• Administration refers to the process of

running an organization ,office or

business .This includes creating rules
and regulations , making decisions , mngt
of opearations creating organization of
employees staff people to direct
activities' towards achieving a common
goal objective
 Meaning of administration
• The word administer is derived from the latin word
Ad + ministraire which to care for or to look after
people to manage affairs

• Simple terms administration means the process

or activity of running an organization

• It is applicable to non –business concerns

schools, hospitals, etc

• influenced by public opinion ,government policies ,

religioius organization , customs etc
 Definition
• According to Herbert A Simon

• Administration is defined as the activities of

groups co-operating to accomplish common
goals .
• According to Theo Haimann
• Administration means the overall
determination of policies setting of major
objectives ,the identification of general
purposes and laying down of broad
programmes and projects “
 Nature of Educational
Administration
• The Educational Administration has the
following nature: ...
• To provide proper education to students: ...
• To Ensure Adequate Utilization Of All
Resources: ...
• To Ensure Professional Ethics And
Professional Development Among Teachers: ..
.
• To mobilize the community: ...
• To get the work done
 Nature of Educational
Administration:
1. Educational administration doesn’t refer to
any single process rather different processes or
aspects constitute administration. These are
planning, organizing, directing, Coordinating
and evaluation.

2. Educational administration is a non-profit

making task.

3. Educational administration is primarily a

social enterprise as it is more concerned with
human resources than with material resources.
• 4. Educational administration is more an art
than a science. The reason is that human
relationship prevailed here can’t be
maintained by any set of formulae.
• 5. Educational administration is similar to
general administration in many ways, but it
is also dissimilar to general administration
in many more ways.
• 6. Educational administration is a complex
affair. It is non profit making task
concerned with human resources
 Objectives of Educational
Administration:
• As we know the very fact that educational
administration needs integration and co-
ordination of all the physical and human
resources and educational elements.
Besides this it requires a great efficiency
with it based on human sympathy,
understanding, knowledge and skill. The
physical resources mainly contribute
building equipment’s and instructional
materials
• The human resources include pupils,
teachers, supervisors, administrators and
parents. The additional elements
comprise the various aspects of
educational theory and practice including
philosophy of education, objectives of
education, curriculum, method of teaching,
discipline, role of the teacher, rules and
regulations etc
• These elements are “parts, made into
whole” and are components brought into
harmonious relationship. So the purpose
of doing such vital task is to fulfill
different purposes which are known as the
objectives of educational administration.
• To provide proper education to students
• To Ensure Adequate Utilization Of All Resources
• To Ensure Professional Ethics And Professional
Development Among Teachers:
• To organize educational programmes for
acquainting students with the art of democratic
living
• To mobilize the community
• To organize co-curricular activities effectively for
developing talents of students and work efficiency
of educational teachers
• To prepare students for taking their places
in various vocations and avenues of life
• To train the students in developing
scientific attitude and objective outlook
among them towards all aspects and
activities of life
• To get the work done: effectively and
efficiently
• 1. To provide proper education to students:
• This objective seeks to mention the fact
that good education doesn’t mean
education at a very high cost as is practiced
in modern public schools. Rather it means
the right type of education from the right
type of teachers within reasonable cost.
This objective also implies quantitative
expansion and qualitative improvement of
education
• 2. To Ensure Adequate Utilization Of All
Resources:
• For adequate realization of the various
purposes of educational programme there
is the need of ensuring adequate
utilization of all available resources-
human, material and financia
• . To Ensure Professional Ethics And Professional
Development Among Teachers:
• As teachers are the senior and mature human
elements to accelerate the programme in time their
role is highly felt in this regard. They are to be
encouraged and given the facility to devise and try
out innovative ideas on instruction and to participate
in service education programmes. In this context, it
can be visualized that educational administration
should aim at developing a desire for hard work,
dedication and commitment for their job among
teachers.
• 4. To organize educational programmes
for acquainting students with the art of
democratic living and giving them
excellent training in democratic
citizenship
• To mobilize the community:
• Like general administration, educational
administration seeks to maintain and
improve the relations with the community.
For this it should seek community support
and co-operation for quantitative
expansion, qualitative improvements,
smooth and fair examination in the
educational system
• 6. To organize co-curricular activities
effectively for developing talents of students
and work efficiency of educational teachers

• 7. To get the work done:

• The most important objective of
administration is to get the work done
effectively, efficiently and with satisfaction to
the individuals and benefits to the society.
• 8. To prepare students for taking their
places in various vocations and avenues
of life.

• 9. To train the students in developing

scientific attitude and objective outlook
among them towards all aspects and
activities of life
10 To ensure qualitative improvement of
education:
• Good education can be provided to
students by bringing qualitative
improvement in instruction. Regular
supervision of teaching and guidance of
teachers help to ensure quality teaching in
schools.
Scope of Educational Administration:

The educational administration encompasses all the

levels of education in its jurisdiction
a. Pre-primary or pre-school Education.
b. Elementary or primary Education.
c. Secondary Education.
d. Higher Secondary or Post secondary Education and,
e. Higher or tertiary Education.
It is educational administration that determines what
should be the nature and system of administration for
all the above levels of education.
 2. It covers all forms of education
such as:
a. Formal Education
b. Non-formal Education and Adult Education
c. General Education
d. Vocational Education
e. Special Education
f. Teacher Education
g. Integrated Education and
h. Technical and professional Education including
Engineering, Medical, MBA, and Computer Education.
Here the educational administration sets the systems
of administration in accordance to the objectives and
nature of all the levels of education
3. It includes all types and strategies
of management that encompasses
the following:
a. Democratic Administration
b. Autocratic Administration
c. Nominal Administration
d. Real Administration
4. Educational administration covers
the following aspects relating to
management in its jurisdiction:
a. Planning
b. Organizing
c. Directing
d. Coordinating
e. Supervising
f. Controlling and
g. Evaluating
5. Educational Administration takes
place at various levels such as:

