3.
1 TOOLS
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Foreword
This Service Manual is designed to familiarize the
user with the machine and its designated use.
The documentation relating to the machine is listed
according to scope, quantity and language in the
shipping note of the machine or in the covering
letter if supplied separately. The Operation and
Maintenance Manual and spare-parts list are
marked with the serial number of the machine.
On taking receipt of the consignment, please
check that the documentation is complete and in
the correct language.
The Operation and Maintenance Manual contains
important information on how to operate the ma-
chine safely, properly and with maximum efficien-
cy. Observing these instructions helps to prevent
hazardous situations, to reduce repair costs and
downtimes and to increase the reliability and ser-
vice life of the machine.
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The Operation and Maintenance Manual must be
supplemented by the respective national rules and
regulations for accident prevention and environ-
mental protection.
The Operation and Maintenance Manual must
always be available in the operator's cab of the
machine.
The Operation and Maintenance Manual must be
read and put into practice by any person in charge
of carrying out work with or on the machine, such
as
- operation, including setting-up, troubleshooting
in the course of work, care, evacuation of produc-
tion waste and disposal of fuels and consuma-
bles.
- maintenance (inspection, servicing, repair)
- transport.
In addition to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual and the mandatory rules and regulations
for accident prevention and environmental protec-
tion in the user's country and at the place where
the machine is to be used, the generally recog-
nized technical rules for safe and proper working
must be observed.
Page 3.1 - 1
3.1 TOOLS
3.1.2 Safety
Warnings and symbols
The following signs are used in the manual to des-
ignate instructions of particular importance:
Precautionary rules and measures
designed to protect the machine
operator and other persons from
life-threatening danger or injuries
and to prevent extensive damage.
Information and precautionary
measures designed to prevent
damage to the machine or other
property.
DESIGNATED USE
The machine has been built in accordance with
state-of-art standards and the recognized safety
rules. Nevertheless, its use may constitute a risk to
life and limb for the user or third parties or cause
damage to the machine and to other Material
property.
The machine must be used only in technically per-
fect condition in accordance with its designated
use and the instructions set out in the Operation
and Maintenance Manual, and only by safety-
conscious persons who are fully aware of the risks
involved in operating the machine. Any functional
disorders, especially those affecting the safety of
the machine, should therefore be rectified immedi-
ately.
The excavator with backhoe or loading bucket
attachment is designed solely for excavating and
loading:
- excavated soils,
- sand,
- gravel,
- blasted rock,
- ore,
- coal,
and other raw materials.
Page 3.1 - 2
Fitted with other attachments, the excavator can
also be used as a special-purpose machine, e.g.
with a grab. Further detailed information can be
found in the Technical Specifications.
Operating the machine within the limits of the des-
ignated use also involves observing the instruc-
tions set out in the Operation and Maintenance
Manual and complying with the inspection and
maintenance directives.
Using the excavator or its attach-
ments for purposes other than or
extending beyond those stated
above, e.g.:
 for lifting or transporting persons
 as a working platform
 for lifting crane loads without the
equipment being approved for
this purpose
 or driving in posts, supports,
sheet-piles etc. without the
equipment being approved for
this purpose
is considered contrary to the des-
ignated use.
Improper use may involve a life-
threatening risk for operators or
other personnel or may cause inju-
ry or extensive damage.
The manufacturer/supplier cannot be held liable for
any damage resulting from other than the desig-
nated use. The risk involved in such misuse lies
with the user.
Noise emission specifications are outlined in the
Operation and Maintenance Manual.
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3.1 TOOLS

