Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Role of Tip-Leakage Vortices and Passage Shock in Stall Inception in A Swept Transoninc Compressor Rotor
Загружено:
srinivasОригинальное название
Авторское право
Доступные форматы
Поделиться этим документом
Поделиться или встроить документ
Этот документ был вам полезен?
Это неприемлемый материал?
Пожаловаться на этот документАвторское право:
Доступные форматы
Role of Tip-Leakage Vortices and Passage Shock in Stall Inception in A Swept Transoninc Compressor Rotor
Загружено:
srinivasАвторское право:
Доступные форматы
Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2004
Power for Land, Sea, and Air
! " # $ % & & '
June 14-17, 2004, Vienna, Austria
( ) * + * + *
, ! - ' . - / + % & & ' + 0 * + ! 1 *
GT2004-53867
2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 3 L 4 T 7 9 @ 2 R ? 9 V >
U
7 > 5 5 ? > @ > 9 A B 3 2 > 5 C > A D R R 6 A X L A B > D 6 A X L A B > ? > @ > 9 A B 3 Y 9 V L A 9 C L A Z
: ; < ; = W < ; ;
D 2 7 > I > 7 9 5 J D K 3 6 L M M X ] D K 3 6 L M M O
E < F G H H H N F [ \ ; F N N G P F N
O M D B 3 4 5 6 7 7 R 3 9 3 S T A B R 5 9 @ 9 R T L I ^ O D J L 4 T 7 9 @ R A 9 V > S a b 9 c V R 9 c R d 6 7
H P G N N G P N Q Q N Q G F F G P _ ` H
@ b 6 ? R 9 J 6 9
; [
6 A B A 9 c C 5 T 6 5 > @
= e ; e
K 5 > > 4 d 9 5 5 9 Z D 2 6 5 B 6 5 5 9 C 6 D K 3 6 L M O
: [ F H F G P N ` H
O M M D 9 @ b 6 R a 9 J 6 9 S 9 > R T > R B L d
F H N G N G N F `
f g h
n o o n j n m r m n j o o n t t m k j m w | o u j t t x m u m n
m p o k r j s s j k o r q m n j k t j n n m k j s t u w u j p j z k q t j ~
j k l j m n j j o m m p j o n m o n q j r n
i
p o k l o s t u o l k l j o r j p j t m o r j j k n o m l m r n
n r p n m k m j l m r j o n m r m s j s t u s j t r m j n j k n o m s
t n j n j n m k m r m o m j n o n t t w
n s u n r v o u j n m o m k k q j o o w j t j s
i
k t j n n m k j s t u n m r o m j n k m u j n o o n j o k x m
g h
o n t t m k j m n j n m n t y j r m r j n t w j n r n m r l m o j n r j j v
| o u j t t x m u m n n t n j m s n j r m n q k t o o m
r q j m o m n t p o k l o s t u k n t k l t n m o n j n t j r n m s t u
q r j m n m o m k k q j o o o k k l o m j n j o j k m w
s j t r o n p n l o j n m k m r m o w j m l q j k n t j o l t o n j
i
q t j ~ s t u o l k l j o m j n j k n o m n o j s q m j n k m o
s o k q n j r u n p n t n t j q j n o l j r r n n w j m z j
i
j u j j m j k t j n n m k j s t u z n o o n j o k x z n m r t n r j
m l q j k n t t n m j r s t u s j t r o n j m j n j r r j m s j
l m r n t n j o n m r s j m t q j j n m n m j w l q j l o
t j o s s t u m j n k m o j u j j m j k t j n n m k j s t u z j
j ~ j q j m n t n m r n m n t k n t o l r j o s j m r u n t t s t u o l k l j o m
n o o n j o k x z n m r j t n r j { j m r u n t t l m r n t n j o w | m
n m o m k k q j o o o n p j j j m j j r s j ~ n q t j z
n r r m j s t u s j t r u m q m n t k t j n n m k j z u q j
r n q k y x j n t w z j m n p j j n t w z n n m r
s t u s j t r o n j n m n t y j r m r j r j m s j q j k n m o q o s
j t t n k z q n z l r j n m r j t j o m n z
t k x n j j m j n m } m j u y j k t j n n m k j z n m r m j u
n m n m j j n t w z n j n m r n w
t l q n m
m q m n t k t j n n m k j m j s u n r m s j t n r j n m r
r j n t o s j j m r u n t t s t u o l k l j m n m o m k k q j o o o
y j k t j n n m k j m j n s m w
n p j j q j j r s q j o j o l r j o z j j k o j s t u q j k n m o q o
j k l j m o l r o u o n j k t j n n m k j p j ~ r j o
i
n t j n r o n t t m k j m z j o j k n t t j t j s j
m j n x r u m z j p j m u j m j j n j o m n o n t t j r
k t j n n m k j p j ~ z n j m k t j n t l m r j o r w
k m r m w | m j n k m j u j j m j o k x n m r j o l k m o l s n k j
j k j m t z p n l o o l r j o s j ~ n q t j z k t j k j q n m r
l m r n t n j k n l o j o j o k x z n m r j j s j j k t j n n m k j
j y j k z s s q n m m n m r n t t q n m m z n q n r n j
p j ~ z o k t t n j w u j p j z s j k l j m t m p j o n j r
n t w n p j o j r k t j n n m k j p j ~ j n x r u m n o n
n m o m k k q j o o z o v k n t t j r j n x r u m s j
o o t j k n l o j s o n t t m n m m n k m p j m m n t t r j o m j r
k t j n n m k j p j ~ r j o m k k l r l m o n t t m k j m w
w j ~ j n x r u m o j s j j r n o n j m q j m m m
j k t j n n m k j p j ~ m n j o m j n j t j n r m j r j
i
u k n m n l k n m j m j p j ~ k j o l k l j k k l o w | m
z l q p j o r u m u n r m j o n m u o j r j k m m o r j j
n m o m k k q j o o o z o n l j r n o k x { v p j ~
t n r j n o o n j w t u q q j m l q j m r j p j t o n p j j
m j n k m k n m k n l o j p j ~ j n x r u m w q j j n t w
i
k t j n n m k j p j ~ s q s t u m n m s q j k n o m
o l r j r j m j n k m j u j j m t m l r m n t p k j o n m r m q n t
