TORTS & DAMAGES

COURSE SYLLABUS
1ST SEMESTER, SY 2019 – 2020
JESS RAYMUND M. LOPEZ
3A and 3C

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Sources of obligations under Philippine law

- Civil Code
o Articles 1156 to 1162, 1170, and 2176
 Memorize: Articles 1157, 1170, and 2176

- Review: Causes of action (Rules of Court)

- Read: Report of the Code Commission, pp. 161 to 162

- Metropolitan Bank and Trust Co. v. Rosales, G.R. No.

183204, January 13, 2014

B. Quasi-delict distinguished from other sources of

obligations

- Quasi-delict v. Breach of contract

o Cases

1. Cangco v. Manila Railroad Co., 38 Phil. 768 (1918)

2. Spouses Guanio v. Makati Shangri-la Hotel and Resort, Inc., G.R.
No. 190601, February 7, 2011
3. Air France v. Carrascoso, 18 SCRA 155 (1966)
4. Orient Freight International, Inc. v. Keihin-Everett Forwarding Co.,
Inc., G.R. No. 191937, August 9, 2017
5. Fabre v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 111127, July 26, 1996
6. Light Rail Transit Authority v. Navidad, 397 SCRA 75 (2003)

See: Singson v. Bank of the Philippine Islands, G.R. No. L-24837; 23

SCRA 1117 (1968)

- Quasi-delict v. Delicts

o Revised Penal Code

 Articles 100 and 365

o Cases

1. Barredo v. Garcia, 73 Phil. 607 (1942)

2. Elcano v. Hill, G.R. No. L-24803, May 26, 1977

II. QUASI-DELICT
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A. Elements

- Cases

1. Andamo v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 74761,

November 6, 1990
2. Child Learning Center Inc. v. Tagario, G.R. No. 150920, November
25, 2005
3. Huang v. Philippine Hoteliers Inc., G.R. No. 180440, December 5,
2012
4. Indophil Textile Mills, Inc. v. Adviento, G.R. No. 171212, August 4,
2014

B. Parties; nature of liability of joint tortfeasors

- Civil Code
o Articles 40 (as amended), 41, 1207, and 2194
 Memorize Article 2194

- Cases

1. Geluz v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-16439, July 20, 1961

2. Philippine National Construction Corporation v. Court of Appeals,
G.R. No. 159270, August 22, 2005
3. Singapore Airlines Limited v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 107356,
March 31, 1995
4. Chan, Jr., v. Iglesia Ni Cristo, Inc., G.R. No. 160283, October 14,
2005
5. Spouses Pereña v. Spouses Zarate, G.R. No. 157917, August 29,
2012
6. Torres-Madrid Brokerage, Inc. v. FEB Mitsui Marine Insurance Co.,
Inc., G.R. No. 194121, July 11, 2016
7. Vda. De Maglana v. Consolacion, G.R. No. 60506, August 6, 1992
8. Cerezo v. Tuazon, G.R. No. 141538, March 23, 2004

III. NEGLIGENCE

A. Concept

- Civil Code
o Articles 2178, 1172, 1173, and 1733
 Memorize: Articles 1172 to 1174

- Cases

1. Picart v. Smith, 37 Phil. 809 (1918)

2. United States v. Bonifacio, G.R. No. L-10563, March 2, 1916
3. Cusi v. Philippine National Railways, G.R. No. L-29889, May 31,
1979
4. Wright v. Manila Electric R.R. & Light Co., G.R. No. 7760, October
1, 1914
5. Martinez v. Buskirk, G.R. No. L-5691, December 27, 1910
 3

