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organization behaviour
study and application of knowledge about how people (individual/group) act within the organization
study of what people think, feel and do in and around organizations
Behaviour
our actions in the presence of others and our treatment of them
most general terms – conduct, demeanour, manners and deportment
Goals of HBO
describe systematically how people behave under a variety of conditions
to understand why people behave as they do (reasons for their actions)
predict future employee behaviour (prevent)
control (at least partially) and develop some human activity at work
Elements of HBO
People – individuals or groups
Structure – formal relationships of people in organizations
– affects coordination, negotiation and decision making
Technology – knowledge, techniques, resources which affect the tasks to be performed
Environment – physical environment
– all elements or forces with possible impact on the organization
Why study HBO?
It integrates behavioural science knowledge within the organizational setting.
Organizations are important in the society.
People related problems as among the most difficult problems of managers.
Contributing Disciplines to HBO
Psychology – study of human behaviour
Sociology – people in relation to their fellow human beings // man and society
Social Psychology – influence of people on one another // psycho and socio
Anthropology – study of societies // culture
Political Science – government // administration
Engineering – applied science of energy and matter
Management – administrative science // admin and organizational systems (POSDCon)
Medicine – health and well-being // stress management
The Nature of People
Individual differences
Perception – the unique way we see, organize and interpret things
Differences due: needs, personality, experience, demographic factors
A whole person – as human beings
Ex: work life vs home life
Motivated Behaviour – behaviour has certain causes needs
Desire for involvement – perform tasks // fulfil expectations // meaningful contribution
Value of the person or Ethical treatment – to be treated differently from other factors of production.
Nature of Organization
As a social system – people have needs but they also have roles and status:
a. Formal social system/organization – organizational chart; where one officially belongs in the org.
b. Informal social system/organization – spontaneously formed
Mutual interest – organizations need people; people need organizations
A. Assumptions about people/organizations
Every person is:
-significantly different from conception
-constantly active; goal seeking individual
-dynamic
The characteristic of the organization influence the behaviour of the organization. To a certain extent, it affects
the behaviour of individuals as well.
Behaviour cannot be predicted with 100% accuracy because of varying needs as well as value system.
No simple formulas for working with people. –
no ideal organization exists // no ideal person
B. Concepts
Behaviour can be learned. It can be modified or changed.
Human beings adapt.
C. Principles
Thorndike’s Law of Effect – when behaviour is followed by a satisfying state of affairs it will be repeated // when
followed by an unsatisfactory condition it will be extinguished.
Classical Conditioning is a powerful technique for altering behaviour.
No two individuals are alike in all dimensions.
Structure and Design of the Organization
I. Division of Labour
- process of dividing work into relatively specialized jobs
- to achieve advantages of specialization
a. Ways of Dividing Labour or Work
1. By different specialties – occupations and professional specialties ex.
accountants, engineers, physicians
2. By activities necessitated – by natural sequence of the work the organization does (process)
ex. in manufacturing plants assembly or fabrication
3. Divided along the vertical plans of the organization
~ based on hierarchy of authority
~ from lowest to highest level // ex. job of supervisor vs job of CEO
b. Departmentalization
- Dividing into departments
- With shared characteristics or basis
1. Functional departmentalization – according to functions
Ex. in banks: loans, investment etc. // in gov’t: education, finance
ADVANTAGES: working w/ individuals w/ same interest and background
DISADVANTAGES: identification w/ dep’t is stronger than identification w/ company
2. Geographic departmentalization – by area/territory
-good training grounds for managers
Ex. Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao
3. By product – used by multinationals in developed countries
Ex. SMC: beer, feeds, coffee, ice cream, meat products, beverages
4. By customers/clients – to better satisfy the needs of customers
Ex. in SM: ladies’, men’s, infants, teens
5. Others – by simple numbers military
Ex. squad, platoon, company, battalion
~by time/shifts morning, afternoon, evening, graveyard
~by process pattern making, cutting, sewing, pressing, ironing, etc.
~combination of different bases
PRES
VP
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Manager
SC = 7
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A B Supervisor
SC = 6
NARROW WIDE