a. Central level
b. State level
c. District level
d. Block level and
e. Institutional level
programmes come under the scope
of educational administration at the
institutional level:
• a. Deciding the purposes of the institution
or school.
• b. Planning for academic or curricular and
co-curricular activities.
• c. Preparing the time table and the time
schedules for various activities.
d. Assigning duties and responsibilities to
the staff members.
e. Organizing curricular and co-curricular
programmes.
f. Directing and motivating the staff of the
institution.
g. Coordinating by efforts of people to
achieve the purpose.
h. Exercising control over the staff.
i. Conducting periodical reviews about the
progress, achievements and failures of the
institution.
j. Taking measures for staff development.
k. Maintaining order and discipline.
l. Management of materials.
m. Management of finance.
n. Maintaining records and registers up to date.
o. Maintaining human relationships.
p. Supervision of the work of teachers and
other employees.
q. Giving feedback to the teachers performing
well and taking remedial measures for teachers
not performing well
• Basic Functions of Educational
Administration:
• The prime concern of administration of any
programme is proper accomplishment of
the pre-fixed purposes and goals. This
becomes possible through adequate
utilization of both human and material
resources with the purpose of bringing
qualitative improvement of the programme..
• For this there is the necessity of different
aspects of management which are
accepted as the functions of
administration. In order to simplify it we
can be said here that proper management
of a programme needs various aspects
that are regarded as the functions of
administration
a.Planning
b. Organizing
c. Directing
d. Coordinating
e. Supervising
f. Controlling and
g. Evaluating
• In the field of educational administration, the
educational authority as the administrative
authority exercises its functions in relation to
the above mentioned aspects. But it is
essential to mention that the functions of
educational administration can be studied
under two major perspectives. One is in
general perspective and the other is in
contextual perspective. Let us discuss these
functions one by one
 1. Development of Human
Personality:
• As educational administration is a process of human
relationship it is much more influenced and
controlled by the various factors that are essential
for having smooth administration of an educational
programme. These are: philosophical, psychological,
sociological, historical and political.
• So it is necessary to highlight here that educational
administration is different from other types of
administration as it considers every human resource
as an asset and valuable potential through which the
development of their personality as well as of the
programme will be ensured. So development of
human personality should be the first and foremost
function of educational administration
 2. Provide and Ensure Proper
Utilisation of Human and Material
Resources:
• Before organizing any educational
programme it should be the first task and
responsibility of the educational authority to
involve and activate all the human resources
who are directly or indirectly linked and
involved in this process. Because due to their
activeness and readiness they would be able
to utilize the material resources properly. For
this purpose it is the responsibility of
educational administration to see that all the
parts are co-ordinated into a whole
3. To Make the Learner Active in the
Educational Programme:

• It is an established fact in the modern

educational theory and practices that the
child or educand is the central figure of
every educational programme. To
actualize this it should be the
responsibility of educational
administration to frame rules for
admission and promotion for the students.
• Besides this, there must be description for
the children or students in accordance of
their variety of needs, requirements,
capacities and demands and implement
them accordingly in a socially desirable
and acceptable manner
 4. Provide Adequate Physical
Facilities:

• The educational administration has to pay

deep insight with the problems of
provision and maintenance of the school
plant, equipment’s, play materials, library,
hostel building and other co-curricular
activities etc. Because without this facility
the administration of any educational
programme will never be a successful one.
 5. To Adhere the Legal Provision of
the Programme Strictly:

• It is an as usual practice that a set of rules

and regulations have been strictly framed
for every programme in the joint venture of
the competent authorities and the legal
advisors dealing in the concerned field.
The same situation occurs in the field of
educational administration.
• In this field the types and standards of
educational institution, powers and
functions of the controlling authorities,
their responsibilities and obligations have
been set accordingly. Here it is the task of
educational administration to see whether
these works are being done according to
rules and regulations meant for these.
 6. Decision Making In Respect of
Finance:

• It has been revealed from the research

findings of a noted economist that the
educational system must contribute to
national economy by improving human
and material resources in the long run.
• a) Problem of income and expenditure,
their accounting and auditing.
(b) To take decisions about the sharing of
the cost of education among the centre and
the states.
• (c) To frame rules for budgeting, spending
and controlling of funds and resources.
(d) To see that education is being made
within the financial and human resources
available in the country.
(e) To see that education is duly financed to
provide equality of opportunity in the field of
education.
(f) Attempts must be made to provide special
groups facilities of physical activities,
libraries and reading rooms.
 7.To Keep and Maintain Co-
Operation with the Society:

• As education is imparted in a social

institution to the social elements it should
keep relationship with the society. It is the
function of educational administration to
co-operate with the members of the
society in their programme as well as
need their co-operation while organizing
an educational programme.
• Then the educational administration of any
programme will be meaningful. Because
education is essentially a social affair and the
educational institution may be a school or a
college is charged by society, with the
responsibility of training and bringing up the
youth. So education is not an isolated activity
rather it is related to life and society. To make
the society worth living, educational
administration should develop co- operation
with society.
 8. To Deal With the Problem of
Curriculum Construction:
• Curriculum is the means through which the
goals of an educational programme can be
realized in one point and the students
become able to achieve their goals and
aspirations of life in another point. So the
curriculum of any educational or academic
programme should be perfect and
appropriate which creates a problem in the
educational process. This can be solved by
proper and effective educational
administration.
• It is an important function and
responsibility of the educational
administration to prepare a broad,
balanced, dynamic, flexible, utilitarian
curriculum for each stage of education
with the view to enable the individual to
equip with the change as time and
situation demands.