6. Yamada v. Manila Railroad Co., G.R. No. 10073, 10074, 10075,

December 24, 1915
7. Jarco Marketing Corporation v. Court of Appeals, 321 SCRA 375
(1999)
8. Hidalgo Enterprises, Inc. v. Balandan, G.R. No. L-3422, June 13,
1952
9. Spouses Latonio v. McGeorge Food Industries, Inc., G.R. No.
206184, December 6, 2017
10. Sarmiento v. Cabrido, 401 SCRA 122 (2003)
11. Francisco v. Chemical Bulk Carriers, Incorporated, G.R. No. 193577,
September 7, 2011
12. Pacis v. Morales, G.R. No. 169467, February 25, 2010
13. Makati Shangri-La Hotel and Resort, Inc. v. Harper, G.R. No.
189998, August 29, 2012
14. Philippine National Bank v. Santos, G.R. No. 208293 & 208295,
December 10, 2014
15. Casumpang v. Cortejo, G.R. Nos. 171127, 171217 & 17122, March
11, 2015
16. Li v. Soliman, G.R. No. 165279, June 7, 2011
17. Rosit v. Davao Doctors Hospital, G.R. No. 210445, December 7,
2015
18. Adarne v. Aldaba, A.C. No. 801, June 27, 1978
19. Isaac v. A.L. Ammen Transportation Co., Inc., G.R. No. L-9671,
August 23, 1957
20. Ridjo Tape & Chemical Corp., v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 126074,
February 24, 1998

B. Negligence as proximate cause

- Cases

1. Bataclan v. Medina, 102 Phil. 181 (1957)

2. Urbano v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 157 SCRA 1 (1988)
3. Abrogar v. Cosmos Bottling Co., G.R. No. 164749, March 15, 2017
4. Calalas v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 122039, May 31, 2000

C. Proof of Negligence

- Rules of Court
o Rule 131, Sections 1, 2 and 3(d)

- Case

1. Ong v. Metropolitan Water District, 104 Phil. 397 (1958)

D. Presumption of Negligence

(i) Res ipsa loquitur

- Cases

1. Africa v. Caltex, 16 SCRA 448 (1966)

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2. DM Consunji v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 137873, April 20, 2001

3. National Power Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 124378,
March 8, 2005
4. Cebu Shipyard and Engineering Works, Inc., v. William Lines, Inc.,
306 SCRA 762 (1999)
5. Interphil Laboratories, Inc. v. OEP Philippines, Inc., G.R. No.
203697, March 20, 2019
6. Ramos v. Court of Appeals, 321 SCRA 584 (1999) and Ramos v.
Court of Appeals, 380 SCRA 467 (2002)
7. Reyes v. Sisters of Mercy Hospital, 341 SCRA 760 (2000)

(ii) Violation of rules and statutes

a. Traffic rules (Memorize Articles 2184 and 2185)

b. Republic Act No. 10586, and implementing
rules and regulations
c. Republic Act No. 10913, and implementing
rules

- Cases

1. United States v. Juanillo, 23 Phil. 212 (1912)

2. Chapman v. Underwood, G.R. No. 9010, March 28, 1914
3. Caedo v. Yu Khe Thai, 26 SCRA 410 (1968)
4. Mallari v. Court of Appeals, 324 SCRA 147 (2000)
5. Añonuevo v. Court of Appeals, 441 SCRA 24 (2004)

d. Statutes and ordinances/administrative rules

- Cases

1. Marinduque Iron Mines Agents, Inc., v. Workmen’s Compensation

Commission, 99 Phil. 480 (1956)
2. FF Cruz and Co., Inc., v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 52732, August
29, 1988
3. Cipriano v. Court of Appeals, 263 SCRA 711
4. Sanitary Steam Laundry v. Court of Appeals, 300 SCRA 20 (1998)
5. Dela Cruz v. Octaviano, G.R. No. 219649, July 26, 2017

(iii) Dangerous weapons and substances

- Civil Code
o Article 2188 (Memorize)

IV. DEFENSES

A. Plaintiff’s negligence is the proximate cause of injury

- Civil Code
o Article 2179 (Memorize)

- Cases
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1. Rakes v. The Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Company, 7 Phil. 359 (1907)
2. Taylor v. Manila Electric Railroad and Light Co., 16 Phil. 8 (1910)
3. Fernando v. Court of Appeals, 208 SCRA 714 (1992)

