THE INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION OF

PARENT STUDENTS OF BULACAN STATE

UNIVERSITY SARMIENTO CAMPUS

A Research

Presented to the

College of Education

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement

For the Subject of Principles of Teaching I

By:

DOTILLOS, ROXANNE TIFFANY P.

Submitted to:

ATTY. MA. PERPETUA SERAPIO

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i
Acknowledgement ii
Table of Contents iii
Abstract iv

CHAPTER I: PROBLEM AND SETTING

I. INTRODUCTION
II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
III. IMPORTANCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
IV. SCOPE AND DELIMINATIONS

CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

I. RELEVANT THEORY
II. DEFINITION OF TERMS
III. RELATED STUDIES
IV. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

CHAPTER III: METHODS OF RESEARCH AND PROCEDURES

I. METHODS OF RESEARCH
II. METHODS OF COLLECTING DATA AND DEVELOPMENT INSTRUMENT
III. NARRATIVE

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

I. PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS
II. DATA FROM SURVEYS
III. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
 Acknowledgement

I want to express my heartfelt appreciation and my deepest gratitude to the following persons. This will not
make possible without your help.

To my father, Mr. Allan Dotillos. The man who continue to inspire me and motivated me not tocontinue
dreaming, but rather to wake up and reach for my dreams.

To my mother, Mrs. Rose Dotillos, The wind beneath my wings, who believed in me and helped me overcome
my doubts about my capacity. Thank you for the guidance and inspiration

To my Professor here in Principles of Teaching I. Ma’am Ma. Perpetua Serapio. We give thanks to you in
supporting us in all endeavors and for helping us to be better in this teaching path. Thank you for the belief,
support and encouragement.

Above all Lord God Almighty, the source of my talent, now more than ever, may all the glory be given unto
you.

Roxanne “Xan” Tiffany Precillas Dotillos

 ABSTRACT

Educational psychology has identified two basic classifications of motivation - intrinsic

and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation arises from a desire to learn a topic due to its inherent

interests, for self-fulfillment, enjoyment and to achieve a mastery of the subject. On the other

hand, extrinsic motivation is motivation to perform and succeed for the sake of accomplishing a

specific result or outcome. Students who are very grade-oriented are extrinsically motivated,

whereas students who seem to truly embrace their work and take a genuine interest in it are

intrinsically motivated.

This work had the opportunity to know and analyze the parents and teachers' perception

about the risky factors that influence in scholars for the legal and illegal consumption of drugs.

The methodology focused is the qualitative one, of the descriptive explanatory type with the

modality of case study.

Great place to start for ideas and tips about increasing student motivation in your classes.

The author presents a handy distillation of research on motivation and uses examples and

anecdotes that bring this material to life. In addition to general strategies, this chapter addresses

successful instructional behaviors, how to structure a course to motivate students, de-

emphasizing grades and responding with other types of feedback to students

 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

The researcher would seem to define the concept of parenthood after all; it has been with

us since Adam and Eve (Genesis2; 2-7). But with the complexity of many variant lifestyle and

society, the term parenthood has been expanded. In the past parenthood meant that a person was

responsible for biologically producing a child (Parenting in perspective 1994). The dictionary

points out that a person is a parent if he or she has produced the offspring or has a legal status of

a father or a mother.

Our family is our foundation and our refuge, especially in times of defeat and failure. Our

father and mother as heads of the family will always stand us; our parents are the pillars of

support for our dreams, goals and plan.

Why then so many individuals become parent? For some people, pregnancy is planned-

an overt decision is made. For other respondents, although they plan sometime in the future to

become parents, the pregnancy is an accident due to negligence in the use of contraceptives.

Ignorance as to how and when contraception occurs also maybe the reason for pregnancy.

Why does the parent students spend long hour in studying, pursuing their studies to be

finish. Why some athletes prepare months of training for their Olympic competition. One of the

answers is this: the people involved are motivated to perform because they are responding to

their own motivation. According to Ivan Russell in his book, Motivation as an Educational

Problem has been define in variety of ways. The three qualities are included in most definition;

1. It is a presumed internal force, 2. Energize for action, 3. And determines the direction of the

action. The term motivation can be define as those factors that sustain, arouse and direct
behavior toward attainment of some goal. A point to be attained by an individual action.

Jonathan Livingston in his Psychology book defined motivation as internal processes that cannot

be directly seen, but which activate , guide, and maintain overt behavior.

In the book we read entitled break through – series authored by Ma. Zilpplita P. Rallos

and Bro. Roland R. Dizon. The state recognizes the Filipino family as the foundation of the

nation and shall thus strengthen its solidarity and activity to promote its total development. This

is under section 1, article XV of the 1987 Philippine constitutions.

The provision stresses that the family is the basic social unit of society. Our parents being

the head of the family are responsible for providing what a member needs physical health and

preparedness for a happy and responsive life in the larger community.

Elizabeth B. Hurlock in her book Development Psychology, states that marriage and

parenthood before young people have finished their education deprives them of the opportunity

to live many of the experience enjoyed by unmarried contemporaries or even by their married

friends who waited to be financially independent before marrying.

Motivation for parenthood, the most research document the Protanalism evidenced in

contemporary society. It is estimated that only ten percent (10%) of the population plan remain

childless. (Secombe, 1991), Calvert and Stanton (1992) found that eighty nine percent (89%) of

the adolescents they interviewed planned to be parents. Both boys and girls were equally

committed to parenthood.

Economic contributions of children to the family may be ruled out as a motivation for

parenthood for children today are an economic liability rather than an asset.
 Development theorists have emphasized that when individuals reached adulthood

there is a desire to care for others by having children and assuming the parenthood role.

