Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
EXERCISES
Vassilis Kostoglou
E-mail: vkostogl@it.teithe.gr
URL: www.it.teithe.gr/~vkostogl
Vehicles
Τ1 Τ2 Τ3 Τ4
Mines
01 2 2 2 1
02 10 8 5 4
03 7 6 6 8
Distribution
centers
1 2 3 4
1 464 513 654 867 75
Canneries 2 352 416 690 791 125
3 995 682 388 685 100
80 65 70 85
Find the combination of the transportation load that minimizes the total transportation
cost.
Customer
1 2 3
Branch 1 5 7 6
Branch 2 2 3 5
How should we distribute the products in order to maximize the total profit?
Consumer
center Ι ΙΙ ΙΙΙ ΙV
Factory
Χ 5 2 4 3
Y 4 8 1 6
Ζ 4 6 7 5
The responsible officer has formed the following program based on his experience: Χ
ΙΙ: 12 tones, Χ ΙΙΙ: 1 tone, Χ ΙV: 9 tones, Y ΙΙΙ: 15 tones, C Ι : 7 tones, C
ΙΙΙ : 1 tone.
Consider whether the transportation program developed is the best possible. If not, then
determine the optimum solution.
TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM EXERCISES
PROBLEM 5
A commercial company has three stores, let it be A, B and C, from which supplies its
three main largest customers, let it be M, N and Q, with a consumer product. All
warehouses have approximately the same size as with corresponding capacity of 50
tones for this product. The three customers require a certain period of time 30, 45
and 25 tones respectively. Transportation cost (in €) of each tone from each warehouse
to each customer is as follows.
Customer Μ Ν Q
Warehouse
A 30 40 10
B 20 10 50
C 70 20 20
Distribution center
1 2 3 4
1 800 1300 400 700
Branch 2 1100 1400 600 1000
3 600 1200 800 900
The fixed cost of each load is € 30 and the extra charge is € 1.50/km.
a) Design the appropriate transportation model.
b) Using the method of the northwest corner find the initial basic feasible solution.
c) Starting with the initial basic feasible solution determined to the question b find the
optimal solution. How many loads must be transferred from each branch to each
distribution center in order to minimize the total transportation cost?
TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM EXERCISES
PROBLEM 7
Let us suppose that England, France and Spain produce the whole wheat, barley and
oats in the world. The demand for wheat in the world requires 125 million hectares
available for its production. Similarly, 60 million hectares of land are required for the
production of barley and 75 for the production of oats. The total area available for this
purpose in England, France and Spain is 70, 110 and 80 million hectares respectively.
The number of hours required in England, France and Spain for the production of wheat
in one hectare of land is 18, 13 and 16 hours respectively. The corresponding hours in
the three countries for the production of barley in a hectare of land is 15, 12 and 12
hours respectively. The number of hours required in England, France and Spain for the
production of oats in one hectare of land is 12, 10 and 16 hours respectively. The
cost for each working hour for the production of wheat in England, France and Spain
is $ 3, $ 2.40 and $ 3.30 per hour respectively. The comparable costs for every working
hour for the production of barley is $ 2.70, $ 3 and $ 2.80 respectively, while for the
production of oats is $ 2.30, $ 2.50 and $ 2.10 respectively.
The problem that must be addressed is the distribution of land used for each country so
as to meet global needs and simultaneously minimize the total labor costs. Design and
resolve the appropriate transportation model.
TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM EXERCISES
PROBLEM 8
The company SAS has a chain of stores that sell equipment, hi-fi. The shareholders are
thinking of ordering new midi systems, which then would sell 430 pounds. The shops
are separated into three geographical areas, north, west and south and SAS believes
that the demand for the system in each area will be 170, 210 and 150 units
respectively. The SAS has decided to order 100 units for each geographic area stores.
There are three potential suppliers for the system A, B and C. A is capable of supplying
200 units for 400 pounds the one, the B 160 units for 420 pounds the one and C 180
units for 410 pounds the one. These prices do not include the transportation costs that
vary with the supplier and the supply contract according to the following table.
The SAS wants to maximize the profit from the sales of the new system.
Design and solve the corresponding transportation problem.
