Group 2 - Group Explanation 1

Math 365 Fall 2017

Due by 8 am on FRIDAY, October, 13 2017

A grade student is having trouble understanding the difference 402 − 173. Use the following four
methods to help the student understand this problem. Make sure that you are also preparing the
student to handle subtraction with larger numbers as well. When your methods are related to
each other, please highlight those relationships in the explanation as well. Remember that you
are not just telling the student HOW to get the answer. You are explaining the problem in a way
that helps the student UNDERSTAND this problem and apply that knowledge generally to other
problems as well.

a) Explain using a visual representation of the concrete model

b) Use the standard algorithm emphasizing place value language
c) Using an open number line
d) Using compensation (also called equal additions)

Group 2
Nola Bishop
Julie Hawkins
Julia Perry
Erin Simons
Part A : Explain using a visual representation of the concrete model

402-173=__________

When using the concrete model, we can use our base 10 blocks to have a visual representation of
the subtraction we are doing. Below I have drawn out the number 402.

In order to represent this number, we have to use 4 flats, 0 longs, and 2 units. We’re working in
Base 10. Flats represent 100, longs represent 10, and units represent 1. So, to get 402 we take the
4 flats and multiply it by 100 and add it to the 2 units multiplied by 1.

(#of flats * 100) + (# of longs * 10)+ (# of units * 1) = desired number

(4*100) + (0*10) + (2*1) = 400+0+2= 402

To subtract 173 from 402, we try taking away 1 flat, 7 longs, and 3 units. The number 173 is
depicted below.
Our first step will be the units. We see when we try to take away 3 units that we can’t because
we don’t have enough units. So, in order to do this we will need to regroup or break up a long
into 10 units.

We can do this because a long is made up of 10 units. We also don’t have any longs in this
picture above, so we will also need to regroup a flat into 10 longs for the same reason as
above. One of the ten longs will then be split into 10 units.

Now that we have enough units, we will subtract three units.

Next we look at the tens place. The tens place in the number 173 is taken by 7, so that means that
we need to take away 7 longs from the above diagram.

Lastly, we need to look at the hundreds place. In the number 173 the hundreds place is taken up
by a 1, so we need to take away one flat from the diagram.

Now, we need to know what number the picture above portrays. In order to do this we multiply
the number of flats by the number it represents, the number of longs by the number it represents,
and units by the number they represent. We did this above in one of our first steps to check that
we had the right diagram for 402.

(#of flats * 100)+(# of longs * 10)+ (# of units * 1) = desired number

(2*100) + (2*10) + (9*1) =

200 + 20 + 9 = 229
402 – 173 = 229
Step B : Use the standard algorithm emphasizing place value language

Step 1:
We’re going to solve 402 minus 173 using the standard 402
algorithm. First let’s set up 402 – 173. -173

Now starting from the right side of the problem, or the units Step 2:
place, we will subtract. Just looking at the units place of the 402
numbers, we need to solve 2 - 3.
-173
However, since 2 - 3 will not equal a whole number, we will need Step 3:
to borrow from the tens place. Borrowing means we will have to 402
regroup one set of ten from the tens place into units. Since we
need to borrow for the 2, we will move over one place value to -173
the tens place of the number 402. We will need to regroup one set
of 10 into units and then move it over.

When looking at the tens place, we can see that there are zero sets Step 4:
of 10 in the number 402 without regrouping, so as the problem is
currently written, we will not be able to borrow any tens for the
402
units place. This means we will now need to borrow from the -173
hundreds place so that we have sets in the tens place we are able
to regroup. Look at the number in the hundreds place of 402, so
there are 4 hundreds, and then we will regroup one set of 100
from the hundreds place into tens.

Since we are going to regroup these four hundreds, we will cross Step 5:
out the number 4 and will rewrite our new number of hundreds 402
about it after we regroup. Let’s take one set of the hundreds and
regroup it into tens. This will leave us with 3 hundreds and 10 -173
tens.
4 hundreds =
3 hundreds + 10 tens
Now we need to rewrite the number 402 in our problem with the
regrouping we just did. First make sure the number of hundreds
Step 6: 300
before regrouping, 4, is crossed out and then write the new 402
number of hundreds, 3, above it. -173
Next, move to the tens place to rewrite our amount of tens after Step 7:
regrouping. However, since we did not regroup the tens place and 300
are borrowing for it, we need to add the number of tens we
regrouped from the hundreds place to the number of tens already 402
in our number. So we have 10 groups of ten from regrouping and -173
0 groups of ten from the original number. So after adding them,
that means we have 10 groups of ten. New tens grouping:
10 tens + 0 tens = 10 tens