l m r n t n j w j t u q q j m l q n j n l t r o l q q j r n j t
i
n m r t l j o k x o w j o j r k j n s j k k l j m k j
i
r u m o j n q s j n o o n j o k x n m r n p j j k j p j ~ w
s p j ~ j n x r u m s q j o l r w | m n k n t n m o m k
o n j n q n j o u n r j j o o l j o r j s j t n r j n o o n j
i
k q j o o m j n j o n t t k m r m z j k j p j ~ o
n o j s t u n j o r j k j n o j r w j t u q q j m l q n j n j p j m o
i
t l j j n o o n j o k x n m r j o u t m j m o s j k j
m k q m s t u s q n o o m l j j o o l j o r j s j
1 Copyright © 2004 by ASME
p j ~ o j j q o u j n x s p j ~ j n x r u m n o j r m j j x j r j o m n n q j j o s j n j p j m m n t j w
i i
k j n o j r q j j n t w w | m j j o j m o l r z j u n o o u j s u n r l o m k r n j t m n m r
i i
j j n p s j k t j n n m k j k j p j ~ m j k l j m n m j m n t t j n m m j r j k m s n m w j r j o m
i
u n o o l r j r s o r j m s n m j n x v l r l m o n t t w j k n l o j k j r l j u n o r j m k n t n l o j r r j o m l m o u j o
m j n x l s j k t j n n m k j k j p j ~ k k l j r z j m n m r o j o j m j r n r n n m r n u w j u n o
i
s t k x n j m j n j k n o m r l m o n t t u n o s l j j ~ n q m j r w j o j r n j q j o o
j r m n q k j o j n k n n
j n m r | o q n j t n m r n n m r n j
n n j o m
k j n o j
w j n t o
o l r j r o n t t m k j m m n m o m k k q j o o o s j o j l z m o l q j m n m z n m r j ~ j q j m n t l m k j n m j o n j
m l q j k n t t w j n m r | o q n j t k n t k l t n j r l s t n r j r j o k j r n u n m r n r n w ~ j q j m n t
n o o n j o s o o q l t n j n m o n t t m o l q j m n m m k t l r j r s t u q j n o l j q j m o n j o n j m t j
m k j m w n n m r n j j s q j r s l t t v n m m l t l o n m r j ~ z m o l q j m n m s n t j o o l j n m r n t j q j n l j
k n t k l t n m o m p j o n j o n t t m k j m m n q r j m v v n j r u m o j n q o n t j n r m j r j z n m r o j n r n m r r m n q k
o j j r n m o m k k q j o o w s j o j o q l t n m o j o o l j q j n o l j q j m o n t m j k n o m w l m m m
l o j r j t n p j t k n o j k q l n m n t r o n k k q q r n j j q j n m r q j n o l j r k t j n n m k j s w m k j o n j l o j r s
q l t v n o o n j l m o j n r p o k l o s t u o q l t n m o j j s j z j m l q j k n t n m n t o o w j j s j z r j s t j k m o s j
i
r j n t j r s t u o l k l j o m o r j j k n o m l m r n t n j u j j j q j n l m m m o j j r u j j j t n k k l m j r s m j
m s l t t j o t p j r w u j p j z o l r j o j p j n t j r n j o n t t m l q j k n t o q l t n m o w
k j o o m n m o t n j r n m o m k k q j o o o r s s j j m
g h ) g h g h )
s q n m n o l o m k k q j o o w | m n m o t n j r
¢
g
n m o m k k q j o o z j n o o n j o k x o l j o o j o
j n r n m r l m o j n r z j j v r q j m o m n t z j m t r o v
l o j n q n n m s s t u r o l n m k j o m j n j l o r j
n p j n j r n p j v x j o j l n m o u j j o t p j r n m o j n r
j u n t t l m r n t n j o w o n j o l t z p n n m o m s t u
n m r l m o j n r s t u s j t r o n p n l o j n m k m r m o w
o l k l j j u j j m t n r j n o o n j o n j t j o o m l m k j r m o n t t j r
m o j n r o t l m o u j j l o j r r j m s q p j q j m s j
£
n m o m k o n m m o n t t j r o l o m k o w j j o j m
k t j n n m k j p j ~ n o n t j j n m k m r m o n m r n m
o l r z n o m t j v n o o n j s t u o q l t n m o l o j r o l r j
m o n m n m j l o s t u o l k l j o r l m o n t t m k j m w
m j n k m j u j j m j k t j n n m k j k j p j ~ n m r j
| m j k l j m o l r z j p j m m j l n m o n j o t p j r
n o o n j o k x w t j n o m t j v n o o n j s t u n m n t o o k n m m
u n j o o l j v n o j r q t k q j r l o m n s l t t k m o j p n p j
o q l t n j n o q q j k s j n l j o s j s t u m j o n t t j r
k m t p t l q j n n k w q r s j r u v j l n m l l t j m k j
k m r m z k n m j l o j r j ~ n q m j r j n t j r j n p s j
q r j t o n t j r s l l t j m k j k t o l j w r v r j n k k l n j
k t j n n m k j k j p j ~ n m r o m j n k m u j n o o n j o k x
m j t n m o k j q j o l o j r s j o n n t r o k j y n m s
r l m o n t t n n m o m k j n m k m r m o w
k m p j k m j q o n m r k j m n t r s s j j m k m o l o j r s r s s l o m
j k m k j s n o u j n m o m k n o j j m m r l k j r
i
j q o w j q j r o s o j k m r v r j o n n t n k k l n k m
i
m j r j o m s t t n r j r z v l v s t u z n m o m k
o q t p n m r o w q j v r j j m r j m j q o z n m q t k
k q j o o o j n m n j r m n q k j s s k j m k n m r j n m
o j k m r v r j o k j q j o l o j r n m r n m l q j s o l v j n m o n j
n m j u j m k j n o m o j j r s j ~ n q t j z
j s q j r n j n k q j o j w j p l o o l r j o l o m j k l j m
j m m j o q n m r l j n l w q j n o l j q j m o n m r
m l q j k n t k r j m r k n j n n j r m n q k t o o j o m n k n t
m l q j k n t o l r j o n p j o u m n n s u n r v o u j n o n