(Erickson, 1993; Galinsky 1998), Gerson Berman, and Morris (1991) found that twenty (20) and

thirty (30) year old individual in their study were highly motivated towards parenthood, with the

younger subjects being significantly more motivated than the older ones. The subjects in the

Gerson (1991) study saw parenthood, as a way to contribute to society, achieve immorality,

experience love and life’s fuller meaning, remember and reexperience their own childhood,

achieve sex- role fulfillment, fulfill the desire to nurture, stimulate feelings of pride, and achieve

personal growth. Further parenthood was viewed as insurance during old age and as beneficial to

the husband – wife partnership.

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
 Give frequent, early, positive feedback that supports students' beliefs that they can do well.
 Ensure opportunities for students' success by assigning tasks that are neither too easy nor
too difficult.
 Help students find personal meaning and value in the material.
 Create an atmosphere that is open and positive.
 Help students feel that they are valued members of a learning community.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Why Are Students Unmotivated?

My research suggested three possible reasons for students ‘lack of motivation:

transitioning, autonomy, and perception of failure. Once the reasons why students are

unmotivated are clear, educators are better equipped to help their students. First, teachers must

ask some questions:

Is the student’s lack of motivation just the fallout from the student’s transition from elementary

school to middle school? This transition is a time when students ‘peer and community influences

change and the family focus shifts. As their children undergo this transition, parents know their

role is changing but may not know how to make their new role a positive one. Second, does the

student want to be more independent? Frustration levels increase at the middle level and the

student may feel a need for or lack of autonomy. At the middle level, students’ abilities to make

choices are growing, but the opportunities to do so may not be available to them. At least two

major components of their daily life—course selection and homework assignment—are decided

with little input from students. Not doing homework may feel like the only choice they
have.Third, what are the students’ perceptions of failure? According to Brewster and Fager

(2000), students who perceive themselves as having failed before are less likely to be motivated

in a learning environment

Giving Students Autonomy

Sometimes it takes a little more originality to reach student. All educators know that

giving students one on-one attention is a great way to teach, but we also know that some kids

won’t respond to teacher attention. When that happens, teachers must get creative and talk with

students and their parents. Students who have the opportunity to speak their minds and plan for

their own success will be more motivated. During one such talk, I asked a student’s grandfather

if the student fidgeted all the time at home like he did in class. The student wouldn’t sit still; the

only time he seemed to pay attention was when he held a set of drumsticks. The three of us

decided that if he could just touch something at all times, he might start to work more

productively in school. We concluded that a beanbag would be a good object for the student to

hold: It would be less noisy than the drumsticks if he dropped it, and he would be less likely to

hurt himself or someone else than with the drumsticks. After giving the student a beanbag, he

became much more focused and organized. By working together, as leaders often do, we

provided a successful strategy for the student. The attitudes of difficult students may need to be

called into attention. One student made disparaging remarks about other students, class material,

and my teaching methods. In confidence, I told her that although I respected her right to dislike

her classmates, my class, and me, we needed to find some common ground because she needed

to pass my class. I told her that she did not have to like me and that I didn’t have to like her, but

we needed to find a peaceful co-existence. No one had ever told her that she could dislike school

and teachers before and that they respected her autonomy. No one had given her the chance to
prove that she could make mature decisions and be a leader. Within a week of our conversation,

she was one of my hardest-working students, coming in for extra help and helping other students

stay on task. This method isn’t foolproof—but what is? Another student responded well at first

but let her work slide again because outside factors (e.g., her home life and friends) were pulling

her back into her old habits.

 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

Motivation Tips

Nothing can be a better motivation for college students than their teachers and

parents. Depression symptoms and other problems must not be ignored and the matter must be

discussed with the student with full care and love. If the student feels secure sharing his/her

views with elders, then the problem can be resolved easily. Schools should organize motivation

activities for students, like games, sports and competitions, which are essential for the holistic

personality development of the student. It is a fact that a student who is not performing good in

studies may perform really well in some sports. Let the students explore their hidden talents. The

teachers can also put motivation quotes for students on notice boards, school magazines and even

give the students a project in which they are expected to collect various motivational quotes.

Words have power and they can transform a student and make him eager to learn.

There are some other motivation techniques for students, like involving them in some activities

like dancing, music etc. that they are interested in, so that they can learn new hobbies and

increase their confidence. It is possible for every parent to boost their students motivation. Stop

ignoring your child's studies and do understand his need to be heard. Just supporting your child's

education monetarily isn't enough for a parent. Lack of motivation in students can be completely

eliminated if the parent and teachers understand the kid and support him/her to break any of his

negative patterns of thought.

Academic Pressures

It is a fact that every student is not of the same aptitude and mental ability as

another. Everyone takes time to learn and perform. While many students are able to tackle the
tough challenges of academic pressures and perform well in the exams, others are unable to

handle the pressure. Constant poor performance lowers the self-confidence of the student and the

student will feel lost in the crowd of brilliant students. Parents and teachers should ensure that

every student takes a career in the field that motivates him/her to give total dedication. Besides

academics, sports and other disciplines must also be encouraged.

Poor Self-Esteem

Low self-esteem in students forces them to quit challenges and accept the path of

least resistance. Even if these students try and complete some tasks, they are clouded by many

negative thinking patterns that block the flow of confidence in their personalities.

