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You will examine the basic building block of sequential logic: the flip-flop. The investigation will
conclude with a look at the 555 IC and how it is used to trigger events in a circuit.
Equipment
Circuit Design Software (CDS)
Procedure
Using the Circuit Design Software (CDS), enter the circuit shown for each gate.
Combinational Logic
1) Use a switch for the input X and a probe for the output Z.
Toggle the switch to complete the truth table shown.
X Z
0 1
1 0
From analysis of the truth table, why do you think this is called an “INVERTER” gate?
X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
From analysis of the truth table, why do you think this is called an “AND” gate?
It is only active when both inputs are on.
A:
3) Use switches for the inputs X & Y and a probe for the output Z.
Toggle the switches to complete the truth table shown.
X Y Z
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
From analysis of the truth table, why do you think this is called a “NAND” gate? (NOT AND)
The only time the circuit is inactive is when both inputs are on.
In this course we will use 2-input gates predominantly. There are gates available with more
than 2 inputs.
3-Input AND
X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
From analysis of the truth table, why do you think this is called an “OR” gate?
It is active when either input is on.
5) Use switches for the inputs X & Y and a probe for the output Z.
Toggle the switches to complete the truth table shown.
X Y Z
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
From analysis of the truth table, why do you think this is called a “NOR” gate? (NOT OR)
It is active when OR gates aren’t, and is inactive when OR gates would be active
X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
From analysis of the truth table, why do you think this is called an “XOR” gate?
(EXCLUSIVE OR)
It is only active when either gate is active, and won’t activate when both gates are on.
Sequential Logic
In the previous combinational logic circuits, YOU made all the outputs change based on the
inputs YOU entered with switches. What if you wanted the changes to happen without YOU
needing to flip a switch? There are two ICs that allow us to do this.
1. Using the Circuit Design Software (CDS), enter the 74LS74N test circuit shown below.
Use a switch for the input T and probes for the outputs Que and NOT_Que.
The 74LS74N has two inputs. (Data in and a clock signal CLK). In this circuit, the
clock signal input will be a switch T that you flip. The Data in is tied to the NOT_Q.
The 74LS74 also has preset and clear inputs. In this circuit the PR (preset) and CLR
(clear) are connected to 5v (high), which makes them both inactive. These PR and
CLR inputs on the 74LS74 said to be “active low” inputs. (It takes a low signal to
activate them)
b) Starting with the switch on GROUND, what happens to output Que when the switch is
moved from GROUND to 5v? One toggle of the switch.
c) What happens to output Que when the switch is moved from 5v to GROUND? One
toggle of the switch.
d) Toggle the switch one more time. What happened to output Que? What does this tell
you about when Que changes (toggles) in relation to when the input at the CLK
Changes. (Helpful hint: It might help to cycle though a number of changes to spot this
relationship of when Que changes.)
g) The 74LS74N is called a “flip-flop” Based on your observations can you explain the
relationship between the D Data in, Que, NOT_Q, and the CLK signal? What does a
flip-flop do?