Review exercise 2

1 The equation of the line is: 4 c

y  y1 x  x1

y2  y1 x2  x1
y  8 x  (2)

6  8 4  (2)
y 8 x  2

2 6
3y − 24 = −x − 2
x + 3y − 22 = 0

2 y  (4)  13 ( x  9)
y  4  13 ( x  9)
3 y  12  x  9
x  3 y  21  0
a = 1, b = −3, c = −21
Where l1 meets the x-axis, y = 0:
3 Using points A and B: 0 = 3x − 6
y  y1 x  x1 3x = 6

y2  y1 x2  x1 x=2
The point A is (2, 0).
y 3 x0
 Where l2 meets the x-axis, y = 0:
53 k 0 0 =  13 x + 4
y 3 x
 3 x = 4
1

2 k
x = 12
ky − 3k = 2x The point B is (12, 0).

Substituting point C into the equation:

k(2k) − 3k = 2(10)
2
2k − 3k − 20 = 0
(2k + 5)(k − 4) = 0
k =  52 or k = 4

4 a The gradient of l1 is 3.
So the gradient of l2 is  13 .
The equation of line l2 is:
y  2   13  x  6  AB = 12 − 2 = 10
The perpendicular height, using AB as the
y  2   13 x  2 base is 3.
y   13 x  4 Area of triangle ABC = 12 × base × height
= 12 × 10 × 3
b l1: y  3 x  6 = 15 units2
l2: y   13 x  4
3x  13 x  4  6
x  10
10
3
x=3
y=3×3−6=3
The point C is (3, 3).
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5 Using the sine rule: 7
b c

sin B sin C
b 5

sin 45 sin 30
5 sin 45
b
sin 30
2
5
b 2
1
2

b  10
AC = 10  cm a Using the cosine rule
x2 = 82 + 122 − 2 × 8 × 12 × cos 70°
6 a Using the cosine rule: = 142.332…
a 2  c2  b2 x = 11.93 km
cos B  The distance of ship C from ship A is
2ac
11.93 km.
(2 x  3) 2  52  ( x  1) 2
cos 60 
2(2 x  3)(5) b Using the sine rule:
1 4 x  12 x  9  25  ( x  2 x  1)
2 2 sin 70 sin A
 
2 10(2 x  3) 11.93 12
2 sin A = 0.94520…
5(2x − 3) = 3x − 14x + 33
A = 70.9°
3x2 − 24x +48 = 0
The bearing of ship C from ship A is
x2 − 8x + 16 = 0
100.9°.
b x2 − 8x + 16 = 0
8 a If triangle ABC is isosceles, then two of
(x − 4)2 = 0
the sides are equal.
x=4
AB = (6  2)2  (10  4)2 = 100 = 10
c Area = 12 ac sin B BC = (16  6)2  (10 10)2 = 100 = 10
a=2×4−3=5
c=5 AC = (16  2)2  (10  4)2 = 360 = 6 10
Area = 12 × 5 × 5 × sin 60° AB = BC, therefore ABC is isosceles.
= 10.8253...
= 10.8 cm2 (3 s.f.) b Using the cosine rule:
  a 2  c2  b2
cos B =
2ac
 
2
102  102  360
=
2(10)(10)
100  100  360
=
200
4
=
5
B = 143.13010...
ABC = 143.1° (1 d.p.)

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9 Using the sine rule in triangle ABD: 11 a The curve y = sin x crosses the x-axis at
sin BDA sin 40 (−360°, 0), (−180°, 0), (0°, 0), (180°, 0)
 and (360°, 0).
4.3 3.5
y = sin (x + 45°) is a translation of
4.3sin 40
sin BDA   45 
3.5  
= 0.78971… 0 
BDA = 52.16° so subtract 45° from the x-coordinates.

Using the angle sum of a triangle: The curve crosses the x-axis at
ABD = 180° − (52.16° + 40°) (−405°, 0), (−225°, 0), (−45°, 0), (135°, 0)
= 87.84° and (315°, 0).
(−405°, 0) is not in the range, so
Using the sine rule in triangle ABD: (−225°, 0), (−45°, 0), (135°, 0) and (315°, 0)
AD 3.5
 b The curve y = sin (x + 45°) crosses the
sin 87.84 sin 40 y-axis when x = 0.
AD = 5.44 cm
2
sin 45° =
AC = AD + DC 2
= 5.44 + 8.6  2
= 14.04 cm  0, 
 2 
Area of triangle ABC
= 12 × 4.3 × 14.04 × sin 40° 3 1
12 Crosses y-axis when x = 0 at sin 
= 19.4 cm2 4 2
æ 3p ö
10 a Crosses x-axis when sin ç x + ÷ = 0
è 4ø
3
x  , 0, , 2
4
7  3  5
x , , ,
4 4 4 4
So coordinates are
æ 1 ö æ 7p ö æ 3p ö æ p ö æ 5p ö
çè 0, ÷ , ç - ,0÷ , ç - ,0÷ , ç ,0÷ , ç ,0÷
2ø è 4 ø è 4 ø è 4 ø è 4 ø
b There are two solutions in the interval
0 ≤ x ≤ 360°. æ pö
13 a y = cos ç x - ÷ is y = cos x translated by
è 3ø
π
the vector  3 
 