Organisational measures operation, stop the machine immediately and re-

The Operation and Maintenance Manual must
always be at hand at the place of use of the ma-
chine, e.g. by stowing them in the place provided
for such purpose.
In addition to the operating instructions, observe
and instruct the user In all other generally applica-
ble legal and other mandatory regulations relevant
to accident prevention and environmental protec-
tion.
These compulsory regulations may also deal with
the handling of hazardous substances, issuing
and/or wearing of personal protective equipment or
traffic regulations.
The Operation and Maintenance Manual must be
supplemented by instructions covering the duties
involved in supervising and notifying special organ-
isational features, such as job organisation, work-
ing sequences or the personnel entrusted with the
work.
Personnel entrusted with work on the machine
must have read the Operation and Maintenance
Manual and in particular the chapter on safety
before beginning work. Reading the instructions
after work has begun is too late. This applies es-
pecially to persons working only occasionally on
the machine, e.g. during setting up or mainte-
nance.
Check - at least from time to time - whether the
personnel is carrying out the work in compliance
with the Operation and Maintenance Manual and
paying attention to risks and safety factors.
port the malfunction to the competent authori-
ty/person.
Never make any modifications,
additions or conversions which
might affect safety without the
supplier's approval. This also ap-
plies to the installation and ad-
justment of safety devices and
valves as well as to welding work
on load-bearing elements.
Spare parts must comply with the technical re-
quirements specified by the manufacturer. Spare
parts from original equipment manufacturers can
be relied on to do so.
Replace hydraulic hoses within stipulated and
appropriate intervals, even if no safety-relevant
defects have been detected.
Adhere to prescribed intervals or those specified in
the Operation and Maintenance Manual for routine
checks and inspections.
For the execution of maintenance work, tools and
workshop equipment adapted to the task on hand
are absolutely indispensable.
The personnel must be familiar with the location
and operation of fire extinguishers.
Observe all fire-warning and fire-fighting proce-
dures.

For reasons of security, long hair must be tied

back or otherwise secured, garments must be
close-fitting and no jewellery, such as rings, may
be worn. Injury may result from being caught up in
the machinery or from rings catching on moving
parts.

Use protective equipment wherever required by

the circumstances or by law.

Observe all safety instructions and warnings at-

tached to the machine.

See to it that safety instructions and warnings at-

tached to the machine are always complete and
perfectly legible.

