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LEARNING OUTCOME
Student is able to:
• understand and describe the history of a computer, the
components of a computer and the applications of
CHAPTER 1 computer in various field(P1, A2)
Introduction to Computers • discover the relations amongst the components of a
computer(C3)

Overview What is Computer?

What is Computer? • An electronic device, operating under the control
Computer Revolution of instructions stored in its memory, that can
The Components of a Computer accept data, process the data according specifics
Computer categories rules, produce results, and store results for
Category of computer users future use.
Computer Applications in Society
Storage

Input
Processor
Output

What is a Computer? The Components of a Computer

Component Description Example
Processes data into Input Devices Any hardware Keyboard, mouse,
Accepts data
information
Raw facts, figures,
Data that is organized,
component that microphone,digital
and symbols allows you to enter camera
meaningful, and useful
data and instructions
into computer
Produces and stores results Output Any hardware Printer, monitor,
Devices component that speakers, portable
conveys information player
to one or more
people

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The Components of a Computer
Component Description
System Unit Is a case that contains the
electronic components of the
computer that use to process
the data.
Storage Devices Storage holds data, instructions CDs, DVDs,
and information for future use. memory card
A computer keeps data,
instructions and information on
storage media. Storage device
record(writes) and/or
retrieves(reads) items to and
from storage media.
Computer Revolution
• Analog computer
• Digital computer
• 5 generations
Second Generation (1956-1963)
• Transistors replaced vacuum tubes
• punched cards for input and printouts for
output.
• Assembly, languages allows programmers
to specify instructions in words. High-level
programming languages were also being
developed at this time, such as early
versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.
• First computers that stored their
instructions in their memory, which moved
from a magnetic drum to magnetic core
technology.
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The Components of a Computer
Example Component Description Example
CPU Communication A hardware Modem
Devices component that
enables a
computer to
send(transmit)
and receive data,
instructions and
information to and
from one or more
computer.
First Generation (1940-1956)
• used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory
• relied on machine language, the lowest-
level programming language understood
by computers, to perform operations, and
they could only solve one problem at a
time.
• Input was based on punched cards and
paper tape, and output was display
• The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are
examples of first-generation computing
devices. The UNIVAC was the first
commercial computer delivered to a
business client, the U.S. Census Bureau in
1951. ed on printouts.
Third Generation (1964-1971)
• Development of Integrated circuit
• Instead of punched cards and printouts,
users interacted with third generation
computers through keyboards and
monitors and interfaced with an operating
system, which allowed the device to run
many different applications at one time
with a central program that monitored the
memory.
• Computers for the first time became
accessible to a mass audience because
they were smaller and cheaper than their
predecessors.
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Fourth Generation (1971-Present) Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond)

• microprocessor - thousands of integrated • based on artificial intelligence
circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.
• to develop devices that respond to
• The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971,
located all the components of the
natural language input and are
computer—from the central processing unit capable of learning and self-
and memory to input/output controls—on a organization.
single chip. • The use of parallel processing and
• In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer superconductors is helping to make
for the home user, and in 1984 Apple
introduced the Macintosh.
artificial intelligence a reality.
• development of the Internet • Quantum computation and
• development of GUIs, the mouse and molecular and nanotechnology will
handheld devices. radically change the face of
computers in years to come.

Categories of Computer? Personal Computer

Personal Computers • Computer that can perform all of its input, processing,
(desktop) output and storage activities by itself.
• Contains processor, memory, one/more input, output,
Mobile Computers and
Mobile Devices
and storage devices
• 2 types :
Game consoles
▫ Desktop computers
▫ Notebook computers
Mainframes
Servers

Embedded Computers

Supercomputers

Handheld Computer

Mobile Computers & Mobile Devices

• Mobile Computers – is a personal computer that we can
carry from place to place. (small enough to hold in your
hand)
Notebook Tablet PC Smart Phone
Personal Digital Assistant
(PDA)
display
hinge

keyboard

Stylus

CD or DVD drive Digital pen

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Game Consoles
• Mobile computing device designed for single-
player or multiplayer video games.
• Examples; Sony’s PlayStation Portable (PSP).
Mainframes
• Large, expensive, powerful computer – handle
hundreds or thousands of connected users
simultaneously.
• Store huge amount of data, instructions and
information.
• Can act as server
• People can access programs on the mainframe
using terminal / personal computer
Embedded Computers
• a special-purpose computer that functions
as a component in a large product.
• (a) Consumer electronic:
• mobile phone, digital televisions, camera,
video recorder
• (b) Home automation devices:
appliances, security monitoring system
• (c) Automobile:
• antilock brake, engine control
• (d) Process controller & robotics –
remote monitoring system
• (e) Computer and office devices –
keyboards, printers
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Servers
• Server – control access to the hardware,
software, and other resources on a network and
provides a centralized storage area for programs
data and information
Supercomputer
• Fastest, most powerful computer, most
expensive
• Use for – application- complex, sophisticated
mathematical calculations
• Large scale simulations and applications in
medicine, aerospace, automotive design, online
banking, weather forecasting,
nuclear energy research,
and petroleum exploration
5 Categories of Computer Users
•Home User
▫ Family members who uses a computer for a variety
reasons, such as budgeting and personal financial
management, Web access, communications and
entertainment.
•Small Office/ Home Office User (SOHO)
▫ A small company/ self-employed individual works
from home
▫ Access internet to look up information and use basic
business software and sometimes industry specific
software
▫ to process high volumes of transactions.
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5 Categories of Computer Users Careers in computer industry

• Mobile User • 3D Animation or Graphic design
• Customer service
▫ Employees/ students who work on a computer while • Data Entry
away from main office or school • Database
• Power User • Electronics technician or engineer
• Engineer
▫ Uses workstation or other powerful computer to work • Hardware
with industry-specific software • Networking or System Administrator
▫ Powerful users exists in all types pf businesses • Programmer or Software developer
• Quality Assurance (QA), System analyst or Tester
• Large Business User • Repair and fix
▫ Works in a company with many employees and uses a • Sales
computer and computer network • Technical Support (Technician or Help Desk)
• Technical Writing
• Security expert
• WebMaster or Web Designer

Computer Applications in Society

Education
-Smart School
-Computer
Based
Finance Travel
Education
-Internet -GPS
Banking
-Online investing

Computer Applications

Manufacturin
Government g
-E-filing Science -Robots
-Biometric
devices