Early Adolescence

Early adolescence is a phase between elementary school and high school. In this

phase, there is a heightened awareness among the adolescent about his studies and

responsibilities. Besides these, behavioral changes in this phase lead to the formation of new

relationships with parents, friends and teachers. The period between 10 to 14 years is marked by

all-round growth and an entry into puberty. The students become highly sensitive and form new

ideas about their values of individualism and identity. If a student is demotivated in this phase,

he/she may fall in the trap of negativity for the coming years of life.

Disinterested Teachers

Often, teachers are unable to convey their expectations to the students and this

leads to a communication gap between them. Also, many teachers have the habit of constantly

dominating the thought process of students instead of encouraging curiosity and giving students

the freedom to express their thoughts and feelings to the teachers. Such attitudes from teachers
can cause lack of motivation in students.

Make it real

In order to foster intrinsic motivation, try to create learning activities that are

based on topics that are relevant to your students' lives. Strategies include using local examples,

teaching with events in the news, using pop culture technology (iPods, cell phones, YouTube

videos) to teach, or connecting the subject with your students' culture, outside interests or social

lives.

Provide choices

Students can have increased motivation when they feel some sense of autonomy

in the learning process, and that motivation declines when students have no voice in the class

structure. Giving your students options can be as simple as letting them pick their lab partners

or select from alternate assignments, or as complex as "contract teaching" wherein students can

determine their own grading scale, due dates and assignments. Kurvink, 1993 Reeve and

Hyungshim, 2006 (Perkins 2002, GSA Abstract)

Use peer models

Students can learn by watching a peer succeed at a task. In this context, a peer means

someone who the student identities with, not necessarily any other student. Peers may be drawn

from groups as defined by gender, ethnicity, social circles, interests, achievement level, clothing,

or age. [Margolis and McCabe, 2006]

Establish a sense of belonging

People have a fundamental need to feel connected or related to other people. In an

academic environment, research shows that students who feel they 'belong' have a higher degree
of intrinsic motivation and academic confidence. According to students, their sense of

belonging is fostered by an instructor that demonstrates warmth and openness, encourages

student participation, is enthusiastic, friendly and helpful, and is organized and prepared for

class.[Freeman, Anderman and Jensen, 2007] [Anderman and Leake, 2005]

Adopt a supportive style

A supportive teaching style that allows for student autonomy can foster increased

student interest, enjoyment, engagement and performance. Supportive teacher behaviors include

listening, giving hints and encouragement, being responsive to student questions and showing

empathy for students. Reeve and Hyungshim, 2006

Also see how immediacy in the classroom can be part of a supportive style of teaching.

Show me examples of supportive-style teacher behaviors

Show me examples of controlling-style teacher behaviors

Strategize with struggling students

When students are struggling with poor academic performance, low self-efficacy or

low motivation, one strategy that may help is to teach them how to learn. That is, to outline

specific strategies for completing an assignment, note-taking or reviewing for an exam.

 DEFINITION OF TERMS

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

The Performance of Parent Students in their studies.

ADMINISTRATION

The Agency of the University Staffs at BSU-SC.

BEHAVIOUR

The Acts or deeds of the Parent Students.

BSU- SC

University was Parent Students studying and where part of my research conducting

CHILDREN

The child that raised by Parent Student

FACULTY

Group of teachers that teach in BSU-SC

GOAL

The ambition of the parents Students they want to reach

RESPONDENT

Bounded of the study

MANAGEMENT

The Manner of Parent Students of handing their time between their studies and their home

MOTIVATION

The concentration of Parent in continuing their ambition.

OBLIGATION

A task, the duty of Parent Students to his Children and studies.

PARENTS

People who have a great responsibility in raising his/her child.

STUDENT PARENTS

People who are still studying even they have they own Family and Children.

PERFORAMANCE

It is an action or dead of the parent Students.

PRIORITIES

The first goal that has to be made by Parent Students.

PSYCHOLOGIST

The one who study the behavior of the Parent Students.

 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

THE INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC

MOTIVATION OF THE
STUDENTS PARENT
IN BSU-SC
FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2013

STUDENT PARENT

HOME SCHOOL

Behavior

MOTIVATION
LEGEND:
GOAL

REFERANCE

❏Anderman,- The
L. H.,general problem of our
& Midgley, C.research.
(1998). Motivation
and middle school
students (ERIC
Digest).
Champaign,IL: ERIC
- The respondent in our research.
Clearinghouse on
Elementary and
Early Childhood
Education. (ERIC
Document
- Shows the hardship on time
Reproduction
Service No. management of the parents
ED421281) students

❏Ashby, S., Garza,

C., & Rivas, M.
(1999). Public
- The obligations and the priorities
deliberation: A
of the parent students.
tool for connecting
school reform
anddiversity.
Austin, TX:
Southwest - The acts of the parent that we are
Educational going to study.
Development
Laboratory.
- The reason of the pursuance of the
❏Brewster, C., &
parent students to study.
Fager, J. (October,
2000). By request:
Increasing student
engagement and
motivation: From
time-on-task to goal of the parent students
- The
homework. that they wanted to reach.
Portland, OR:
Northwest
Regional
Educational
Laboratory.
 DATA COLLECTION DESIGN
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH

Condition, Attitudes,
OBSERVATION Behavior motivation COMMUNICATION
APPROACH APRROACH
DESCRIPTIVE
Event

STORY
TELLNG

CAMPUS

CHIKAHAN

HOUSE

KWENTUHAN

THE INTINSIC AND EXTRINSIC

MOTIVATION OF PARENT
STUDENTS OF BULACAN STATE
UNIVERSITY SARMIENTO CAMPUS
ACADEMIC YEAR 2013
EXPLANATION:

This conceptual framework shows the flow of my research about

THE INTINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION OF PARENT STUDENTS OF BULACAN

STATE UNIVERSITY SARMIENTO CAMPUS

It also includes the scope of our study that affects the behavior of the Parents Students that

causes the motivation to pursue their studies even though they are already a parents.

