CHAPTER IV

DUCT SIZING

Method use: Equal Friction Method

Operating pressure for all terminals = 0.15 in. wg

Radius elbows = R/D = 1.25

From Carrier Handbook, Air Duct Design, Table 7:

Initial Duct supply air Velocity = 8.13 m/s or 1,600 fpm
Initial Duct return air Velocity = 1,500 fpm

4.1 DUCT LAYOUT

 Figure 4.1- a. Ground floor Duct Layout, b. Second
Floor Duct Layout, b. Legend

4.2 ZONE 1:
Duct Sizing for Supply Air:

Total Air Quantity = 𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟒 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

Total number of Air Terminals = 27
CFM for each air terminal = 9 139.7 cfm / 27 = 338.5 cfm

Duct Area entering section A:

𝑄 0.664
𝐴= = = 0.0817 = 𝟖𝟏𝟕 𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝑉 8.13

Carrier Handbook, PP 2-46, Table 13 listed the equivalent Area Percentage of a

given CFM capacity %. The duct area percentages of zone 1 are listed in Table
3.1.1.

The areas of the duct section can then be determined using the area
percentage and the given area of 𝟖𝟏𝟕 𝒄𝒎𝟐 .

Example: Area from Section A – B = 5.38 ft2 x 96.5 % / 100 % = 5.19 ft2
All the Areas are listed in Table 3.1.1.

The Duct sizes can then be determined by using Carrier handbook, PP 2-36,
Table 6. Table 3.1.1 listed all the duct size.

The Additional Equivalent Length can be determining from Carrier handbook, PP

2-44, Table 12.

Duct Air CFM Area Area Duct Item Length Add

Section Quantity Capacity % ft2 Size (ft) equiv.
(%) Length (ft)
AHU-A 9 139.7 100 100 5.38 16” x Duct, Elbow 11.5 15
 58”
A-B 8 801.2 96.3 96.5 5.19 16” x Duct 13.6
56”
B-C 8 462.7 92.6 94.5 5.08 16” x Duct 4.1
54”
C-D 8 124.2 88.9 91.5 4.92 16” x Duct 13.6
52”
D-E 5 754.6 62.96 70 3.77 14” x Duct 13.6
46”
E-F 4 062.1 44.4 52 2.80 12” x Duct 13.6
40”
F-G 2 708.1 29.6 37.5 2.02 10” x Duct 7.4
34”
G-H 2 369.6 25.93 33.5 1.80 10” x Duct 13.6
30”
H-I 2 031.04 22.2 29.5 1.59 10” x Duct 13.6
26”
I-J 1 692.5 18.52 26 1.40 10” x Duct 13.6
24”
J-K 1 354.03 14.8 21.5 1.16 8” x 24” Duct, 2 18.5 7 x 2 = 14
Elbow
K-L 1 015.5 11.1 17.5 0.94 8” x 20” Duct 13.6
L-M 6 77 7.41 11.5 0.62 8” x 12” Duct 4.6
M-N 338.5 3.7 7 0.38 6” x 10” Duct 13.6
TOTAL LENGTH: 168.5 29
Table 4.2.1 Duct Air Quantity for SA at Zone 1

Table 3.1.2 tabulates the size, Length, and elbow equivalent length of the branch ductings.

Duct Air CFM Item Add

Section Quantity Capacity Area Area Duct Length equiv.
(%) % ft2 Size (ft) Length (ft)
D-O 2 031 22.2 29.5 1.59 10” x Duct, Elbow 11 7
26”
 O-P 1 692.5 18.52 26 1.40 10” x Duct 15.1
24”
P-Q 677 7.41 11.5 0.62 8” x 12” Duct 12
Q-R 338.5 3.7 7 0.38 6” x 10” Duct 13.5
P-S 1 015.5 11.1 17.5 0.94 8” x 20” Duct, Elbow 6.7 5
S-T 677 7.41 11.5 0.62 8” x 12” Duct 9.2
T-U 338.5 3.7 7 0.38 6” x 10” Duct 13.5
E-V 1 354.03 14.8 21.5 1.16 8” x 24” Duct 11
V-W, F-Z 1 015.5 11.1 17.5 0.94 8” x 20” Duct 11
W-X, Z-AA 677 7.41 11.5 0.62 8” x 12” Duct 13.6
X-Y 338.5 3.7 7 0.38 6” x 10” Duct, 2 19.2 4x2=8
Elbow
AA-AB 338.5 3.7 7 0.38 6” x 10” Duct 13.6

Table 4.2.2 Other Branch duct sizing

“After Sizing the system, the designer must compute the total pressure loss of the
longest run (Largest flow resistance), taking care to include all fittings and
transition” Quoted from HVAC, by Mcquiston, PP 441. It appears that the duct
run from the fan to terminal N has the highest resistance.