B. Contributory negligence

- Civil Code
o Article 2179 (Memorize)

- Cases

1. National Power Corporation v. Casionan, G.R. No. 165969,

November 27, 2008
2. Lambert v. Heirs of Rey Castillon, 452 SCRA 285 (2005)
3. Estacion v. Bernardo, G.R. No. 144723, February 27, 2006
4. Spouses Vergara v. Sonkin, G.R. No. 193659, June 15, 2015

C. Assumption of Risk

- Cases

1. Abrogar v. Cosmos Bottling Co., G.R. No. 164749, March 15, 2017
2. Afialda v. Hisole, 85 Phil. 67 (1949)
3. Ilocos Norte Electric Company v. Court of Appeals, 179 SCRA 5,
(1989)
4. Rodrigueza v. Manila Railroad Co., G.R. No. 15688, November 19,
1921

D. Last Clear Chance

- Cases

1. Picart v. Smith, 37 Phil. 809 (1918)

2. Philippine National Railways Corporation v. Vizcara, G.R. No.
190022, February 15, 2012
3. Achevara v. Ramos, G.R. No. 175172, September 29, 2009
4. Bank of America NT & SA v. Philippine Racing Club, G.R. No.
150228, July 30, 2009
5. Lapanday Agricultural and Development Corporation v. Angala, G.R.
No. 153076, June 21, 2007
6. Tiu v. Arriesgado, 437 SCRA 426 (2004)

E. Prescription

- Civil Code
o Article 1146

- Cases

1. Ferrer v. Ericta, G.R. No. L-41767, August 23, 1978

2. Kramer v. Court of Appeals, 178 SCRA 518 (1989)
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3. Santos v. Pizardo, G.R. No. 151452, July 29, 2005

4. De Guzman v. Toyota Cubao, Inc., G.R. No. 141480, November 29,
2006

F. Fortuitous Event

- Civil Code
o Article 1174 (Memorize)

- Cases

1. Nakpil & Sons v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-47851, October 3,

1986, and April 15, 1988
2. Japan Airlines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118664, August 7,
1998
3. Philippine Communications Satellite Corp. v. Globe Telecom, Inc.,
G.R. Nos. 147324 & 147334, May 25, 2004
4. Gotesco v. Chatto, 210 SCRA 18 (1992)
5. Co v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 124922, June 22, 1998
6. Servando v. Philippine Steam Navigation Co., 117 SCRA 832 (1982)
7. Edgar Cokaliong Shipping Lines v. UCPB General Insurance
Company, G.R. No. 146018, June 25, 2003

G. Waiver

- Civil Code
o Articles 6 and 1170

- Cases

1. Gatchalian v. Delim, 203 SCRA 126 (1991)

2. Sanico v. Colipano, G.R. No. 209969, September 27, 2017
3. Sabena Belgian World Airlines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
104685, March 14, 1996
4. Valenzuela Hardwood and Industrial Supply, Inc. v. Court of
Appeals, G.R. No. 102316, June 30, 1997

H. Emergency

- Cases

1. Gan v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-44264, September 19, 1988

2. Delsan Transport Lines, Inc., v. C&A Construction, Inc., G.R. No.
156034, October 1, 2003

I. Damnum absque injuria

- Cases

1. Farolan v. Solmac Marketing Corporation, G.R. No. 83589, March

13, 1991
2. Custodio v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 116100, February 9, 1996
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V. VICARIOUS LIABILITY

- Civil Code
o Articles 2180 to 2182 (Memorize)

A. Parents and Guardians

- Family Code (as amended by RA 6809)

o Articles 216 to 219, 221, 236

- Cases

1. Exconde v. Capuno, 101 Phil. 843 (1957)

2. Tamargo v. Court of Appeals, 209 SCRA 518 (1992)
3. Libi v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 214 SCRA 16 (1992)
4. Cuadra v. Monfort, G.R. No. L-24101, September 30, 1970
5. St. Mary’s Academy v. Carpitanos, G.R. No. 143363, February 6,
2002
6. US v. Baggay, Jr., G.R. No. 6659, September 1, 1911