0

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 æ pö 1
13 b Crosses y-axis when y = cos ç - ÷ =
16 a 1
2
(r + 10)2q - 12 r 2q = 40
è 3ø 2 20r  100  80
æ pö r  5  4
Crosses x-axis when cos ç x - ÷ = 0
è 3ø 4
p p 3p  r  5
x- = , 
3 2 2 4
5p 11p b r= - 5 = 6q
x= , q
6 6 4  5  6 2
So coordinates are
æ 1 ö æ 5p ö æ 11p ö 6 2  5  4  0
çè 0, 2 ÷ø , çè 6 ,0÷ø , çè 6 ,0÷ø (3  4)(2  1)  0
4 1
    or
æ pö 3 2
c cos ç x - ÷ = -0.27, 0 £ x £ 2p 1
è 3ø But θ cannot be negative, so q = , r = 3
cos 1 (0.27)  1.844 (3 d.p.)
2
So perimeter  20  r  (10  r )
  3 13
x   1.844 and x   2  1.844  20    28 cm
3 3 2 2
x  2.89, 5.49 (2 d.p.)
17 a arc BD  10  0.6  6cm
14 a Let C be the midpoint of AB.
Then AC = 3 cm, and AOC is a b Area of triangle ABC  12 (13 10) sin 0.6
right-angled triangle.
 65  0.567
  3  36.7 cm 2 (1 d.p.)
sin     0.6
2 5
Area of sector ABD  12 102  0.6

 sin 1 (0.6)  30 cm 2
2
Area of shaded area BCD  36.7  30
  2  sin 1 (0.6)  1.29 rad (3 s.f.)
 6.7 cm2 (1 d.p.)
b Use l = rq 18 a OED  90 because BC is parallel to ED
Minor arc AB  5 1.29  6.45cm (3 s.f.) 10
So r   13.07 cm (2 d.p.)
cos 0.7
15 As ABC is equilateral, BC = AC = 8 cm Area of sector OAB  12 r 2 1.4
BP = AB – AP = 8 – 6 = 2 cm
QC = BP = 2 cm  119.7 cm2 (1 d.p.)
 
BAC  , PQ  6   2 b BC = AC = r tan0.7
3 3
 6.28cm (2 d.p.) So perimeter = 2r tan 0.7 + r × 1.4
So perimeter = BC + BP + PQ + QC = (2 × 13.07 × 0.842) + (13.07 × 1.4)
= 18.28 cm (2 d.p.) =40.3 cm
Exact answer 12 + 2π cm

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19 Split each half of the rectangle as shown. p
So area U = r 2 - r 2 - 2R
4
æ p 3 pö 2
= ç 1- - 1+ + ÷r
è 4 4 6ø
æ 3 p ö r2
= r2 ç - ÷=
è 4 12 ø 12
3 3-p ( )
So shaded area = 2U =
6
(
r2
3 3-p )
Thus U 
r2
12
3 3π 
EFB is a right-angled triangle, and by 20 f(x) = 5x2
3 f ( x  h)  f ( x )
Pythagoras’ theorem, EF  r. f ′(x) = lim
2 h 0 h
 5( x  h) 2  5 x 2
Let EBF   , so tan   3, so    lim
3 h 0 h
   5 x  10 xh  5h 2  5 x 2
2
So FBC     lim
2 3 6 h 0 h
10 xh  5h 2

1 2  2  lim
Area S  r  r h 0 h
2 6 12
h(10 x  5h)
1 3 1 3 2  lim
Area T   r r  r h 0 h
2 2 2 8  lim(10 x  5h)
h 0
1
 Area R  r 2  Area S  Area T
2
As h  0, 10x + 5h  10x, so f'(x) = 10x
1 3  2
     r
 2 8 12 
1
21 y  4x 1  2x
3 2

dy  1 1 
  4  3x 2    2  x 2 
dx  2 
1
dy 
 12 x 2  x 2
dx
Or:
dy 1
 12 x 2  1
dx
1 p p x2
Area of sector ACB = r 2 = r 2 Or:
2 2 4
Area U = Area ABCD − Area sector ACB − 2R dy 1
 12 x 2 
 1 3  2 dx x
 r 2  r 2  2     r
4  2 8 12 
 3 
 r 2   
 4 12 

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 3 5 x
22 a y  4 x  3x  2 x 2
2 23 a y  4 x 2 
x
dy  1

  4 1x 0    3  32 x 2    2  2 x1   4 x  5 x 1  1
2

dx   dy
1
  4  2 x1    5  1x 2 
dy dx
 4  92 x  4 x
2
dx  8 x  5 x 2
At P, x  1, so
b For x  4,
dy
 3
   8  1   5  12 
y   4  4    3  4 2    2  42  dx
   85
 16   3  8   32 3
 16  24  32
8 dy
b At x  1, 3
So P (4, 8) lies on C. dx
dy
The value of is the gradient of the
c For x  4, dx
 1
 tangent.
dy
 4   92  4 2    4  4  5 1
dx   
At x  1, y  4 12 
1