n m o m k k q j o o n j j r k j r u j t t j m l s j m m j j m
t n j o n t t q n m n m r j j s s k j m k n m n o q t n n r n t t
l r n m k j m r j o m n t k n m o w t o z j l n t n p j o n t t n m j
o n k x j r n r n j n t w z n j n t w w j n t j r
o k n t k l t n j r j n o m n t u j t t u j m l q j k n t k r j w j n t o
o l r j o s j m r u n t t s t u o l k l j o m o u j k q j o o o
s j k l j m q j r n m r n t k n m o n m o m k s t u o n j
j n m m j n o n t t n p j m j j j m j j r w
p j m n n m r j m m j o q w
j q n j k p j o s j k l j m u x n j n o s t t u o }
i
j k q l n m n t r o o u m m w w
o m t j t n r j
i
w m p j o n j r j n t j r s t u o l k l j o m j j m r u n t t
i
n o o n j k m o o o s m r j o m j t n r j v v t n r j r j k m z
j m z m k t l r m m j n k m o j u j j m j k t j n n m k j
m r j o m j o n m u o j r j k m z n m r m r j o m j
s t u z n o o n j o k x z n m r t n r j l m r n t n j o w
o j n q u o j r j k m w j k t j n n m k j j q j o
i
w j ~ n q m j j j n p s j k t j n n m k j p j ~ r l m
i
n k k l n j t j j o j m j r m r j o m t n r j v v t n r j r j k m z
o n t t m k j m w
m r j o m j o n m u o j r j k m z ¤ m r j o m j o j n q u o j
w j k q q j m r s l l j j o j n k j s s o m k m t t m
i
r j k m w j | v r t o l o j r j r l k j r o x j u m j o o z
i
j m r u n t t s t u j n p m n m o m k k q j o o o w
n m r n o m t j v t k x r o l o j r s j q n m n o o n j n m r j
g ¡ g . ¡ g g
k t j n n m k j w
l j o u o n j j v r q j m o m n t p j u s j s u n r v
n m r n r l m r n k m r m o s o t n j r s t u u j j
o u j m p j o n j r m j k l j m o l r w j u n o
i n t j r n j l m r n j o s j k q l n m n t r q n m w
m v
r j o m j r q p j j j s q n m k j s n m n t j n r u j t t v
j s t j k m l m r n k m r m o u j j n t j r n j m t j n m r j
r j o m j r n r n t t o n k x j r l n j r m n q k o u j j w
j ~ w j r k k m r m o u j j n t j r n j j r k
2 Copyright © 2004 by ASME
o l s n k j o z n m r m v o t k m r m o u j j l o j r m o t r u n t t o w
§ ¨ © ª « ¬ ® ¯ ¬ ® ° ª ± ¬ ² ³ ° © ´ ± µ ¶ ¨ ° · · ¸ ¯ °
o t n j j s s j k o s k t j n n m k j s t u m o n t t m k j m z n
j p l o o l r j m n p j j n t w o u j r n n q j i
s t u s j t r u y j k t j n n m k j u n o m p j o n j r s o w
o j s w ¤ o j k w u n o m j k j o o n k n l j o k x q m m n
t l j k t j n n m k j u n o j s s j k p j t o j y j z j k n o m
o q t n n m o m k w j j o j m o l r z j l m o j n r
j q n m j r o n m n u j t n p j q m j u j j m j n m r
m n l j s j s t u m n j o q n t s q j m j n k m s
j k n o m w l j o ¤ n m r o u n k m l q j k m l o n m r
j o k x u j t n r j l m r n t n j n m r j j o l t m p j ~
p j t k p j k o m j n j t j n r m j r j n j m j n v o n t t j n m
o j r r m w j j s j z n q j o j s w ¤ o j k w u n o l o j r s
i
k m r m w j j o l t o o u n j l m r n t n j m j t n r j
n t t l m o j n r s t u o q l t n m o w i
o l k m o l s n k j o j n n j o r u m o j n q s j n o o n j o k x w
h g ¡ ¥ g
m k o o s t u s q j o l k m o l s n k j j j o o l j
j n o l j r n m r k n t k l t n j r j s q n m k j q n o n j
o l s n k j q q j r n j t r u m o j n q s j o k x j o l t o m
j o j m j r m w w n t k l t n m o u j j j s q j r u j
o j n n m s j j m r u n t t l m r n t n j w m o j l j m t z j
m q m n t k t j n n m k j n m r u y j k t j n n m k j w r r m n t
s t u m k r j m k j m j n j t j n r m j r j m k j n o j o r n o k n t t w
k n t k l t n m o u j j j s q j r m j n j o n t t k m r m s n n n t
j p l o o l r j o m k q j o o o n t t j m q j m n s j ~ n q t j z
k t j n n m k j k n o j u m q m n t k t j n n m k j m j s u n r ¦
n j n m r n m r k n j n o n t t m n j o u j m
k r n m r y j k t j n n m k j m j n s ¦ k r w q n j r
k t j n n m k j s t u o t t o m j n r n k j m t n r j n o o n j s q j
j q j n o l j q j m o z j j o j m m l q j k n t k j r l j k n t k l t n j o n
j o o l j o r j n j t j n r m j r j w j j o l t o m w n o u
i
o t t j j o o l j o j n m r n o t t t u j n r n n k
n s t u m k r j m k j j o l t o s q o m k o o s t u
j s s k j m k s j k l j m k q j o o w j q j n o l j r
i
r u m o j n q s j n o o n j o k x u j j j j m r u n t t l m r n
k n n k j o k o n j r j p j r s q q j n o l j q j m o r u m o j n q s
t n j o j n n j o n m r n t n j t k x n j o s q j r w j o l t o m w
j o n w n j q o u j j q n r j n m j j n j j q j m
n t o m r k n j n j m k j n o j m s t u m k r j m k j o t n j o m j n
u j q j n o l j q j m o w j p l o o l r j o m n o q t n
j j m r u n t t n m r n o n t t m n j o p j k t o j j k n o m z m
j m n p j j n t w o u j r n j k l j m m l q j k n t
n u n s q j k n o m w
k j r l j j j o j m o q j n o l j r s t u k n n k j o k o u j t t j m l
s o j s m p j o n m w y j k t j n n m k j z j j s s k j m k § ¨ © ª « ¬ ® ¯ ¬ ® ° ª ± ¬ ² ¹ © º ± ¸ · ¨ ´ ± µ ¶ ¨ ° · · ¸ ¯ °
