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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC SCIENCE

UNIVERSITY OF DELHI SOUTH CAMPUS


Proposed Scheme for B. Sc (Hons.) In Electronics
1. There shall be B.Sc. (Hons.) Course in Electronics in colleges.

2. The duration of this course shall be of three years.

3 There shall be seven theory papers in each year. Each theory paper shall carry 50 marks and of 3 hours
duration.

4. There shall be two practical papers each year. Each practical paper will carry 75 marks.

5. The minimum pass marks for theory and practical shall be 40% separately.

6. Each practical paper shall be of 4 hours duration and student shall perform one experiment in each paper
in practical examinations. 20% marks will be reserved for practical note book.

7. Qualifying:

(i) History of Science and Scientific Methods at the end of 1st year.

(ii) Human behavior at work at the end of 2nd year. The syllabus for History of Science and
Scientific Methods will be same as for other.

8. There shall be three periods of 50 minutes each per theory papers per week and 9 periods of 50 minutes
each per practical paper per week.

9. No person shall be qualified for admission of this course unless he is 17 years of age before lst of October
of the yea r in which he is seeking admission. Provided that the Vice- Chancellor may on the basis of
individual merit relax the age limit up to maximum period of six months.

B Sc. (H) Electronics Course (Three Years)


1st Year:
1.1 Mechanics and Strength of Materials
1.2 Electricity & Magnetism
1.3 Thermal physics
1.4 Semiconductors and solid state devices
1.5 Network analysis and linear active circuit
1.6 Mathematical Physics-I
1.7 Mathematical Physics-II
1.8 Physics Practical-I
1.9 Electronics Practical-I

IInd Year:
2.1 Modern Physics and Quantum Mechanics
2.2 Operational Amplifier and Analog Computation
2.3 Digital Electronics
2.4 Instrumentation
2.5 Modern Optics and opto Electronics
2.6 Mathematical physics-III
2.7 Numerical analysis
2.8 Physics practical-II
2.9 Electronics Practical-II
IIIrd Year:

3.1 Microprocessor and Microcomputer Technology

3.2 Engineering Drawing

3.3 Communication

3.4 Electromagnetism and Antennas

3.5 Material Sciences, and I.C. Technology

3.6 Electrical Technology and Electrical Machines

3.7 Power electronics

3.8 Electronics practical-III

3.9 Electronics practical and project

1.1 Mechanics and strength of material:

Mechanics:- gravitation-Newton’s law of universal gravitation, gravitational field due to spherical shell
and solid sphere, central force, angular momentum in Central forces. Two body problems reduced mass,
equivalent one body problem, Kepler's Laws.

Galileon Invariance: inertial reference, Galilean transformation, transformation of Velocities and


accelerations, Conservation of linear momentum in relations to Newton's Laws. Non-inertial frames &-frictional
forces.

Special Theory of Relativity: Michelson Morley experiment, Lorentz transformation, length Contraction,
Time Dilation; Transformation of velocities, Mass Energy equivalency, Relativistic Doppler effects.

Strength of Materials: Bending Moment and Shear forces cantilevers. Simply supported beams carrying
concentrated load, uniform and triangular loading, Energy of strained bodies, theory of simple bending, bending
stresses , shear stresses, Deflection of beams and determination using calculus and Macaulay’s method, relation
between elastic constants,; Torsion of a cylinder, Torque transmitted by shaft, Elementary mean idea of combined
stresses and strains and uses.

1.2 Electricity and Magnetism:

Electrostatic field and potential, Gauss's theorem for electric flux, it's application, spherical shell, charged
conducting plate, parallel plate and cylindrical condensers, energy in electrostatic field dielectric medium
displacernent vector dielectrics, Kirchoff s Law, Savart's Law, Ampere’s circuital Law ,vector potential,
electromagnetic induction, self and mutual inductance, reciprocity theorem study of LCR circuits with DC and
AC. sources (series and parallel), phase, impedance, resonance Q factor, power factor, wattless current,
transformer and its magnetic susceptibility, B-H hysteresis, magnetic energy storage in matter diamagnetism Para
magnetism, Linguini’s theory, adiabatic demagnetizations, Para-magnetism, Ferrimagnetisms continuity equation,
Maxwell’s equations, displacement current, electromagnetic wave, pointing vector.