Each seller has a restriction on the total amount of fuel that can be supplied each
month. The potential is 320000 gallons for the seller 1, 1270000 gallons for the seller
2 and190000 gallons for the seller 3.
Find the right fuel purchasing policy so as to minimize the total cost of feeding the
three airports.
Warehouses
7000 4000 10000
Companies 5000 3000 9000
6000 5000 9000
What contracts exactly would you advise the administration of the partnership to sign, so
that on the one hand to minimize the total transportation cost, on the other hand not the
administration be accused for bias in favor of or against any of the carriers?
The profit per tone of production in London is 1.7, 1.3 and 2.5 pounds when sold by the
third, fourth and fifth warehouse respectively. The corresponding gains for Birmingham
are 1.6, 1 and 0.5 pounds, while for Glasgow are 1.1, 0.8 and 2.1 pounds.
What is the maximum monthly profit that can be achieved by the industry?
(a) How should the producer make the orders to minimize the total transportation
cost and simultaneously meet requirements of the factory?
(b) Assume that in the initial problem the requirement of the first factory is 50 tons
per week, of the second factory 15 tons a week and of the third factory 35 tones
per week.
Determine the optimal solution and compare with that of the initial problem.
Four restaurant chains want to purchase this special type of bread. Their requirements
and the amount they offer are given in the table below.
Transportation costs (in $) of one kg of bread from each branch of the chain restaurants
are:
As expected the cost of food is charged separately. The producer P charges €1 for the
transportation bags to the market A, €2 for B, €7 for C and €9 for D, without including the
cost of the product. One particular week both producers can supply from 65 bags, but
the producer P sells food for €1 more expensive per bag than P.
Which are the orders which must be placed this week by the wholesalers?
Next week the producers can still supply the same quantities, but now P sells €1 per bag
more expensive than P, even though transport costs have not changed at all.
Should the wholesaler change the orders? And if so, how exactly?
The weekly demand of the products is calculated to 400 tons for Bucharest, to 530 for
Glasgow, to 450 for Laussane and to 480 for Hamburg. The offering transportation
ability for the same time period is 420 tones with Β 727, 390 tones with Β 737, 480
tones with Β 707 and 570 tones with Α 300 (without the number of the aircrafts or the
routes getting examined).
Flight
ΕΑ 101 ΕΑ 108 ΕΑ 205 ΕΑ 207
Aircrafts
Α 300 8 16 13 14
Β 727 9 7 13 12
Β 737 10 10 14 12
Β 707 12 14 13 14
Month
May June July August
Product
Fresh 50 120 140 100
Can 45 40 35 55
The collection of one peach tone requires four working hours, the sorting and their
package for direct disposition (fresh) six working hours, while the canning of the same
quantity requires five working hours.
The partnership employs totally 10 employees, that work in average 25 days per month
by full daily 8-hour. 5 of them should be moved to other cultivation for 13 days every
month in May and for 16 days in July and in August.
Late delivery of an order is not possible. Production that exceeds demand of the same
period reflects a charge against salary of € 50 during the month that production exceeds
demand.
b) Starting with the Vogel method for finding the initial possible solution use the
Simplex method of transposition problems to determine the optimal solution.
Clients
1 2 3 4
Branches
1 6 3 2 4
2 7 5 4 6
3 9 8 6 3
The management wants to know how many units to sell to its interest to the third and
PROBLEM 19
New designs must be done for the energy systems of a new building. The three
possible sources of energy are electrical, gas and solar energy. The building needs the
energy for electricity, water heating and heating of the interior spaces. The
respective daily requirements are:
Electricity : 20 units
Water heating : 10 units
Heating : 30 units
The size of the roof reduces solar modules to 30 points, while there is no restriction for
the rest. The electricity needs can be satisfied by the electricity market ($ 200 unit). The
needs of the two other sources can be met from some source or combination of
sources. Prices of units are:
(b) Use the northwest corner method for finding the initial basic possible solution to the
problem as designed at (a).
(c) Starting with the basic feasible solution of (b), use the Simplex transportation
method to determine the best solution.
(d) Use Vogel method for finding the initial feasible solution of the problem as designed
at (b).
e) Starting with the initial basic feasible solution of the question (d), use the
methodology of transposition problems to find the optimal solution.
Compare the numbers of steps required to determine the optimal solution using
the above two methods.