Total Length of duct run from fan – N = 168.5 ft + 29 ft = 197.5 ft

The total friction loss in the duct work from fan to last terminal N:

Loss = total equivalent length x friction rate

From Carrier Handbook, PP 2-33, Chapter 7, at 1700 fpm and 9 139.7 cfm,
Friction loss per 100 ft = 0.091

Therefore
Loss = 197.5 ft x (0.091 / 100) = 0.180 in. wg
 The total static pressure required at fan discharge is the sum of the
terminal operating pressure and the loss in the duct work credit can be taken for
the regain between the first and last section of the duct.
Velocity in initial section = 1700 fpm
Velocity in last section = 625 fpm, from Carrier Handbook, PP 2-33, Chart 7
using equivalent round duct at the last section (9.8 in) and CFM of 338.5
cfm.
From Carrier Handbook, PP 2-38, of “Fan Conversion Loss or Gain” topic
Using 75 % regain coefficient,
Regain = 0.75[(1700/4000)2 – (625/4000)2] = 0.117 in. wg

Therefore, the total static pressure at fan discharge is,

= duct friction + terminal pressure – regain
= 0.180 in. wg + 0.15 in. wg – 0.117 in. wg
= 0.213 in. wg

Duct Sizing for Return Air in Zone 1:

Total Air Quantity = CFMreturn = 8 749.7 cfm
Total number of Air Terminals = 19
CFM for each air terminal = 8 749.7 cfm / 19 = 460.5 cfm

Duct Area entering section AHU:

A = Q/ V = 8 749.7 cfm / 1 500 fpm = 5.83 m2

Duct Air CFM Area Area Duct Item Length Add

Section Quantity Capacity % ft2 Size (ft) equiv.
(%) Length
(ft)
A-AHU 8 749.7 100 100 5.83 20” x Duct, 23.5 14
28” Elbow
B-A 8 289.2 94.74 96 5.60 20” x Duct 17.6
46”
C-B 6 447.15 73.68 80 4.66 18” x Duct 13.5
42”
D-C 4 144.6 47.37 55 3.21 16” x Duct 13.5
32”
E-D 1 842.04 21.05 28 1.63 12” x Duct 20.8
22”
F-E 1 381.5 15.79 23 1.34 10” x Duct 21.5
22”
G-F 921.02 10.53 17.5 1.02 10” x Duct, 18.4 6
16” Elbow
H-G 460.5 5.26 9 0.52 6” x Duct, 2 23.95 2x5=
14” Elbow 10
TOTAL LENGTH: 152.75 30
Table 4.2.3 Duct Air Quantity for RA at Zone 1

Duct Air CFM Area Area Duct Item Length Add

Section Quantity Capacity % ft2 Size (ft) equiv.
(%) Length
(ft)
I-B 1 381.5 15.79 23 1.34 10” x Duct, 9.2 7
22” Elbow
J-I 921.02 10.53 17.5 1.02 10” x Duct 13.5
16”
K-J 460.5 5.26 9 0.52 6” x Duct, 32.9 4
14” Elbow
L-C 1 842.04 21.05 28 1.63 12” x Duct, 9.2 8
22” Elbow
M-L 1 381.5 15.79 23 1.34 10” x Duct 13.5
22”
N-M, Q- 921.02 10.53 17.5 1.02 10” x Duct 13.5
P 16”
O-N 460.5 5.26 9 0.52 6” x Duct, 13.8 4
14” Elbow
P-D 1 842.04 21.05 28 1.63 12” x Duct, 9.2 8
22” Elbow
R-Q 921.02 10.53 17.5 1.02 10” x Duct 13.5
16”
S-R 460.5 5.26 9 0.52 6” x Duct 13.5
14”
T-G 460.5 5.26 9 0.52 6” x Duct 7.55
14”
Table 4.2.4 Other Branch duct
The total friction loss in the duct work from last terminal H to the fan:
From Carrier Handbook, PP 2-33, Chapter 7, at 1 500 fpm and 8 749.7 cfm,
Friction loss per 100 ft = 0.08

Therefore
Loss = 182.75 ft x (0.08 / 100) = 0.1462 in. wg

The total static pressure required at fan discharge is the sum of the
terminal operating pressure and the loss in the duct work credit can be taken for
the regain between the first and last section of the duct.
Velocity in initial section = 1500 fpm
Velocity in last section = 825 fpm, from Carrier Handbook, PP 2-33, Chart 7
using equivalent round duct (9.8 in) of last section and cfm of 460.5 cfm.