1.3 Thermal Physics:

Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic system, Zeroth Law and temperature, first law and internal energy,
Reversible and irreversible process, Carnot Engine and Carnot's theorems. Second law of thermodynamics and
Entropy, Thermodynamic temperature, Entropy changes in reversible and irreversible process, Principle of increase
of entropy and its consistency with the statements of the second law of thermodynamics.
Thermodynamic potential and equilibrium of Physico chemical Systems, Claussius-Claperon equation,
Gibb's phase rule and application, change of second order and application, thermodynamics of
chemical equilibrium and law of mass action. Helmholtz function and Maxwell's relation.

Thermal Radiation. - Black body spectrum, Kirchoff s law. Stefan's law, thermodynamics of black body
radiation, Wein’s displacement law, Planck's law, derivation and experimental verification.

Statistical Physics: Derivation of Maxwell's law of distribution of velocities and its experimental
verification, Mean free path, Transport Phenomenon, viscosity, Conduction and diffusion, Brownian motion, and
Einstein's theories and experimental determination, law of equipartition of energy and experimental determination,
law of equipartition of energy and its application to specific heats.

Probability, Quantum statistics Fermi-Dirac and Bose Einstein distribution laws, calculations of various
thermodynamic functions, zero point energy and its verification, entropy of monotomic gas, Einstein condensation,
third law of thermodynamics, negative temperature, free electron gas model for metals, electrical and thermal
conductivity, specific heat of solids.

1.4 Semiconductor and Solid State Devices:

Semiconductors: Crystal lattice, packing fraction crystal planes and directions, crystal structure of Ge, Si
& Ga, As, crystal defect Point defects, line dislocations, colour centers etc.

Band theory of Semiconductors, metal, insulators, semiconductors, semiconductor crystals, effective mass
concept, impurity conduction, carrier concentration at normal equilibrium in intrinsic semiconductors, density of
states, derivation of Fermi level for intrinsic semiconductors, donors, acceptors, majority carriers (electrons and
holes), dependence of Fermi level on temperature and doping, concentration, Derivation of relationship between
mobility, carrier, and conductivity, Ohm's law, idea of drift and diffusions. Hall Effect, thermoelectrial effect and
magnetic resistance.

P.N. Junction;
Barrier formation, derivation of barrier potential, Capacitance, depletion width, V, resistance of p-n
junction diodes and its, dependence on temperature, Variation of depletion width and capacitance width voltage.
Definition of transition capacitance. Capacitance voltage relationship for an abrupt and graded junction. Basic idea
about Working of varactor diode, solar cell, zener diode and its breakdown. PNP and NPN transistors. Ebbers-Moll
model, definition alpha and beta and their relationship, early effect. I-V characteristic of CE, CB, CC
configurations. Construction of JFET, idea of channel formation, minimum channel width field dependent mobility
showing I independent of V, physical explanation of different regions of I-V curves, definition of rd and g d .

UJT:

Basic construction, characteristics, negative resistance.

SCR:

Qualitative working, I-V characteristics for various gate voltages.

MS-junctions: Ohmic & Rectifying Contacts.

MOS Devices:

Basic structure and energy level diagram, definitions of work function, electron affinity, surface
potential, difference between Fermi in intrinsic and doped material, accumulation, depletion, inversion regions
under external bias, idea of band bending.

Basic Construction of MOSFET and its working, physical explanation of characteristics, enhancement
and depletion modes, definition of gm, rd, from characteristics and similarity of JFET.
1.5 Network analysis and linear active circuit:

Network Analysis: Introduction to network analysis and synthesis, mesh and node analysis, principle of
duality, reduction of complicated network, conversion between T and π sections, bridged T-network, Lattice
network, superposition theorem, reciprocity theorem, Thevinine's theorem voltage source equivalent circuits,
Norton's theorem. Maximum power transfer impedance. Transfer theorem, driving point impedance, transfer
impedance metrics and determinants in network analysis, design of RC filters.

Linear Active Circuits: I-V clipping- and clamping circuits, half, full bridge rectifiers, L, C, LC & π-
filters, ripple factor and power conversion efficiency.

Characteristics of BJT, static and dynamic load line, active, Cut off and saturation regions, Biasing of
BJT, fixed bias, self bias, thermal instability, dependence of Ic and Vbc.

Ico and beta, definition of stability factors S. S' S" and their derivation.

Definition of Z, Y, H, A parameters for two port network and their inter relationship. Small signal and
gm equivalent of CE transistor circuit. Similarity in the small signal equivalent circuit of BJT. FET, CE, CB, CC
amplifiers, derivation of A.