l j o u o j m k m l o m o j p j n t n ~ n t t n m j o n
m k j n o j o n l w ¦ w o r s s j j m k j o k t o j j s m r m o
i
j j j n m k m r m o w j j v r q j m o m n t n k j o s j
i
s w w q n m r n j j o u n j p l o o l r m j
k t j n n m k j p j ~ n j n t o o u m w j p j ~ n k j o n j
i
j s s j k o s k t j n n m k j m j j s q n m k j s n n m o m k
s q j r j t j n o m n k t j o s q j j m ¦ k r
k q j o o j m n p j j n t w w t o u y j
r u m o j n q s j t j n r m j r j n m r ¤ ¦ m q n t y j r
k t j n n m k j z j o n t t q n m m k j n o j o n l ¦ w s s j j m k j o
k t j n n m k j n p j j t n r j w j k t j n n m k j p k j o n j
i
m j s s k j m k n m r o n t t q n m j u j j m j y j k t j n n m k j n m r
q n m n m j r n m r o v k n t t j r p j ~ j n x r u m o m o j p j r z
j m q m n t k t j n n m k j k n o j o j j o j m j m j j s s j k o s
j p j m n j m v o n t t j n m k m r m w n l o j p l o o l r j o
k t j n n m k j w j n n t k t j n n m k j k n o j j ~ o n m m k j n o j m
i
s j ~ n q t j z k t j k j q n m r j y j k z s s q n m m
o n t t q n m s n l ¤ ¦ u m m k j n o j m j s s k j m k w
n m r n t t q n m m z n q n r n j n t w n p j m r k n j r n
j m q m n t k t j n n m k j k n o j z j m j n v o n t t j n m
k t j n n m k j p j ~ j n x r u m k k l o u j m j k t j n n m k j
m k j o m r o j j o n k x j o o l j n u k n o n t j z
p j ~ m j n k o u j n o o n j o k x n m j n v o n t t k m r m o w
o j n r z m l q j k n t o t l m k n m j n m j r u n s ~ j r j ~
| u n o m r j k t q t j r n p j ~ j n x r u m k n l o j o o n t t
o n k j o o l j w r j m s j m j n v o n t t j n m k m r m z
i
m k j m m j m p j o n m o m n m o m k s t u m n n r n t t
j n k x j o o l j u n o m k j n o j r m k j q j m o s w o m j n
o n k x j r
o w j j o l t o m w r m
i
j o n t t t q l m t n o t l m k l t r m t m j j n m j r w
i
o u o q t n j n p s j k t j n n m k j p j ~ r l m o n t t
l m r j o n m r k n m j o m s t u o l k l j r l m j o n t t k j o o z n m
m k j m w j k t j n n m k j p j ~ m n j o m j n j t j n r m
i
l m o j n r k n t k l t n m u n o j s q j r u n n o j r n k x j o o l j w
j r j s q m j n k m j u j j m j m k q m s t u n m r s t u
m m o n m n m j l o o t l m s q o k n t k l t n m o r j m s j r m
k q m p j j t n r j w o j t n r j t n r m m k j n o j o z j
w n o n m m v o n t t k m r m w l j l m o j n r k n t k l t n m o
j o o l j n r j m p j j m k j n o j o n m r j p j ~ q p j o
u j j n t o j s q j r n j m j n v o n t t k m r m m p j o n j j
s l j n u n s q j t n r j n s j s q n m n j t j n r m j r j w
l m o j n r m n l j s m j n k m o j u j j m j k t j n n m k j s t u z
j k t j n n m k j k j p j ~ n t o q p j o n r n t t m u n r n o
i
j n o o n j o k x z n m r j t n r j l m r n t n j o w
q p j o r u m o j n q w j k m s j k t j n n m k j p k j o
j n o l j r n m r k n t k l t n j r q j v n p j n j r j o o l j k m l o
m n m n ~ n t k o o t n m j o o u m m w s n t t j j
m j k n o m s j m q m n t k t j n n m k j k n o j n j k q n j r m
j n m k m r m o w j t n k x k k l t n n k n p j j n k j o
i
o w n m r w j j o l t o m r k n j n j m l q j k n t k j r l j
i
j j o j m o j q n k m j k n o m w j p k j o m n j n j
i
k n t k l t n j o j p j n t t s t u o l k l j k j k t n r s s j j m s t u
t n r j t j n r m j r j m j t j s n m r n n j m j
k m r m o w j j s j z m l q j k n t o t l m o n r s s j j m j n m
i
k k l q s j j m n t r j k m j w o n t t z j p j ~
k m r m o k n m j n m n t y j r m r j n t o l r j t j o s j
q p j o n r n t t m u n r q j n m n j n x j s s k j m k w
k t j n n m k j p j ~ n m r j n o o n j o k x m o n t t m k j m s j
j o j m s u n r v o u j w
3 Copyright © 2004 by ASME
l j o u o j m k m l o n j t n r j n m r n t j n r m j r j j o k x t j q p j o n r n t t r u m u n r n m r
¦ o n m z n t m u k t j n n m k j p j ~ n k j o w u o o n o u m j t n r j n o o n j w q j s j s t l r n q r v n
r j m s t u q q j m l q j m o m j n j k n o m z n o o k n j r u s q j o k x t j j n t m j r j n o o j o l j
j m w o o u m m o w n m r z j n j n o u t u k t j n n m k j s j n r n k j m t n r j z j o l t m m o v k n t t j r r l t j
q q j m l q s t l r n j m r j k t j t n j r j n j k s j t j n x n j w j k l j m s u n r v o u j z s q n m s j
k t j n n m k j p k j o w t u q q j m l q n j n m j n j j o o l j o r j s j t n r j m j n j
l j o u o p j t k p j k o k t j r n k m l q j k n o m n m r j j o l t m t n j t k x n j n j m k n l o j r j
n j t n r j n t m u k t j n n m k j p j ~ n k j o s n t t j n x r u m s j k t j n n m k j p j ~ w
j j j n m k m r m o w s s j j m k j o m j k t j n n m k j
§ ¨ © ª « ¬ ® ¯ ¬ ® ° ª ± ¬ ² » · ¬ ± · ¨ ´ ± µ ¶ ¨ ° · · ¸ ¯ °
p j ~ n k j o n m r p j t k s j t r o m j n j t j n r m j r j n