B. Owners and Managers of Enterprises/Employers

- Cases

1. Dela Llana v. Biong, G.R. No. 182356, December 4, 2013

2. Safeguard Security Agency, Inc. v. Tangco, G.R. No. 165732,
December 14, 2006
3. Reyes v. Doctolero, G.R. No. 185597, August 2, 2017
4. Philippine Rabbit Bus Lines, Inc., v. Phil-American Forwarders, Inc.,
G.R. No. L-25142, March 25, 1975
5. Jayme v. Apostol, G.R. No. 163609, November 27, 2008
6. Filamer Christian Institute v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 75112,
October 16, 1990 and August 17, 1992
7. Universal Aquarius, Inc., v. Q.C. Human Resources Management
Corporation, G.R. No. 155990, September 12, 2007
8. Imperial v. Heirs of Spouses Bayaban, G.R. No. 197626, October 3,
2018
9. FGU Insurance Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118889,
March 23, 1998
10. Castilex Industrial Corporation v. Vasquez, 321 SCRA 393 (1999)
11. Filcar Transport Services v. Espinas, G.R. No. 174156, June 20,
2012
12. Del Carmen v. Bacoy, G.R. No. 173870, April 25, 2012
13. Caravan Travel and Tours International, Inc. v. Abejar, G.R. No.
170631, February 10, 2016
14. Greenstar Express, Inc. v. Universal Robina Corp., G.R. No.
205090, October 17, 2016
15. Ramos v. Court of Appeals, 321 SCRA 584 (1999) and 380 SCRA
467 (2002)
16. Nogales v. Capitol Medical Center, G.R. No. 142625, December 19,
2006
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17. Professional Services, Inc., v. Agana, 513 SCRA 478 (2007) and
G.R. Nos. 126297, 126467, 127590, February 11, 2008, and February 2,
2010
18. Casumpang v. Cortejo, G.R. Nos. 171127, 171217 & 17122, March
11, 2015
19. Ramos v. COL Realty Corporation, G.R. No. 184905, August 28,
2009

C. The State

- Cases

1. Merritt v. Government of the Philippine Islands, G.R. No. 11154,

March 21, 1916
2. Fontanilla v. Maliaman, G.R. No. 55963, December 1, 1989, and
February 27, 1991

D. Teachers and Heads of Establishments

- Family Code
o Articles 218 and 219

- Cases

1. Palisoc v. Brillantes, 41 SCRA 557 (1971)

2. Amadora v. Court of Appeals, 160 SCRA 315 (1988)
3. Philippine School of Business Administration v. Court of Appeals,
G.R. No. 84698, February 4, 1992
4. Ylarde v. Aquino, G.R. No. L-33722, July 29, 1988
5. Salvosa v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 70458, October
5, 1988
6. Aquinas School v. Inton, G.R. No. 184202, January 26, 2011
7. St. Joseph's College v. Miranda, G.R. No. 182353, June 29, 2010

E. Right to Reimbursement

- Case

1. Mendoza v. Spouses Gomez, G.R. No. 160110, June 18, 2014

See Cerezo v. Tuazon, G.R. No. 141538, March 23, 2004

F. Distinguished from subsidiary liability under the

Revised Penal Code

- Revised Penal Code

o Articles 102 and 103

- Cases

1. Carpio v. Doroja, 180 SCRA 1 (1989)

2. Bantoto v. Bobis, 18 SCRA 690 (1966)
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3. Baza Marketing Corp. v. Bolinao Security and Investigation Service,

Inc., G.R. No. L-32383, September 30, 1982
4. Yonaha v. Court of Appeals, 255 SCRA 397 (1996)
5. Solidum v. People, G.R. No. 192123, March 10, 2014

VI. PRIMARY LIABILITY

- Civil Code
o Articles 2183 to 2193, and 1723 (Memorize)

A. Possessors/users of animals

- Case

1. Vestil v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 179 SCRA 47 (1989)

B. Owners of Motor Vehicles

- See Section III(D)(ii)(a) above.