Ai, Ri and Ro for three configurations of BJT amplifiers, RC coupled amplifier, derivation of half power
point and its frequency response and idea of band width. Three basic circuits for tuned amplifiers, equivalent
circuit of, single tuned amplifier and determination of gain and hand width.

Three basic circuits for CE case, applications and idea of cascading of tuned amplifiers basic requirements
for power transistors. Power amplifiers, heat sink, Class A, Class B, Class AB and Class C amplifiers. Push pull
amplifiers and design considerations.

Concept of negative feed back and advantages of negative feed' back in amplifiers, voltage (series and
shunt), current. (Series and-) feed back amplifiers and derivation of gain, in put and output impedances in all the
four cases. Positive feedback, Barkhausen criteria for oscillations, LC and RC phase shift oscillators, derivation
frequency for Colpitts, Hartley and phase shift oscillators.

1.6 Mathematical Physics-1:

Vector Analysis: Vectors in Cartesian coordinate systems vector algebra scalar and vector products, vector
calculus, gradient, divergence and curl, Evaluation of line, surface and volume integrals, Gauss, Stock’s and
Green's theorem, Curvilinear coordinates (expression for, gradient divergence and curl). Cylindrical & spherical
coordinate, change of variable-Jacobin

Cartisian Tensors: Transformation of coordinates, Tonsorial Physical quantities. Symmetric and anti-
syrnmetric tensors, Contraction and differentiation, Pseudo tensors, Kronecker and alternate 'Moment of Inertia.
Tensor and Euler’s equation of motion stress and Strain tensor-Elastic constant, Polarization tensor, Rotation of
tensor.

Matrices: Vector space and linear independence Basic –and dimensions, linear transformations, Non
singular transformations, a matrix representation of linear transformation, Matrix algebra, special
matrices. hermit an and Skewhermitian matrices, unitary and orthogonal matrices .Singular and non-singular
matrices, Inverse of a matrix, change of basis, similarity transformation, Eagan values and Eagan vectors,
diaagonalization, Reduction of coupled Linear differential, equation of Eagan value problem, Trace of matrix,
Inner products of vectors.

1.7 Mathematical Physics-II:

Real Variables:

Infinite series (of constant terms and of function of a real variable), convergence, divergence and uniform
Riemann. Integration, functions, limit, continuity, differentiation, Riemann integration. Fourier series, Dirichlet
conditions (statement only). Sine and Cosine Series orthogonally and completeness, Distinctive features Fourier
expansion, Application, Square wave, triangular wave, Output or full wave rectifier, summing of infinite series,
Gibbs phenomenon.

Integral Transform:

Fourier integral theorem, Fourier integral transforms, Convolution Theorem, Laplace transform of
elementary functions. Derivatives and Integral of unit step function and of periodic functions, Laplace inverse
transform, Applications of Laplace Transform, solution of a first and second order ordinary differential equations
with constant coefficient.

Differential Equation:

Second order differential equations with constant coefficient and their general solution, complementary
function and particular integral, Linear independence. Wronskian solution by Fourier series.

Calculus of Variation:

Maxima and minima of a function of several variables, constrained maxima and minima, Methods of
Lagrangian undetermined multiplier.

1.8. Physics Practicals-1:

1. Self Inductance by AC. Bridge (Anderson Bridge)

2. Determine C1/C2, De Sauty's Method: AC. Bridge.

3. Determine the temperature Coefficient, of resistance using Platinum resistance thermometer.

4. Determination of temperature by thermo couple.

5. Determination of thermal conductivity of poor conductor by Lee's disc method.

6. Determination of Joule's mechanical equivalent of heat (J) by Calendar and Barney’s


method.