From Carrier Handbook, PP 2-38, of “Fan Conversion Loss or Gain” topic

 Using 75 % regain coefficient,
Regain = 0.75[(1500/4000)2 – (825/4000)2] = 0.074 in. wg

Therefore, the total static pressure at fan discharge is,

= duct friction + terminal pressure – regain
= 0.1462 in. wg + 0.15 in. wg – 0.074 in. wg
= 0.222 in. wg

4.3 ZONE 2:
Duct Sizing for Supply Air in Zone 2:
Total Air Quantity = CFMsupply = 3 611.3 cfm
Total number of Air Terminals = 8
CFM for each air terminal = 3 611.3 cfm / 8 = 451.4 cfm

Duct Area entering section A:

A = Q/ V = 3 611.3 cfm / 1 700 fpm = 2.124 ft2

Duct Air CFM Item Add

Section Quantity Capacity Area Area Duct Length equiv.
(%) % ft2 Size (ft) Length
(ft)
AHU-A 3 611.3 100 100 2.124 10” x Duct, 13.5 12
36” Elbow
A-B 2 708.5 75 80.5 1.71 10” x Duct 13.5
28”
B-C 1354.2 37.5 46 0.98 8” x Duct, 14.27 5
 20” Elbow
C-D 902.8 25 32.5 0.69 8” x Duct 13.5
14”
D-E 451.4 12.5 19.5 0.41 6” x Duct 13.5
12”
TOTAL LENGTH: 68.27 17
Table 4.3.1 Duct Air Quantity for SA at Zone 2
Duct Air CFM Item Add
Section Quantity Capacity Area Area Duct Length equiv.
(%) % ft2 Size (ft) Length
(ft)
A-F 902.8 25 32.5 0.69 8” x Duct, 9.3 5
14” Elbow
F-G 451.4 12.5 19.5 0.41 6” x Duct 13.5
12”
B-H 1 354.2 37.5 46 0.98 8” x Duct, 0.77 5
20” Elbow
H-I 902.8 25 32.5 0.69 8” x Duct 13.5
14”
I-J 451.4 12.5 19.5 0.41 6” x Duct 13.5
12”
Table 4.3.2 Other Branch duct
The total friction loss in the duct work from fan to last terminal E:
From Carrier Handbook, PP 2-33, Chapter 7, at 1 700 fpm and 3 611.3 cfm,
Friction loss per 100 ft = 0.19

Therefore
Loss = 85.27 ft x (0.19 / 100) = 0.162 in. wg
 Velocity in initial section = 1700 fpm
Velocity in last section = 985 fpm, from Carrier Handbook, PP 2-33, Chart 7
using equivalent round duct (9.1 in) of last section and cfm of 451.4 cfm.

From Carrier Handbook, PP 2-38, of “Fan Conversion Loss or Gain” topic

Using 75 % regain coefficient,
Regain = 0.75[(1700/4000)2 – (985/4000)2] = 0.09 in. wg

Therefore, the total static pressure at fan discharge is,

= duct friction + terminal pressure – regain
= 0.162 in. wg + 0.15 in. wg – 0.09 in. wg
= 0.222 in. wg

Duct Sizing for Return Air in Zone 2:

Total Air Quantity = CFMreturn = 3 453.8 cfm
Total number of Air Terminals = 4
CFM for each air terminal = 3 453.8 cfm / 4 = 863.45 cfm

Duct Area entering AHU:

A = Q/ V = 3 453.8 cfm / 1 500 fpm = 2.3 ft2
Duct Air CFM Item Add
Section Quantity Capacity Area Area Duct Length equiv.
(%) % ft2 Size (ft) Length
(ft)
A-AHU 3 453.8 100 100 2.3 14” x Duct, 13.5 9
26” Elbow
B-A 1 726.9 50 58 1.15 8” x Duct, 14.27 6
24” Elbow
C-B 863.45 25 32.5 0.75 6” x Elbow 13.5
22”
TOTAL LENGTH: 41.27 15
Table 4.3.3 Duct Air Quantity for RA at Zone 2

Duct Air CFM Item Add

Section Quantity Capacity Area Area Duct Length equiv.
(%) % ft2 Size (ft) Length
(ft)
D-A 1 726.9 50 58 1.15 8” x Duct, 14.27 6
24” Elbow
E-D 863.45 25 32.5 0.75 6” x Elbow 13.5
22”
Table 4.3.4 Other Branch duct
The total friction loss in the duct work from the last terminal C to the fan:
From Carrier Handbook, PP 2-33, Chapter 7, at 1 500 fpm and 3 453.8 cfm,
Friction loss per 100 ft = 0.135

Therefore
Loss = 56.27 ft x (0.135 / 100) = 0.076 in. wg

Velocity in initial section = 1500 fpm

Velocity in last section = 1050 fpm, from Carrier Handbook, PP 2-33, Chart
7 using equivalent round duct (12 in) of last section and CFM of 863.45
cfm.

From Carrier Handbook, PP 2-38, of “Fan Conversion Loss or Gain” topic

Using 75 % regain coefficient,
Regain = 0.75[(1500/4000)2 – (1050/4000)2] = 0.054 in. wg
Therefore, the total static pressure at fan discharge is,
= duct friction + terminal pressure – regain
= 0.076 in. wg + 0.15 in. wg – 0.054 in. wg
= 0.172 in. wg