C. Manufacturers and Processors

- Case

1. Coca-Cola Bottlers v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 110295, October

18, 1993
2. Pascual v. Ford Motor Company Philippines, Inc., G.R. No. 220667,
January 27, 2016

D. Municipal Corporations

- Republic Act No. 7160, Section 24

- Cases

1. City of Manila v. Teotico, 22 SCRA 267 (1968)

E. Building Proprietors

- Cases

1. De Roy v. Court of Appeals, 157 SCRA 757 (1988)

F. Engineers/Architects/Contractors

- Cases

See: Nakpil & Sons v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-47851, October 3,
1986, and April 15, 1988

G. Strict liability torts

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- Liability is imposed even without fault or negligence.

VII. SPECIAL TORTS (HUMAN RELATIONS)

A. Abuse of Rights and acts contra bonus mores

- Civil Code
o Articles 19 to 21 (Memorize)

- Cases

1. St. Martin Polyclinic, Inc. v. LWV Construction Corp., G.R. No.

217426, December 4, 2017
2. Cebu Country Club, Inc., v. Elizagaque, G.R. No. 160273, January
18, 2008
3. University of the East v. Jader, G.R. No. 132344, February 17, 2000
4. Metroheights Subdivision Homeowners Association, Inc. v. CMS
Construction and Development Corp., G.R. No. 209359, October 17, 2018
5. Albenson Enterprises Corp. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 88694,
January 11, 1993
6. Martires v. Cokieng, G.R. No. 150192, February 17, 2005
7. Globe Mackay Cable and Radio Corp. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
81262, August 25, 1989
8. Marsman & Co. v. Ligo, G.R. No. 198643, August 19, 2015
9. Tan v. Valeriano, G.R. No. 185559, August 2, 2017
10. Hermosisima v. Court of Appeals, 109 Phil. 628 (1960)
11. Wassmer v. Velez, 12 SCRA 648 (1964)
12. Baksh v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 97336, February 19, 1993
13. Garciano v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 96126, August 10, 1992
14. Petrophil Corp. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 122796, December 10,
2001

B. Unjust Enrichment

- Civil Code
o Articles 22 and 23 (Memorize)

- Cases

1. Security Bank & Trust Company v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.

117009, October 11, 1995
2. Uy v. Public Estates Authority, G.R. No. 147925-26, July 7, 2010
3. Car Cool Philippines, Inc., v. Ushio Realty and Development
Corporation, G.R. No. 138088, January 23, 2006
4. Almario v. Philippine Airlines, Inc., G.R. No. 170928, September 11,
2007
5. Grandteq Industrial Steel Products, Inc., v. Margallo, G.R. No.
181393, July 28, 2009

C. Disrespect of Persons

- Civil Code
 11

o Article 26 (Memorize)

- Cases

1. Gregorio v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 179799, September 11,

2009
2. Manaloto v. Veloso, G.R. No. 171365, October 6, 2010
3. Radio Communications of the Philippines, Inc., v. Verchez, G.R. No.
164349, January 31, 2006
4. St. Louis Realty Corp. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-46061,
November 14, 1984
5. Spouses Hing v. Choachuy, Sr., G.R. No. 179736, June 26, 2013
6. Newsweek v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 142 SCRA 141 (1986)
7. MVRS Publications, Inc., v. Islamic Da’Wah Council of the
Philippines, G.R. No. 135306, January 28, 2003

D. Dereliction of Duty

- Civil Code
o Article 27 (Memorize)

- Cases

1. Tuzon v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 90107, August 21, 1992

2. Vital-Gozon v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 129132, July 8, 1998
3. Torio v. Fontanilla, G.R. No. L-29993, October 23, 1978

E. Unfair Competition

- Civil Code
o Article 28 (Memorize)

