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May 2007
PIP STS03001
Plain and Reinforced Concrete Specification
PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES
In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has
been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major
industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical
requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering
costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice
is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual
applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take precedence
over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and particular matters
or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not
be made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names
from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather
recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the same specifications
are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines
are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and regulations including OSHA
requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or
other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be followed.
Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any material
contained in or suggested by the Practice.
PRINTING HISTORY
PIP STS03001
Plain and Reinforced Concrete Specification
Table of Contents
1. Introduction................................. 2
1.1 Purpose ............................................. 2
1.2 Scope................................................. 2
2. References .................................. 2
2.1 Industry Codes and Standards .......... 2
2.2 Government Regulations................... 3
3. Definitions ................................... 3
4. Requirements.............................. 4
4.1 General .............................................. 4
4.2. Materials ............................................ 7
4.3. Execution ........................................... 8
4.4 Loading of Self-Supporting
Members.......................................... 14
Tables
Table 1 - Tolerances for Embedments
Table 2 - Maximum Sizes of Aggregate
Table 3 - Supplier Data Requirements
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This Practice provides requirements for cast-in-place concrete construction.
1.2 Scope
This Practice describes the technical requirements for furnishing and installing
materials and for proportioning, mixing, placing, testing, and curing of plain and
reinforced concrete.
This Practice supplements ACI 301-05, Specifications for Structural Concrete.
2. References
Applicable parts of the following Practices, industry codes and standards, and references
shall be considered an integral part of this Practice. The edition in effect on the date of
contract award shall be used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles are used herein where
appropriate.
3. Definitions
constructor: The party responsible for supplying the materials, equipment, tools,
supervision, and labor for the installation of the concrete in accordance with the contract
documents. Unless otherwise noted, the term constructor shall apply also to the
constructor’s subcontractor(s) and vendor(s).
contract documents: Any and all documents, including codes, studies, design drawings,
specifications, sketches, practices, and data sheets, that the purchaser or engineer of
record has transmitted or otherwise communicated, either by incorporation or reference,
and made part of the legal contract agreement or purchase order between the purchaser
and the constructor.
manufacturer: The party who produces and warrants the performance of the (products,
materials and/or items) provided in accordance with the contract documents. The
(products, materials and/or items) shall:
a. Be manufactured in a controlled process
b. Have standard codes, specifications, tests
c. Possibly include shop drawings to assist in proper application, installation and/or
use
Unless otherwise noted, the term manufacturer shall apply also to the manufacturer’s
subcontractor(s) and/or vendor(s).
owner: The party who has authority through ownership, lease, or other legal agreement
over the (site, facility, structure or project) wherein (what is to be provided or installed)
will be used.
purchaser: The party who awards the contract to the constructor. The purchaser may be
the owner or the owner’s authorized agent.
supplier: The party responsible for supplying concrete materials in accordance with the
contract documents.
4. Requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Concrete supply and construction shall be in accordance with all
requirements of ACI 301-05, except as modified or supplemented in this
Practice or by the contract documents.
4.1.2 The following ACI documents are acceptable practices and may be
helpful in meeting requirements of this Practice and ACI 301:
a. ACI 211.1 - Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal,
Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete
b. ACI 211.2 - Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for
Structural Lightweight Concrete
c. ACI 302.1R - Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction
d. ACI 304.2R - Placing Concrete by Pumping Methods
e. ACI 306R - Cold Weather Concreting
f. ACI 308R - Guide to Curing Concrete
g. ACI 347R- Guide to Formwork for Concrete
h. ACI 504R - Guide to Sealing Joints in Concrete Structures
4.1.3 Requirements of state or local agencies that have jurisdiction where the
concrete is to be placed shall apply.
