University of Perpetual Help System DALTA

Calamba Campus

EFFECTS OF RECYCLEDASPHALT AS PARTIAL

REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN

CONCRETE MIXTURE

A Project DesignPresented to

The Faculty of the College of Engineering

University of Perpetual Help -

Calamba Campus

In Partial Fulfilmentof the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Bahoy, Josh Howell G.

Manaig, Ian Joshua L.

Pascasio, Vito S.

Sarate, Mc-Lloyd G.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title

Title Page

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Background of the study

1.1.2 Statement of the problem

1.1.3 Review of related literatures

1.1.4 Hypothesis

1.1.5 Theoretical/ Conceptual framework

1.1.6 Objective of the study

1.1.7 Significance of the study

1.1.8 Scope and limitations of the study

1.1.9 Definitions of terms

CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Research Design/ Project development

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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Asphalt is a composite of mineral aggregates made out of 95%

mixture of crushed stoned, gravel and sand and 5% of black and sticky

Bitumen. Recycled Asphalt is simpl y and old asphalt that is removed

during the process of road reconstruction, excavation of a parking lot or

other related construction projects that use asphalt.

Here in the Philippines there are a lot of road development and road

reconstruction project s. Therefore a lot of old asphalt pavement can be

reclaimed or recycled. It is often used for filling a land, a base material

for road ways, sidewalks and other similar paths .

Particularl y in Barangay Barandal Calamba Cit y where a road

reconstruction project is ongoing with a distance of 1.6 km. high-way

road with a width of 6.10 m .. Therefore the total volume of used asphalt

will be 976 cu. m..

There are many people who assume that recycled materials are not

good as new. However, in this case the recycled asphalt it is just as good

as new asphalt. Using recycled asphalt is not onl y as good as new but it is

also good for environment, fewer materials are needed which makes it
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better for our environment. New asphalt requires new oil , sand and gravel

which are not renewable resources. By using recycled asphalt we can

preserve these natural elements through various recycling efforts. It is

also a money-saver both for consumer and supplier because it is less

expensive than to process a new mixture of asphalt it save both time and

money.

The Department of Public Works and Highways is one of the three

departments of the government undertaking major infrastructure projects.

The DPWH is mandated to undertake the planning of infrastructure, such

as national roads and bridges, flood control, water resources proje cts and

other public works, and the design, construction, and maintenance of

national roads and bridges, and major flood control systems.

We came up with the study of what is the effect of using recycled

asphalt to be a partial replacement for cement concrete mixture because as

we read some of the ar ticle and journals pertaining to used asphalt we

learned that recycled asphalt is as good as the newl y made asphalt.A lso

the ongoing build build build project of current administration where they

not onl y target a building infrastructure but also a huge pr oject on road

development and road reconstruction in some places around the

Philippines. With build buildbuild project many road reconstruction

project will happen. Because of that we will have tons of pile used asphalt

pavements available. That’s why inst ead of throwing the used asphalt we
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plan to research about the effect of recycled asphalt if we use it as a

partial replacement to concrete cement mixture as they both have same

properties of bonding aggregates mixture.

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1.1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Recycled Asphalt is simpl y defined as reclaimed waste asphalt.

This material mostl y can be claimed when asphalt pavements are removed

from road reconstruction.

Advantages of recycling asphalt :

Affordable

One of its major advantages is that it cost less than making new

asphalt mixture. This is because recycled asphalt requires fewer resources

than fresh asphalt. And in addition , it requires less labor and materials

which will decrease the expenses of a company.

Eco-friendly

Asphalt is a non -bio degradable material which when thrown in a

landfill the tendencies is that it will stay there forever. Recycling asphalt

is considered eco-friendl y solution because it manages to re -use waste

materials, by doing so it benefits both your budget as well as the

environment.

Durable

Recycled asphalt is considered as good as new asphalt mixture.

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Disadvantages of recycling asphalt

Supply depends on how many reconstruction projects

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1.1.2STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This comparative research aims to answer the main problem to

determine the effectiveness of Recycled Asphalt as partial replacement of

concrete cement mixture. The researchers intend to answer the following

specific problems:

1. What is the desired percentage of asphalt as a partial

replacement to cement in concrete mixture with comparable

strength?

2. What is the difference between the strength of cementto recycled

asphalt as a binding mixture of concrete?

3. What are the different properties of cement concrete and

recycled asphalt?
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1.1.3 REVIEWS OF RELATED LITERATURES

This chapter includes the literature, finished thesis, conclusions and

others. Those that were included in this chapter helps in familiarizing

information that were relevant and similar to the present study.