- Cases

1. Willaware Products Corp. v. Jesichris Manufacturing Corp., G.R. No.

195549, September 3, 2014
2. Calamba Medical Center, Inc., v. National Labor Relations
Commission, G.R. No. 176484, November 25, 2008
3. Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc. v. Spouses Bernardo, G.R. No.
190667, November 7, 2016

F. Violation of Civil/Political Rights

- Civil Code
o Article 32 (Memorize)

- Cases

1. MHP Garments, Inc., v. Court of Appeals, 236 SCRA 227 (1994)

2. Silahis International Hotel v. Soluta, G.R. No. 163087, February 20,
2006
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VIII. TORTIOUS INTERFERENCE WITH CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS

- Civil Code
o Article 1314 (Memorize)

- Cases

1. Gilchrist v. Cuddy, 29 Phil. 542 (1915)

2. Daywalt v. Corporacion de PP Agustinos Recoletos, 39 Phil. 587
(1919)
3. Tayag v. Lacson, 426 SCRA 282 (2004)
4. So Ping Bun v. Court of Appeals, 314 SCRA 751 (1999)
5. Lagon v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119107, March 18, 2005
6. Excellent Essentials International Corp. v. Extra Excel International
Philippines, Inc., G.R. No. 192797, April 18, 2018

IX. CIVIL LIABILITY ARISING FROM CRIMES; PROHIBITION

AGAINST DOUBLE RECOVERY

- Civil Code
o Articles 1161, 2177, 29 to 31, and 33 to 36 (Memorize)

- Revised Penal Code

o Article 100

- Rules of Court
o Rule 111

- Cases

1. Joseph v. Bautista, 170 SCRA 540 (1989)

2. Padua v. Robles, G.R. No. L-40486, August 29, 1975
3. Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Company of Manila, Inc., v. Court of
Appeals, G.R. No. 114841-42, October 20, 1995
4. Banal v. Tadeo, G.R. No. L-78911-25, December 11, 1987
5. Simon v. Chan, G.R. No. 157547, February 23, 2011
6. Cancio v. Isip, G.R. No. 133978, November 12, 2002
7. Casupanan v. Laroya, G.R. No. 145391, August 26, 2002
8. Lim v. Ping, G.R. No. 175256, August 23, 2012
9. Rodriguez v. Ponferrada, G.R. Nos. 155531-34, July 29, 2005
10. Padilla v. Court of Appeals, 129 SCRA 558 (1984)
11. Romero v. People, G.R. No. 167546, July 17, 2009
12. People v. Bayotas, G.R. No. 102007, September 2, 1994
13. People v. Lipata, G.R. No. 200302, April 20, 2016
14. Bernardo v. People, G.R. No. 182210, October 5, 2015
15. Sanchez v. Far East Bank and Trust Company, G.R. No. 155309,
November 15, 2005
16. Manliclic v. Calaunan, G.R. No. 150157, January 25, 2007
17. Domingo v. Spouses Singson, G.R. Nos. 203287 & 207936, April 5,
2017
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18. Consing v. People, G.R. No. 161075, July 15, 2013

19. Quiambao v. Osorio, G.R. No. 48157, March 16, 1988
20. San Miguel Properties, Inc. v. Perez, G.R. No. 166836, September
4, 2013

X. DAMAGES

A. In General

- Civil Code
o Articles 2195, 2197, and 2198
 Memorize: Article 2197

- Case

1. Ong v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 117103, January 21, 1999

B. Actual Damages

- Civil Code
o Articles 1956, 2199 to 2202, 2204 to 2213
o Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Circular No. 799, series of
2013
 Memorize: Articles 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2204,
2205, and 2208