First, we will conduct a observation in their two obligation. We started in school

because we want to know their academic performance in their studies and their relationship with

their classmates and instructor. We also want to know on how they manage this we will able to

know their relationship with their children, family and their community.

With these two obligations, we will know the stand of the Parent Students in their

life to know how could they manage and overcome the hardships on managing their time and

solving their problems. Through their behavior we will understand the motivation of the parent

Students in reaching out their goal.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

LOCAL

This chapter from the book Tools for Teaching by Barbara Gross Davis (Jossey-Bass

Publishers: San Francisco, 1993) is a great place to start for ideas and tips about increasing

student motivation in your classes. The author presents a handy distillation of research on

motivation and uses examples and anecdotes that bring this material to life. In addition to general

strategies, this chapter addresses successful instructional behaviors, how to structure a course to

motivate students, de-emphasizing grades and responding with other types of feedback to

students, and tips to encourage students to complete assigned readings. A reference list points the

way to more specific information.

Excerpts from this chapter:

 Give frequent, early, positive feedback that supports students' beliefs that they can do well.

 Ensure opportunities for students' success by assigning tasks that are neither too easy nor

too difficult.

 Help students find personal meaning and value in the material.

 Create an atmosphere that is open and positive.

 Help students feel that they are valued members of a learning community.

Humans mature more complex more slowly than do the animals and, hence motivational

tendencies are also acquired much more slowly.

Man is a dependent on a lot of his essential satisfactions on others even using symbolic language

to communicate his desires.

Although both animals and man carry on the fundamentals maintenance needs in a similar

manner – like biological need for water, air, food, rest etc. goal striving behaviors and

consummator responses to the goal opened more speculation and theorizing chiefly on the

hidden events, the crucial internal events which are not readily evident according to Rosalinda

Arre- San Mateo in her book entitled Motivation Cycle (1992) states that: If the goal is achieved,

normally individual rarely stops, after your studies unfortunately you seek a job until you find

one that can retired from. Satisfaction in the right choice of job leads to the goal like marriage,

establishing a well – good family life etc. His called the motivation cycle. Josefina E. Gaerlan

(1994) et al, General Psychology fourth edition states that: there are many words that can be

used to describe motivations: need urges, impulses, desire goal purpose. All these word can refer

to the circumstances that energize behavior and give it direction.

Choosing your lifetime marriage – partner is one of the most important decision a person can

ever make in his or her life. Every family is unique. All parents have different ways on how to

bring up their children. On the book written by Thomas D. Andres, (1997) entitled Parenting by

Filipino Values states that; Family is the basic unit of society, the origin of many practices and

attitudes carried by an individual though his life, though knowing the importance of family life

cannot be over emphasize. Fe S. J Mangalindas et al. (19980 in her book Improving Family

Relationship states that: although families differ in many aspects, depending upon the culture and

traditions, still are composed of the parents and children. You have learned about families in
other countries and realize that families differ in their ideas of hour to bring up children, in their

resources, customs, tradition, goals and values.

Being a parent takes a lot of responsibilities and demands, one of which is the demand of time, J.

Ranilo B. Hermida et al., (1997) Parenting is round the Clock states that: there are some

demands that are important in parenting which are spending which are spending more time with

beloved children. Often times their pressures in which they prevent in doing that. But in the

parental presence, there is no substitute. The presence of the parents is important to their children

because they seek the love and care that they want to feel from their parents. It is instead of baby

sitter the children will be guided and will be disciplined by their parent. Alfredo Panizo .O.P et

al., (1994) Rights and Duties of Parents toward their Children, states that; Parents have and

inalienable right over their children who owe them submission of obedience. Parents are morally

bound to love and care for them, since the primary purpose for marriage is to procreate and

educate children, to correct and discipline them. Parents should provide their physical

development, health and recreation: intellectual, religious and moral education. Parents is the

first teacher of a child according to recent study published in the journal of health and social

behavior, adolescents who see their parent’s exercise regularly or not smoke or drink, tend to

follow such examples. For example, child see his father smoking regularly there is a possibility

that the child will also smoke when he grow up. Researchers found that boys more closely align

their lifestyle to their fathers while girls are more likely to emulate their mothers. The study

results hold true across social and economics lines. “Don’t let your kids bad habits get on your

nerves. Relax, bite your tongue and keep your cool.”

International
 The term is quite confusing in the Literature of Psychology and Education by E.C.

Tolman (1996). It is carelessly substituted for motivation, but normally, used to designated a

single or condition constituting the cause of given behavior it is meant to answer the question

“why does an organism behave in a given way?”

Upon this statement it said that is quite confusing when it comes to literature of

psychology and education the term motivation. It shows the attitudes that come into given

behavior by the one who did the actions.

A sociologist Alvin Toffler 1991, author of “Future shock”, he describes the family as the “giant

shock absorber” of society; the place to which the battered and bruised individual returns after

the battle win the world, increasingly the stable point in flux – filled environment. If which

members were educates the family will survive to choose values to live by and to value

themselves. It has a prime function: to help each other to be free enough to value themselves in

his fast moving world which the blurred by the rate and by polarization that has hit the society’s

institution. In this purpose, parents should understand the positive and negative areas, which they

contribute in their children behavior.