4.1.4 Any conflicts or inconsistencies between this Practice, the design
drawings, or other contract documents shall be brought to the attention of
the purchaser for resolution.
c. Temperature
d. Air content
4.1.5.6 Test cylinder sets shall be dated and numbered consecutively.
4.1.5.7 Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, concrete
quality assurance test reports shall be provided to the purchaser
weekly. Data in the test report shall include, but not be limited
to, the following:
a. Location of concrete on the job and associated drawing
numbers and structure/foundation identification
b. Specified strength (f cc)
c. Date poured
d. Proportions of concrete mix or mix identification
e. 7- and 28-day compressive strength
f. Slump, air and concrete temperatures at time of pour, time of
day concrete was batched, and time of day concrete was
poured
g. Air content
h. Name of inspector making cylinders and cylinder number
4.1.5.8 Where concrete is to be placed in the United States of America,
ready mixed concrete suppliers shall be certified in accordance
with one of the following:
a. Certification by holding a current NRMCA Certificate of
Conformance for Concrete Production Facilities
b. Certification from an independent testing agency stating
conformance with NRMCA Certification of Ready Mixed
Concrete Production Facilities
c. Certification from the State Department of Transportation
from the state of the project site location
The certifications shall be current for the duration of the concrete
supply.
4.1.6 Submittals
4.1.6.1 Before the start of work, documentation in accordance with the
requirements of ACI 301 which is listed in Table 3, as a
minimum, shall be submitted to the purchaser for review and
approval.
4.1.6.2 If required by the contract documents, additional documentation
in accordance with the requirements of ACI 301 which is not
listed in Table 3 shall be submitted to the purchaser for review
and approval.
4.1.7 Safety
The work shall be in accordance with all applicable national, state, or
local safety requirements, site specific requirements of the purchaser, and
all safety requirements specified in the contract documents.
4.2. Materials
4.2.1 General
4.2.1.1 Unless authorized in writing by the purchaser, materials that are
not in accordance with this Practice or the contract documents
shall not be permitted.
4.2.1.2 Materials shall be in accordance with applicable local volatile
organic compound regulations.
4.2.2 Cementitious Materials
4.2.2.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, Portland
cement shall be in accordance with ASTM C150, Type I or
Type II.
4.2.2.2 Only one brand of cement shall be used.
4.2.2.3 Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, fly ash
may be used in accordance with ACI 301 and shall conform to
ASTM C618, Class C or Class F. If Class C fly ash is used in a
moderately to extremely aggressive sulfate environment, the mix
design shall be tested in accordance with ASTM C1012 to verify
sulfate resistance. (Note: Class C fly ash, which contains
relatively high levels of amorphous calcium aluminate, may
make more calcium hydroxide available for reaction with
sulfates, thus contributing to concrete deterioration.)
4.2.3 Admixtures
4.2.3.1 All admixtures, except air entrainment admixtures, shall require
the engineer of record’s authorization for use.
4.2.3.2 Only one manufacturer for each admixture shall be used.
4.2.3.3 Calcium chloride and admixtures containing soluble chlorides
shall not be permitted.
4.2.4 Aggregate
4.2.4.1 Aggregate shall be in accordance with ASTM C33.
4.2.4.2 Aggregate shall be obtained from a single source.
4.2.5 Reinforcement
4.2.5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents,
reinforcing bars shall be deformed billet steel in accordance with
ASTM A615/A615M, grade 60.
4.2.5.2 Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, all
reinforcing shall be uncoated.
4.2.5.3 Welded wire fabric shall be plain wire fabric and in accordance
with ASTM A185/A185M.
4.2.5.4 Tie wire shall be black annealed wire, 16 gage minimum.
4.2.6 Water
4.2.6.1 Water used for mixing water, ice, curing, or any other function
relating to placement of concrete shall be potable.
4.2.6.2 Other water may be used if tested for suitability in accordance
with ASTM C94/C94M.
4.2.6.3 Wash water from mixer washout operations shall not be used as
mixing water.
4.2.7 Accessories
All accessories shall be provided in accordance with the contract
documents.
4.3 Execution
4.3.1 General
Storage, handling, measuring, mixing, transporting, and placing of
concrete materials shall follow the methods and means outlined in ACI
304R and comply with manufacturer’s recommendation for handling,
storage, and protection.
4.3.2 Formwork
4.3.2.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, 3/4-inch
(20-millimeter) chamfer strips shall be provided at all corners on
permanently exposed surfaces.
4.3.2.2 Form-release agents shall not be applied if concrete surfaces
shall receive special finishes or where the agent may affect
applied coverings. Alternately, inside surfaces of untreated
formwork shall be soaked with clean water and kept moist before
placing concrete.
