Answer Key: 1. Know About The Computer

Answer Key
1. Know about the Computer
Think and Answer (page 3)

Data collected by an OMR is more accurate than data collected by a person because OMR gives more
reliable result with high speed by recognising only the darkened circles.
Exercise Time
A. 1. Barcode Reader, Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
2. Dot Matrix Printer, Laser Printer
3. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU)
4. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), Light Emitting Diode (LED)
5. Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (ROM)
B. 1. Barcode; price; place 2. OCR 3. magnetic; iron
4. Laser; laser 5. AND; OR; NOT; XOR
C. 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True
D. 1. Optical Character Reader 2. Optical Mark Reader
3. Magnetic Ink Character Reader 4. Central Processing Unit
5. Arithmetic Logic Unit
E. 1. OMR OCR MICR

OMR stands for means OCR stands for means MICR stands for means
Optical Mark Reader Optical Character Reader Magnetic Ink Character
Reader
OMR is a device that OCR takes normal printed MICR are used by banks to
reads OMR sheets used in or hand written text as scan the characters printed in
objective type exams. input. magnetic ink.
OMR sheet has circles that It creates a digital image It checks the validity of bank
need to be filled with a dark of the text. cheques.
pencil or ink. When the light
beam is passed through
this sheet, the marked area
reflects less light than the
unmarked ones.
2. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of a computer where the processing of input
data is done. The CPU consists of two components.
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• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): It performs arithmetic and logic operations. Arithmetic
instructions include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division while logic instructions
include AND, OR, NOT and XOR operations.
• Control Unit (CU): It is a piece of hardware that manages the activities of peripherals. It
extracts instructions from memory, decodes and executes them.
3.
Program and
Data
Input Unit Memory Unit Output Unit
Control Unit
Central Processing Unit
Arithmetic
Logic Unit
4.
Primary Memory Secondary Memory

Primary memory is also called main memory. Secondary memory is used to store large
This memory is directly accessed by the CPU amount of data and programs.
for reading and storing.
It is volatile. It is non-volatile.
Example: Read Only Memory (ROM) and Example: Magnetic disks and tapes,
Random Access Memory (RAM). optical disks and pen drive
5. (a) Printer prints the output on the paper. The printed copy is called the hard copy. The most
commonly used printers are Dot Matrix, Inkjet and Laser printers.
• Dot Matrix Printer: It works very similar to a typewriter and creates the impression by
striking on the paper. It produces output in black and white.
• Inkjet Printer: An inkjet printer produces hard copy by spraying ink onto a paper. It
produces output both in black and white, and in colour.
• Laser Printer: An inkjet printer uses laser beam and dry ink to produce hard copy. It
gives a very high quality output.
(b) A barcode is a computer coding system that comprises of the computer horizontal stripes
of vertical bars of laying width. It represents product information such as price and place
of manufacture. You might have seen barcodes on clothes, electronics and food packets.
A barcode reader or barcode scanner is used for reading printed barcodes. It consists of a
light source, a lens and a light sensor.
(c) Following are the applications of a computer.
• Computers are used at home to play games, listen to music, store addresses and
telephone numbers, book movie tickets and many other things.
• Computers are used in schools to prepare lessons and result of students, teach different
subjects and provide information to make projects.
• Computers are used in offices to maintain employee records, communicate important
information through e-mails and many other things.
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• Computers are used to create advertisements and animated films.
• Computers are used in libraries, research and space centres, hospitals, airlines, railway
reservation offi ces and many other places for commercial purposes.
Following are the advantages of a computer.
• It stores large amount of data.
• It performs tasks at a high speed.
• It performs calculations quickly and accurately.
• It does repeated work with same speed and accuracy.
• It reduces the paper work.
Apply Your Knowledge
Students are expected to do this activity on their own.
In the Lab
Activity Corner
A. 1. MONITOR
2. CPU
3. PENDRIVE
4. SOFTCOPY
5. PRINTER
6. OPTICAL CHARACTER READER
7. OPTICAL MARK READER
8. BARCODE READER
B. Students are expected to do this activity on their own.
C. Students are expected to do this activity on their own.
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2. Types of Software and Computer Languages

1. Software is a set of programs which cannot be touched or felt. It provides better communication
between a computer and a user. A computer cannot operate without a software.
2. Software is classified into three categories—system software, application software and
programming software.
3. System software are further classified into operating system, device drivers and language
translators.
1. operating system
2. application
Exercise Time
A. 1. System software, Application software
2. Windows, Linux
3. Word processor, PowerPoint
4. Text editors
5. PowerBuilder, Report Builder
B. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (a)
C. 1. 0; 1 2. Compiler; interpreter 3. artificial intelligence
4. PROLOG; Mercury 5. high speed
D. 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True
E. 1. Software is a set of programs which cannot be touched or felt. It provides better communication
between a computer and a user. A computer cannot operate without a software. Software is
classified into three categories—system software, application software and programming
software.
• System Software: System software refers to the programs designed to control the
operation of a computer system. It is a computer software which manages and controls
the hardware so that application software can perform required tasks. System software are
further classified into operating system, device drivers and language translators.
• Application Software: An application software allows the users to perform one or more
specific tasks without having any knowledge of computer programming. Application
software includes programs that do specific work for a user. Word Processor, Spreadsheet
and PowerPoint are some application software.
• Programming Software: A programming software allows the programmer to develop a
program for computer application. Text editors and diagnostic tools are some programming
software.
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2. There are three types of translators: compiler, interpreter and assembler.
Compiler Interpreter Assembler
Computer understands Interpreter translates An assembler is a program
machine language only. a program line by line, that produces machine code
It consists of 0 and 1. The passing each line to from assembly language
compiler translates a complete the CPU for execution program. An
program at once before before the next line is assembler is generally used
passing it on to the CPU. interpreted. for hardware programming.
3. Difference between 1GLs and 2GLs

1GLs 2GLs
First generation language (1GL) is essentially a Second generation language (2GL)
machine language. It is the only language that refers to the assembly language. This
a computer understands. Instructions are given language uses mnemonic codes or
in the form of binary digits, i.e., 0 and 1, where 0 symbols instead of 0 and 1.
indicates OFF state and 1 means ON state.
4. Forth generation languages (4GLs) were developed to reduce programming time, effort
and cost by offering different methods of generating code automatically from a simpler
framework. It has a very high speed of execution.
5. Fifth generation language (5GL) is the language used in the field of artificial intelligence. It
is designed to reduce the level of programming efforts. Here the users specify the required
output they want, while the computer determines the sequence of instructions that will
accomplish those results. Thus, scientists are trying to develop artificial intelligence in
computers so that they can think and take decisions themselves.