j ~ n q m j j m n m r j m s t l j m k j s j o m k o o
i
r s s j j m j n m k m r m o n j k t j n t t t l o n j r m w w
s t u n o m s q j m j n k m s j n o o n j o k x n m r j
o n t t z t x j j y j k t j n n m k j s t u s j t r n o n t t z n o m k o o
t n r j o l k m o l s n k j z n s t u s j t r u y j k t j n n m k j m j
s t u r j p j t o u j j j n o o n j o k x m j n k o u j t n r j
n s ¦ s j k r u n o m l q j k n t t o q l t n j r w | m w z
l m r n t n j w o k o o s t u o j j q o k n t u q q j m l q
i
n k m l q j k m l o z n k t j n k j o s j k t j n n m k j
s t l r s q j l o j n q j m r u n t t l m r n t n j w o
i
p j ~ z n m r n k j o s j t u q q j m l q n j n n j o u m s j
n k k l q l t n m s t u q q j m l q s t l r m k j n o j o s t u t k x n j
m j n v o n t t k m r m w q l j r p j t k p j k o n j t n r j
m j n j j o o l j o r j s j t j n r m j r j n m r j p j m o
o j k m n j o u m m w w j k n l o j j n o y j u j j
m k q m s t u s q j m j m j n o o n j m n j m z n o
j n o o n j o k x m j n k o u j o l k m o l s n k j z m n k t j o
o u m m w k w j t k p j k o m j n j t j n r m j r j m
k n m s t u p j j t n r j u n r j t u q q j m l q n j n w
w k o u n k t j n n m k j s t u o t t o m j n r n k j m
u j p j z o m k o o s t u o t t r j p j t o n o m j y j
t n r j n o o n j s q j j o o l j o r j s j t j n r m j r j r l j
k t j n n m k j k n o j n m r s t u n k t j o s q j l o j n q j m r u n t t
j t k x n j s o t u q q j m l q n j n w
l m r n t n j n k k l q l t n j k j n j j t u q q j m l q n j n w
j q o u j j q n r j n k j l o j n q s m r j m o s
o o u m m j j s q n m k j q n o s w z j n n t
j t u q q j m l q n j n o w l j o u o k n t k l t n j r n k
t k x n j s j n j ~ j m r o j j n m n m j s j
m l q j k m l o n ¦ o n m n m r n j t n r j o j k m n j
o q j u n u l n m m k j n o j m j s s k j m k z u k m r k n j o
o n t t k m r m w j j v r q j m o m n t n k t j n k j o m t l j u j j
i
n q o s j m s t l j m k j s j n s t u o r l j j
j t j n o j r s q j t u q q j m l q n j n o n o j o n m u o j
m m j s u n r n s j t n r j w
t k n m o n m r n k j r l o j n q n m r r u m o j n q w o o u m
m w z j n k k l q l t n m s j t u q q j m l q n j n o m
¼ ½ ½ ½
¯ ± ¨ ¨ · ¬ ± © ¸ © ¾ » · · ¿ ° « ² © ¯ À · ¸ Á ´ ± µ ¶ ¨ ° · · ¸ ¯ ° Â © ¬ ° Ã
j j o l t s n m j n x r u m s j k t j n n m k j p j ~ w | m o q j
j p l o o l r j o s j ~ n q t j z j m n p j j n t w
n m j m n t t k n m o z j j m r u n t t l m r n t n j j ~ j m r o m j n t
n p j o u m n j n o o n j o k x o k t t n j o p j n o q l k n o
¤ ¦ s j t n r j o n m m j s t u s j t r z n o o u m m w w j
i
¦ s j t n r j k r m n o q t n n m o m k k q j o o w j x j
t u q q j m l q n j n n ¦ o n m o s q j r s t l r k q m
j n t w n t o q j n o l j r l m o j n r q p j q j m s n
s q j l o j n q k n o m l m r n t n j w o s t l r q p j o
i
k t j n n m k j p j ~ m j j ~ j q j m n t o l r s n t u o j j r
n r n t t m u n r n m r u n o n l m r j k j p j ~ m j n j o k x
n ~ n t l q w | m j k l j m o l r z l m o j n r k n t k l t n m o u n
o l s n k j w o o u m m w n z o s t l r k n m j o s t u r j k m
q j o j s w ¤ o j k w u j j j s q j r s j m q m n t
o n t n l m r j k j p j ~ w j n p j n ~ n t p j t k
k t j n n m k j n j m j n v o n t t k m r m w l j ¤ o u o n k
k q m j m o n j k q q m t o j p j r n o o n m w n k j o s q
i
m l q j k m l o n m r j k t j n n m k j p j ~ n j j r s s j j m
j t u q q j m l q n j n n j t n r j o j k m o u n j
m o n m o m q j w j n o o n j o k x k n m j o j j m o k t t n j r l j
i
t u q q j m l q n j n o s q j r s t l r n k o o j o j t n r j
j m j n k m j u j j m j n o o n j o k x n m r j t n r j
n l v ¤ ¦ k r s q j t j n r m j r j w o s t l r n o o j o
i
l m r n t n j z n m r n m j o l t m p j ~ o j r r m w o j o k x
p j j k t j n n m k j p j ~ n m r j t u q q j m l q n j n o
o k t t n j o z j k o o s t u m n m n j o k x t j n t o
s q j r m j n j j o o l j o r j s j t n r j j m r j
o k t t n j o n m r j k t j n n m k j p j ~ k n m j o o n j k w
k t j n n m k j p j ~ w o s t l r n t o s t t u o j k o o s t u
i
u j p j z j k j p j ~ r j o m j n x r u m w j s t u
i
r j k m o j p j r n j t n r j m w k w j j m o u
i
l m o j n r m j o o o j p j r m j n j o n t t k m r m m o n m o m k
t u q q j m l q s t l r m o r j j k n o m l m r n t n j n j
o m r l j j j n x r u m s j k t j n n m k j p j ~ w
s q j r q n t u s t l r s q j l o j n q k n o m l m r n
j l m o j n r m j o o m j k l j m k q j o o o q n m t r l j
i
t n j n m r n k t j o k o o m p j j n r u m o j n q s j
o k x { l m r n v t n j m j n k m n m r n m j o l t m p j ~
t j n r m j r j w l j o u o j p j n t t o l k l j s j
o j r r m w Ä n l o j n m r q j j n t w k m k t l r j r
i