4.3.2.3 Form removal shall be in accordance with ACI 301 and the
following:
a. For structures for which the forms do not provide vertical
support (e.g., footings, piers, columns, walls, or sides of
beams), the forms may be removed 48 hours after
completion of placement if the concrete is sufficiently hard
to prevent damage by form removal, and if curing starts
immediately.
b. Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, forms
for self-supporting members may be removed if the concrete
strength is at least 80 percent of the specified 28-day
strength. Refer to ACI 301-05, Section 2.3.4, for determining
strength of concrete for removal of formwork.
4.3.4 Waterstops
Waterstops shall be installed in accordance with the contract documents
and the manufacturer’s recommendations.
4.3.5 Reinforcing and Embedments
4.3.5.1 Detailing and Fabrication
1. Reinforcement placing drawings and bending schedules shall
be prepared in accordance with ACI SP-66. Drawings and
schedules shall show number, grade, size, length, mark,
location, and bending diagrams for reinforcing bars.
2. Splices in reinforcement shall be detailed, fabricated, and
located as shown on the drawings only.
3. Fabrication drawings shall indicate the related PO number,
release number, and design drawing number.
4. Reinforcement shall be tagged with weather-resistant metal
tags.
5. Each bundle of fabricated bars shall be tagged. The tags shall
indicate drawing number, release number, mark number,
grade, bar quantity, and bar size.
6. Each bundle of stock-length straight bars shall be tagged to
indicate bar quantity, grade, bar size, and bar length.
7. Fabrication tolerances shall comply with the requirements of
ACI 117.
4.3.5.2 Installation
1. Embedded aluminum items shall not be permitted.
2. Anchor bolts, anchors, inserts, sleeves, drains, curb and seat
angles, nosing, and other embedded items shall be installed
before placing concrete. Welding of these items to the
reinforcing bars shall not be permitted.
3. Anchor bolt threads shall be protected from damage and kept
free of concrete.
4. Anchor bolt sleeves shall be capped or plugged to keep out
water, concrete, and debris.
5. Reinforcing bars shall be spliced in accordance with the
design drawings only. Unless otherwise approved by the
engineer of record, welded or mechanical splices shall not be
permitted.
4.3.5.3 Tolerances
Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents,
embedments shall be installed in accordance with the tolerances
shown in Table 1. The term “bolt group” used in Table 1 is
defined as the set of anchor bolts for a single fabricated steel
shipping piece, or a single piece of equipment or skid.
4.3.8.2 Concrete not in contact with forms may utilize any of the
methods indicated in ACI 301-05, Section 5.3.6.4, for the
preservation of moisture. However, for interior concrete slabs,
ponding, sprayed water, or wet sand shall not be permitted.
4.3.8.3 Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, liquid
membrane curing compounds shall not be used on surfaces that
shall receive bonded treatments, tiles, paint or other adhered
finishes, epoxy toppings, or additional concrete.
4.3.8.4 Hydraulic (Liquid-Tight) Structures
Any structure designated as a hydraulic structure in the contract
documents shall comply with the following:
1. Hydraulic structures shall be cured by a wet-cure procedure
only (e.g., use of ponding, sprinkling, or a moisture-retaining
fabric).
2. Moist wood forms in contact with concrete shall not be
considered as curing for hydraulic structures.
3. Curing shall occur for a minimum of 14 days.
4. Wall forms shall be loosened and water continually
sprinkled between the wall and forms.
4.3.9 Surface Finishing and Tolerances
4.3.9.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, the surface
finish and correlating tolerance requirements shall be in
accordance with ACI 301.
4.3.9.2 Equipment bases shall be finished with a floated finish. Stairs,
steps, ramps, and walks shall be finished with a broom finish.
4.3.9.3 Interior floor slabs shall be finished with a trowel finish in
accordance with the conventional flat tolerance requirements of
ACI 117.
4.3.9.4 Roads, area paving, and exterior slabs shall be finished with a
broom or belt finish in accordance with the conventional
straightedged tolerance requirements of ACI 117.
4.3.10 Repair of Surface Defects
4.3.10.1 Unless otherwise specified or permitted by the engineer of
record, tie holes, honeycombs, and other concrete surface
defects shall be repaired promptly after form removal at a time
and in a manner that shall not delay, interfere with, or impair
the proper curing of the fresh concrete.
4.3.10.2 The engineer of record shall be notified before proceeding with
repair if the defect is either of the following sizes:
a. Depth is greater than 3 inches (75 mm) at the maximum
point and surface area is greater than 150 square inches
(100,000 square mm).