In the Lab
Activity Corner
A. P O W E R B U I L D E R
A D A Z F A R J O U W J
F B E B Y S S T B V X Y
O N C K C I X B O C A Z
R O L D I C G W C C M D
T Q P M L E J H V T E U
R R J Q H G F E S R R J
A L S K O I G G F J C Q
N Y X L M N O P H P U N
C Z O V S J A U A J R J
J R A W T R U Q O M Y I
P B A U T O C O D E L K
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C. Operating System
System Software Device Drivers
Language Translators
Application Software Programming Software

Software
Examples
Examples 1GLs Computer Languages 2GLs RAL
0, 1 Autocode
3GLs 4GLs 5GLs
Examples Examples Examples

Basic COBOL SQL PROLOG
NATURAL Mercury
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3. More on Flowcharts

1. Algorithm 2. Flowchart
1. Arrow's direction represents the flow of the sequence in a flowchart.
2. A rectangle represents steps involving processing of data.
3. Simple flowchart is the general direction of flow from top to bottom or left to right. Whereas
branched flowchart shows the steps in an algorithm into multiple paths based on how a
particular condition works out.
Exercise Time
A. 1. Better communication, Effective analysis 2. Arrows, Process (Rectangle)
3. Simple flowchart, Branched flowchart 4. BASIC, FORTRAN
5. Computer program
S=A+B
B. 1. Start Read A, B D=A–B Print S, P, D Stop
C=A×B
C. 1. Start
Read A, B, C, D
Yes Is No
A>B
Yes Is No No Is Yes
A>C B>C
Yes Is No Yes Is No Yes Is No

A>D C>D B>D
Print ‘A is the Print ‘C is the Print ‘B is the

greatest number’ greatest number’ greatest number’
Print ‘D is the
greatest number’
Stop
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2. Start 3. Start
Read A, B Input number
Product = A × B
Is
Quotient = A / B Yes No
number %
2=0
Print product, Display Display
Quotient "Even number" "Odd number"
Stop
Stop
4. Start
5.
Start
Read A, B, C
No Are you Yes
in school?
Sum = A + B + C
Visit the market Go Home
Stop Print the Sum
Stop
D.
1. flowchart; geometric shape; arrows 2. system analysis; program development
3. connector 4. Branching
5. loop
E.
1. A flowchart is a pictorial representation of steps of an algorithm used for solving a particular
problem. In a flowchart, each operation is represented by a specific geometric shape
connected by arrows. Simple flowchart, branched flowchart and looping flowchart are
different types of flowcharts.
Simple Flowchart: The general direction of flow in any flowchart is from top to bottom or left
to right.
Branched Flowchart: Sometimes the flow of steps in an algorithm can branch into multiple
paths based on how a particular condition works out. Branching is the process of following
one or two or more alternate paths of computations.
Looping Flowchart: Sometimes few steps in an algorithm have to be repeated for a specific
number of times. This is known as a loop. A loop is the sequence of instructions that repeats
a specified number of times until a particular condition is met.
2. Advantages of using a flowchart are as follows.
• Communication: Flowchart helps to understand the logic of a system better.
• Effective analysis: Problems can be analysed in a more effective way using a flowchart.
• Proper documentation: Flowchart serves as good program documentation.
• Efficient coding: Flowchart acts as a guide or blue print during the system analysis and
program development phase.
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Limitations of a flowchart are as follows.
• Flowchart becomes complex if the program logic is complicated.
• It has to be completely redrawn in case of alterations.
3. Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a particular problem. An algorithm written in
a programming language and executed by the computer is called computer program.
4. Symbol Name Function
Start/Stop An oval is used to indicate the beginning and
the end point.
Input/Output A parallelogram is used to indicate the
acceptance of input from the user or the
output or the result concluded.
Arrows A line is a connector that connects various
geometrical shapes. The arrow’s direction
represents the flow of the sequence.
Process A rectangle represents steps involving
processing of data.
Decision Box A diamond represents steps involving a

decision to be taken on the basis of a specific
condition.
Connector A connector is a circle which connects one
part of a flowchart to another.

Simple flowchart, branched flowchart and looping flowchart are different types of flowcharts.
Simple Flowchart: The general direction of flow in any flowchart is from top to bottom or left
to right.
Branched Flowchart: Sometimes the flow of steps in an algorithm can branch into multiple
paths based on how a particular condition works out. Branching is the process of following
one or two or more alternate paths of computations.
Looping Flowchart: Sometimes few steps in an algorithm have to be repeated for a specific
number of times. This is known as a loop. A loop is the sequence of instructions that repeats
a specified number of times until a particular condition is met.
5. (a) The given flowchart depicts the conversion of temperature in Celcius scale to Farenheit
scale.
(b) –2°C
F_temp = [1.8 × (–2)] + 32
= – 3.6 + 32
= 28.4° F
10°C
F_temp = (1.8 × 10) + 32
= 18 + 32
= 50° F
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In the Lab
Activity Corner
A. Students are expected to do this activity on their own.
B. Start
Get bread, butter, jam,

knife and plate
Put two slices of

bread on the plate
Spread butter on
one side
Spread jam on
other side
Put the two slices

together, sticky side in
Yes want No
another Stop
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4. Introduction to MS Small Basic
Exercise Time
A. 1. program 2. Editor 3. variable 4. Integer 5. keywords
B. 1. It checks if the first value is less than or equal to the second value.
2. It returns ‘True’ only if both the relational expressions are ‘True’.
3. It performs addition of the numbers.
4. It calculates the exponential value.
5. It checks the non-equality of two values.
6. It returns ‘True’ if at least one of the relational expressions is ‘True’.
C. 1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (e) 5. (a)
D. 1. False 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. True
E. 1. Operators are the symbols used to perform various operations on variables or constants.
There are three types of operators present in Small Basic.
• Arithmetic operators perform arithmetic operations.
• Relational operators compare two values and return True (1) or False (0).
• Logical operators combine two or more relational expressions and return the result as True
or False.
2. Following rules should be followed during programming in Small Basic.
• All keywords and commands must be spelled correctly. If these are misspelt, errors will be
displayed.
• Small Basic is not case sensitive. For example, WriteLine ( ) or writeline ( ) are considered to
be the same.
• Small Basic ignores spaces.
3. Read ( ) statement reads the line of text from the window. It only takes string value as input.
Read Number ( ) statement reads the numeric value. It can be either an integer or floating
type.
4. • Click on the Save button present on the ‘File’ group of the ‘Toolbar’. A ‘Save As’ dialog box
appears.
• Select the location where you want to save the file.
• Enter the file name in the ‘File name’ box and click on the Save button.
5. A variable is a location in a computer memory that is used to store data temporarily.
There are two types of variables.
• Numeric Variable: A numeric variable holds only the numeric value. Numeric variables are
further divided into the following.
Integer Type: This type holds only integer values. It does not contain any decimal point.
56, 78 and –9876 are some examples.
Floating Type: It holds a value that contains a decimal point. 78.98 and –54.8 are some
examples.
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• String Variable: A string variable contains a list of characters. A string is always enclosed
within double quotes, within these quotes it can be either a number or characters. “Basic”
and “1 2 3 4 5 6” are some examples.
In the Lab
Activity Corner
C. I A W E R B P I L D E R
M D A Z V A R I A B L E
E D I T O R O T B V X Y
O P C O C I G B O C A C
R O L O I C R W C C M O
S M A L L B A S I C E N
Y R J B H G M E S R R S
N L S A O I P G F J C T
T Y X R M N C P H P U A
A Z O V S J T U A J R N
X R W R I T E L I N E T
O P E R A T O R S E L S
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5. More on PowerPoint