7. Determination of Coefficient of thermal conductivity of a material by Searle's method.

8. High resistance by leakage.

9. Study of Ballistic galvanometer (charge sensitivity and CDR)

10. Elastic Constants by Searle’s method

I1. Y-by K 'o" nig's method

12. Modulus of rigidity by Maxwell's needle.

13. Y by optical lever method

14. 'M' and 'R' by magnetometer

1.9 Electronics Practicals-1:

1. Verification of network theorems (Thevenin, maximum power transfer and Norton's theorems).

2. Frequency response of simple RC networks.

3. And Phase measurement by CRO.


4. Study of LCR resonant circuit and step response of LR network.

5. Study of diode characteristics including Zener diode

6. Study of Transistor characteristics (CB, CE, CC configuration)

7. Study of power supply and study of regulated power supply.

8. Study of Colpitts Oscillator.

9. UJT/FET.

10 Study of RC coupled amplifier.

11. Study of push pull amplifier.

12. Study of RC phase shift oscillator.

13. Study of clipping and clamping circuits.

14. Study of emitter follower'

15. Study of Hartley Oscillator.

16. Determination of carrier concentration and mobility by Hall measurement.

2.1 Modern Physics and Quantum Mechanics:

Atomic Structure, Spectra and X-rays: Cathode rays; Electron determination of its charge to mass ratio,
Positive rays. Positive ray Analyses Thomson parabola, isotopes and isobars. Rutherford's Nuclear Theory of atom,
single scattering-particles by thin foils, nuclear, correspondence principle, Elliptic orbits; Bohr
Somrnerfeld.Quantization Vector model of atom, orbital angular momentum, Pauli Exclusion Principle, Zee man
effect-normal and anomalous, the stern Garlech experiment-electron spin Fine structure of Lines. Polarization of
X-ray, X-ray diffraction and Braggs Law. Compton Effect, Photo electric effect.

Radio Activity, Nuclear Fission and Fusion: Properties of 0 and y-rays, the disintegration constant. The
half life and life of radio active nuclear radioactive equilibrium, particle disintegration energy, range of αand β
particles and its determination, y-ray spectra a-decay, Resonance absorption of y-rays Moss Bauer effect, Artificial
radio-activity, Discovery of neutron nuclear reaction and excited states of nucleous, compound Nucleolus, fission
fusion of light nucleolus, Thermal nuclear reactors-the neutron cycle.

Quantum Mechanics: Inadequacy of classical mechanics, DeBrogilie waves Davission-Germer


experiment. Heisenbarg Uncertainty relation, y-ray microscope, two slit experiment, Schrödinger equation
Interpretation of wave function, Postulates of Quantum mechanics. The potential step, reflection transmission
coefficients, the potential well and bound state, the potential transmission coefficients, the potential well and bound
state. The barrier-tunneling, the harmonic oscillator.

2.2. Operational Amplifier and Analog Computation:

Introduction to Op amps. - Basic block diagram of an op. amp, Differential amplifier; dc and ac analysis,
common mode gain, difference gain, CMRR. level translator 'input and output offset voltage, offset null, slew-rate,
input offset current, input bias current and frequency response of an op. amp.

Applications of Op amps; inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, voltage follower, addition, subtraction.
Differentiation and integration using op amps Y Comparators, Schmitt Trigger, V/F and F/V converters, Sample
and Hold Circuit.
Active Filters: 1st and IInd Order low pass and high pass; Butterworth Filters and Band stop filters All
pass Filter.
Signal Generators: Astable and Monostable multivibrators, Sine wave oscillator Saw tooth and triangular
wave generator, voltage controlled oscillator.

Precision rectifiers: Half Wave and Full Wave Rectifiers Voltage regulators.

Introduction to Analog Computers: Analog computer symbols, operational modes solution of linear
ordinary differential equations with Constant coefficients, time and amplitude scaling, 2nd order
differential equation, multipliers, Simulation of non linear differential equations.

2.3. Digital Electronics:

Number Systems: Binary numbers, binary to decimal conversion decimal to binary conversion, binary
addition, binary subtraction, 1's complement, 2's complement, binary multiplication & division, octal numbers,
hexadecimal numbers, BCD Code, Gray Code, Excess-3 Code, alphanumeric Displays, LEDs and liquid crystals.

Logic Gates: OR, AND. NOT. NAND, XOR and XNOR gates. Positive & negative logic, universal
building blocks.

Boolean Algebra: De Morgan's theorem, laws & theorems of Boolean algebra, sum of products and
product of sums simplification equivalence between AND OR and NAND-NAND networks, equivalence between
OR-AND and NOR networks, Karnaugh map simplification, Tabular rninimisalion (isuine-Mecluskey method).

Combinational Logic Circuits: Half and full adders, Half and full sub tractors, binary adders, 8421,
adders, 2's complement adder and subtracted, parallel & serial adders. Encoders, Decoders, Multiplexers
And Demultiplexers, Code Converters.

Logic Families: DTL, TTL, RTL, DCTL, ECL, HTL, I2L, MOS CMOS logic families. Basic gates used in
each family and their characteristics.

