Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Research Paper
The Relationship Between Attachment Styles with Depression in Students
Banafshe Hasanvand*1, Alireza Merati2, Mohamad Khaledian3, Fariba Hasani4
1Department of psychology, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
2Department of psychology, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
3Department of psychology, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
4Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling and Guidance, Tehran Center Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Available online at: www.IJSMD.Com
Received 16th June 2014, Revised 2th August 2014, Accepted 13th August 2014
Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between attachment styles with depression among high school
students. The research society included all male and female students in different majors from Aleshtar medical Science University
during the academic year of 2010-2011.The sample volume involved 296subjects which was selected using simple random Sampling
method. The measurement tools were adult Attachment scale and Beck-depression test, the research method was correlative that is in
the context of practical research. Also, to analyze data result from Collins-Read, and Beck questionnaires, the Pearson correlation
coefficient and multi variant Regression was used. Findings showed that there is a significant negative relationship between secure
attachment styles with depression in students. And also there is a significant positive relationship between insecure attachment
(avoidance) styles and insecure (Anxious- ambivalence) with depression in students.
Key words: Attachment styles, Depression, Aleshtar, and high school.
Introduction: & Noller, 1991). They trust the universe and others, so secure
In transformational psychology the emotional link between attachment reflects rules which allow individual to identify his
the baby and the other is called attachment starts from infancy anxiety and return back to other to achieve support and
and it is stable over time (Bowlby, 1969).Several researches sympathy (Bowlby, 1972) insecure (avoidance) attachment: The
showed that attachment styles as a transformational factor in avoidant people have that characteristic of avoidant children
personal attitudes and the formation of personality is an .They avoid making intimate relations with others and get less
important determinant, as Carlston & Sroufe(1995) emphasized scores in love relation scales (Feeney & Noller, 1991).
on the importance of the attachment organizational system These people deny the importance of the attachment
interaction to unit emotional, motivational, cognitive and relationship in their interviews about adult attachment and try to
behavioral components. keep their distance from attachment topic and inhibit their
The attachment theory takes for granted the lack and initial negative excitations –They have a kind of scrupulous self-
rejection of the child by parents and its role facing with critical esteem. This style reflects rules which limits the anxiety
situations and adulthood shortages. The child succeed to identification and support exploration (Mikulinser & Florian,
establish a psycho, constituent by internalizing the nature of his 1998)
link to the parents, which determines his future relationship -Insecure attachment (anxious –ambivalence): Individual having
patterns .The concerned element is about individual attachment this attachment style are similar to ambivalent children .They are
and the studies about it shows that attachment is the first link exclusive and dependent on their emotional relations with others
that is formed between the child and mother after 6 month, its (Feeney & Noller, 1991):And they permanently are worried
main reaction is to protect the individual from devastation about being rejected by others so that they attempt to reduce
(Besharat, 2004). Attachment is the individual stable tendency their departure anxiety by extreme dependency they are aware of
to special effort to achieve or keep the relationship with one or their negative emotions in relationship with children attachment
more particular persons that is able to provide mental and experiences .As a result they are aware of their anxiety and
physical health and security (Mazaheri, 2000). Feruid, considers distress (Main et al, 1985). Thus anxious- ambivalence
the child attachment to the mother a unique feeling which serves attachment increases the sensitivity in a negative emotional
as the most powerful topic of love in whole life (Shaver & direction and anxiety rate. In some researches, attachment is
Mikulincer, 2005). defined as the young person tendency to explore neighborhood
Ainsworth et al (1978) introduced attachment kinds and with his peers and anxious –ambivalence (Khorram & Mohamad
measured it by observing children in the ((strange situation)) test. khani, 2010).
In this classification the attachment is divided into three kinds, Bowl discovered the process of forming and failure of emotional
secure, avoidance insecure, anxious - ambivalence insecure- relationships; especially he argued how children attached their
secure attachment: Individuals in this style are less afraid of initial protectors and their exciting sadness in departure time
dangers, because they don’t feel alone in risky situations (Bowlby 1969, 1973, 1980). The attachment theory views
(Mikulincer & Florian, 1995). human being as a social entity who has the capacity to
They tend to make intimate relationships with others (Feeney communicate other people .Bowl believes that attachment in
child –parent relationship transfers to the love relation in
*Correspondent Author Banafshe Hasanvand (Ba_hasanvand@yahoo.com)
Manuscript No: IJSMD-KINA-2014-360 adulthood and it can contribute on the excitements and behavior
recognition during life. Any disruption in an attachment