1. table 2. Table
Exercise Time
A. 1. Table 2. Cell
3. View gridlines, Insert rows and columns 4. Table Styles
5. Draw Borders
B. 1. chart, quick layout, Layout 2. table, Design, Effect, Table Styles, applied
C. 1. • Select the slide in which the table is to be inserted.
• Click on the Insert tab of the Ribbon.
• Click on the arrow of the ‘Table’ button in the ‘Table’ group. A drop-down menu appears.
There are five ways that can be opted to create a table.
a. Highlight the rows and columns of the table in the drop-down grid and accordingly a table
will be inserted in the slide.
b.  Click on the Insert Table option from the drop-down menu.
An ‘Insert Table’ dialog box appears. Enter the number of rows and columns.
Click on the OK button to create a table on the slide.
c.  Click on the draw table option from the drop-down menu.
The cursor changes to a pencil. Drag the pencil to create the area for your table.
The ‘Design’ tab opens. Create your table by using the Draw Table option and selecting
a style from the ‘Table Styles’ group.
d. Click on the Excel Spreadsheet option from the drop-down menu.

A small ‘Excel’ sheet box appears. Click and drag the sheet to get the desired size.

Click on each cell and type your data.

e. Click on the Home tab.


Click on the drop down arrow of New Slide and select Title and Content slide.

Click on the Table icon on the slide.

An ‘Insert Table’ dialog box appears. Enter the number of rows and columns.

Click on the OK button.

2. Follow these steps to change the border colour of the table.

• Click on the table. The Design tab appears.
• Click on the Pen Color tool in the ‘Draw Borders’ group.
• Color Palette’ appears. Select the desired colour. Click the left mouse button on the line
where you want to change the colour or drag the mouse over it. Release the button to
change the line colour.
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3. Insert and view chart, and to edit chart data.
• Click on the Insert tab.
• Select the Chart button in the ‘Illustrations’ group.
• An ‘Insert Chart’ dialog box opens on the screen which will display various charts available
in the template of MS PowerPoint. Select the type of chart you want for the MS Excel
document containing the data.
• Click on the OK button to insert it.
• An ‘Excel’ document showing sample data will be displayed. Click on the Close button.
• Once a chart is inserted in the slide, a new ‘Chart Tools’ button appears on the ‘Design’ tab.
It displays layouts and styles of charts to choose from.
4. Insert video files in a presentation.
• Click on the Video button in the ‘Media’ group of the ‘Insert’ tab. A drop-down menu
appears. Select the Video on My PC option. An ‘Insert Video’ dialog box appears on the
screen.
• Select the desired video file and then click on the Insert button.
• The Format and Playback tabs appear. You can format the inserted video by clicking on the
Format tab.
• Click on the Play button.
5. Apply animation effect.
• Select the object to be animated.
• Click on the Animations tab on the ‘Ribbon’.
• Select Add Animation from ‘Advanced Animations’ group.
• Click on the desired animation eff ect from various groups.
• Specify timings in Duration and Delay buttons in ‘Timing’ group to change and control the
speed of the applied animation eff ect.
D. 1. A table is a grid made up of rows and columns.
Cells are rectangular boxes formed by the intersection of rows and columns.
2. Charts are an effective way to display data in a pictorial form. Charts are used in presentation
because they simplify the process of comparison.
3. Animation is a process where multiple images are displayed rapidly in a sequence such that
the images appear to be in motion. The way one slide follows the other on a screen is called
transition.
4. Different categories of animation effects are as follows.
• Entrance: This effect decides the manner in which an object enters a slide during the slide
show. It makes the object focus, fade, etc.
• Emphasis: This effect makes an object shrink or grow in size, change colour, etc.
• Exit: This effect controls the manner in which an object exits from the slide during the slide
show.
• Motion paths: This effect make an object move up or down, left or right, etc.
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5. The Layout tab provides the following options to modify a table.
• View Gridlines (Table Group): It shows or hides the gridlines in the table.
• Insert Rows and Columns (Rows & Columns Group): It inserts rows and columns above,
below, left and right of the current column.
• Delete Tables, Rows and/or Columns (Rows & Columns Group): It deletes table, rows and
columns.
• Merge or Split Cells (Merge Group): It merges or splits the selected cells.
• Increase or Decrease Cell Size (Cell Size Group): It sets the height and width of the selected
cell.
• Align Text, Text Directions, Cell Margins (Alignment Group): It aligns the text within the
cells, changes text direction and specifies the margin for the selected cell.
In the Lab
Activity Corner
A. 1. PIE 2. COLUMNS 3. TABLE 4. ANIMATION 5. TRANSITION
6. MERGE 7. CELL 8. ROWS 9. EXIT 10. RIBBON
B. Students are exprected to do this activity on their own.
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6. MS PowerPoint: Giving Presentations