In a book Parenting in contemporary Society chapter I Parenting in Perspective Brooks et al.,

1991 states: that the concept or parenting has been defending as the process of being a parent. He

explains that parenting is a state that includes nourishing, protecting and guiding the child

through the course of development. This process explain the relationship of a parent and a child

and being extended in other person like siblings, peers, teacher, relatives, friend and others that

influence the physical, emotional, social and the intellectual development. It shows in relations

with the relationship of parent between their children. It includes the things they did not forget to
as a parent. They are the one who is giving or guiding their children to the right path and it is

important thing to them to do because it is a part of being a parent. 1992 when Van Ijzendoorn et

al. reported numerous studies documenting the intergenerational nature of parenting. He pointed

out that the continuity of parenting is stimulated by sharing the genes between generations, as

well as by sharing the same physical and social circumstances. Living in the same house or even

in the same neighborhood stimulates continuity and reinforces a certain interaction style

sustained across the life course even across generation. This states the nature of parenting. The

sharing of genes in generations to generations in physical appearance and in social aspects can

affect in their attitudes or in habits. Martin Halverson, Wampler and Hollet Wright et. al., 1991

investigated intergenerational differences in parenting styles and goals of mothers and

grandmothers, they found no generation difference in the goals of adjustment and traditional

values ad the personal success goals for their children. In such statement it tells the investigation

on the differences between goals, values and success for the children. For example in goals,

means the dreams of their children in values, they obtained as they follow because it is tradition

for them and last is the success; success is for the final achievement for the children. Belsky et

al., 1991 states that: the quality of care that parents provide is related to their experience in their

own family of origin. This is not surprising since parental characteristics linked to parenting

behavior are themselves thought to result from their own development experience. This show

how parents give care to their children even though they are busy working for them; they still

show it to their children. (Simons et al. 1990). Simons and associates found that constructive

parenting was negatively related ti individualistic values of both mother and father. The quality

of care that parents provide is related to their experience in their own family of origin.
On the book Parenting in Contemporary Society Chapter I Parenting in Perspective states that:

there are some interesting concepts of mothering that dictionaries produced, ranging from

Biological process of giving birth to exercising control over and responsibility for ones young.

Kindliness and affection exhibiting the phrase it also appear vague reference to demonstrating

qualities of a mother. Mothering viewed simply as possessing the biological and legal status of

mother, it is process of performing a social role or behavior that facilitates the development of

one’s children. There is simple and straightforward about mothering, because of its interesting

concept. Mother shows much care love and kindliness to their children. It is reasonable to

assume that optimal mothering comes to the optimal development of children Cooke et al, 1991

book compared the thinking process and knowledge of expert and novice mother. Novice mother

were first time mother with no education related to child development and rearing. Research

indicates expert mothers had at least one child and have experienced with children, had

education relevant to child rearing and were recommended by professional parent educators,

expertise in mothering included attributes such attentions focus on cues relevant to child goals

and needs.

Until today dictionaries use father as a figurative definition for creator or originator. From

traditional and sociological point of view Panson and Bales (1190) described the father’s role in

the family as being “instrument” he was responsible for and encouraged the family’s

relationships with the outside world. He usually expressed explicit child rearing values and

goals, among which were educators, moral and values. Fein et al., 1991 states that: The role of a

father in contributing to the psychological development of their children emphasis is in the

1990’s. According to them father were seen as being important in child rearing for the first time.

Three of the major child development outcomes were sex- role development, academic
performances, and moral development. A material in the Internet states: That first Generation

Student: Under graduates whose parents never enrolled in post Secondary Education. Parents

who want to study again were more likely enrolled in post secondary education, part time, two-

year institution: but the big question is “When do they find time?” Study found out that recent

student only spend twenty nine hours and five minutes (29.5) per week compare to the students

in early 60’s who spend sixty (60) hours per week in and out of class.

On the book written by Percy Nunn, The aim of Education 1999 edition, states that: Education

now is certainly an art. Asking on what good it aims to begin so it is reasonable. According to

Aristotle “Every art is thought to aim at some good. There is some purpose of education, it says,

to character; preparing for a complete living, producing a sound mind in sound body.

Trenchantly pointed out by Dr. M.W. Keating, the attempts in success in a state of universal is

largely illusory aim for education. A cynic face of such discovers might declare that the use of

maxims is real quoted to conceal, verbal Fog-screen behind, educational faith and practices are

different too, radical to be serious exposed and harmonized to the public view. The School and

Individual by Percy Nunn, states that: the idea of that a main function of school is to socialize its

pupils in no wise contradicts the view that it’s true aims to cultivation, nor assumes that all

children are potential genius. According to Mr. Branford the school should be “an individual

epitome or model of the world” not merely the world of ordinary affairs but the whole of

humanity, body and soul, past present and future. Mao Tse-tung 1998. Hegemonic Ideology

Educational Thoughts, states that the educational system is part of a culture of country. Mao also

accepted the basic principle that society and economy is part of education and the aim of

education is to create individuals that were both red and expert. Where redness is define as

possession of the communist outlook.

