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Introduction
Water pollution is one the major problems of the entire world. It causes millions of
damages in our environment and to us humans. According to 2015 and 2016 figures from the
World Health Organization, 663 million people (9 percent of the world’s population) don’t
have access to safe drinking water, while 2.4 billion (40 percent of the world’s population)
don’t have proper sanitation (hygienic toilet facilities). Water-related illnesses such as
diarrhea kill 525,000 children under five each year. Water pollution also kills various kinds of
Water pollution means one or more substances have built up in water to such extent
that they cause problems for animals, plants, or people. Water pollution happens when toxic
substances enter bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and so on, getting dissolved I
them, lying suspended in the water depositing on the bed. This degrades the quality of the
water. Water pollution is caused by ocean litter, oil spills, sewage, waste water, chemical
waste, radioactive waste, and plastics are just few. All of these are human doings.
(WWF,2017).
Many Policies and Laws were formulated and implemented not only here in the
Philippines but also by the United Nations and the World Health Organization in order to
lessen the water problems here in the Earth. Many devices and gadgets were developed and
created in order to improve our situation in the water pollution problem. Millions of amounts
of money were invested in order to fix this worldwide crisis. Our team developed a device
which is effective and money-saving that is going to be very helpful in small communities
The researchers aim to solve this problem by the end of the project making:
2. Will the device will be practical and the project making be complicated and
not costly?
Millions of people, plants, and animals around the world die because of water
pollution. Improper disposal of trashes, improper water filtrations, and oil spills are some of
the many reasons to cause the pollution in our environment. People of all ages can be affected
According to World Health Organization, 844 million people lack basic drinking-
water service, including 159 million people who are dependent on surface water. Globally, at
least 2 billion people use a drinking water source contaminated with faeces. Contaminated
water can transmit diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and polio.
Contaminated drinking water is estimated to cause 502,000 diarrheal deaths each year. WHO
also stated that by 2025, half of the world’s population will be living in water-stressed areas.
This study is limited only to water pollution. This project making will be exclusively
located at Butuan City, Philippines. This study will be only focusing on creation of an
Alternative Water Filter. No other topics and other locations are involved throughout the
study.
Chapter II
Review of Literature
This section presents the literature review and studies that are relative to the subject of
interest in the investigation. Accredited and published works by researchers and scholars will
Charcoal
Charcoal is a widely used material in the world for the common purpose of starting a
fire or cooking. It is a common substitute for coal due to its availability and manufacturing
process. A native method of creating charcoal in the Philippines involves heating and burying
coconut shells for a certain amount of days. There are only two methods by which activated
carbon may be able to remove pollutants from water; one is through adsorption and the other
is through catalytic reduction. Adsorption refers to the attraction of atoms, ions or molecules
from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid into a surface. This is different from absorption because
particles undergoing absorption are taken up by the volume and not by the surface (as in the
the contaminants are attracted to the positively-charged activated carbon. Organic compounds
are filtered by adsorption and residual disinfectants such as chlorine and chloramines are
Sand and Gravel are materials that are visible in many areas. It is commonly seen near
a body of water such as a river. These materials are mostly used today for construction
purposes. According to researches, gravel and sand are effective for filtering because it traps
foreign organisms such as small bugs, algae, zooplankton, suspended dirt, and any other large
particles in water.