In the event of safety-relevant modifications or

changes in the behaviour of the machine during

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3.1 TOOLS
Selection and qualification of person-
nel - basic responsibilities
Any work on and with the machine must be exe-
cuted by reliable personnel only. Statutory mini-
mum age limits must be observed.
Employ only trained or instructed staff and set out
clearly the individual responsibilities of the person-
nel for operation, set-up, maintenance and repair.
Make sure that only authorized personnel works
on or with the machine.
Define the machine operator's responsibilities giv-
ing the operator the authority to refuse instructions
by third parties that are contrary to safety.
Do not allow persons to be trained or instructed or
persons taking part in a general training course to
work on or with the machine without being perma-
nently supervised by an experienced person.
Work on the electrical system and equipment of
the machine must be carried out only by a skilled
electrician or by instructed persons under the su-
pervision and guidance of a skilled electrician and
in accordance with electrical engineering rules and
regulations.
Work on chassis and brake systems must be per-
formed by skilled personnel only, which has been
specially trained for such work.
Work on hydraulic systems must be carried out
only by personnel with special knowledge and
experience of hydraulic equipment.
Page 3.1 - 4
Safety instructions governing specific
operational phases
Standard operation
Avoid any operational mode that might be prejudi-
cial to safety.
Before beginning work, familiarize yourself with the
surroundings and circumstances of the site, such
as obstacles in the working area and the bearing
capacity of the soil.
Take the necessary precautions to ensure that the
machine is in a safe and reliable state.
Operate the machine only if all protective and safe-
ty-oriented devices, such as removable safety
devices, emergency shut-off equipment, sound-
proofing elements and exhausts, are in place and
fully functional.
Check the machine at least once per working shift
for obvious damage and defects. Report any
changes (incl. changes in the machine's working
behaviour) to the competent organisation/person
immediately. If necessary, stop the machine im-
mediately and lock it.
In the event of malfunction, stop the machine im-
mediately and lock it. Have any defects rectified
immediately.
Start the machine from the driver's seat only.
During start-up and shut-down procedures always
watch the indicators in accordance with the Opera-
tion and Maintenance Manual.
Before setting the machine in motion, make sure
that nobody is at risk.
Before starting work or travelling with the machine,
check that braking, signalling and lighting systems
are fully functional.
Before setting the machine in motion always check
that the accessories have been safely stowed
away.
In conditions of poor visibility and after dark always
switch on the lighting system.
When crossing underpasses and bridges or when
passing under overhead fines always make sure
that there is sufficient clearance.
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3.1 TOOLS
Always keep a distance from the working face and
from slopes.
Avoid any operation that might be a risk to ma-
chine stability.
Never travel across slopes; always keep the work-
ing equipment and the load close to the ground,
especially when travelling downhill.
On sloping terrain always adapt your travelling
speed to the prevailing ground conditions.
Before leaving the driver's seat always secure the
machine against inadvertent movement and unau-
thorized use. Shut off the engine.
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Special work in conjunction with utili-
sation of the machine - maintenance
and repairs during operation - disposal
of parts and consumables
Observe the adjusting, maintenance and inspec-
tion activities and intervals set out in the Operation
and Maintenance Manual, including information on
the replacement of parts and equipment. These
activities may be executed by skilled personnel
only.
Brief operating personnel before beginning special
Operation and maintenance work, and appoint a
person to supervise the activities.
In any work concerning the operation, conversion
or adjustment of the machine and its safety-
oriented devices or any work related to mainte-
nance, inspection and repair, always observe the
start-up and shut-down procedures set out in the
Operation and Maintenance Manual and the infor-
mation on maintenance work.
Ensure that the maintenance area is adequately
secured.
If the machine is completely shut down for mainte-
nance and repair work, it must be secured against
inadvertent starting by:
- removing the ignition key and
- attaching a warning sign.
Carry out maintenance and repair work only if the
machine is positioned on stable and level ground
and has been secured against inadvertent move-
ments.
To avoid the risk of accidents, individual parts and
large assemblies being moved for replacement
purposes should be carefully attached to lifting
tackle and secured. Use only suitable and techni-
cally perfect lifting gear and suspension systems
with adequate lifting capacity. Never work or stand
under suspended loads.
The fastening of loads and the instructing of crane
operators should be entrusted to experienced per-
sons only. The marshaller giving the instructions
must be within sight or sound of the operator.
For carrying out overhead assembly work always
use specially designed or otherwise safety-
oriented ladders and working platforms. Never use
machine parts as a climbing aid.
Page 3.1 - 5
3.1 TOOLS
Wear a safety harness when carrying out mainte-
nance work at greater heights.
Keep all handles, steps, handrails, platforms, land-
ings and ladders free from dirt, snow and ice.
Clean the machine, especially connections and
threaded unions, of any traces of oil, fuel or pre-
servatives before carrying out maintenance/repair.
Never use aggressive detergents. Use lint-free
cleaning rags.
Before cleaning the machine with water, steam jet
(high-pressure cleaning) or detergents, cover or
tape up all openings which - for safety and func-
tional reasons - must be protected against water,
steam or detergent penetration. Special care must
be taken with electric motors and switch-gear cab-
inets.
Ensure during cleaning of the machine that the
temperature sensors of the fire-warning and fire-
fighting systems do not come into contact with hot
cleaning agents as this might activate the fire-
fighting system.
After cleaning remove all covers and tapes applied
for that purpose.
After cleaning, examine all fuel, lubricant, brake
and hydraulic fluid lines for leaks, loose connec-
tions, chafe marks and damage. Any defect found
must be rectified without delay.
Always tighten any screwed connections that have
been loosened during maintenance and repair.
Any safety devices removed for set-up, mainte-
nance or repair purposes must be refitted and
checked immediately upon completion of mainte-
nance and repair work.
Ensure that all consumables and replaced parts
are disposed of safely and with minimum environ-
mental impact.
Page 3.1 - 6
Warning of special dangers
Electric energy
Use only original fuses with the
specified current rating. Switch off
the machine immediately if trouble
occurs in the electrical system.
When working with the machine,
maintain a safe distance from
overhead electric lines. If work is
to be carried out close to overhead
lines, the working equipment must
be kept well away from them.
Caution, danger!
Check out the prescribed safety
distances.
If your machine comes into contact
with a live wire
do not leave the machine
drive the machine out of the hazard
zone.
warn others against approaching
and touching the machine
have the live wire de-energized
do not leave the machine until the
damaged or contacted line has
been safely de-energized.
The electrical equipment of ma-
chines is to be inspected and
checked at regular intervals. De-
fects such as loose connections or
scorched cables must be rectified
immediately.
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3.1 TOOLS