Flip Flops: RS flip flop, D flip-flop, three state J K flip-flop T flip-flop, master slave flip-flop, positive and
negative edge flip-flops, IC 'triggered 555, astable and monostable multivibrators.

Registers and Counters: Data resisters, shift registers, three state switches, three state registers,
synchronous and asynchronous counters, ring counter, twisted ring counter (Johnson counter), ripple counter. Up-
down counter, pressettable counter, decade counter, shortened modulus counters, Consequential counting.

A/D and D/A Converters: Basic D/A converters, ladder method. DAC 0808, counter-method of A/D
conversion, ADC 0801.

Memories: Volatile and non-volatile memories, ROM, PROM, EPROM, E2PROM, EA PROM, RAM,
dynamic and static RAMS, refreshing circuits CCD's magnetic core memories bubble memories.

I/O Devices: Perforated tapes, tape readers, punched cards. Printers, CRT display, Key boards terminals,
Microprocessors: Evolution of Microprocessors.

2.4 Instrumentation:

Regulated Power Supplies: Power Supply characteristics, Zener regulator, series voltage regulator, series
regulator with pass transistor to large load currents, Shunt regulator, idea of Darlington pair, Regulator with op.
amp: inverting, not inverting Zener reference, IC regulated circuits, IC- 723C as voltage regulator, Regulator
features: current lirniting short-circuit, shut down, Field back, precision regulator CRO: Block diagram, basic
operation, electrostatic focusing electrostatic deflection, screens for CRT, ORT 'Circuits, Horizontal deflection
system. Sweep generator, synchronization of sweep. Vertical deflection system, Input selector attenuator. Vertical
amp. CRO probes: Passive voltage probe, active and current probe, high voltage probe Delay lines: function,
lumped and distributed lines, Lissajous figures, frequency and phase measurement special Oscilloscopes: Storage
CRO, dual trace, dual beam, sampling CRO, Application of different type of CRO’s.

Signal Generators: Sweep frequency generators, pulse and square wave generator, pulse characteristics
and terminology, astable multivibrator, block diagram of pulse gen., function generator, 555 timer for frequency
generation, Blocking oscillator, Random noise generator AC. bridges: Comparison bridges, Maxwell, Hay’s
Schering, Wean bridge, Wagner Ground connection, imbalance condition, measurement errors, Barley loop test,
Murray loop test

Q Meter: Basic circuit Measuring methods, direct, series and connections, sources of errors Electronic
voltmeter-DC. Voltmeter (direct coupled amp and chopper type DC. amp.) AC. voltmeter-true RMS responding
voltmeter multirange voltmeter, voltmeters sensitivity

Power meter: Single phase, double phase and three phase wattmeter, watt hour meter. Analog multimeter,
AC and DC.

Digital Voltmeter: LED's digital display seven segment display, integrating DVM, Ramp DVM, Stair case
Ramp, successive approximation DVM, sample and hold circuit, Analog/Digital multimeter digital measuring
system multimeter block diagram, voltage, current and resistance measurements.

Frequency Counter: Elements of electronic counter, decade counting assembly, bistable multivibrator time
base and associate circuitry, over controlled assembly (demerits). Temperature compensated crystal oscillator
universal counter, measurement, modes: frequency measurement, time interval measurement, errors: gating errors,
time base error, trigger. Level error, automatic and computing context, extending the frequency range.

2.5 Modern Optics and Opto-Electronics:

Lens aberration-spherical and chromatic aberration. Huygens and Remsen eye piece, Fermat's principle
and ray propagation through stratified media, electromagnetic wave equation, complex representation of light
waves, reflection and refraction, elementary consideration of light emission, coherence and laser light,
interference, thin films and interference filters, Michelson and Faber Perot interferometers, elementary diffraction
theory: Fran offer and Fresnel diffraction, polarization, production and analysis of polarized light, electromagnetic
wave propagation in anisotropic medium, crystal optics, optics of metals, advance diffraction theory, tens as
Fourier transform element, optical filtering, principle of holography introduction to optical fibers, coherent
Sources, spatial and temporal coherence, concepts of lasers, basic requirements for lasing, optical pumping and
rate equation, gas, semiconductor, solid state, chemical dye, x-ray lasers.

Mathematical Physics III


Complex variables:

Complex Variables, Complex numbers, Graphical representation, De McIver’s theorem, Roots of


complex numbers, Euler’s formula, function of complex variables, limit continuity and differentiation, Cauchy
Riemann conditions, Analytic functions, Differentiation and integration of a function of complex variables,
Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula and inequality, Lowville’s theorem. Taylor and Laurent’s series,
singular points poles. Essential singularities residue, Contour integration and simple application. Multiple valued
functions branch points.