Let’s write that into our problem. Make sure the number of tens Step 8:
before regrouping, 0, is crossed out in the number and write the 3 100
number of tens, 10, above it. 402
-173
Now that we have regrouped our original 4 hundreds, we need to Step 9:
regroup the tens so that the subtraction in the units place can be 3 100
completed. Look at the number in the tens place, after regrouping, 402
of 402 which is the number 10. We will regroup one set of these
tens into units. Take 1 set of the 10 tens and group it into units, -173
giving us 9 tens and 10 units.
10 tens = 9 tens + 10 units

Now we need to rewrite our tens and units places to align with Step 10:
our regrouping. First, cross out the number in the tens place (the 900
3 100
10 that was written after regrouping the hundreds) and write the
new number of tens, 9, above it. 402
-173
Now we need to rewrite the units place. For the units place we Step 11:
can’t just write the number of units that we regrouped from the 900
tens place because that would leave out any units we originally 3 100
started with in the number 402. So let's take the 10 units we 402
regrouped from the tens place and add them to the 2 units that
already existed in our number. This will give us 12 units.
-173
New units grouping:
10 units + 2 units = 12 units
So cross out the number in the units place that represents the Step 12:
number of units before regrouping, and write our new number of 900
31012
units, 12, above it.
402
-173
Now that we have regrouped the tens place and borrowed for the Step 13:
units place, we can begin to subtract. Starting in the units place, 900
31012
we will subtract the bottom number from the top one. So we will
need to solve 12 – 3. 402
-173

After we get our solution, 9, we write it in the units place below Step 14:
the subtraction line. 900
31012
402
-173
9
Now we can move onto subtraction in the tens place. Subtract the Step 15:
bottom number in the tens place from the one above it. So we 900
must solve 9 - 7. 31012
402
-173
9
After we get our solution, 2, we write it in the tens place below Step 16:
the subtraction line. 900
31012
402
-173
29
Finally we can move onto subtraction in the hundreds place. We Step 17:
will subtract the bottom number in the hundreds place from the 900
top one. So we will solve 3 - 1. 31012
402
-173
29
After we get our solution, 2, we will write it in the hundreds place Step 18:
below the line. 900
31012
402
-173
Since there are no numbers in the thousands place to subtract, we 229
are done! Now we can see that 402 - 173 = 229.
Part C : Using an open number line

402-173=______

To start solving this equation, draw a number line with the lowest number (173 for this equation)
at the left end and the highest number (402) at the right end. Counting the distance between these
two number is the same as saying 402-173.

To make counting the distance easier, lets count to 180, which is the next number with a zero in
the ones place. After that we can choose to count by tens or even bigger numbers, like hundreds.
So now we jump by 7 to get to 180. (173 + 7 = 180)

I choose to count by twenties which got me to 200. (180 + 20 = 200).

200 is a nice and easy number to add by because it has a zero in the ones and tens places.

Then I started counting by hundreds. Remember that you don’t have to count by hundreds, you
can count by whatever you are comfortable with. I choose to count by hundreds because it’s
quicker and I’m comfortable with doing so.

From 200 I jumped by 100 to get to 300. (200 + 100 = 300)

From 300 I jumped again by 100 to get to 400. (300 + 100 = 400)

Finally, I counted by twos to get 402. (400 + 2 = 402)

The last step is to add up all the numbers we skip counted by.

This addition problem is 7+100+100+2. The answer to this problem is 229.

This means that the answer to the original subtraction problem is also 229.

402 – 173 = 229 = 7 + 20 + 100 + 100 + 2

Part D : Using Compensation (Also called Equal Additions)

1. 402
-173

Look to see if the number being subtracted needs to be rounded up or

down. We are going to round to the nearest ten, so if the last digit (the
number in the units place) is 4 or less, round the number down. Since 173
ends with a 3, we will round down. Rounding down will change the
number to 170 since we are rounding to the nearest tens place.

2. 402 - 3 399
-(173 - 3) -170

Since we subtracted 3 from 173 to get 170, we need to do the same for
402. If we do not, it will change the final answer. We have to do the same
thing to both numbers to keep the same outcome.

3. 399
-170

Now, check the number being subtracted. Since this number has 3 digits,
we are going to the round to the nearest hundred. If the number in the tens
place is 5 or greater, round up. Since the number is 170, we round up to
200.

4. 399 + 30 429
-(170 + 30) -200

Going from 170 to 200 added 30, so we need to add 30 to 399.

5. 429
-200
229

Now we subtract 200 from 429. This gives us 229.