k t j n n m k j s t u n j o n t t k m r m u n k t j n k j o j t j n o j r
n j s q n m s n o n m n m m o j l j r s j m o j
s q j j n r n t t k n m o m j n w j k j p j ~ o
i
s o t j m r j p j ~ j n x r u m w q j o l r z o j j q o n j
s q j r s t l r m n m m j n j t j n r m j r j s j t n r j
k t j n n m k j p j ~ o l t r m j n k u n m q n t o k x s
o j k m w t l r m n m m j n j n o o n j o k x t j m j
p j ~ j n x r u m k k l w o o u m m o o l r z j
t n r j o l k m o r j m j n j n p j t o n p j j k j p j ~ n m r
k t j n n m k j p j ~ m j n k o u n m t l j o k x m j
s q o j t u q q j m l q n j n w o s j s t l r s q j
4 Copyright © 2004 by ASME
t n r j v v t n r j n m r o n m u o j r j k m o w o q k m l j j m n p j z w w z n j u z w w z n z w z n m r n r n z w w z
i
j s n k n j k t j n n m k j p j ~ r j o m j n x r u m s z É j s s j k o s t j n n m k j m n u j n m o m k
i i i
j k l j m z j p j m r l m j j n t o n t t m n m k j o o w q j o o z Ê
l m n t s l q n k m j z t w
Æ i
z w v w
¢
h h ) g g Å
j n t j r s t u s j n l j o m j n j k n o m m n s u n r v o u j
j m n p j z w w z l j n l z w w z n z w z z
n m o m k k q j o o u j j o l r j r u o j n r n m r
É m o j n r t u n m r k x m m n n m o m k q j o o
£ i
l m o j n r j j v r q j m o m n t p o k l o s t u n m n t o j o w j q n m
i
z Ê
|
l m n t s l t o m n m r u j z t w z w
Æ
j k p j o s j o l r u j j l m r j o n m r j t j o t n j r m
v w
o n t t m k j m s t u m j n k m o j u j j m j k t j n n m k j
s t u z j n o o n j o k x z n m r j t n r j n m r j m r u n t t l m r n
n z w z j m n p j z w w z l j n l z w w z n m r n r n z
w
t n j o w j s t t u m k m k t l o m o u j j r n u m w
i
w z z É m t s k x l k l j n m r j k m r n t u
j t r | m o r j n m o m k q j o o o l
i i
w j k t j n n m k j p j ~ z u k o s q j r s t l r k o o m
i
j r m n q k u j j z Ê
n j v È v ¤ w
i
j n p j k t o j j t j n r m j r j z q p j o n u n s q
j o l k m o r j n m r n r n t t m u n r n o j j n j o
n z n m r j t t n k z w z z É j p j t q j m s l m j
Æ
k t o j j o n t t k m r m
n t t n m r o | m s t l j m k j m j j s q n m k j s ~ n t q j o o
w j k t j n n m k j p j ~ r j o m j n x r u m z j p j m s
i
t n r j u o z Ê
l m n t s l q n k m j z t w z
w
Æ i
j n m m j o n t t j r k m r m w
z w v w
w t u q q j m l q n j n k k l o q q j r n j t r u m o j n q s
j n o o n j o k x n m r p j k t o j j k n o m w j
i
n z w n m r n j z w w z z É t j s t j n n m k j t u o
i
k t j n n m k j p j ~ n o o j o l m r j o t u q q j m l q n j n w
m t u | m o n t m ~ n t t u q j o o o z Ê | n j
j t u q q j m l q n j n o s q j r u s t l r s q j
i
v w
l o j n q j m r u n t t l m r n t n j n m r o t k n j r q l k
k t o j j j o o l j o r j s j t n r j n m o j
n z w n m r j m m j o q z
w w z z É j j v q j m o m n t
Æ i
k t j n n m k j p j ~ w j s q n m s o t u q q j m l q
i
t u j t r o | m o r j n n m o m k q j o o u u j
i
j m o m r j k t j t n j r j k t j n n m k j p j ~
t n r j o z Ê
l m n t s l q n k m j z t w z
w z
Æ i
n m o o t j j n x r u m s j k t j n n m k j p j ~ w o
i
w v ¤ w
t k x n j n j n q p j o s l j u n r j j o o l j o r j s j
t n r j s m j n v o n t t j n m w p j m l n t t z o t k x n j
j z w n m r | o q n j t z w Ç w z z É q l n m o s t n r j u
Æ
s k j o k t j n n m k j s t u o t t m j n r n k j m t n r j
n t t | m k j m m n m o m k t u o z Ê |
k j j r m o z w
i
n o o n j s q j j o o l j o r j z u k m n j o o n t t
v w
m k j m w
w p j m l j k t j n n m k j p j ~ r j o m j n x r u m z
s s q n m z w w n m r n t t q n m z w z z É q j
o j k o s
Æ i
j s t u s j t r j k q j o l m o j n r r l j o k x o k t t n m w
j ~ j n p m n n m o m k l k q j o o z Ê |
i i
j k t j n n m k j p j ~ o l o j l j m t o k t t n j o z l
i
n j v w
u l n m j n x r u m w
¤ w l j o l r j o n j m j k j o o n s m r u n o k m t j
Ä n l o j z w z z É
~ n t t u m t j m r j k j o z Ê k j j r m
s t u o l k l j m j n j k n o m z j o j k n t t j s q n m s
s s t r m j o o m q l n m n t j k n m k o w
j t u q q j m l q n j n z s j s s k j m j n m u n u r j
o n t t q n m w
n u z w w n m r n r n z
w w z z É u
o j k n
n m o m k o z n } n o j t m j j o m n m r j s q n m k j z Ê
i
¢
h Å ¡ )
l m n t s l q n k m j z t w ¤ z w v ¤ w
Æ i
j n l o u l t r t x j n k x m u t j r j j k m l m s
i
w j t t n k s | Ç m j n m j t t l o n m o w
Æ
n j z w w z n m r n z w z z É t k n m s n o m
k l q s j j m n t È p j o s | q p j r n t t n m m n
g g h
n m o m k
~ n t q j o o z Ê
n j È v v w
i i
r n q k y x z w w z j t j o m n z w w z n m r È j y j z w w z z
Æ Æ
É j t j s t j n n m k j m v j j r n m n t t z Ê
i i
k t j k j q z w n m r j y j k z w z z É j n x r u m s
i
l m n t s l q n k m j z t w ¤ z w v w
Æ i
j n x n j k j o m q j o o o n t u m r m o t o j
n t t z Ê
n j v È v w
i