Gas, dust, steam and smoke Noise

Operate internal combustion en- During operation, all sounds baf-
gines and fuel-operated heating fles of the machine must be
systems only on adequately venti- closed.
lated premises. Before starting the
Always wear the prescribed ear
machine on enclosed premises,
protectors.
make sure that there is sufficient
ventilation.
Observe the regulations in force at
the respective site.
Carry out welding, flame-cutting
Oil, grease and other chemi-
and grinding work on the machine cal substances
only if this has been expressly When handling oil, grease or other
authorized, as there may be a risk chemical substances, observe the
of explosion and fire. product-related safety regulations.
Before carrying out welding, flame- Be careful when handling hot con-
cutting and grinding Operation, sumables (risk of burning or scald-
clean the machine and its sur- ing).
roundings from dust and other
inflammable substances and make
sure that the premises are ade-
quately ventilated (risk of explo-
sion). Transporting and recommis-
sioning
The machine must be loaded and
transported only in accordance
Hydraulic equipment with the Operation and Mainte-
nance Manual.
Check all lines, hoses and screwed
connections regularly for leaks and Use only appropriate means of
obvious damage. Repair damage transport and lifting gear of ade-
immediately. Splashed oil may quate capacity.
cause injury and fire.
The recommissioning procedure
Depressurize all system sections must be strictly in accordance with
and pressure pipes (hydraulic sys- the Operation and Maintenance
tem) to be removed in accordance Manual.
with the specific instructions for
the unit concerned before carrying
out any repair work.
Hydraulic lines must be laid and
fitted properly. Ensure that no
connections are interchanged. The
fittings, length and quality of the
hoses must comply with the tech-
nical requirements.

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3.1 TOOLS
3.1.3 General
This Service Manual contains information in addi-
tion to the Operation and Maintenance Manual
and the Spare Parts List, to familiarize the per-
sonnel with the designated use, maintenance and
repair of the CAT excavator.
The information in the SERVICE MANUAL corre-
sponds to the standard technical specification of
the machine when it was delivered.
All sketches and drawings show principles. They
do not necessarily represent the actual design of
the machine and are not to be used for manufac-
turing.
Special equipment is normally not considered.
Page 3.1 - 8
The Service Manual is not subject to technical
updates after delivery.
Technical modifications, which are introduced after
delivery of the machine may possibly also be in-
corporated in machines which are already in oper-
ation.
In this case there will normally be no automatic
update of already supplied Service Manuals.
All Caterpillar Global Mining HMS manuals are
issued in German and then translated. Even a
good translation may give rise to questions which
Caterpillar Global Mining HMS GmbH will be
pleased to answer. Please contact Your local CAT
dealer or Your Caterpillar subsidiary.
The production of the SERVICE MANUAL was
done in great thoroughness.
If still clarification is required or errors are found
please contact Your local CAT dealer or Your
Caterpillar subsidiary.
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3.1 TOOLS

Application of Gleitmo 815

3.1.4 Corrosion protection for pins
and bearings Clean off grease, oil, dirt and corrosion protection
agents from pins and bearings using white spirit or
diesel fuel.
Corrosion protection for pins and bearings (bush-
ing and hubs)
Rust patches must be thoroughly removed, if any.

Use Gleitmo 815 anti-corrosive All parts must present a dry, bright metal surface.
agent only.
Apply a thin layer of Gleitmo 815 on pins and all
Other agents are not approved by
bearings using a brush or a spray can. Pin shafts
Caterpillar Global Mining HMS
and bearings must be completely covered by the
GmbH. protective layer.

If the protective layer of a pin already treated with

All pins and bearings (bushings and hubs) of the Gleitmo 815 is damaged, these areas must be
working equipment or in equipment components touched up before fitting the part.
must be treated with Gleitmo 815 anticorrosive
agent before fitting. Fitting and securing of pins

If the pin is too heavy to be fitted manually, apply

Gleitmo 815:
 permits easy fitting and dismantling
 protects against rust, oxidation and similar
wear
 prevents seizing and fretting corrosion in
non-moving parts of bearings.
Gleitmo 815 at first only at. a quarter of the pin’s
length
Then position pin by means of a lifting gear ready
for fitting.
Apply Gleitmo 815 on the remaining length of pin
shaft, fit pin and secure.

This is achieved by aluminium and copper particles

forming a protective layer on the metal. This layer
removes surface irregularities and does not sweat,
seize or harden.

Part Nos. for Gleitmo 815:

2 764 305

Available from the Caterpillar Global Mining HMS

Spare-Parts Service

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