 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

Normally the goal of students is to finish their studies. For a parent students, it is their

second chance to their life, to see their futures with flying colors. This is their stepping stone to

find a job and satisfy their family’s needs. Through this, it will make them more responsible as a

parent because of the hardship that they encounter when they are still studying. According to

Manila Bulletin Philippines Panorama in their weekly Editorial entitled Graduation a passport to

a better future; “ones of the most important aspects of a person’s life is graduation, to parents,

it’s the second most joyful moment in their life after child’s birth. It is the transition from ones

academic level to a higher one to prepare the student for the realities of life in the twenty- first

centuries. A graduating student normally dreads the prospects of having to end the relationship

that he had postured with his classmates, teacher and friends. But of course, he cannot stay in

school all his life. Graduation therefore is the turning point in a student’s life one fall move and it

will mean falling short in his expectations in life. Manila Bulletin entitled Playing Dad by

Pauline Lazaro Department of tourism officer, Singapore create an interview with a single

mother Camille P. Balagtas , she got married at seventeen (17) and became a mother at eighteen

(18) and got separated at twenty three (23), she had a three kids with his separated husband , she

said that the practically raised her children alone and sent them to exclusive schools, according to

her having finished a degree despite her early was her parenting weapon she had graduated from

UP diliman and proceeded with MBA in Ateneo, according to her she would have ended up a

laborer with no means to provide for her kids.

Another study encountered by the researchers was the study written by Janella S. Cacdac For

reader Life Line Magazine edition entitled “Quality Time”. States that: achieving a certain
degree of quality time for new young parents is a daunting task Advancing a career at the same

time while faced with the emotional responsibility posed by raising a family is a challenge that

young couples meet on a day basis, add to this, the amount of time required in caring for babies

active the toddlers. The secret in achieving quality time lies in choosing products that ease the

challenges of modern life. These are products that provide high performance and posses time

saving characteristics without sacrificing quality. It is not for a parent’s student to have quality

time for themselves as well as for their family studies. It needs sacrificing your time for your

own. An examples of this is ones of our respondents, a mother of only one child states that it is a

matter of time management. After her class, she makes it to a point that she will teach her son on

doing his homework and after wards she do her mom’s works too. But if there is activities in

school like role-plays, hosting and research paper, she says that she need to sacrifice her family

for her academic performance. Being a parents need no time for the studies only, but to have

time with your family to make them feel the presence of being a parent and the essence of a

responsible mother or farther.

Having the time to go out with your family can bring enjoyment to the children and lessen the

burden of work and studying. It makes a parent relax their mind by simply seen their family

brings smile on that working day. Danilo S. Uy, 44 was an assistant manager at Hotel Nikko

Manila Garden when decided to study for master degree in Educational Psychology. His wife a

professor at the University of the Philippines was able to spend more time with their daughter.

Although he made it a point to take family out for occasional trips outside Manila he wished he

could be with them more often. As full time student with classes twice a week, he is now able to

do just that. Not only is he able to nurture his own intellectual progress but also he is also

involved with his daughters activities. On the order hand, Janella Cardac believes that one parent
does not have to sacrifice his or her own career, so can be with her children at home. Fuels for

family feuds occur when there has been a violation of justice or fairness. Fairness of the give and

take balance in relationships develops trust between people. Trustworthiness builds assurance

that one’s need, will be met without manipulation or threats of retaliation. Hurts in families can

last for years and be passed on down through generations cutting both wide and deep. Family

members lack trust and feel a destructive sense of entitlement. Feeling of both guilt and blame

are clues to the need of forgiveness. Forgiveness involves setting realistic goals and making

plans to build and test trustworthiness. Past hurts and old wounds can restrict your life in many

ways. Exonerating can help free you and your family members up from unnecessary burdens of

past baggage. Forgiveness can help families get fresh and starts building trust with a balance. In

the sibling rivalry of some degree or maybe in competition it can serve and it is healthy to

encourage the parent to strive for the better, the parents should accept their children as he is and

careful in loving them. Unconditional love means having to allow the teenagers in making

mistakes, and help in hand when needed, let them face the consequence of all they are doing, but

they should know that their parents is there for them. It is a basic need. In spite of the

shortcoming of the children, the parents still have concern for them to feel secured. In the

atmosphere, it also creates for the growth and learning. To remember this, is will do well to the

parents.
 CHAPTER III

METHODS OF RESEARCH AND PROCEDURE

METHODS OF RESEARCH

This study uses Qualitative type of research for us to show clearly the . We choose

Qualitative Methods because the distinction among data collection, data organization, and data

analysis are more difficult to define when the data are Qualitative. For example, data analysis

can often begin before data collection is completed. Second, the methods of analysis are less

structured than with Quantitative. As a third result, qualitative data analysis is much challenging

and at the same time more difficult to complete successfully and also primary mission, in the

analysis of qualitative data is to look for patters in data nothing similar and different.

The researchers used Descriptive Methods of Research, because this method of research

is a fact-finding study with adequate and accurate presentations of the findings. It is also used

because the study is only limited to select parent student in a short period of time. Descriptive

research describes records and reports phenomena. It can provide important fundamental

information for establishing and developing social programs. But it is not primarily concerned

with causes. Many survey trying to determine the extent of a particular social problem – for

exmple, the extent of child sexual abuse – is descriptive. The interpretative approach is generally

uses words (qualitative data) rather than numbers or concept that can be quantified (quantitative

data) rich description of phenomena can be produced. Often these descriptions emerge after

carefully selecting the participant in the research-often those are best informed about the

phenomenon being described. If the intention, however, were for the result to be generalize to
wider population and use as the justification for new or expanded services, the positivists

approach would probably be more suitable.

We also use Observation Method because the value of this method is that the researcher

can get information at the time they occur. We need not to depend on report by others and with

help of observation the researchers can overcome such of questioning that the respondents may

not want to report fully and fairly.

Observation can capture the whole event as it occurs in its natural environment.

The limitation also on the length of data collection activities imposed by service or experiment is

relaxed for observation.