1. Present Online 2. Speaker notes 3. Esc
Exercise Time
A. 1. Slide Show tab, Slide Show group
2. Set Up Slide Show
3. Presented by a speaker, Browsed by an individual
4. Using timings, Enter key
5. Proofing
B. 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True
C. 1. Follow these steps to run a slide show.
• To start the slide show, click on the From Beginning button or the From Current Slide
button of the ‘Start Slide Show’ on the ‘Slide Show’ tab.
• Use the arrow keys on the keyboard to move forward or backward in a presentation. Press
the Esc key to end the slide show.
2. Follow these steps to create Speaker Notes.
• Select the slide.
• Go to ‘View’ tab of PowerPoint window and select Notes Page option from the ‘Presentation
Views’ group.
• Click to add text’ section appears below the slide. Type the notes for the selected slide.
3. Follow these steps to record narration.
• Click on the Record Slide Show option from the ‘Set Up’ group of the ‘Slide Show’ tab. It will
give two options Start Recording from Beginning and Start Recording from Current Slides.
• Click on any one of the options.
• Click on the Start Recording button.
• Speak in the microphone when the ‘Recording’ dialog box appears on the screen.
• To stop recording, click on [×] button. Total time of the slide show is displayed on the left
button on the screen.
4. Follow these steps to rehearse timings.
• Click on the Rehearse Timings option from the ‘Set Up’ group of the ‘Slide Show’ tab.
• You will be taken to a full screen view of the presentation. Practise speaking and advance
the slides as required in the presentation.
• Click on the Next button on the ‘Recording’ toolbar in the upper-left corner.
• When you reach the end of the show, a dialog box appears displaying the total time of your
presentation. Click on the Yes button if you are satisfied with the timing.
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5. Follow these steps to print a presentation.
• Click on the File tab.
• Click on the Print option. Various print options will be displayed.
• Select the number of copies from ‘Copies’ box.
• Choose other desired options and click on the Print button.
D. 1. The Slide Show group on the Slide Show tab contains many options for the slide show.
• From Beginning: It starts the slide show from the first slide of the presentation.
• From Current Slide: It starts the slide show from the active slide.
• Present Online: It presents the slide show online.
• Custom Slide Show: It presents the slide selected by you.
2. The Set Up Slide Show option is available in the ‘Set Up’ group of ‘Slide Show’ tab. It allows you
to set preferences on how the slide show will be presented. When you click on Set Up Slide
Show option, a ‘Set Up Show’ window appears on the screen. It includes many options like
Show type, Show slides, Show options, Advance slides and Multiple monitors.
3. Set Up Show includes many options like Show type, Show slides, Show options, Advance
slides and Multiple monitors.
• Show type: It allows to configure the presentation for one of the three basic slide show
types: Presented by a speaker (full screen), Browsed by an individual (window) or Browsed
at a kiosk (full screen).
• Show options: To run the show indefinitely until you press Esc, select the Loop continuously
until ‘Esc’ check box. You can also run a show with or without narration.
• Pen color: It selects the pen colour to be used.
• Laser pointer color: It selects the colour of the laser pointer.
• Show slides: To include all slides in the slide show, select All or choose From and enter
starting and ending slide numbers if you want to display just some slides in the slide show.
• Advance slides: You can choose to change the slides manually by pressing the Enter key
or by clicking on the slide. To set the show to proceed automatically, select Using timings,
if present.
• Multiple monitors: This option is used to select the monitor from the drop-down list in the
‘Multiple monitors’ area if the computer has two monitors.
4. Speaker notes are the notes added to the slides as a reference for the speaker. They allow you
to create notes for each slide.
5. While designing and running a presentation, keep the following points in mind.
• Slides should be of consistent design throughout the presentation.
• Use high-quality graphics and pictures to make the presentation attractive.
• Remove unnecessary information from the presentation.
• Use contrasting background and text colours.
• Limit bullet points and text. Do not use more than six bullets per page.
• Limit to three fonts for the text in a presentation.
• Use consistent fonts throughout the presentation.
• The text under bullets should be short ideas, not long sentences.
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• Add web links to your presentation and use hyperlinks between the slides.
• Prepare the introduction and conclusion.
In the Lab
Activity Corner
A. 1. SPEAKER NOTES 2. SPELL CHECK 3. SLIDE SHOW
4. NARRATION 5. REHEARSE TIMINGS
B. Students are exprected to do this activity on their own.
C. Effective Presentation
Remove unnecessary Use contrasting Limit to three fonts Use consistent fonts
information from the background and text for the text in a throughout the
presentation colours presentation presentation
The text under bullets should Slides should be of consistent Limit bullet points and text.
be short ideas, not long design throughout the Do not use more than six
sentences presentation bullets per page
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7. The Mail Merge

1. main document 2. main document
Exercise Time
A. 1. Mail Merge 2. Main Document 3. Mailings tab, Finish group
4. Start Mail Merge 5. Data Source
B. 1. Finish & Merge, Finish; Print Document; Merge to Printer, desired print setting
2. Preview Results, Preview Results, Mailings; first; Next Record, remaining
3. Finish & Merge, Finish, Mailings; Edit Individual Documents; Merge to New Document, OK.
C. (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 1 (e) 2
D. 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. True
E. 1. Follow these steps to create a Mail Merge Document.
• Create a new document and type a letter that you want to send to different people.
• Click on the Mailings tab.
• Click on the Start Mail Merge dropdown arrow present on the ‘Start Mail Merge’ group.
• Select the Step-by-Step Mail Merge Wizard option. The ‘Mail Merge’ task pane will appear
on the right side of the application window.
• Select the Letters radio button under ‘Select document type’ section.
• Click on the Next: Starting document option.
• Select the Use the current document radio button under ‘Select starting document’ section.
• Click on the Next: Select recipients option.
2. The body of the letter which contains the text to be sent to all recipients is called the Main
Document. Data Source consists of a mailing list, for example, name, address, city and
telephone number. The data is organised in a tabular form with the field names. The Data
Source is combined with the Main Document so that the field names can be used in the Main
Document.
3. The process of Mail Merge involves following three main steps.
• Creating the Main Document that contains the body of the letter
• Creating the Data Source that contains the list of recipients
• Merging the Data Source and the Main Document
4. Word offers the following types of documents.
• Letters: This document type is used for sending a formal letter or invoice. It is used for
composing and designing multiple documents for which only the recipient information
varies.
• E-mail Messages: This option is used to send a personalised e-mail to each recipient.
• Envelopes: This option is used for producing envelopes with different sizes.
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• Labels: This option is used to print sheets of labels. Many addresses can be printed on the
same page in different label formats.
• Directory: This option is used to print a catalogue or any other document that requires
printing multiple records per page.
5. In business, offices and schools, it is often required to send letters with similar information to
different people. In such a situation, changing the address every time would be a very long
process which may lead to wastage of time and efforts. Word 2016 provides a feature called
Mail Merge which creates multiple copies of the same letter with names and addresses of
different people available in the records.
In the Lab
Students are exprected to do this activity on their own.
Activity Corner
B. E A D I R E C T O R Y
N V H G P O E D S A M
V X W V P R E V I E W
E T R L C B U R W H F
L A B E L S K L G D A
O Y B T N R P R I N T
P I N T G T I O P D A
E A P E M A I L S E H
S D U R F A V C H I C
W Q L S J G J K R U L
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8. More on Microsoft Word 2016