- Cases

1. PNOC Shipping and Transport Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R.

No. 107518, October 8, 1998
2. Adrian Wilson International Associates, Inc., v. TMX Philippines,
Inc., G.R. No. 162608, July 26, 2010
3. Algarra v. Sandejas, 27 Phil. 284 (1914)
4. Cerrano v. Tan Chuco, G.R. No. 12907, August 1, 1918
5. Hicks v. Manila Hotel Company, G.R. No. 9973, November 6, 1914
6. De Guia v. The Manila Electric Railroad & Light Company, G.R. No.
14335, January 28, 1920
7. Daywalt v. Corporacion de PP Agustinos Recoletos, 39 Phil. 587
(1919)
8. Consolidated Dairy Products Co. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
100401, August 24, 1992
9. Continental Cement Corporation v. ASEA Brown Boveri, Inc., G.R.
No. 171660, October 17, 2011
10. Universal International Investment (BVI) Limited v. Ray Burton
Development Corporation, G.R. No. 182201, November 14, 2016
11. National Power Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-43814,
April 16, 1982
12. Araneta v. Bank of America, G.R. No. L-25414, July 30, 1971
13. Simex International (Manila), Incorporated v. Court of Appeals,
G.R. No. 88013, March 19, 1990
14. People v. Jugueta, G.R. No. 202124, April 5, 2016
15. People v. Oandasan, Jr., G.R. No. 194605, June 14, 2016
 14

16. Catuiza v. People, G.R. No. L-20455, March 31, 1965

17. Cariaga v. Laguna Tayabas Bus Company, G.R. No. L-11037,
December 29, 1960
18. Cruz v. Sun Holidays, Inc., G.R. No. 186312, June 29, 2010
19. De Caliston v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-63135, June 24, 1983
20. Metro Manila Transit Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
116617, November 16, 1998
21. Tamayo v. Señora, G.R. No. 176946, November 15, 2010
22. OMC Carriers, Inc., v. Nabua, G.R. No. 148974, July 2, 2010
23. Spouses Pereña v. Spouses Zarate, G.R. No. 157917, August 29,
2012
24. Victory Liner, Inc. v. Gammad, G.R. No. 159636, November 25,
2004
25. Mercury Drug Corp. v. Spouses Huang, G.R. No. 197654, August
30, 2017
26. Torreon v. Aparra, Jr., G.R. No. 188493, December 13, 2017
27. Asian Terminals, Inc. v. Allied Guarantee Insurance, Co., Inc., G.R.
No. 182208, October 14, 2015
28. Padilla Machine Shop v. Javilgas, G.R. No. 175960, February 19,
2008
29. Petron Corporation v. National College of Business and Arts, 516
SCRA 168 (2007)
30. Buan v. Camaganacan, 16 SCRA 321 (1966)
31. Villanueva v. Salvador, 480 SCRA 39 (2006)
32. Siga-an v. Villanueva, G.R. No. 173227, January 20, 2009
33. Nacar v. Gallery Frames, G.R. No. 189871, August 13, 2013
34. Rivera v. Spouses Chua, G.R. No. 184458, January 14, 2015
35. IBM Philippines, Inc. v. Prime Systems Plus, Inc., G.R. No. 203192,
August 15, 2016
36. Spouses Abella v. Spouses Abella, G.R. No. 195166, July 8, 2015
37. Hun Hyung Park v. Eung Won Choi, G.R. No. 220826, March 27,
2019
38. Calilung v. Paramount Insurance Corp., G.R. No. 195641, July 11,
2016
39. Justiva v. Gustilo, 7 SCRA 72 (1963)

C. Moral Damages

- Civil Code
o Articles 2216 to 2220 (Memorize)

- Cases

1. Mayo v. People, G.R. No. 91201, December 5, 1991

2. Samson v. Bank of the Philippine Islands, G.R. No. 150487, July 10,
2003
3. Villanueva v. Salvador, G.R. No. 139436, January 25, 2006
4. Mahinay v. Velasquez, G.R. No. 152753, January 13, 2004
5. Mercury Drug Corporation v. Huang, G.R. No. 172122, June 22,
2007
6. Kierulf v. Court of Appeals, 269 SCRA 433 (1997)
7. Fores v. Miranda, G.R. No. L-12163, March 4, 1959
 15