In the said observational method it has some research limitation. The observant must

know where and when the event will occur. Observation is a slow and expensive process that

requires either human observer or costly surveillance equipment. One of the limitation of the

Observant method is the research environment is more likely suited to subjective assessment and

recording of data than controls the quantification of events. Observation is limited as a way to

learn about the fact. It is similarly as a method by which to learn what is going on in the present

as some distant place.

 METHODS OF COLLECTING DATA AND DEVELOPMENT OF
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Our data were gathered by means of observation, informal interview to our partners or

respondent, for us to know the information we need. Aside from following guideline for

observations, the researcher knows the respondent’s geographical condition, family background,

financial status, their everyday lives and daily activities. Observation was conducted in

respondent’s house and the researcher observes in their assign respondent and with the help of

the observation guideline we had, we get the date we need support our problem. We also

conducted observation in the campus in our free time, by means of sitting I our respondent’s

class, and then observe them in his/her academic performances.

We also prepared informal interviews; all members of the research team members conducted the

said interview; to ensure the similarity of approach, designated team members conducted a hard

copy record. These informal interviews were analyzed at subsequent research meeting to ensure

as much as possible, a common approach to interviewing.

Seven parent student were selected were in Bulacan State University- Sarmiento Campus. They

were then interviewed usually at the campus but sometimes at their house. The home site

provides interesting information regarding the context in which the parent student lived. The

researcher had the opportunity to observe, for instance, the nature of interaction between their

family and gather all the information that the researcher’s need.

Researcher went to different libraries in Manila to gathered data and information. We went to

Philippines Normal University (PNU), University of the East (UE), National Library, Sto.
Rosario College, Francisco Homes College abd with it we gathered photocopies, books,

magazines and any published materials.

After gathering all those materials that will support our needs, then we begin to observe our

seven respondents. Our leader assigned each one of us to be the partners of our respondents. We

have two (2) male and five (5) female. To make first move, the researcher sent them a letter for

them to agree that we are conducting an interview and observation. We make an informal

interview because that is the best way to know them more deeply.
 CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

After conducting our said research the observation process as well as scrutinizing the

gathered data and information, we, the researchers have found out that being a parent student

takes a lot of responsibilities and task. While we are conducting our observation with our

respondents, it was not easy for us to get information about them, every time we were in a

situation, which is sensitive to talk about. It is hard especially when we discuss it in a public

place, because some of them are not comfortable in conservation about that kind of topic in

school. They want it to be confidential, but we understand it because that is for their own sake.

They set date and place where we can observe them. We know that it is hard to keep in touch

with them because of their hectic schedule, but as much as we could, we are doing and giving

our best to be with them, not only just a partner but also as a friend. The nice thing about them is

when you talk to them, they are matured and you will learn many things for them. The process

involved with our respondents is becoming more friendly and observant. It is how we convince

our respondents to trust us so they can divulge to us some things that are sensible to them. This is

not an essay things rather than a complimented one. We should be sensitive because we should

know our scope and limitation in observing them.

 IMPLICATION OF THE FINDING
After going through the observations and studying our respondent’s lives, we found out

that the finding implied different conclusion. Being a parent student is not an easy thing to do. It

is lot responsibilities. It is so hard especially in managing their time at home and school. In the

span of time that we have observed them, we saw all their hardships that they were going

through. Their situation is much different with us, because of that we realized how difficult life

is. We have learned that we should give importance to the opportunity that we have now .we

should always grab it and do not loose it. after getting to know our respondents much deeper

much deeper as the days passed by, we were so amazed with their motivation life, we saw that

their spirits were high to finished their studies, for the future of their family, because of it we got

inspired to finished our studies and will never lose the opportunity that we have now. We also

found-out that if we have more responsibilities in life, we were getting more matured. We also

learned to our respondents that time is gold and we have to know the proper time management.
 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

The study by Merchant et al. (2001) explored the relationship of both family (parenting

style and parent involvement) and school contexts on students’ motivation. Researchers

examined how students’ perceptions of their motivations and academic self-competence mediate

between these environmental contexts and academic achievement. Two hundred thirty-fifth- and

sixth-grade students responded to questionnaires using four scales that assessed parenting style

and parental involvement. Parenting style was measured using two dimensions: demandingness

(authority) and responsiveness (warmth). Parental involvement was also defined using two

dimensions: parental values and parental involvement in school functions. The parental values

scale included seven items that measured students ‘perceptions of parents’ values and attitudes

about the importance of effort and academic success. The parental involvement in school

functions scale consisted of five items concerning students’ perceptions of parental involvement

in school activities. The teacher control scale and the teacher responsiveness scale were

administered to measure teaching style. School atmosphere was measured using the school

responsiveness scale. Students also responded to three measures designed to measure

achievement outcomes. Students’ school achievement was represented by their grades from the

most recent grading period. Students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations well as their academic

self-competence were measured using the motivations scale and the academic competence scale,

respectively.
MOTIVATION TO READ

Research has uncovered relationships between parent involvement and students’

motivation in particular academic activities. A study by Adunyarittigun (1997) investigated the

effects of a parent volunteer program on children’s self-perceptions as readers and their

motivation to read. The participants were 10 fourth- and sixth-grade students who were identified

as achieving below grade level and who were low motivated readers. They attended a five-week

class in the Summer Reading Program (SRP) at the University of Maryland. Thirteen parents of

children who were attending the SRP voluntarily participated in the program. Parent

participation varied from once in five weeks to three times a week. The program consisted of

reading instruction from qualified clinicians and volunteer parents who assisted the students with

reading, word-identification, comprehension, and reading projects. Parent volunteers listened to

and assisted students when they experienced difficulty and provided encouragement. The

students were given pre- and post-tests using the Reader Self-Perception Scale(RSPS). The post-

test results from the RSPS indicated: greater confidence and self-efficacy as readers, increased

motivation to read, and emerging evidence of involvement in literacy activities. Students viewed

their parents as role models and trusted partners in helping them assess their own capabilities and

performance. Support from parents provided them with the

Self-confidence to persist when confronted with challenges.