q n z w w z z É n t k l t n m s t j n n m k j s s j k o m n
i
n m o m k q j o o z Ê
l m n t s
i Æ
l r j z Ä w w z n m r j t j o m n z w w z z É ~ j q j m n t n m r
l q n k m j z t w z w v w
i
q l n m n t | m p j o n m s j t j n n m k j t u m n
i
n m o m k
~ n t q j o o z Ê
v w
i i
¤
5 Copyright © 2004 by ASME
q j z Ç w z Ä t n o o z w z k j r j z w z n m r Ä n l o j z w z z n r n z w w z y l k z w w z n m r n t t z w z z É | m m j
i
É | m j n k m j u j j m m l r m n t k j o n m r
q n t n m r x m o s
j r m n q k u j j z Ê
n j v È v w
i
Ç t l j k x o z Ê k j j r m o s s t r m j o o m
q l n m n t j k n m k o w j m m j o q z
w w n m r l j n l w w z z É
j j v
Æ i
q j m o m n t r j t s j j r k m s k x o o j o m
n m n m j z w w z n y o n z
w w z r z w w z n n u n z w q j o o t n r j u o z Ê
l m n t s m m j j m s
Æ Æ Æ
w z Ç x o z w w z z É j k q q j m r n m o s
k j p m È n o l m j o n m r u j z t w z w ¤ v w
i i
k k l n j
l q j k n t q l t n m s j t j n n m k j t u o m n
i
n m o m k q j o o z Ê
l m n t s n q n r n z Ä z l l x n u n z w z | m l j z w z n m r l m n y n x z Ä w z z
i Æ
l q n k m j z t w z w v w É
l q j k n t
m n t o o s j n x n j t u j t r m n n m o m k
i i i
~ n t q j o o z Ê | È n j v ¤ w
i
n r n z
w w n m r n u z w w z z É u
o j k n
n m o m k o z n } | m s t l j m k j s k n m s n ~ q l q j x j z w w z n x n z w
w z n m r n t z w w z z É j
i i i
k x m j o o m n m o m k q j o o j s q n m k j z Ê
j m t r o
l q j t u l n m
~ n t v t u l q Ê
i i i
l m n t s l q n k m j z t w ¤ z w v w j j m m o t p n m n n j m p j o {
j k m k n t j
w
Æ i i £ i
v w
i
O R
N
½ ½
´ · Ë ¨ ° Ì Í Î © ¬ © Ï ° Ð Ñ ° ± ¿ ¸ » · · º ° ¬ ° Í
n n q j j n t l j
O R O
j k s k t u w t q { o j k v s Ò
j k j r j j r ¤ s { o j k
i
× ß
â ã ä å å
n j j o o l j n w
O R
H
æ ç ä è â ã ä å å
| m t j j k j r t u w t { o j k
é ç ä ê ç ë ë ì í ì ç æ í î
Ý
j n o l j r n j s s k j m k w
| m t j n r l o n w
2 9 7 B R 5 L d 6 5 9 7 B 7 > 9 A 9 5 B >
n q j j m
i
> 9 @ 4 A > d > 5 C
E
Ù Ø
R ^
H
l q j s t n r j o
2 9 7 B R á > A L B 7 > 9 A 9 5 B >
× Ø
2 9 7 B R b 9 A C 6 9 7 B 7 > 9 A 9 5 B >
j n m o j k n w
p j n j t r w
R
H _
F ` F F P ` P F
h 1 * Ó ( Ô Ó " Õ Ö
ï ½ ½
· ð © ¬ © µ ° ® ° · ¬ ± ©
R ^ M
`
R ^ O
`
â ã ä å å
÷
ô
R ^
`
à ô
é ç ä ê ç ë ë ì í ì ç æ í î
R
` _ _
à ô
æ ç ä è â ã ä å å
ó R
` _ P
2 9 7 B R 5 L d 6 5 9 7
ò
B 7 > 9 A 9 5 B >
> 9 @ 4 A > d > 5 C
E
R M
` _
2 7 7
R O
` _
O M O M
F F F P F _ P ` P P
h 1 * Ó ( Ô Ó " Õ Ö
ï
Ë ð © ¬ © ° ¾ ¾ ± ¯ ± ° ¸ ¯ Ð
½
§ ± ¿ ® ° ù Í ú ° · ® ° Á · ¸ Á ¯ · ¨ ¯ ® ¨ · ¬ ° Á © ¬ © µ ° ¾ © º · ¸ ¯ °
§ ± ¿ ® ° Ì Í ¶ © º µ ® ¬ · ¬ ± © ¸ · ¨ ¿ ± Á Í
½
º · µ Í
6 Copyright © 2004 by ASME
ï ½ ï ï ½ ï
· ð º ° · ® ° Á Ë ð ¯ · ¨ ¯ ® ¨ · ¬ ° Á · ð º ° · ® ° Á Ë ð ¯ · ¨ ¯ ® ¨ · ¬ ° Á
½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½
§ ± ¿ ® ° û Í ¶ © º µ · ± © ¸ © ¾ º ° · ® ° Á · ¸ Á ¯ · ¨ ¯ ® ¨ · ¬ ° Á ² © ® Á § ± ¿ ® ° ü Í ¶ © º µ · ± © ¸ © ¾ º ° · ® ° Á · ¸ Á ¯ · ¨ ¯ ® ¨ · ¬ ° Á ² © ® Á
½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½
¬ · ¬ ± ¯ µ ° ® ° · ¬ µ ° · À ° ¾ ¾ ± ¯ ± ° ¸ ¯ Ð Í ¬ · ¬ ± ¯ µ ° ® ° · ¬ ¸ ° · ý ¬ · ¨ ¨ ¯ © ¸ Á ± ¬ ± © ¸ Í
ï ½ ï ½
· ð þ þ Í ÿ µ · ¸ Ë ð þ ÿ µ · ¸
½
½ ½
§ ± ¿ ® ° ÿ Í ú · ¯ ² ¸ ® º Ë ° ¯ © ¸ ¬ © ® ¾ © ° © ¯ ¨ ° · · ¸ ¯ ° ¯ · ° · ¬ ¸ ° · ý ¬ · ¨ ¨ ¯ © ¸ Á ± ¬ ± © ¸ Í
h Ó (
ï ½ ï ½
· ð þ þ Í ÿ µ · ¸ Ë ð þ ÿ µ · ¸
½
½ ½
§ ± ¿ ® ° Í Â ° ¨ © ¯ ± ¬ Ð ° ¯ ¬ © ¾ © ° © ¯ ¨ ° · · ¸ ¯ ° ¯ · ° · ¬ ¸ ° · ý ¬ · ¨ ¨ ¯ © ¸ Á ± ¬ ± © ¸ Í
7 Copyright © 2004 by ASME
h ! 1 * Ó 1
) *
*
* 1 * Ó Ó
1 * Ó Ó
ï
½
· ð µ ° · À ° ¾ ¾ ± ¯ ± ° ¸ ¯ Ð ¯ © ¸ Á ± ¬ ± © ¸ § ± ¿ ® ° Í Î · Á ± · ¨ º ± ¿ · ¬ ± © ¸ © ¾ ¬ ± µ © ¬ ± ¯ ° · ¬ µ ° · À ° ¾ ¾ ± ¯ ± ° ¸ ¯ Ð
½
½ ½
¸ ° · ý ¬ · ¨ ¨ · ¸ Á ¬ · ¨ ¨ ¯ © ¸ Á ± ¬ ± © ¸ Í
) (
1 !
*
ï ½
Ë ð ¸ ° · ý ¬ · ¨ ¨ ¯ © ¸ Á ± ¬ ± © ¸
ï
½
· ð ° ¸ ¬ © µ Ð · ¬ þ µ · ¸
) (
1 !
*
ï ½
¯ ð ¬ · ¨ ¨ ¯ © ¸ Á ± ¬ ± © ¸
ï
Ë ð ° ¸ ¬ © µ Ð · ¬ Ë ¨ · Á ° ¬ ± µ
§ ± ¿ ® ° Í ´ ± µ © ¬ ° Ã ¬ · ¯ °
½
· ¸ Á ° ¸ ¬ © µ Ð © ¸ ¯ ©
½ ½
µ ¨ · ¸ °
½
Í
½ ½ ½
§ ± ¿ ® ° þ Í ´ ± µ © ¬ ° Ã ¬ · ¯ ° · ¸ Á ° ¸ ¬ © µ Ð ¯ © ¸ ¬ © ® · ¬ ¬ · ¨ ¨
¯ © ¸ Á ± ¬ ± © ¸ Í
8 Copyright © 2004 by ASME
ï ï ½ ½
· ð µ ° · À ° ¾ ¾ ± ¯ ± ° ¸ ¯ Ð ¯ © ¸ Á ± ¬ ± © ¸ · ð ú · ¯ ² ¸ ® º Ë ° ¯ © ¸ ¬ © ® · ¸ Á ¨ © ª ý º © º ° ¸ ¬ ® º ¬ · ¯ ° · ¬
½
þ µ · ¸
ï ½
Ë ð ¸ ° · ý ¬ · ¨ ¨ ¯ © ¸ Á ± ¬ ± © ¸
ï ½ ½
Ë ð ú · ¯ ² ¸ ® º Ë ° ¯ © ¸ ¬ © ® · ¸ Á ¨ © ª ý º © º ° ¸ ¬ ® º ¬ · ¯ ° · ¬
Ë ¨ · Á ° ¬ ± µ
§ ± ¿ ® ° Ì Ì Í ´ ± µ © ¬ ° Ã ¬ · ¯ °
½
¬ · ¯ °
½
¬ ² © ® ¿ ² ¨ © ª ý º © º ° ¸ ¬ ® º
½ ½
· ° · · ¸ Á ú · ¯ ² ¸ ® º Ë ° ¯ © ¸ ¬ © ® · ¬ ¬ · ¨ ¨ ¯ © ¸ Á ± ¬ ± © ¸ Í
ï ½
¯ ð ¬ · ¨ ¨ ¯ © ¸ Á ± ¬ ± © ¸
§ ± ¿ ® ° Ì
Í ´ ± µ © ¬ ° Ã ¬ · ¯ °
½
· ¸ Á ¬ ± µ ý
½
° ¯ ¬ ± © ¸ ° ¨ © ¯ ± ¬ Ð ° ¯ ¬ ©
½
¯ © ¨ © ° Á Ë Ð ú · ¯ ² ¸ ® º Ë ° Í
9 Copyright © 2004 by ASME
$ h
0 1 #
f Ó !
) (
1 !