 4    2   16
9
2  44 8
 4  9  16 Equation of the tangent:
 3 y – 8 = 3(x − 1)
This is the gradient of the tangent. y = 3x + 5
The normal is perpendicular to the
1 c y  0 : 0  3x  5
tangent, so the gradient is  . 3  5
m
The gradient of the normal at P is
1
. x   53
3 So k   53
Equation of the normal:
1
y  8   x  4  2 x  1 x  4 
3 24 a f  x  
3 y  24  x  4 x
2x  9x  4
2
3 y  x  20 
x
3 1 1
d y  0: 
 2x 2  9x 2  4x 2
0 = x + 20
x = −20 P  2, Q  9, R  4
Q is the point (−20, 0).
 3 12   1  12 
 4   20    8  0 
2 2
PQ  b f ' x   2 2 x    9 2 x  
   
 242  82   
3

 4  2 x 
1 2
 576  64  
 640 1

1

3
 3x 2  92 x 2
 2x 2

 64  10
 8 10

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24 c At x  1, 3
 2 1
 3x3 4 x 2
 1
    
1
 
3
25 c   3 x  4 x 2
 dx   3 C
f ' 1   3 12    92 1 2    2 1 2    3 2
      3
 3 2  2
9
 x  4
3 2
3 x 2
C
 11
2
3
 x3  83 x 2  C
The line 2y = 11x + 3 is  Or : x 3
 83 x x  C 
y  x 11
2
3
2

 The gradient is 11
2 . 26 a f '  x   6 x 2  10 x  12
6 x 3 10 x 2
The tangent to the curve where x = 1 is f  x    12 x  C
parallel to this line, since the gradients are 3 2
equal. When x = 5, y = 65, so:
6 125 10  25
65    60  C
25 a y  3x2  4 x 3 2
1 65  250  125  60  C
 3x 2  4 x 2
C  65  125  60  250
dy  1 1 
  3  2 x1    4  x 2  C 0
dx  2 
1
f  x   2 x3  5 x 2  12 x
dy 
 6x  2x 2
dx b f  x   x  2x2  5x 12
Or :
f  x   x  2 x  3 x  4 
dy 2 2
 6x  1  6x 
dx x
x2 c Curve meets x-axis where y  0
1
x  2 x  3 x  4   0
dy
b  6x  2x 2 x  0, x   32 , x  4
dx
When x  , y  
d2 y  1  32 
 6   2  x  When x  , y  
dx 2  2 
3
 6 x 2
Or:
d2 y 1
2
 6 3
dx
x2
Or : Crosses x-axis at   32 ,0  ,  0,0  and  4,0  .
d2 y 1
2
 6
dx x x

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Challenge

1 a Finding points B and C using y = 3x − 12: 3 a f '(−3) = k((−3)2 − 3 − 6) = 0

When y = 0, x = 4 f '(2) = k(22 + 2 − 6) = 0
When x = 0, y = −12 Using the factor theorem, x + 3 and x − 2
The point B is (4, 0) and are factors of f '(x).
the point C is (0, −12). So f '(x) = k(x + 3)(x − 2)
Using Pythagoras’ theorem to find the = k(x2 + x − 6)
length of the square: As f(x) is cubic, there are no other factors
BC = (0  4)2  (12  0)2 = 160 of f '(x).

 
2
Area of square = 160 = 160
 k(x  x  6) dx   (kx2  kx  6k ) dx
2
b
kx3 kx 2
b The point A is (−8, 4) and =   6kx  c
3 2
the point D is (−12, −8). At (−3, 76):
y y
The gradient of line AD = 2 1 k (3)3 k (3) 2
x2  x1   6k (3)  c  76
3 2
8  4 9k
= 9k   18k  c  76
12  8 2
12
= 27k
4  c  76
2
=3
The equation of line AD is: At (2, −49):
y − y1 = m(x − x1) k (2)3 k (2) 2
y − 4 = 3(x + 8)   6k (2)  c  49
y = 3x + 28 3 2
When y = 0, x =  283 8k
b  2k  12k  c  49
3
The point S is (  283 , 0).
22k
  c  49
3
π
2 Angle of minor arc = because it is a
2 27k
quarter circle Solving  c  76 and
2
Let the chord meet the circle at R and T. 22k
The area of P is the area of sector formed   c  49 simultaneously
by O, R and T less the area of the 3
triangle ORT. 27k 22k
c  76  and c   49
1  1  2 3
So area of P = r 2  r 2 sin 27k 22k
2 2 2 2 So 76  =  49
2 3
 1 r
2
 r 2     (   2) 456 − 81k = 44k − 294
 4 2 4 125k = 750
Area of Q = r 2  area of P k = 6, c = −5
 1 kx3 kx 2
  3 1  f(x) =   6kx  c
= r2       r2    3 2
 4 2  4 2
6 x3 6 x 2
r 2
=   6(6) x  5
 (3  2) 3 2
4 = 2x3 + 3x2 − 36x − 5
2
So ratio = (  2) : (3  2) = :1
3  2

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