Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Functions of piles:
The major uses of piles are:
1. To carry vertical compression load, eg. bearing piles,
friction pile. (FIG. 1)
2. To resist uplift pressure, eg. tension piles or uplift piles or
anchor piles. (FIG. 2)
3. To resist horizontal or inclined loads, eg. Batter piles.
(FIG. 3)
Setting up piles
Depending up on the setting up principle, piles can be of two
types, eg. Displacement type and Replacement type, each has its
own advantages and disadvantages. For displacement piling
method, piles are driven into the ground pushing the soil out of its
way. Displacement piling is good for contaminated sites where it
costs a lot to move the soil out.
Using the replacement piling method, muck is dug out and
replaced with the pile. Much bigger piles can be casted by
replacement method.
Direct Mud Circulation (DMC) piling method or simply DMC
Piling method is an example of replacement piling method. This
method is the principle subject of interest in this report.
Little disturbance
Limited access
High production
High production
Restricted access
4. Apparatus used
I. DMC rig
Main shear leg: it is the longer leg than the other two that
carries the load.
The length can be adjusted. With the help of 20mm dia pins
The side shear legs: there are two side shear legs, 6.3m long
and they mainly support the tripod system.
The side legs must be placed at least 1.5m away from the centre
of the piles.
BASE CHANNEL
These are standard I section, 2cm thick and there are grooving
in it that holds the shear legs onto the ground with the help of
base cannel pin.
PLUNGE
Inside Diameter = 50mm
SUSPENSION PLATE – this is called into action if somehow the
chisel is stuck in the borehole. Pulleys are attached here and
the chisel is pulled out.
Suspension Plate
Number of cylinder 4 3
Diesel consumption 2.1 lit/hr 1.75 lit/hr
Mobil consumption 0.5 lit per 7 days 0.5 lit per 7 days
(fresh engine)
Mobil consumption 0.5 lit per 12 hours 0.5 lit per 12 hours
(older engine)
Number of cylinder 2
Diesel consumption 1.25 lit/hr
Mobil consumption 250ml per 12 hours
DMC piling Rig set-up and initiation of boring using the Bailer
After the point for boring operation is set out by the surveyor
the tripod is paced such that each side legs are at least 1.5m
away from the point, keeping the centre of borehole exactly in
the centre.
The bailer is then attached with the rope and the boring
operation is initiated.
After bailer reaches its full length into the soil, the guide casing
is inserted into the hole for farther operations.
Insertion of the guide casing
DMC rods are added one after another as the depth increases.
The DMC head are attached on top of the DMC rods which has
the plunge which receives the water from delivery hose.
The whole system is pulled up by the rope and the D-Shackle
with the help of the winch system and then left to fall free, so
that the chisel at the bottom cuts the soil and the boring
progresses.
The loose soil produced by boring, mixes with water and comes
up and is stored in the wash vat, where the soil gets
precipitated and the water is again usable.
The tremie pipes are inserted one by one using the Tremie fork
and then the bore hole is washed with the Bentonite water and
the Muck is completely removed and the hole is filled with
bentonite slurry.
The Transit mixer arrives and the Hopper is attached on top of
the tremie pipe.
The TM puts concrete mix into the hopper and the valve opens.
The bore hole is gradually filled with concrete which is
compacted by gradual vibration of tremie pipes. This filling of
concrete from the bottom is done to avoid segregation of the
concrete mix.
As the concrete fills the hole from bottom, Bentonite slurry
escapes the hole. The tremie pipes are detached one by one
and thus the hole gets filled completely.
After the hole is fully filled, the concrete is left 28 days to gain
full strength. After 28 days the guide casing is removed and the
pile is ready.
Concreting
6. Conclusion
DMC piling is the most common piling methods used in India. For
moderate sized piles, that is 450mm to 1000mm diameter and 25m
to 30m depth piles; it is also most convenient and economic way of
piling. Larger piles that are of diameter up to 1500mm can also be
founded by this method, but those are not that convenient. Other
process like Reduced Mud Circulation (RMC) is also in use.