Related Literatures

According to Surender Singh, G.D.R.N Ransinchung and Praveen

Kumar (2017), feasibilit y study of RAP aggregates in cement concrete

pavementsdiscussed the presence of dust, asphalt film and agglomerated

particles is considered to be the primary reason for reducing the

properties of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) -inclusive concrete. A

surface treatment method Abrasion and Attrition (AB&AT) was employed

for removing these contaminants. Gaps were identified from the avai lable

literatures and efforts have been made to bridge them in order to increase

the usage of RAP aggregates in concrete pavements. Six mixes were

prepared by partl y replacing the Natural Aggregates (NA) with RAP

aggregates in different proportions. It was learned that processing Dirt y

RAP (DRAP) aggregates by the AB&AT method could remove

contaminants considerabl y as a result of which stronger bonding is

exhibited at the interface of the aggregate and hydrated mortar matrix.

Incorporation of beneficiated R AP aggregates in concrete improved the

workabilit y considerabl y but it was found to have reduced hardened

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concrete properties. However, the results were found to lie within the

permissible limits for producing concrete mix having 40 MPa compressive

strength.

Nam Tran, Adam Taylor,Pamela Turner,Christopher Holmes and

Laurent Porot (2016), concluded as more reclaimed asphalt pavement

(RAP) is utilisedin asphalt mixtures, there are increasing concerns about

the potential negative effect of the aged RAP binder on the field

performance, especiall y cracking resistance, of the high RAP mixtures. To

address the concerns, there have been increasing interests in utilising

rejuvenators to improve the cracking performance of high RAP mixtures.

The objective of this study w as to determine the benefits of using a new

rejuvenator made from renewable sources in asphalt mixtures with high

RAP contents. The study was conducted by determining and comparing

the laboratory performance properties of three mixtures and the binders

extracted from the mixes. The three mixtures evaluated in this study

included two 50% RAP mixtures (RAP binder ratio = 0.55) with and

without the rejuvenator and a comparable virgin mix. Results of this study

suggested that the new rejuvenator was effective i n improving both the

intermediate and low-temperature cracking performance characteristics of

the 50% RAP mix close to those of the virgin mix at the short -term

laboratory ageing condition without affecting its rutting and stripping

resistance. It is recom mended that a field study of this rejuvenator be

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conducted to further evaluate its effect on the long -term field performance

of high RAP mixes.

Robert Thomas,Andrew D. Sorensen, Andrew J. Fellows (2018),

wrote a statement in an articletitled “Durabilit y An al ysis of Recycled

Asphalt Pavement as Partial Coarse Aggregate Replacement in a High -

Strength Concrete Mixture” explaining the strength reduction associated

with the replacement of the virgin coarse aggregate in concrete with

recycled asphalt pavement (RA P) limits the use of the RAP concrete to

nonstructural applications. Recent research has suggested that RAP

concrete might retain sufficient strength for structural applications if

high-strength concrete mixture designs were used. Before these high -

strength RAP concrete mixtures can be used in transportation

infrastructure applications, their durabilit y must be proven. This study

evaluated the chloride permeabilit y, the freeze -thaw durabilit y, and the

coefficient of thermal expansion of high -strength RAP co ncrete mixtures.

The results indicated that the chloride permeabilit y of the high -strength

concrete, as measured by the surface resistivit y, was unaffected by the

replacement of up to 50% of virgin coarse aggregate with RAP.

Furthermore, the freeze -thaw durabilit y of high-strength RAP concrete

was improved over high -strength concrete with 100% virgin coarse

aggregate. The optimal RAP fraction in terms of the freeze/thaw

durabilit y was 35% by mass. Finall y, the coefficient of thermal expansion

was minimall y affected by the replacement of up to 50% of virgin coarse

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aggregate with RAP. On the basis of these results, the durabilit y of high -

strength concrete with RAP coarse aggregate was deemed sufficient for

transportation infrastructure applications.

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1.1.4 HYPOTHESIS

The Comparative Study of Recycled Asphalt as partial replacement

for cement in concrete mixture: An Alternative for a concrete mixture will

give construction companiesthe benefit to save both time a nd money using

recycled asphalt a s they will use less new materials

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1.1.5 CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Thesis Concept/Subject of the Study

Review of Related Literature

Gathering of Materials

Preparation of 4 Concrete Cylinder with Partial Mixture of

Asphalt and Cement, and a Concrete Cylinder with a Pure
Cement Mixture

Comparing the Strength of the 4 Concrete Cylinder

Data Gathering and Analysis of Result

Conclusion and Recommendation

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Module 1, 2, 3, & 4.
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1.1.6 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

These are the main objectives of the “Effect of Recycled Asphalt

Pavement as partial replacement in cement concrete mixture.