8. Sulpicio Lines, Inc., v. Curso, G.R. No. 157009, March 17, 2010
9. Darines v. Quiñones, G.R. No. 206468, August 2, 2017
10. Bagumbayan v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 132 SCRA 441
(1984)
11. Coca-Cola Bottlers Phils., Inc. v. Meñez, G.R. No. 209906,
November 22, 2017
12. United Coconut Planters Bank v. Ramos, 415 SCRA 596 (2003)
13. Filipinas Broadcasting Network, Inc., v. AGO Medical and
Educational Center, G.R. No. 141994, January 17, 2005
14. Noell Whessoe, Inc. v. Independent Testing Consultants, Inc., G.R.
No. 199851, November 7, 2018
15. City Government of Tagaytay v. Guerrero, G.R. Nos. 140743 &
140745, September 17, 2009
16. Philtranco Service Enterprises, Inc. v. Paras, G.R. No. 161909, April
25, 2012
17. Arco Pulp and Paper Co., Inc. v. Lim, G.R. No. 206806, June 25,
2014
18. Spouses Carbonell v. Metropolitan Bank and Trust Co., G.R. No.
178467, April 26, 2017

See Simex International (Manila), Incorporated v. Court of Appeals, G.R.

No. 88013, March 19, 1990.

D. Nominal Damages

- Civil Code
o Articles 2221 to 2223 (Memorize)

- Cases

1. Ventanilla v. Centeno, G.R. No. L-14333, January 28, 1961

2. Vda. De Medina v. Cresencia, G.R. No. L-8194, July 11, 1956
3. Seven Brothers Shipping Corp. v. DMC-Construction Resources,
Inc., G.R. No. 193914, November 26, 2014

See Singson v. Bank of the Philippine Islands, G.R. No. L-24837; 23 SCRA
1117 (1968).

E. Temperate Damages

- Civil Code
o Articles 2224 to 2225 (Memorize)

- Cases

1. Equitable PCI Bank v. Tan, G.R. No. 165339, August 23, 2010
2. People v. Gutierrez, G.R. No. 188602, February 4, 2010
3. Ramos v. Court of Appeals, 321 SCRA 584 (1999)

See Araneta v. Bank of America, G.R. No. L-25414, July 30, 1971.

F. Liquidated Damages
 16

- Civil Code
o Articles 2226 to 2228 (Memorize)

- Case

1. Azcuna v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 116665, March 20, 1996

2. Filinvest Land, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 138980,
September 20, 2005
3. Development Bank of the Philippines v. Family Foods Manufacturing
Co., Ltd., G.R. No. 180458, July 30, 2009
4. Philippine Economic Zone Authority v. Pilhino Sales Corp., G.R. No.
185765, September 28, 2016

G. Exemplary Damages

- Civil Code
o Articles 2229 to 2235 (Memorize)
- Cases

1. Makabali v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-46877, January 22, 1988

2. People v. Catubig, 363 SCRA 62 (2001)
3. People v. Dalisay, G.R. No. 188106, November 25, 2009
4. Kapalaran Bus Line v. Coronado, G.R. No. 85331, August 25, 1989
5. Quezon City Government v. Dacara, G.R. No. 150304, June 15,
2005

See Consolidated Dairy Products Co. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.

100401, August 24, 1992.

H. Mitigation of Damages

- Civil Code
o Articles 2203 to 2204, and 2214 to 2215 (Memorize)

- Cases

1. Velasco v. Manila Electric Co., G.R. No. L-18390, August 6, 1971

2. Lemoine v. Alkan, G.R. No. 10422, January 11, 1916
3. Lim v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125817, January 16, 2002

XI. GRADING

Recitation and Quizzes* 50%

Midterm exam 10%
Final exam** 40%
Total 100%

* Recitation will be conducted every session. Expect quizzes

covering assigned and/or previously-discussed lessons to be given every
session.
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** The Final exam will cover all topics and cases identified above.