Reception center
1 2 3
Branch
Α 4 6 3
Β 6 5 2
A total of 60 units of product are to be produced and transported per week. Each
branch can produce and send any number of units with a maximum of 50 units
per week, i.e. there is flexibility in how they will share the total production between
(a) Suppose that each reception center must accept 20 units per week.
Design the problem as a transportation model.
(b) Use the northwest corner method to find an initial basic feasible solution of the
problem, as designed in question (a). Then determine the optimal solution.
(c) Suppose now that each distribution center can receive an amount between 10 and
30 units per week to reduce transportation costs, but the total cargo transported
remains at 60 points. Design the problem as a transportation model.
PROBLEM 21
One of the most important products of a multinational IT company is produced in two of
its factories and is mostly available in three main clients of the firm. The two
factories will produce over the next period 600 and 400 units of the product,
respectively. The company is committed with contracts for the sale of 500 units to the
first client and at least 200 units to the second. Also the second and third clients
both want to buy as many of the remaining units of the product. The net profit from the
sale of each unit depends on its origin (factory) and the destination (client) and ranges
according to the following table.
Client
Factory 1 2 3
1 50000 70000 60000
2 20000 30000 50000
PROBLEM 22
A student who is studying abroad, decided that he needs for the next four years a car
for his movements. Since his costs are much he wants to carry out his wish by the most
inexpensive way. What he can’t decide is whether to buy an old car or a newer one.
Also he does not know whether he should sell it through these four years. The following
data are given.
If the student changes his car within the next four years, he will do it at the end of
that year and will take a car of one of two types. However, he plans to get in the
TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM EXERCISES
future a newer of that what he gets now. He wants to find the most appropriate solution.
a) Describe how the problem can be expressed as a transportation model
b) Find the initial solution using any relevant method.
c) Determine the optimal solution by the solving transportation problems methodology
PROBLEM 23
A large construction company undertook computerization items to equip a ministry with
the PC terminal units. It was agreed to supply 150 units next October and 225 units in
November. Working an eight hour shift, the manufacturer can only produce 160 terminal
units per month. Extending working hours with two hours overtime, it is possible to
construct 30 additional units per month, with an additional unit cost of € 20. The
terminal units can be stored at a monthly cost of € 3 per unit. The cost of producing
each unit of PC is constant, regardless of the month of construction.
Formulate the model (the initial table) in order to find out the production schedule,
which minimizes the total cost.
If the company is getting expanded at the beginning of the four months, the costs will
remain the same. If it extends at the beginning of the 3rd month, then the cost will be
increased by €1, but according to latest legislative incentives for the extension will
receive a subsidy by the government with €400.
PROBLEM 25
The Build-Em-Fast Company has agreed to supply the best customers with three
products every week for three weeks, though the production will require some overtime.
The data involved are the following:
The cost per unit produced in overtime for each week is $ 2000 more than in the regular
season. The storage cost is $ 1000 per unit for each week of storage. There are already
TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM EXERCISES
two products in construction, but the administration does not want to have to
manufacture products after the end of the three weeks.
The administration wants to know how many units it should produce per week to
maximize its profit.
(a) Design the problem as a transportation model creating cost tables and requirement
tables.
(b) Use the Simplex transportation method to determine the optimal solution.
The charge of consumers by the company is the same for every cubic meter of water
irrespectively of location and distance. The company is worried about how to distribute
the water in the summer months, during which the amount of water available is limited
(last column in table). The company must supply every city with a minimum amount of
water to meet the minimum requirement of each city (except San Go area that has its
own water source). The line of the normal requirement shows that Berdoo wants 20000
cubic meters of water above the minimum requirement, the San Go wants 30000 cubic
TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM EXERCISES
meters water and Hollyglass wants as much as possible. The administration wants to
distribute water supplies in such a way as to minimize the total transportation cost.
In order the company to prevent delivery days should produce engines in the way
given in the third column of the table below. In addition all engines which must be
produced per month are at least 10, 15, 25 and 20 respectively. But it may need some
engines to be constructed one or more months after the initial programming due
to production conditions. These engines however should be stored and the storage
cost reaches the $ 15000 per month.
The company wants to decide which is the best way of engines production per month in
order to minimize the total cost.