General Objective: To investigate the effect of using recycle d asphalt

pavement as partial replacement in making a mixture of cement concrete.

Specific Objective:

1. To determine the st rength of recycled asphalt as partial

replacement to cement in concrete mixture.

2. To evaluate the strength between the cement concrete and

recycled asphalt as a binding mixture of concrete.

3. To identify the different properties of cement concrete and

recycled asphalt.
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1.1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

For the academe

This proposed research project will serve as an additional reference

material for Universit y of Perpetual Help S ystem DAL TA – Calamba

Campus as a reference in using a material from a construction waste. The

engineering facult y and students could use this research project as an

instructional material for their research in discovering other used of

recycled asphalt for constru ction industries.

For the field of engineering

This study gives an overall view on the process of using recycled

materials in construction industries .

For the environment

This study can decrease the use of natural resources and minimize the waste.
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1.1.8 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study focused on the research of the effect of recycled asphalt as partial

replacement to cement concrete mixture. Recycled asphalt where gathered from road

reconstruction project around Laguna.

This project will cover the scope as follows:

1. Review literature on asphalt cement pavement systems with respect to

effect of strength, construction and maintenance.

2. Provide initial guidelines for asphalt cement based on preliminary findings

strength analysis.

3. Evaluate several laboratory asphalt cement designs for durability and

strength.

This project will cover the Limitation of the study

1. The percentage of recycled asphalt needed to a cement concrete mixture.

2. The investigation of the strength of recycled asphalt as partial replacement

to concrete cement.
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1.1.9 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
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CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

2.1INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this chapter is to present research methodology

employed in this study. The methodology for this research was divided

into four. First module is to determine the compressive strength of

mixture (40% asphalt and asphalt aggregates, 60% cement). Second

module to determine the compressive strength of mixture (60% asphalt

and asphalt aggregates, 40% cement). The third module is t o determine

the compressive strength of mixture (80% asphalt and asphalt aggregates,

20% cement).The last module is to determine the compressive strength of

mixture (100% cement).

2.2 RESEARCH DESIGN/ PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

The researchers will collect reclaimed asphalt pavement for every

road reconstruction around barangays in Laguna. Cement will always be

available in most of the hardware in Calamba.

Material Preparation

Reclaimed asphalt pavement will be crush into coarse aggregate and

fine aggregate.
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Mixing of materials

In a container, mix the cement and Reclaimed asphalt pavements

per mix design indicated in the module

Compacting of Sample Mixture

After mixing of Reclaimed asphalt pavement and cement, pour it

into a molding cylinder to be compact ed.

Curing of Sample Mixture

Remove the sample into the molding cyl inder and place in an area

at a room temperature and consistent relative humidit y for 7 and 14 days.

Testing of Mixture Sample

The testing of mixture sample is done after 7 and 14 days of curing.

The sample is subjected into various geotechnical tes ts as per compression

strength.

Calculations for Compressive Anal ysis

CS = F ÷ A , (Equation 1)

Where

CS = the compressive strength,

F = the force or load at point of failure and

A = the initial cross -sectional surface area.

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2.2Materials/ Apparatus:

1. Sledge hammer – is a tool with a large, flat, often metal head,

attached to a long handle.

2. Recycled Asphalt Pavement - is a term given to removed and/or

reprocessed pavement materials containing asphalt and aggregates.

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3. Coarse Aggregate - is a broad category of coarse to medium

grained particulate material used in construction, including sand,

gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic

aggregates

4. Fine Aggregate - generall y consist of natural sand or crushed

stone with most particles passing through a 3/8 -inch sieve.

5. Mineral Filler - finel y ground particles of limestone, hydrated

lime, Portland cement or other non -plastic mineral matter,

predominantl y finer than 0.075mm that is added to the mix.

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6. Cement - is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets,

hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together.

7. Compression Testing Machine - are universal testing machines

speciall y configured to evaluate static compressive strength

characteristics of materials, products, and components. Our

compression test machines measure characteristics such as

ultimate compression strength, yield strength , deflection and

modulus.
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8. Cylinder molds - or plastic versions can be used to form

specimens for testing compressive strength, orserve as sample

containers for set -time testing. Concrete Mold Accessories are

designed for use in lab or field, and allow for easy removal and

transporting of the concrete cylinders.

9. Asphalt concrete (Cylinder) - is a composite material commonl y

used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, as well as the core of

embankment dams.
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10.Cement concrete (Cylinder) - The cement concrete is a mixture

of cement, sand, pebbles or crushed rock and water, which, when

placed in the skeleton of forms and allowed to cure, becomes hard

like a stone