Differential Equations:

Linear second order differential equation and special function singular points of second order differential
equation and their importance; series method (Forebodes) solution of harmonic oscillator, Legendry, Bessel, Her
mile and Leaguered differential equations and solution: Gama Beta functions.

Partial Differential Equations

Wave equation in 3 dimensions, Transverse vibration of stretched string, 'D' Alembertes solution, Oscillation
of hanging chain, Chain, Vibrations of rectangular and circular membrane. Heat conduction equations, Derivation
of equation of heat conduction Linear flow. Two and 3 dimensional heat conduction, Lap lace equation in
Cartesian cylindrical co-ordinate systems. Potential of a ring, potential about a spherical surface, Circular and
spherical harmonics.

2.7 Numerical Analysis:


Programming - Flow Charts, Fortran 77, Character set, constants and variables, expressions and their
hierarchy, double precision IMPLICIT statement, arithmetic and logical statement, mixo mode expression, Free
format I/O, FORTRAN 77. Control transfer statements logical IF, GO TO, Computed GO TO statement, DO loops
subscripted variables, dimension statement, formatted I/O, statement functions, function subprograms, Subroutine
subprograms, COMMON, EQUIVALENCE and DATA statement sequential files: creation, search update and
merge, random access files.

Computer Arithmetic and Error Control: Computer number systems round off errors, control of round off
errors. Pitfalls in computation, program design specification.

Linear and Non Linear Equations: Gauss selimination method, errors, iterative improvement, Gauss-
Seidal method, Bisection, secant and Newton-Raphson method for non-linear equations, eigenvalues and
eigenvectors, iteration methods for simple eigensystem problems, standard numerical software packages for
complex problems.

Interpolation: Linear interpolation, Newton's forward and backward interpolation, Everelt and Bessel
formula for interpolation.

Numerical Integration: Trap and Simpson roles, simple quadrature formulas.

Solution of Differential Equations: Initial value problem Enter method, Runge-kutta method solution of
Lap lace’s and Poisson’s equation using simple difference equation.

2.8 Physics Fracticals-11:

I. Spectrorneter-cauchy's constants, resolving power and dispersive power by a prism.

2. Diffraction grating-wavelength and resolving power.

3. Newton’s rings.

4. Specific rotation of cane-sugar solution by polarimeter.

5. Study of elliptically polarised light.

6. Wavelength of sodium light by Fresnel’s biprism.

7. Ultrasonic grating, determination of frequency.

8. Michelson interferometer.

9. e/m by magnetic focusing and deflection method.

10. Ionisation potential of a gas (Soft valve).

11. Measurement of thickness of a wire by diffraction.

12. B-H curve

13. e/m by zee man effect

I 4. Refractive index by Total Internal reflection using Gaussion eye piece.

2.9 Electronics Practicals-11:

1. Measurement of operational amplifier parameter (CMRR, Slew rate etc.)

2. Operational amplifiers, inverting and non-inverting amplifiers.


3 Differentiator and Integrator using operational amplifiers.

4. Digital to analog converter using operational amplifiers.

5. Generation of exponential forcing function using operational amplifier.

6. To solve simultaneous equations using op. Amp.

7. Verification of truth tables of OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR gates
(use NAND gates IC 7400 for producing these gates).

8. Study of half and full adders,

9. Study of half and full subtractors.

10. Study of RS, D, JK. Master slave flip flops including clocked RS and D.

I1. Study of divide by N. circuit and decade counter.

12. Study of a stable and monostable multivibrators.

13. Study of four bit shift register.

14. Study of Schmitt trigger.

15. Study of UP-Down counter.

16. Study of Active filters.

3.1 Microprocessors and Micro Computer Technology:

Introduction to microprocessors and micro Computers, micro computer architecture, single chip-
microprocessors. 8085 architecture, addressing modes, absolute immediate, base page, implied, indexed, indirect
modes, 8085 instruction set, micro computer programming languages, machine, assembly and high level
languages, data transfer group, Logic group, branch group, stack 1/0 and machine control group.

