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Introduction and Its Background :

An eggshell is a thin and hard outer layer of an egg. This is very fragile and can break easily, like chalk. According to the
research, the components of an eggshell are almost entirely made of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) crystals.

I:ABSTRACT The researcher conduct this study due to economics crisis nowadays. It's aim to create a product of
chalkwhich is cheaper and could give the same quality which the commercial one could give through eggshells. This
steps was made by the researcher to make a chalk out of eggshells;First she clean the empty eggshell of the chicken
through washing,then when the eggshells is already dry, she pound the clean eggshells very well until it will become
a powder,then she get the residue and she separate it from the eggshell that is already in powder then she pour a
liitle amount of water into the powdered eggshell and put it on the paper to form a stick chalk and she let it dry.

-Statement of the problem- a) Can eggshells be an alternative source in making a chalk? -Hypothesis -a) Eggshells
can't be an alternative source in making a chalk. -b) Eggshells can be an alternative source in making a chalk.

-Significance of the Study -This study can give benefits to the people specially to the poor once, to have a good
business and also to save a money for their other needs. Specially in schools, it will give a benefit to the teachers. -
Scope and Limitations- This study is only limited for the investigation of Eggshsells(Gallus Domesticus) used as
alternative source for chalk making. The researcher chose this study for further investigation if the eggshells can be
an effective source for chalk.

-Definition of terms- a)Chicken Eggshells - The cell of a chicken egg is made up or about 94% calcium carbonate,1%
magnesium carbonate,1% calcium phosphate, and about 4% calcium organic matter,mainly protein. b) Chalk- a
substance use for writing in the green board.

-Materials - Eggshells,Flour Paper,Hardwood Container Water Clean rock

Review and Related Literature The chicken eggshell matrix is a complex mixture of proteins and proteoglycans. It
also contains phosphoproteins that are thought to affect mineralization of the matrix. Several of the matrix
phosphoproteins, such as the major component osteopontin, have already been identified as phosphoproteins in
other tissues, but the phosphorylation status of the eggshell matrix forms was unknown. The phosphopeptides,
obtained after cleavage of the matrix proteins with several different cleavage methods, were enriched by anion-
exchange chromatography and reversible binding to titanium oxide and identified by LC-MSn or pseudo-MSn analysis
following neutral loss scanning. Altogether we identified 39 phosphorylated matrix proteins, 22 of which were not
known to be phosphorylated before. Eight of the proteins were identified as eggshell matrix components for the first
time. Together these proteins contained more than 150 different phosphorylation sites, 103 of which were determined
with high confidence. Among the major phosphorylated proteins of the chicken eggshell matrix were osteopontin and
the eggshell-specific proteins ovocleidin-17, ovocleidin-116, and ovocalyxin-32.

Review and Related Literature The chicken eggshell matrix is a complex mixture of proteins and proteoglycans. It also contains
phosphoproteins that are thought to affect mineralization of the matrix. Several of the matrix phosphoproteins, such as the major
component osteopontin, have already been identified as phosphoproteins in other tissues, but the phosphorylation status of the
eggshell matrix forms was unknown. The phosphopeptides, obtained after cleavage of the matrix proteins with several different
cleavage methods, were enriched by anion-exchange chromatography and reversible binding to titanium oxide and identified by
LC-MSn or pseudo-MSn analysis following neutral loss scanning. Altogether we identified 39 phosphorylated matrix proteins,
22 of which were not known to be phosphorylated before. Eight of the proteins were identified as eggshell matrix components for
the first time. Together these proteins contained more than 150 different phosphorylation sites, 103 of which were determined
with high confidence. Among the major phosphorylated proteins of the chicken eggshell matrix were osteopontin and the
eggshell-specific proteins ovocleidin-17, ovocleidin-116, and ovocalyxin-32.

Methodology -First,clean the empty eggshell of the chicken through washing. -Pound the clean eggshell very well until it will
become as powder. -Get the residue and separate it from the eggshell which is already pound. -Pour a little amount of water into
the powdered eggshell. -Put the powdered eggshell that is already mixed with water into a paper to form a stick chalk. -Let it dry
for about 2-3 days.

Result and Discussion As the researcher conduct this study, the researcher found out the following: SUBJECT # Eggshell Chalk
Commercial 1. clear more clear 2. more clear clear 3. clear more clear Based on the ff. data, the researcher made a better study
related to this project and found out that eggshell chalk could give also almost the same quality which the commerial one could
give.

While chalk is usually made from calcium sulfate or mined calcium carbonate, the newly developed chalk is made from
eggshells, composed naturally of calcium carbonate. This makes the product harmless to the human body, and its powder can be
used directly as a soil conditioner for school vegetable and flower gardens .bibliography

Procedure: Once the eggshells are completely dry, place the eggshells in a mortar and pestle (or you could even use a rock on
concrete for this part). Grind the eggshells until you have a fine, fine powder. ... Place your eggshell powder into a bowl and add
2 teaspoons of flour and enough hot water to make a stiff paste.

Recommendation
The researcher also recommend to try other materials such as lime stone and cassava starch with water that can be used or
utilized to perform this kind of research study.

CHALK MADE OF EGGSHELLS

Researcher: KENT KYLE T.PALINGCOD


Kirk Christoffe Adaya
Grade V-Science Class

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