, paving and tiling works, the materials used such as cement, plasticizer, plaster
lime and sand plasticizer were ensured be of approved manufacture and used strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Besides that, water for mixing is ensured to be
clear and free from harmful matter. Meanwhile, for water supply plumbing, sanitary and
rainwater, the whole of the water supply plumbing and installation were executed by licensed
plumbers having valid and relevant license issued by the relevant state water authority. As
stated in the contract, the contractor at his own cost should be responsible for employing the
licensed plumber and should be responsible for all the work performed by the licensed plumber.
Besides, water supply plumbing and installation should be executed in accordance with the
relevant state water supply rules and to the approval of the state water authority,
notwithstanding any approval given by the SO. Last but not least, materials used such as pipes,
fittings and equipment used for water supply plumbing and installation should be of the type
and make approved by the relevant state water authority.

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2.11 GLAZING WORK

Glazing works were also carried out in which it is an act of furnishing or fitting with glass and
panes or sheets of glass set or made to be set in frames, as in windows, doors, or mirrors. Upon
completion, all glass should be cleaned both inside and outside and any broken, cracked or
defective panes must be replaced to the approval of the SO. After completion of preparatory
works such as the installation of block, plaster preparation, plaster works and then the painting
works will then have carried out. All paints used in this building are ensured to be those supplied
by approved manufacturers. Prior to commencement of the painting work, the contractor has
submitted the following to the SO: (i) Name of the paint manufacturer and the manufacturer’s
certification that the paint conforms to the relevant standard together with the proof that such
certification has been verified by tests carried out by SIRIM or KISB in the last three (3) years,
and, (ii) A copy of method statement including procedure for the painting works in accordance
with this specification and manufacturer’s instruction. The paints delivered to the site should be
in the manufacturer's original sealed containers unopened and should not be adulterated. The
paintings were done carefully and nicely as paintings should be done under conditions which
may jeopardize the quality of finished paintwork. Motif paintings also have been drawn and
painted manually by experts in order to dignify the appearance of this stunning building.

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3.0 PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

It is a normal situation to every construction project to face challenges and problems either in
the early, middle or end-phase of the construction process. There are six decisions making steps
can be used to solve any problems. Firstly, the need for a decision is recognized. Next,
alternatives of solutions to the problems are generated. Then, the alternatives listed are
evaluated to identify the pros and cons of each of them. The alternatives are then ranked
accordingly and the best alternative is selected and implemented. Finally, learn something based
on the feedback received due to the implementation of the chosen alternative for future
preference.

In this project, if there were problems, the first party who will be in-charged was the
contractor. If it was a major problem, contractor will bring the issue to Jabatan Kerja Raya
(JKR). JKR then will refer to the respective consultant and the consultant themselves will provide
the solutions. Throughout 33 months of project duration, the construction of Institut Latihan
Mahkamah Anak Negeri (ILMAN) received only one time of EOT (Extension of Time) due to the
problem that will further discussed. In terms of design, ILMAN did not encounter any problem
with the design provided by the architect.

One major problem faced in this project is the need of preparing Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) report. EIA is basically a study to identify, predict, evaluate and communicate
information about the impacts on the environment of a proposed project and to detail out the
mitigating measures prior to project approval and implementation. There are nineteen
categories are prescribed to prepare EIA such as project related to agriculture, land reclamation,
housing and transportation. Most of the activities related to the nineteen categories are defined
in terms of quantum, project size and not defined by unit of measure.

Developer and contractor play an important role in mitigating environmental impact in

any project (Ithnin, 2006). Greatest care must be exercised to ensure the nature topography be
maintained as far as possible. The innovative concept of design with nature will not only
minimize the impact of the project on the environment thus making it environmentally
acceptable. Some of the concepts being promoted are:

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 Making use of natural topography where possible;
 Exploiting natural features as tourists attractions;
 Balancing cut and fill
During the early stage, every party thought that this project did not required EIA report
since the area covered was only 5 hectares. Once site survey is conducted, the construction of
this project requires the process of cut and fill; and as being discussed in the previous
paragraph cut and fill activities need to be balanced. Thus, EIA report must be provided. The
land use for cut and fill purposes was more than 40m3. In EIA terms, the project is categorized
under the activity that does not defined by unit of measure. They were given 6 months to settle
the EIA report.

Next, the problem faced in this project was the unsuitability of material due to the site
was covered mostly by swampy area and located at hilly area. It was one of the difficulties since
the contractor need to provide solution to make the ground suit for the construction. As the
solution, the consultant suggested that piling was the suitable approach to be placed at the
swampy area. Meanwhile, pad footings were used at the remaining area.

Besides, the chosen location for the main access road is also one of the problems
encountered in this project. The original location of the main access road was less strategic and
need to be relocated. However, the chosen area to relocate the road was not a road reserve and
need to be reclaimed through land acquisition. Land acquisition is an act referring to the
acquisition of land and the assessment of compensation to be made on account of such
acquisition.

Lastly, they also encountered a slight problem regarding the Occupancy Certificate (OC).
During the inspection, they found that the smoke detector has not been installed in the building
and immediately installed it after that. However, this problem did not caused any delays. Parties
involved in issuing the OC were JKR Daerah Penampang, Jabatan Air, SESB, Jabatan Bomba,
Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran and Jabatan Kesihatan.

Although all these problems has been solved accordingly, there are still few minor
problems that always happen that is miscommunication between parties involved. This leads to
subcontractors, contractors and owners not having a common understanding of the project’s
state at any given time. When a different team carries over work to a different team for the next

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process and when a problem comes up arising from the precious process, the construction
project manager may have a hard time understanding how to proceed. Thus to solve these
problems and reduce connection gap, a monthly meeting is conducted and weekly report is
submitted.

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4.0 CONCLUSION

In any construction projects, job-site delays and problems are unavoidable, but the approach
taken to deal with them contributes to the future success or failure of the project. For the case
of ILMAN construction, there are none of serious problems which unable to be solved and
contribute to too much delays to the construction itself.

There are few techniques that can be implemented for the risk management of
construction project including the discussion among client, contractor and consultant for every
site meeting which will help for conflict resolution. Everything from preparation to completion
and clean-up as well as the protection of other areas of the building or property are taken into
account. Besides, the availability of material also paramount and need to be concerned along
the project as to ensure no problems rose due to the unavailability of materials. Other than that,
monitoring by visits and meeting and keep updating the information are also need to be taken
into consideration for the smoothness of the project. Finally, the teamwork and cooperation
among all parties is a must in solving problems and need to remember that finding solutions is
the best way to solve any problem than the blaming game.

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5.0 REFERENCES

“10 Mahkamah Anak Negeri dibina di Sabah” (Online)

http://www.sinarharian.com.my/bisnes/10-mahkamah-anak-negeri-dibina-di-sabah-
1.172932 . Retrieved on 7th May 2018
Ithnin, I. (2006). Environmental Management in The Property Development and Construction
Sectors, 1–7.

“ILMAN, Mercu Tanda Adat Istiadat Negeri Sabah” (Online).

http://klxpress.com.my/sabah/25632-ilman-mercu-tanda-adat-istiadat-negeri-sabah.html
. Retrieved on 9th May 2018.

“Mackintosh Probe Test” (Online).

https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/mackintosh-probe-test/3801/. Retrieved on 9th
May 2018.

Standard Specification Building Works 2005, Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia.

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