SDK-85 hardware, 8205 decoder, 8355 ROM with 1/0 8755 EPROM with I/O, 8155 static RAM with I/O
ports and timer.8279 programmable key board display controller, programming SDK-35,
operational features, basic 1/0 and interfacing, programmable 1/O, interrupt 1/O, DMA, SDK-85 1/O and
interfacing, peripheral-interfacing, interface standards, parallel interface (IEEE 488 and S-100), serial bus
interface (RS. 2320, RS. 422 and RS 423), introduction to 8086 and 80286 microprocessors, typical applications of
microprocessors.

3.2 Engineering Drawing:

Introduction: Instruments and their uses, Lettering, construction and uses of planes, diagonal and vernier
scale dimensions as per I.S.I. 696: 1972.

Engineering Curves: Construction of parabola, hyperbola, and ellipse using various methods. Cycloids,
invalute (of a circle and squalt:), spiral (Archimedes), helix and locus of points of simple moving mechanism.

Projections: Projection of Straight line, Planes & solids, simple machine parts, development of surfaces of
right solids, section of solids: isometric projections of solids and simple machine parts.

3.3 Communications:

Analysis of passive filters (low pass, band pass and high pass), elementary idea of active filters
(Butterworth and chebyshev response).
Noise: Thermal noise, shot noise, partition noise. Low frequency & transit time noise, Generation
recombination noise. Equivalent noise resistance. Signal to noise ratio, noise factor, noise temperature.

Modulation: principle of modulation, wave spectra and effect of filtering on complex waves (qualitative).

Amplitude Modulation: Frequency spectrum of AM waves, Average Power average voltage, modulation
index of multiple sine waves, are and square modulators, collector modulator, balanced modulator, Angle side
band generation method, diode detector. Advantages and disadvantages of SSB over AM, SSB detection.
.
Angle Modulation: Elements of frequency and phase modulation spectrum of FM, waves, intersystem
comparisons (FM and AM) generation of FM, direct and indirect methods. Angle modulator circuits (varactor
diode and FET modulators) Foster Seeley discriminator and ratio detection.

Pulse Modulation: Pulse modulation, pulse transmission, pulse modulation, time division multiplexing,
pulse time modulation pulse width and pulse position modulation, digital communi-
cation, bit transmission, signaling rate, digital filtering, pulse code Modulation Block, diagrams of PCM
transmission and receiver system.

Transmitters and Receivers: Tuned R F receiver, super heterodyne receiver, communication receivers
(Block diagrams) AM and FM receiver, AM transmitter, AM broadcast transmitter.

Television: Requirements and standards, black and white transmission and reception, scanning blanking
and synchronizing pulses, Elements of color TV transmission and reception. (Block diagrams).

3.4 Electromagnetics and Antennas:

Electrostatics, Poisson's equation, Laplace equation and boundary conditions with application's methods of
images, magnetostatics and boundary value problems.

Maxwell’s Equations, equations of continuity for time varying fields, conditions for time varying fields,
Pouting vector and flow of power, Wave equation and its solution, polarization of e m. wave description of linear,
circular and elliptical polarization, reflection and refraction for plane wave at a plane wave at a plane interface
between dielectrics, Fresnel formula total internal reflection, waves in conducting media. Metallic reflection, skin
depth, propagation of e m waves in anisotropic medium. Ground, sky and space propagation troposphere scatter
propagation and ionosphere reflection (qualitative), Wave guides, modes in rectangular wave guides, energy flow
and altimeter in wave guides, resonant cavities, power loss in a cavity, of microwave propagation. Antennas:
antenna gain, resistance, hand width, polarization. Effects of ground on antennas. H F. microwave. Wide band and
special purpose antenna'. Arrays, folded dipole. Rhombic. Parabolic. Reflectors. Horn lens, discone, loop antennas
and phased arrays, Potential functions E.M. fields, potential fluctuations for time, harmonic oscillations, radiated
by a current element.

3.5 Material Science & IC Technology:

Single crystals, polycrystalline and amorphous materials, Growth of single crystals, Purification of
materials using zone refining, Bridgman Method, Czochralski Method, solution, flux growths, vapor growth,
Growth of Polycrystalline and amorphous materials, Basic idea uses of various characterization techniques SEM,
TEM, XRD,.IR, and ESR spectroscopy. Elementary idea of thin film growth vacuum Evaporation, sputtering,
CVD, and MBE etc.

Ceramics: Growth and characterization of Ceramics, Ultrasonic testing of materials.

Electrical, optical and dielectric properties of materials.