1. footnote 2. endnote
Exercise Time
A. 1. Footnote
2. References
3. Home
4. Insert tab, illustrations group
5. Text
B. Design; Watermark, Page Background; Custom Watermark, Picture Watermark; Select Picture;
Insert Pictures; Insert; OK
C. a. 3 b. 1 c. 4 d. 2
E. 1. Footnote Endnote
A footnote is placed at the bottom of a An endnote is placed at the end of a
page. document.
The footnote is used in a document to The endnote is used to give references
give comments or references for the for the sources of the text.
text.
2. Follow these steps to insert footnote and endnote in a document.
• Click on the References tab.
• Click on Insert Footnote or Insert Endnote in the ‘Footnotes’ group.
• Enter the text in the ‘Footnote’ or ‘Endnote’ section.
3. Follow these steps to add a screenshot in a document.
• Click on the Word document.
• Click on the Screenshot button in the ‘Illustrations’ group.
• Select the Screen Clipping tool to add a part of the window. When the pointer changes to
a plus (+) symbol, hold the left mouse button and drag to select the area of the screen that
you want to capture.
4. Follow these steps to insert symbols and special characters in a document.
• Place the cursor in the document where you want to insert the symbol.
• Select the Symbols option from the ‘Text’ group.
• From the drop-down menu, select the appropriate symbol from the ‘Symbol’ group. If your
required symbol is not shown, click on the More Symbols option.
• The ‘Symbol’ dialog box appears. Select the required symbol and click on the OK button.
21
5. Follow these steps to insert mathematical equation.
• Place the cursor in the document where you want to insert the equation.
• Select the Equation button from the ‘Symbols’ group. A drop-down menu appears.
• Select the appropriate equation structure or click on the Insert New Equation option. If
you select an equation structure, the required equation will be inserted in the document.
• To edit the equation, click on the Equation. The ‘Design’ tab appears on the ‘Ribbon’. Make
the required changes in the equation.
In the Lab
Activity Corner
R T I N S E R T U I N H G
E U S G L A Y M Z X L O N
F A D E S I G N W H K M C
E B Y A D R U F X T X E T
R L B U K L G H T N J K B
E H W A T E R M A R K N S
N C Z C N B X P Y S A D L
C R P A R A G R A P H M O
E W L J D A B C E R U Y B
S E T O N T O O F X H F M
Q P T Y V Z J K D S R M Y
I L L U S T R A T I O N S
22
9. Formulae and Functions

1. Formulae 2. Relational
Exercise Time
A. 1. equal to (=) 2. Value, Functions, Operators 3. =, <, >, <>
4. AND, OR, NOT 5. +, –
B. 1. (d) 2. (e) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c)
C. 1. $, column, row 2. Arithmetic 3. Logical
4. Relational, logical 5. Compound, calculations.
E. 1. Relative Reference Absolute Reference Mixed Reference
In relative reference, the An absolute reference is Mixed reference is a
formula in the copied cell specified using the $ sign combination of relative
changes according to the along with the column and reference and absolute
change in the position of the row number of the cell. This reference. In this type,
cell pointer. type of referencing is used either the row or
when we do not want to column has to remain
change the address of the cell fixed.
while copying the formula to
another cell.
For example, if the formula in For example, $8$4 is an $B4 is an example of
A3 is = A1 + A2 and you copy absolute reference. The mixed reference.
the same formula to B3, then purpose of $ sign is fixed to a
Excel automatically changes the specific location.
cell address in the formula.
2. Formulae are user defined instructions to perform calculations. A formula in Excel begins
with an equal to (=) sign.
Functions are the predefined commands that act on a cell or a range of cells and perform
calculations. The function consists of two parts: the function name and the arguments. The
arguments are included within the round brackets. A function must begin with an equal to
(=) sign.
3. Commonly used functions in Excel:
• AutoSum: The AutoSum option is used to perform different functions like Average, Count,
Max and Min.
• Sum ( ): The Sum function returns the sum total of the range values.
• Average ( ): The Average function returns the average of the range values.
• Max ( ): The Max function returns the largest value in the given range.
• Min ( ): The Min function returns the smallest value in the given range.
23
4. Rules to use a function are as follows.
• A function must begin with an equal to (=) sign.
• A function name must be a valid name. Sum and Average are some examples.
• A function name must be followed by opening and closing parenthesis.
•
Arguments should be enclosed in the parenthesis.
5. IF function is a conditional function that gives result either in true or false.
Syntax: = IF (Condition, Value_if_true, Value_if_false)
The IF function returns the first value if the condition specified evaluates to true and second
value if the condition evaluates to false.
In the Lab
Activity Corner
A. 1. SUM
2. ARITHMETIC
3. FORMULAE
4. CELL
5. MAX
6. RELATIONAL
7. AVERAGE
8. LOGICAL
9. LCM
10. GCD
24
10. Adobe Flash Professional CS6

1. 550 × 400 pixels 2. Timeline Panel 3. Smooth
Exercise Time
A. 1. Adobe Flash Professional CS6 2. Action Script 3.0 3. Menu Bar, Stage
4. Line tool, Pencil tool 5. Brush tool, Paint Bucket tool
B. 1. Tools Panel 2. Straighten, Smooth, Ink
3. precise, straight, curved 4. Lasso 5. scale, rotate, skew
C. 1. Eraser tool is used to erase anything drawn on the Stage.
2. Ink Bottle tool is used to change properties like stroke colour and width.
3. Paint Bucket tool is used to fill colour in an object.
4. Pencil tool is a freehand drawing tool used to draw free-form lines.
5. Free Transform tool is used to scale, rotate and skew any object in Flash.
D. 1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. True
E. 1. Advantages of Flash are as follows.
• Flash helps in designing interactive and attractive web pages and websites.
• It is used to create a Flash animation which is not browser specific and thus can be accessed
from any browser.
• There is no need to install a new browser or upgrade the existing one to view a Flash
animation.
Disadvantages of Flash are as follows.
• Flash animation or video loading is a time taking process.
• To watch Flash movies, a Flash player needs to be downloaded and installed on the system.
• It is difficult to update the Flash files.
2. Following are the components of a Flash window.
• Menu Bar: It provides access to common functions and commands like opening and saving
processes in Flash.
• Stage: It is the white rectangular area where we place our content and create our drawings.
By default, the Stage size is 550 × 400 pixels.
• Work Area: It is the light grey area around the Stage where we place objects until we want
them to appear on the Stage.
• Tools Panel: It contains a set of tools to draw, paint, select and modify objects.
• Property Inspector: It displays the properties of the selected object. It is mostly used for
changing the settings such as Stage size and then select. If Property Inspector is not visible,
then click on Windows tab and then select Properties option.
• Timeline Panel: It is an area from where one can control the timing of graphics. It is divided
into frames.
25
3. Drawing tools help in drawing various objects.
• Line tool is used to draw lines on the Stage.
• Pencil tool is a freehand drawing tool used to draw free-form lines. The Pencil tool has
three possible modes: Straighten, Smooth and Ink.
• Rectangle tool is used to draw square and rectangular shapes.
• Pen tool is used to draw precise paths in the form of straight lines or curves. The angle and
length of the segment can be adjusted afterwards.
• Text tool is used to type text on the Stage.
4. Follow these steps to select the irregular area of the drawing.
• Draw an object on the Stage.
• Click on the Lasso tool on the ‘Tools Panel’.
• Move the mouse pointer on the Stage. It changes to the Lasso shape. Click and drag the
Lasso tool around the object. End the selection approximately from where you started.
Release the mouse button and observe the selection.
5. Follow these steps to import an image in Flash.
• Click on the File menu and click on the Import option.
• Select the Import to Stage option.
• An ‘Import’ window appears. Select the location from where you want to import the image
and select the file.
Students are expected to do on their own.
In the Lab
Students are exprected to do on their own.
Activity Corner
A. A B C F L A S H L D E R 1. LASSO TOOL
G P W Z F A R J P U W L 2. WORK AREA
A D O B E S S T A V I A
3. ADOBE
O N R K C I X B I C A S
4. FLASH
5. STAGE
R O K D I C G W N C M S
6. PEN
T Q A M L E J H T T E O
7. PAINT BUCKET
R E R A S E F E B R R T
8. ERASE
A L E K O I G G U J C O
N Y A L M N O P C P U O
C Z O V S J P U K J R L
J R S T A G E Q E M Y I
P B A U T O N O T E L K

