Historical philosophical texts

European and Islamic philosophy

Ancient philosophy

Heraclitus (c.?early 5th century). Fragments.

Parmenides (c.?early 5th century). On Nature.[1]
Plato (early period, c.?399 � c.?387 BC[2]). Apology.
Plato (early period). Crito.
Plato (early period). Euthyphro.
Plato (early period). Gorgias.
Plato (early period). Protagoras.
Plato (early transitional period, c.?387 � c.?380 BC). Cratylus.
Plato (early transitional period). Meno.
Plato (middle period, c.?380 � c.?360 BC). Phaedo.
Plato (middle period). Symposium.
Plato (late transitional period, c.?360 � c.?355 BC). Parmenides.
Plato (late transitional period). Theaetetus.
Plato (late transitional period). Phaedrus.
Plato (late period, c.?355 � c.?347 BC). Laws.
Plato (late period). Timaeus.
Plato (Bk. 1, early period. Bks. 2-10, late period). The Republic.
Aristotle (fl.?384 � 322 BC). Organon.
Aristotle. Physics.
Aristotle. Metaphysics.
Aristotle. On the Soul.
Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics.
Aristotle. Politics.
Aristotle. Rhetoric.
Aristotle. Poetics.
Lucretius (fl.?99 � 55 BC). On the Nature of Things.
Cicero, (106 � 43 BC). On the Commonwealth.
Cicero, On the Laws.
Lucius Annaeus Seneca (4BC � 65AD). Letters from a Stoic
Marcus Aurelius (161 � 180 AD). Meditations.
Epictetus (125 AD). Enchiridion.
Sextus Empiricus (c. 160 � 210 AD), Outlines of Pyrrhonism
Plotinus (270 AD). Enneads.
Porphyry (c. 234 � 305 AD), Isagoge
Hermes Trismegistus, Corpus Hermeticum[3]

Medieval philosophy

Augustine of Hippo, Confessions, c. AD 397

Augustine of Hippo, The City of God, early 5th century
Proclus, The Elements of Theology
Boethius, Consolation of Philosophy, c. 500
Eriugena, Periphyseon
Avicenna, The Book of Healing
Avicenna, Proof of the Truthful
Maimonides, Guide for the Perplexed
Maimonides, Mishneh Torah
Yehuda Halevi, Kuzari
Saadia Gaon, Emunoth ve-Deoth
Al-Ghazali, The Incoherence of the Philosophers
Averroes, The Incoherence of the Incoherence
Anselm, Proslogion
Thomas Aquinas, Summa contra Gentiles, c. 1260
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae
Duns Scotus, Ordinatio (aka Opus Oxoniense)[4]
 William of Ockham, Suma Logicae

Title page of Advancement of Learning by Francis Bacon

Early modern philosophy

Desiderius Erasmus, The Praise of Folly, 1509 (printed 1511)

Niccol� Machiavelli, The Prince, 1513 (printed 1532)
Michel de Montaigne, Essays, 1570-1592 (printed 1580-1595)
Sir Francis Bacon, Novum Organum, 1620
Hugo Grotius, De iure belli ac pacis, 1625
Ren� Descartes, Rules for the Direction of the Mind, 1628
Ren� Descartes, Discourse on the Method, 1637
Ren� Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy, 1641
Ren� Descartes, Principles of Philosophy, 1644
Ren� Descartes, Passions of the Soul, 1649
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651
Blaise Pascal, Pens�es, 1670
Baruch Spinoza, Ethics, 1677
Baruch Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, 1677
John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1689
John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1689
Gottfried Leibniz, Discourse on Metaphysics, 1686
Gottfried Leibniz, New Essays Concerning Human Understanding, 1704 (printed
1765)
Gottfried Leibniz, Th�odic�e, 1710
Gottfried Leibniz, Monadology, 1714 (printed 1720)
George Berkeley, Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, 1710
David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, 1738�1740
David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, 1748
David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, 1751
Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, 1748
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, 1750
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile: or, On Education, 1762
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract, 1762
Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 1759
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, 1781
Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, 1785
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, 1788
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Judgement, 1790
Jeremy Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation,
1789
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1790
Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, 1792
Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Foundations of the Science of Knowledge, 1794
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit , 1807
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Science of Logic, 1812�1817
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of Right, 1820
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of History, printed 1837
Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, 1819�1859
Auguste Comte, Course of Positive Philosophy, 1830-1842
S�ren Kierkegaard, Either/Or, 1843
S�ren Kierkegaard, Fear and Trembling, 1843
S�ren Kierkegaard, The Concept of Anxiety, 1844
S�ren Kierkegaard, Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical
Fragments, 1846
Max Stirner, The Ego and Its Own, 1844
Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto, 1848
 Karl Marx, Das Kapital, 1867�1894
John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, 1859
John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism, 1861�1863
John Stuart Mill, Harriet Taylor Mill, The Subjection of Women, 1869
Herbert Spencer, System of Synthetic Philosophy, 1862-1892
Henry Sidgwick, The Methods of Ethics, 1874
Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, 1883�1891
Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil, 1886
Friedrich Nietzsche, On the Genealogy of Morals, 1887
Henri Bergson, Time and Free Will, 1889
Henri Bergson, Matter and Memory, 1896
Henri Bergson, Creative Evolution, 1907

Asian philosophy
Indian philosophy

The Upanishads
The Bhagavad Gita ("The Song of God")
Samkhya school:
Isvarakrsna, Sankhya Karika
Nyaya school:
Aksapada Gautama, Nyaya Sutras
Vaisheshika school:
Kanada, Vaisheshika Sutra
Yoga school:
Pata�jali, Yoga Sutras
Swami Swatamarama, Hatha Yoga Pradipika
Vedanta school:
Vyasa, Brahma Sutras
Mima?sa School
Jaimini, Purva Mima?sa Sutras
Jainism
Jain Agamas
Jain Agamas (Digambara)
Jain Agamas (Svetambara)
Buddhism
Pali Tipitaka
Mahayana sutras
Tamil,
Thiruvalluvar,

Thirukkural
Chinese philosophy
Zhou Dynasty

Kongzi, Analects (likely written later by followers)

Kongzi, Five Classics (compiled)
Sunzi, Art of War
Laozi, Dao De Jing

Warring States

Mengzi, [The] Mengzi

Mo Tzu, Mozi
Zhuangzi, Chuang Tzu
Han Fei, [The] Han Feizi

Song Dynasty
 The Record of Linji
Zhou Dunyi, The Taiji Tushuo
Zhu Xi, Four Books [compiled]
Zhu Xi, Reflections on Things at Hand, 1175

Japanese philosophy
Pre-Meiji Buddhism

Kukai, Attaining Enlightenment in this Very Existence, 817

Honen, One-Sheet Document, 1212
Shinran, Kyogyoshinsho, 1224
Dogen Zenji, Shobogenzo, 1231-1253
Hakuin Ekaku, Wild Ivy

Early modern

Zeami Motokiyo, Style and Flower, approx. 1400 AD

Miyamoto Musashi, The Book of Five Rings, approx. 1600 AD