Integrated Circuits Technology: integrated circuit Vs. discrete components, Integrated circuit processing
Oxidation, diffusion, photo lithography, epitaxy, chemical vapour deposition.

Bipolar transistor fabrication counter sunk oxide, MOS transistor fabrication, Metallic gates, n-MOS and
c-MOS.
3.6 Electrical Technology and Electrical Machines.

Properties of conductors and insulators: Resistivity of conductors, temperature coefficient. Insulation


resistance, non resistance and resistors. Incremental and differential resistance. Electromagnetism: The magnetic
circuit calculations, magnetic, B-H curve and differential permeability hysteretic. Electromagnets, self and mutual
inductance, non linearity of inductance.

Alternating Currents. Introduction to alternating quantities, peak average and r.m.s. value of sinusoidal
and few typical non-sinusoidal wave forms, crest factor and form factor, phase representation in rectangular, polar
and exponential forms.

Polyphase circuit:

Analysis of 3-phase circuits: Electromechanical energy conversion: Principles of electromechanical energy


conversion and types of rotating electrical machines : Basic parts, methods of excitation, armature windings Ian
and wave connection, H.M.B. equation for D.C .generators, various types and their characteristic and applications,
regulation and efficiency, principle of operation, back e. m. f speed control and motor starters, torque.

Transformers: Constructional features, transformation ratio, Equivalent resistance/reactance, losses in


transformers, auto transformer’s efficiency.

Synchronous Machines: Brief constructional details of single-phase synchronous generators, e. m. f.


equation.

3.7 Power electronics:

A comparative study of semiconductor power devices: power diodes, power transistors, unijunction
transistors, Silicon controlled Rectifier (SCR).

Silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR): description of the structure and idea of doping profiles of different
layers, voltage-current characteristics, forward and reverse blocking, calculation of the forward breakdown voltage,
two transistor model analysis. Triggering mechanisms and methods of turn-on, emphasis on gate and dv/dt
triggering turn-off mechanism, Gate triggering using resistance and R-C triggering circuits, Idea about ratings and
specifications of SCR.

Diac and Triac: Basic structure working and V-1 characteristics, applications of a diac as a triggering
device for a triac. Application of SCR: SCR as a static switch, phase controlled rectification, half
Wave full wave and bridge rectifiers with inductive and non-inductive loads: analysis for a single phase supply,
idea of three phase supply. AC voltage controlled using SCR and a triac as a switch.

Power inverters and DC choppers: Need for commutating circuit and their various types, d.c. link
inverters parallel capacitors commutated invertors with and without reactive feedback and its analysis, Series
Invertors and its improved version, bridge inverters.

Choppers: Use of an SCR as a D.C. switch, the parallel capacitor commutated d.c. switch triggering
circuits for d.c. switches. Operation of d c. chopper circuits using B-type commutating circuit, (ii) Cathode pulse
turn-off of SCR, Morgan's Chopper, electric motors and their control; Principles of the working of and
electromechanical device; DC, induction and synchronous motors.

DC Motors: Calculation of the back e.m.f. and torque produced in a dc motor, control of torque and speed
using bridge rectifiers (with analysis) variation of torque, pole flux, annature voltage and power
with speed, Idea of copper and iron losses.

Indication motors: Idea of the rotating magnetic field, equivalent circuit for an induction motor.
Derivation of torque and its functional dependence on the slip and the line frequency, Starting and breakdown
torque, operation of an induction motor for lew slips. Speed control using converter and inverter circuits (block
diagrams)
Synchronous motors: Need for synchronous speed. Dependence of the torque on the angle between rotor
and resultant magnetic field pull-cut torque, non starting mature control of speed (block diagrams), Marits and
demerits of these types of motors. Starting problem of a single phase induction motor (fractional kilowatt power
motor), different circuits used to make itself starting.

3.8 Electronics Practicals-111:

1. Study of thyrister characteristic

2. Study of: inverter circuits

3. Study of DC to DC convestor (Voltage doublers)

4. Study of AM generator

5. Study of AM director

6. Study of FM generator

7. Study of FM detector

8. Study of pulse position modulation

9 Study of pulse amplitude modulation

10. Study of pulse duration modulation

11. Study of Radio receivers

12. Study of TI receivers

13. Study of Fractional horse power motors.

14. Study of Triac and Diac

15. Study of Q of a coil using Q-meter

3.9 Electronic Practical and Projects:

At least six experiments on microprocessors based on 8085 and project based on microprocessors or on
software development.

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