 SURVEY
NAME:
COURSE/YEAR/SEC:

Please circle the number corresponding to how well you agree with each of the statements below.

6: strongly agree
5: moderately agree
4: slightly agree
3: neutral (no opinion)
2: slightly disagree
1: moderately disagree
0: strongly disagree

1) If I were visiting a foreign country, I would like to be able to speak 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

the language of the people.

2) It is important for everyone to learn foreign language. 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

3) I wish I could speak another language perfectly. 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

4) I want to read the literature of another culture in the original 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

language rather than a translation.

5) I wish I could read newspapers and magazines in another language. 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

6) I would really like to learn a lot of foreign languages. 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7) If I planned to stay in another country, I would make an effort to 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

learn the language although I could get along in my native
language.

8) I enjoy meeting and listening to people who speak other languages. 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

9) Studying a foreign language is an enjoyable experience. 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

 REFERENCE
❏Anderman, L. H., & Midgley, C. (1998). Motivation and middle school students (ERIC

Digest). Champaign,IL: ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education.

(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED421281)

❏Ashby, S., Garza, C., & Rivas, M. (1999). Public deliberation: A tool for connecting school

reform anddiversity. Austin, TX: Southwest Educational Development Laboratory.

❏Brewster, C., & Fager, J. (October, 2000). By request: Increasing student engagement and

motivation: From time-on-task to homework. Portland, OR: Northwest Regional Educational

Laboratory.

❏Fager, J., & Brewster, C. (1999, March). By request: Parent partners: Using parents to

enhance education. Portland, OR: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory.

❏Henderson, A. T., & Mapp, K. L. (with Averett, A.,Buttram, J., Donnelly, D., Fowler, M.,

Jordan, C.,Myers, M., Orozco, E., & Wood, L.). (2002). A new wave of evidence: The impact

of school, family, and communityconnections of student achievement. Austin, TX:Southwest

Educational Development Laboratory.

❏Jordan, W. J., & Nettles, S. M. (1999). How students invest their time out of school: Effects

on school engagement,perceptions of life chances, and achievement (ReportNo. 29). Baltimore,

MD: Center for Research on theEducation of Students Placed At Risk.

❏Kroll, J., Sexton, R. F., Raimondo, B. N., Corbett,H. D., & Wilson, B. (2001). Setting the

stage for success: Bringing parents into education reform as advocate’s forhigher student

achievement. Philadelphia & Washington,DC: Pew Charitable Trusts.

 CONCLUSION

My research is all about “T

The Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of parent students of

Bulacan State University Sarmiento Campus” In my observation with my respondents. I

recognized that there is a pattern with their behaviour. Most of them find it hard to manage their

time between their studies family. They are the one sleep late at night to prepare for the coming

of another day of work. They do not let some hindrances like lack of time to stop them in

bonding with their children. they always see to it despite of being busy in their duties, they can

still give the needs of their children. There are so many things that they should do, although

sometimes they let others do it for them, they were always doing their best so that they can still

show their love with their children. There are so many things that they should consider in when

they budget their money, but it is not a reason for them to stop in dreaming and continuing their

studies their studies, usually at this time the families of the parent student are beginning to

increase their income not like before that they were beginning to build their family. Although

sometimes they were having a financial problem, they still continue their studies. Even though

they cannot do the things that they are doing when they are still a single, they are happy for what

they are now.

They pursue studying even though they do not have time for themselves. They are willing to

sacrifice just for the future of their children. They are overjoyed whenever they can give extra

time to bond with their children. They still continue studying for the fulfilment of their dreams

and achieving their goals when they are still single. Tantamount of this, they want to become a

role model, not only with their family, but also with their classmates and to the community. We

also conclude that being a parent, student is not a hindrance in achieving their dreams. Even
though they are suffering and facing so many problems, they still survive in everything that they

do, in school and at home because they are motivated and have determination in everything that

they were doing.

Curriculum
Vitae
Roxanne Tiffany P. Dotillos
Blk.16 Lot.18 Greece St., Harmony Hills 1, Muzon
city of SJDM Bulacan.

I. PERSONAL DATA:
Birth Place : San Juan
Birth Date : January 12, 1993
Height : 5’0”
Weight : 47 kilos
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father`s Name : Allan R. Dotillos
Occupation : Engineer
Mother`s Name : Rosita P. Dotillos
Occupation : Housewife

II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary: BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY - SC

Brgy. Kaypian, SJDM, Bulacan
Bachelor of Elementary Education
20__- 20__

Secondary: BENEDICTIAN SCHOOL

San Jose Del Monte Bul.
2007-2008

III. CREDENTIAL/ AFFILIATION and ACHIEVEMENT

 Vice President BINAY Scholar
 Leadership and Team Building Seminar program of NSRC
 CDRC Volunteer
 Y.E.S (Young Educators Society) President S.Y 2012 - 2013
 3rd Honorable Mention – 4th year High School

IV. WORKING EXPERIENCE:

I. “Summer School ‘12” Volunteer Teacher – Benedictian School

V. CHARACTER REFERENCE:

Dra. Nora M. Ruiz Chief Doctor (Benguet General Hospital)