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11. More about the Internet

1. Computer network is beneficial for connectivity, data sharing, device sharing and
communication.
2. LAN connects network devices over a short distance and is managed by a single person or
organisation. WAN connects network devices over a country and covers a large area.
3. The world wide web contains millions of documents called web pages. Each page contains
elements like text, graphics, audio and video.
Exercise Time
A. 1. LAN, MAN, WAN
2. World Wide Web (WWW), Video Conferencing
3. E-commerce
4. Internet TV
5. Hotstar, SonyLIV
B. 1. unique capabilities
2. wired medium, wireless medium
3. client, server
4. MAN
5. single person, organisation
C. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. False
D. 1. Computer network is a group of computers linked to each other through wired medium or a
wireless medium.
2. Local Area Network (LAN) connects network devices over a short distance and is managed
by a single person or organisation. A network in a office building, school or home usually
contains a single LAN.
3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) connects network devices over a city and covers a larger
area than that of LAN. It connects the computers of the same or different cities. Cable network
is an example of MAN.
4. Wide Area Network (WAN) connects network devices over a country and covers a larger area
than that of MAN. Internet is an example of WAN.
5. Video conferencing is a form of communication that includes exchange of audio and video
at the same time between people sitting at geographically separate locations. Here the
participants can view each other on their monitors and can also hear their voice on the
speakers.
6. Chat is a text-based communication between two or more users. A chat is a short message
that enables other participants to respond quickly. Chatting is done using chat applications.
7. Electronic commerce refers to buying and selling of various products online. Internet is used
as a convenient way to shop from homes or other places.
27
8. Netiquette are the set of rules to be followed while using the Internet.
E. 1.
Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Wide Area Network
Network (MAN) (WAN)
LAN connects network devices MAN connects network WAN connects network
over a short Distance. devices over a city. devices over a country.
LAN is managed by a single MAN covers a larger area WAN covers a larger area
person or organisation. than that of LAN. than that of MAN.
LAN is used in office building, Example: Cable network Example: Internet
school or home.
2. A single computer can act as both client and server. For example, when we use a chat program
to send instant messages, our computer acts as a server as we send message and as a client
when we receive it. This is called peer-to-peer communication (P2P).
3. Internet TV is web television and is available wherever a broadband connection exists. It is a
replacement for cable TV. An Internet TV can be watched on a computer screen, a television
screen and a mobile device. The programs can be searched and retrieved anytime. Hotstar
and SonyLIV are some popular Internet TV service providers.
4. Education through Internet, i.e., electronic learning or E-learning means learning with the
use of technology anytime and anywhere. It is implemented using Internet connection, a
network and storage disk. E-learning saves time and reduces the need for costly classroom-
based training. Video conferencing is a form of communication, also used for distance
learning education.
5. We can connect and communicate with people through some popular services provided
by the Internet, i.e., World Wide Web, video conferencing, chatting, Internet calls, E-learning,
E-commerce, E-banking, etc.
• World Wide Web (WWW): The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of millions of web
pages stored in millions of computers all over the world. Basically it is a storehouse of
information on the Internet. The WWW contains millions of documents called web pages.
Each page contains elements like text, graphics, audio and video. To access different web
pages, one requires a software program called web browser. The most common web
browsers are Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome and Internet Explorer.
• Video Conferencing: Video conferencing is a form of communication that includes
exchange of audio and video at the same time between people sitting at geographically
separate locations. Here the participants can view each other on their monitors and can
also hear their voice on the speakers. It is basically used for interviewing job candidates,
conducting meetings and for distance learning education. Thus, it reduces travel expenses,
saves time and improves communication. Skype and Google Duo are some popular video
conferencing applications.
• Chatting: Chat is a text-based communication between two or more users. A chat is a
short message that enables other participants to respond quickly. Chatting is done using
chat applications. Here you can type a message and get an instant reply from a friend or
a group of friends who are logged onto the chat application. Chat applications also have
emoticons that help in expressing emotions.
28
Students are expected to do on their own.
In the Lab
Students are exprected to do on their own.
Activity Corner
C. N E T W O R K W X S
M U E I P Q B G K E
W A N C C U H R J R
A B R U L T P O L V
D S E F I R K U W E
R U T J E G B T Z R
L A N S N D E E Q W
Q G I Y T O D R M M
T B D H T G S N C A
W I R E L E S S X N
1. SERVER
2. WIRELESS
3. ROUTER
4. INTERNET
5. WAN
6. NETWORK
7. LAN
8. CLIENT
29
Answers to Test Yourself
A. 1. independent 2. equivalent binary code

