TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING (LeChatelier’s Principle)

1. Given the system at equilibrium:

2POCl3(g) + energy <--> 2PCl3(g) + O2(g)
Which changes occur when O2(g) is added to this system?
(1) The equilibrium shifts to the right and the concentration
of PCl3(g) increases.
(2) The equilibrium shifts to the right and the concentration
of PCl3(g) decreases.
(3) The equilibrium shifts to the left and the concentration
of PCl3(g) increases.
(4) The equilibrium shifts to the left and the concentration
of PCl3(g) decreases.

2. Given the equation representing a reaction at equilibrium:

N2(g) + 3H2(g)<-->2NH3(g) + energy
Which change causes the equilibrium to shift to the right?
(1) decreasing the concentration of H2(g)
(2) decreasing the pressure
(3) increasing the concentration of N2(g)
(4) increasing the temperature

3. Given the reaction at equilibrium:

What occurs when the concentration of H2(g) is increased?

(1) The rate of the forward reaction increases and the
concentration of N2(g) decreases.
(2) The rate of the forward reaction decreases and the
concentration of N2(g) increases.
(3) The rate of the forward reaction and the concentration of
N2(g) both increase.
(4) The rate of the forward reaction and the concentration of
N2(g) both decrease
4. Given the reaction:
Ba(OH)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2 H2O(l) + energy
As the barium hydroxide solution is added to the solution of sulfuric
acid, the electrical conductivity of the acid solution decreases because
the
(1) volume of the reaction mixture increases
(2) temperature of the reaction mixture decreases
(3) concentration of ions increases
(4) concentration of ions decreases

5. Given the reaction: N2(g) + O2(g) + 182.6 kJ <--->2 NO(g)

Which change would cause an immediate increase in the rate of the
forward reaction?
(1) increasing the concentration of NO(g)
(2) increasing the concentration of N2(g)
(3) decreasing the reaction temperature
(4) decreasing the reaction pressure

6. Given the system at equilibrium: N2O4(g) + 58.1 kJ <--> 2 NO2(g)

What will be the result of an increase in temperature at constant
pressure?
(1) The equilibrium will shift to the left, and the concentration
of NO2(g) will decrease.
(2) The equilibrium will shift to the left, and the concentration
of NO2(g) will increase.
(3) The equilibrium will shift to the right, and the concentration
of NO (g) will decrease.
(4) The equilibrium will shift' to the right, and the
concentration of NO2(g) will increase.
7. Given the equilibrium reaction in a closed system: H2(g) + I2(g) +
heat <--> 2 HI(g) What will be the result of an increase in
temperature?
(1) The equilibrium will shift to the left and [H2] will increase.
(2) The equilibrium will shift to the right and [HI] will increase.
(3) The equilibrium will shift to the left and [H2] will decrease.
(4) The equilibrium will shift to the right and [HI] will
decrease.

Base your answers to questions 8 and 9 on the information below.

The equilibrium equation below is related to the manufacture of a
bleaching solution. In this equation, Cl–(aq) means that chloride ions are
surrounded by water molecules.
Cl2(g) + 2OH–(aq) <--> OCl–(aq) + Cl–(aq) + H2O(l)

8. Draw two water molecules showing the correct orientation of each

water molecule toward the chloride ion.

9. Explain, in terms of collision theory, why increasing the

concentration of Cl2(g) increases the concentration of OCl–(aq) in this
equilibrium system.

Base your answers to questions 10 to 12 on the information and

balanced equation below. Given the equation for a reaction at
equilibrium:

10. Explain, in terms of LeChatelier’s principle, why the concentration

of SO2(g) increases when the temperature is increased.
11. Explain, in terms of collisions between molecules, why increasing the
concentration of O2(g) produces a decrease in the concentration of
SO2(g).

12. Explain, in terms of collision theory, why the rate of the reaction
would decrease if the temperature of the reaction mixture was
lowered to 200.°C with pressure remaining unchanged.
.
Base your answers to questions 13 and 14 on the information and
equation below.
Human blood contains dissolved carbonic acid, H2CO3, in
equilibrium with carbon dioxide and water. The equilibrium system is
shown below.
H2CO3(aq) <---> CO2(aq) + H2O(l)
13. Explain, using LeChatelier's principle, why decreasing the
concentration of CO2 decreases the concentration of H2CO3.

14. What is the oxidation number of carbon in H2CO3(aq)?

Base your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the information below.

Given the equilibrium equation at 298 K:

15. Describe, in terms of LeChatelier’s principle, why an increase in

temperature increases the solubility of KNO3.

16. The equation indicates that KNO3 has formed a saturated solution.
Explain, in terms of equilibrium, why the solution is saturated.
Base your answers to questions 17 through 19 on the information below.
A student wishes to investigate how the reaction rate changes with a
change in concentration of HCl(aq).
Given the reaction: Zn(s) + HCl(aq) ---> H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)
17. Identify the independent variable in this investigation.

18. Identify one other variable that might affect the rate and should
be held constant during this investigation.

19. Describe the effect of increasing the concentration of HCl(aq) on

the reaction rate and justify your response in terms of collision theory.

20. Given the reaction at equilibrium: N2(g) + 3 H2(g) <--> 2 NH3(g) +

92.05 kj
a) State the effect on the number of moles of N2(g) if the
temperature of the system is increased.

b) State the effect on the number of moles of H2(g) if the

pressure on the system is increased.

c) State the effect on the number of moles of NH3(g) if a

catalyst is introduced into the reaction system. Explain
why this occurs.