*
ï ½
· ð ¬ · ¯ ° · ¬ ÿ ¿ · µ ² ° ± ¿ ² ¬
½
½
§ ± ¿ ® ° Ì û Í ´ ± µ © ¬ ° Ã ¬ · ¯ ° ¬ · ¯ ° ¬ ² © ® ¿ ² ¨ © ª ý º © º ° ¸ ¬ ® º
· ° · · ¸ Á ú · ¯ ² ¸ ® º Ë ° · ¬ Ë ¨ · Á ° ¬ ± µ µ · ¬ ± · ¨ ¬ ± µ ¿ · µ Í
ï ½
Ë ð ¬ · ¯ ° · ¬ ÿ
¿ · µ ² ° ± ¿ ² ¬
½
§ ± ¿ ® ° Ì ü Í Â ° ¨ © ¯ ± ¬ Ð ° ¯ ¬ © · ¬ Ë ¨ · Á ° ¬ ± µ µ · ¬ ± · ¨ ¬ ± µ ¿ · µ Í
ï ½
¯ ð ¬ · ¯ ° · ¬ þ ÿ ¿ · µ ² ° ± ¿ ² ¬
½ ½
§ ± ¿ ® ° Ì ù Í ´ ² ° ° ý Á ± º ° ¸ ± © ¸ · ¨ ¬ ® ¯ ¬ ® ° © ¾ ¬ ± µ ¨ ° · À · ¿ °
¾ ¨ © ª Í
10 Copyright © 2004 by ASME
ï ½
· ð ¬ ± º ° ¬ ° µ Ì Í
ï ½
Ë ð ¬ ± º ° ¬ ° µ ù
ï ½
¯ ð ¬ ± º ° ¬ ° µ û
§ ± ¿ ® ° Ì ÿ Í ¸
½
¬ · ¸ ¬ · ¸ ° © ®
½
¬ ± µ © ¬ ° Ã ¬ · ¯ °
½
· ¸ Á ú · ¯ ²
½ ½
¸ ® º Ë ° ¯ © ¸ ¬ © ® · ¬ ¬ ² ° ¬ ± µ ° ¯ ¬ ± © ¸ ¸ ° ·
½
¬ · ¨ ¨ ¯ © ¸ Á ± ¬ ± © ¸
½
¬ ± º ° ¬ ° µ û Í
11 Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Вам также может понравиться
- Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space RaceОт EverandHidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space RaceРейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд4/5 (895)
- The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good LifeОт EverandThe Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good LifeРейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд4/5 (5794)
- The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)От EverandThe Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)Рейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд4/5 (98)
- The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy LivingОт EverandThe Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy LivingРейтинг: 3.5 из 5 звезд3.5/5 (400)
- Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On ItОт EverandNever Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On ItРейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд4.5/5 (838)
- Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic FutureОт EverandElon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic FutureРейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд4.5/5 (474)
- A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True StoryОт EverandA Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True StoryРейтинг: 3.5 из 5 звезд3.5/5 (231)
- The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of CancerОт EverandThe Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of CancerРейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд4.5/5 (271)
- Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New AmericaОт EverandDevil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New AmericaРейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд4.5/5 (266)
- The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy AnswersОт EverandThe Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy AnswersРейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд4.5/5 (345)
- The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first CenturyОт EverandThe World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first CenturyРейтинг: 3.5 из 5 звезд3.5/5 (2259)
- Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham LincolnОт EverandTeam of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham LincolnРейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд4.5/5 (234)
- The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New AmericaОт EverandThe Unwinding: An Inner History of the New AmericaРейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд4/5 (45)
- The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You AreОт EverandThe Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You AreРейтинг: 4 из 5 звезд4/5 (1090)
- The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)От EverandThe Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)Рейтинг: 4.5 из 5 звезд4.5/5 (121)
- 1-Aerodynamics Quiz For Saturday 14-4-2018 Set BДокумент2 страницы1-Aerodynamics Quiz For Saturday 14-4-2018 Set BRolandHОценок пока нет
- Citation CJ4 ChecklistДокумент1 страницаCitation CJ4 ChecklistYuRiОценок пока нет
- Thrust and DragДокумент21 страницаThrust and DragJaswanth MankuОценок пока нет
- Final Report On 2009 Air France Crash - Released July 2012Документ224 страницыFinal Report On 2009 Air France Crash - Released July 2012Patrick100% (2)
- Specifikacija Armature I Faza PDFДокумент12 страницSpecifikacija Armature I Faza PDFArmin CausevicОценок пока нет
- 04 Limitations 737 678900 V14Документ10 страниц04 Limitations 737 678900 V14JavierОценок пока нет
- 412ep PDFДокумент52 страницы412ep PDFADRAI KHARAL100% (1)
- EASA-TCDS-E.042 Rolls - Royce Plc. RB211 Trent 700 Series Engines-02-29112013Документ30 страницEASA-TCDS-E.042 Rolls - Royce Plc. RB211 Trent 700 Series Engines-02-29112013ObakengОценок пока нет
- 90 110003 601Документ462 страницы90 110003 601Captainchandan ChakravarthyОценок пока нет
- 1000 Military Aircraft in Colour - TyrantboyДокумент146 страниц1000 Military Aircraft in Colour - TyrantboyDragan LukićОценок пока нет
- Aircraft Maintenance AssignmentДокумент10 страницAircraft Maintenance AssignmentThanas rubhenОценок пока нет
- Pub F 4 Phantom II Vs Mig 21Документ43 страницыPub F 4 Phantom II Vs Mig 21Luis Oscar Giancchini100% (3)
- H135 Brochure 2018Документ8 страницH135 Brochure 2018AxelОценок пока нет
- The Lambert Brothers': Spacious MissionДокумент3 страницыThe Lambert Brothers': Spacious Missionaj filesОценок пока нет
- Aerial Firefighting: Jump To Navigation Jump To SearchДокумент18 страницAerial Firefighting: Jump To Navigation Jump To SearchbubisharbiОценок пока нет
- GNS-X Enhanced: LS Operator's ManualДокумент431 страницаGNS-X Enhanced: LS Operator's ManualJose LaraОценок пока нет
- Citation CJ3+ Pilot TrainingДокумент1 страницаCitation CJ3+ Pilot TrainingPablo ContrerasОценок пока нет
- Chapter 51-33-00: © Airbus S.A.S. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary DocumentДокумент10 страницChapter 51-33-00: © Airbus S.A.S. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary DocumentJime OddoОценок пока нет
- Almost-Ready-To-Fly Radio Controlled Model Airplane: Instruction ManualДокумент32 страницыAlmost-Ready-To-Fly Radio Controlled Model Airplane: Instruction ManualrobОценок пока нет
- C152 Training Manual SAMPLE 16aug2011Документ34 страницыC152 Training Manual SAMPLE 16aug2011Arturo Canalda100% (1)
- Colores para Modelos A EscalaДокумент39 страницColores para Modelos A EscalaMario ArguesoОценок пока нет
- Brochure MototokДокумент32 страницыBrochure MototokAerospace Proyectos100% (1)
- Aircraft Lights & Beacons: Navigation Lights: All Aircraft Are Equipped With A Steady Light Near The LeadingДокумент4 страницыAircraft Lights & Beacons: Navigation Lights: All Aircraft Are Equipped With A Steady Light Near The LeadingMiquel Anxelu HeldersОценок пока нет
- Saab 340: The Versatile TurbopropДокумент22 страницыSaab 340: The Versatile TurbopropMaca Paca100% (3)
- 71-00-00-710-009-B - Vibration Check PDFДокумент3 страницы71-00-00-710-009-B - Vibration Check PDFEder Luciano100% (1)
- JOUR296 Homework Help 5Документ6 страницJOUR296 Homework Help 5Evelinka ArmanovОценок пока нет
- Nonuscert Appendix 09Документ8 страницNonuscert Appendix 09ShivamSrivastavaОценок пока нет
- Piper Seneca I ChecklistДокумент4 страницыPiper Seneca I ChecklistLuis VilchisОценок пока нет
- 01 045 FDSДокумент10 страниц01 045 FDSJaveria NaseemОценок пока нет
- MR Dardas Nikolaos Ticket PDFДокумент1 страницаMR Dardas Nikolaos Ticket PDFVasilis SamarasОценок пока нет