3. control the operation 4. Language translator
5. specific geometric shape 6. Branching
7. English, mathematical symbols 8. variable, temporarily
9. table, rows 10. Design
11. Review, Proofing 12. Esc key
13. body, text 14. Data Source
15. comments 16. lines, paragraphs
17. value, cell address, functions, operators, parenthesis
18. P, *, compound 19. Adobe Flash Professional CS6
20. Action Script 3.0, Create New 21. wired, wireless
22. Networking
B. 1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. False
6. True 7. True 8. False 9. True 10. False
11. True 12. False 13. True 14. False 15. True
16. False 17. True 18. True 19. True 20. False
21. True 22. True
C. 1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c)
6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b)
16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (c)
21. (c) 22. (a)
D. 1. AND, OR, NOT, XOR
2. System software, Application software, Programming software
3. Text editors, Diagnostic tools
4. PROLOG, Mercury
5. Simple flowchart, Branched flowchart, Looping flowchart
6. CPU
7. Write ( ), read ( )
8. Math. Pi, Math. Abs (N)
9. Pen color
10. Insert tab, Illustrations group
11. Slide Show tab, Slide show group
12. Laser Pointer Color
13. Write & Insert Fields group, Mailings tab
14. Mail Merge
30
15. Watermark
16. Footnote, Endnote
17. Equal to (=)
18. #N/A, #VALUE!
19. Line tool, Pencil tool
20. Smooth
21. peer-to-peer (P2P)
22. Router
E. 1. A computer consists of five functionally independent main parts—input units, memory units,
arithmetic logic unit (ALU), output unit and control unit.
Program and Data
Input Unit Memory Unit Output Unit
Control Unit
Central Processing Unit

Arithmetic
Logic Unit
The input device accepts the instructions or data given to the computer by the user. This is
either stored in the memory or immediately used by the processor to perform the desired
operation. Finally the results are sent to the user through output devices. All these operations
are coordinated by the control unit.
• Input Units: Instructions are fed into the computer through input devices. Whenever a key
is pressed, one corresponding word or number is translated into its equivalent binary code
over a cable and fed into the memory or processor. Some common input devices include
keyboard, mouse, joystick and scanner.
• Output Units: The output unit displays the processed information to the user. Monitor,
printer, LCD Projector are output devices.
• Memory Unit: It stores program data. Memory unit consists of two types of memory—
primary memory and secondary memory.
• Central Processing Unit (CPU): It is the brain of a computer where the processing of input
data is done. The CPU consists of Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit.
2. Applications of a computer are as follows.
• Computers are used at home to play games, listen to music, store addresses and telephone
numbers, book movie tickets and many other things.
• Computers are used in schools to prepare lessons and result of students, teach different
subjects and provide information to make projects.
• Computers are used in offices to maintain employee records, communicate important
information through e-mails and many other things.
• Computers are used to create advertisements and animated films.
• Computers are used in libraries, research and space centres, hospitals, airlines, railway
reservation offices and many other places for commercial purposes.
3. 5 common types of 4GLs are listed below.
• Database Query Languages: Structured Query Language (SQL), NATURAL
31
• Report Generators: Report Builder, Oracle Reports
• Rapid Application Development Tools: PowerBuilder, Oracle Forms
• Table Driven Codeless Programming: eDeveloper
• GUI/Web Development Tools: Cold Fusion
4. System software refers to the programs designed to control the operation of a computer
system. It is a computer software which manages and controls the hardware so that
application software can perform required tasks. System software are further classified into
operating system, device drivers and language translators.
• Operating System: The most important system software is the operating system. When a
computer is switched on, the first program that is loaded in the memory is the operating
system. It act as an interface between the user and the hardware. Windows, Linux and Mac
OS are some popular operating systems.
• Device Drivers: A driver is a program that enables a computer to interact with the hardware
devices like printer and pen drive.
• Language Translators: Language translator is a program that translates a set of instruction
codes to machine level language. There are three types of translators: compiler, interpreter
and assembler.
5. High-level Languages Uses
BASIC,QBASIC, LOGO Simple languages that can be easily learned by beginners
FORTRAN Language used for writing programs for solving scientific and
mathematical problems
C, C++ Languages used for writing programs for various uses and
business applications
Visual Basic, Visual C++ Languages used for writing programs with graphical user
interfaces
Java Language used for the Internet-based applications
6. Branched Flowchart Looping Flowchart
Sometimes the flow of steps in an Sometimes few steps in an algorithm have
algorithm can branch into multiple paths to be repeated for a specific number of
based on how a particular condition works times. This is known as a loop. A loop is
out. Branching is the process of following the sequence of instructions that repeats a
one or two or more alternate paths of specified number of times until a particular
computations. condition is met.
7. Operators are the symbols used to perform various operations on variables or constants.
There are three types of operators present in Small Basic.
• Arithmetic Operators: These operators perform arithmetic operations.
• Relational Operators: These operators compare two values and return True (1) or False (0).
• Logical Operators: These operators combine two or more relational expressions and return
the result as True or False.
8. Components of MS Small Basic are as follows.
• Title Bar: It contains the name of the program on which you are working.
32
• Toolbar: It contains various commands. These commands can be operated by clicking the
buttons on the Toolbar.
• Editor: It is an area where you type your Small Basic program.
• Help Area: It displays the tips and hints while you type the code in the Editor window.
9. The way one slide follows the other on the screen is called transition.
Follow these steps to apply transition effect to a presentation.
• Select the slides to which transition effect is to be applied.
• Click on the Transitions tab.
• Select the desired option from the ‘Transition to This Slide’ group.
• You can also add sound to your slide by clicking on the drop-down arrow of the Sound
button in the ‘Timing’ group. Select the sound of your choice.
• You can specify the duration of the transition in the ‘Duration’ box of the ‘Timing’ group.
• To apply the transition to all slides, click on the Apply to All button present in the ‘Timing’
group.
• To select how to advance a slide, select On Mouse Click or After option from ‘Advance Slide’.
You can advance a slide automatically after a few seconds.
• To preview the transition of the current slide, click on the Preview button in the ‘Preview’
group of the ‘Transitions’ tab.
10. Follow these steps to edit data after inserting a chart.
• Select the chart. The ‘Design’ tab for the chart appears.
• Click on the Edit Data button in the ‘Data’ group.
• The spreadsheet containing the data opens on the screen. Edit data in the spreadsheet.
• The chart in the slide displays the changes made in the data of the spreadsheet.
11. Rehearse Timings allows to set up a presentation to play at a certain speed without having to
click on the slides. This feature saves timing for each slide and animation. The PowerPoint will
play the presentation automatically using these timings.
Follow these steps to rehearse timings.
• Click on the Rehearse Timings option from the ‘Set Up’ group of the ‘Slide Show’ tab.
• You will be taken to a full screen view of the presentation. Practise speaking and advance
the slides as required in the presentation.
• Click on the Next button on the ‘Recording’ toolbar in the upper-left corner.
• At the end of the show, a dialog box appears displaying the total time of the presentation.
Click on the Yes button if you are satisfied with the timing.
12. Set Up Show window includes many options like Show type, Show slides, Show options,
Advance slides and Multiple monitors.
• Show type: It allows to configure the presentation for one of the three basic slide show
types: Presented by a speaker (full screen), Browsed by an individual (window) or Browsed
at a kiosk (full screen).
• Show slides: To include all slides in the slide show, select All or choose From and enter
starting and ending slide numbers if you want to display just some slides in the slide show.
33
• Show options: To run the show indefinitely until you press Esc, select the Loop continuously
until ‘Esc’ check box. You can also run a show with or without narration.
• Advance slides: You can choose to change the slides manually by pressing the Enter key
or by clicking on the slide. To set the show to proceed automatically, select Using timings,
if present.
• Multiple monitors: This option is used to select the monitor from the drop-down list in the
‘Multiple monitors’ area if the computer has two monitors.
• Pen color: It selects the pen colour to be used.
• Laser pointer color: It selects the colour of the laser pointer.
13. Follow these steps to create a recipient list.
• Select the Type a new list radio button under ‘Select recipients’.
• Click on the Create option.
• A ‘New Address List’ dialog box will appear on the screen. Click on the Customize Columns
button to add or remove fields.
• Enter the data in the fields and click on the New Entry button.
• Click on the OK button.
• ‘Save Address List’ dialog box appears. Specify a name in the ‘File name’ box.
• Click on the Save button.
• The ‘Mail Merge Recipients’ dialog box appears. To change any detail, click on the Edit
button.
• Click on OK button.
• Click on the Next: Write your letter option.
14. Watermark refers to an image or text which is shown as a faded imprint behind the text in a
document. The purpose behind using a watermark is to avoid duplicacy.
Follow these steps to insert watermark.
• Click on the Design tab.
• Click on the Watermark option in the ‘Page Background’ group.
• A drop-down list appears. Select the watermark of your choice. It will be applied to the
entire document.
15. Follow these steps to insert an equation in Word 2016.
• Place the cursor in the document where you want to insert the equation.
• Select the Equation button from the ‘Symbols’ group. A drop-down menu appears.
• Select the appropriate equation structure or click on the Insert New Equation option. If
you select an equation structure, the required equation will be inserted in the document.
• To edit the equation, click on the Equation. The ‘Design’ tab appears on the ‘Ribbon’. Make
the required changes in the equation.
16. Symbols are signs or special characters that can be inserted in a document.
Follow these steps to insert symbols in Word 2016.
• Place the cursor in the document where you want to insert the symbol.
34
• From the drop-down menu, select the appropriate symbol from the ‘Symbol’ group. If your
required symbol is not shown, click on the More Symbols option.
17. Greatest Common Divisor (GCD): GCD function calculates the greatest common divisor of
two or more integers.
Follow these steps to use the GCD function in Excel.
• Enter four number in the cells ‘A1, A2, A3, A4’.
• Click on the cell A5 where GCD of all the numbers will be displayed.
• Click on the Math & Trig function on the ‘Function Library’ group of the ‘Formulas’ tab.
• Choose the GCD function from the dropdown list.
• The ‘Function Arguments’ dialog box appears. Type the cell address in the respective text
boxes.
• Click on the OK button. The result appears in cell ‘A5’. LCM function returns the least
common multiple of integers. Whereas GCD function calculates the greatest common
divisor of two or more integers.
18. The basic formula use only one type of operator.
Follow these steps to work with basic formula in Excel.
• Enter data as shown in the screenshot.
• Click on the cell B7, where the result will be displayed and type = sign.
• Click on the cell B1. A dashed border appears around it.
• The address of cell B1 appears in cell B7 and also in the ‘Formulae Bar’.
• Type + symbol.
• Repeat the steps till B6 or you can type = B1 + B2 + B3 + B4 + B5 + B6 in cell ‘B7’.
• Press the Enter key. Cell B7 displays the sum of all the values.
19. Free Transform tool is used to scale, rotate and skew any object in Flash.
Follow these steps to use the Free Transform tool.
• Draw an object on the Stage and select it.
• Click on the Free Transform tool on the ‘Tools Panel’.
• Click and drag the object to transform.
20. Different eraser modes in Flash and their uses are as follows.
• Erase Normal: It erases all the lines over which the tool is dragged.
• Erase Fill: It erases only the filled area of an object and the outlines remain unaffected.
• Erase Selected Fills: It erases the selected part of an object.
• Erase Lines: It erases the strokes without affecting the fills.
• Erase Inside: It erases only the area of filled part of an object.
21. The popular services provided by the Internet are as follows.
• World Wide Web (WWW): The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of millions of web
pages stored in millions of computers all over the world.
35
• Video Conferencing: Video conferencing is a form of communication that includes
exchange of audio and video at the same time between people sitting at geographically
separate locations.
• Chatting: Chat is a text-based communication between two or more users. A chat is a short
message that enables other participants to respond quickly. Chatting is done using chat
applications.
• Internet Calls: Using the Internet, you can make voice and video calls to anyone across the
world at much lower rates.
• E-learning: E-learning means learning with the use of technology anytime and anywhere.
• E-banking: E-banking helps the users to do bank transactions through the Internet without
going to a bank.
• E-commerce: E-commerce refers to buying and selling of various products online.
• Internet TV: Internet TV is web television and is available wherever a broadband connection
exists.
22. Benefits of a computer network are as follows.
• Connectivity: Network connects computers and the users of those computers.
• Data sharing: Networking allows easy sharing of information and resources.
• Device sharing: Networking facilitates the sharing of hardware devices. For example,
multiple users can share a single hardware device like a printer.
• Communication: The communication can be processed through instant messaging, e-mail
or video conferencing.
36
Answer to Olympiad Practice sheet
Logical Reasoning
1. (a)
2. (c)
3. (b)
4. 1365
5. (a)
Computers and IT
6. (a) 7. (c)
8. (c) 9. (c)
10. (b) 11. (a)
12. (d) 13. (b)
Achiever's Section
14. (a)
15. (b)
37

Answer Key: 1. Know About The Computer

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Answer Key: 1. Know About The Computer

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Think and Answer (page 3)

E. 1. OMR OCR MICR

Think and Answer (page 11)

3. Difference between 1GLs and 2GLs

Apply Your Knowledge

System Software Device Drivers

Application Software Programming Software

3GLs 4GLs 5GLs

Examples Examples Examples

Think and Answer (page 19)

Yes Is No Yes Is No Yes Is No

Print ‘A is the Print ‘C is the Print ‘B is the

Read A, B Input number

Stop Print the Sum

Decision Box A diamond represents steps involving a

Get bread, butter, jam,

Put two slices of

Put the two slices

Think and Answer (page 37)

Click on each cell and type your data.

e. Click on the Home tab.

Click on the Table icon on the slide.

Click on the OK button.

2. Follow these steps to change the border colour of the table.

Think and Answer (page 55)

Think and Answer (page 64)

C. Students are expected to do this activity on their own.

Think and Answer (page 72)

Think and Answer (page 82)

Think and Answer (page 97)

B. Students are expected to do this activity on their own.

Think and Answer (page 112)

A. 1. independent 2. equivalent binary code

Central Processing Unit

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