E-BOOK

ON
MINING SECTOR
 CONTENTS

Nos. Details Pages

1.0 Introduction 01-01
2.0 Structure of Minerals and Mining Sector 02-03
3.0 Role of Mining Sector in Indian Economy 03-06
4.0 Legislative Framework for Mining Sector 06-12
5.0 Initiatives/New Development for Mining Sector 12-17
6.0 Mineral Administration 17-18
7.0 Mineral Regulation 18-19
8.0 Taxation and Royalties 19-21
9.0 Present Status of Exploration with Mineral Assets 21-30
10.0 Distribution of Mining Leases in the Country 30-32
11.0 Mineral Production 32-36
12.0 Consumption of Minerals and Mineral Based Industries 36-39
13.0 Foreign Trades 39-41

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 ANNEXURES
Nos. Details Pages
I Production of Selected Minerals, 2010-11 to 2014-15 (E) 42
II Mineral wise no. of Reporting Mines for MCDR Minerals, 2009-10 to 44
2013-14 (P)
III (A) State wise Average Daily Employment, 2011-12 to 2013-14 (P) 46
III (B) Mineral wise Average Daily Employment, 2011-12 to 2013-14 (P) 47
IV (A) Contribution and Rank of India in World Production of Principal Minerals 49
& Metals, 2013
IV (B) Degree of Self Sufficiency in Principal Minerals & Metals, 2013-14 (P) 50
V Mineral wise reserves/resources as on 1.4.2010/*2013 51
VI (A) State wise Summary of Mining Lease distribution as on 31.3.2014 55
VI (B) Mineral wise Summary of Mining Lease distribution as on 31.3.2014 56
VII Mineral wise production & Value, 2009-10 to 2013-14 (P) 58
VIII Consumption of Important Minerals, 2011-12 to 2013-14 (P) 59
IX (A) Exports of Ores & Minerals, 2010-11 to 2014-15 (P) 60
IX (B) Exports of Metals & Alloys, 2010-11 to 2014-15 (P) 62
X (A) Imports of Ores & Minerals, 2010-11 to 2014-15 (P) 63
X (B) Imports of Metals & Alloys, 2010-11 to 2014-15 (P) 66

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

It is a well known ecological fact that the best known forests, river and ocean basins, and fertile
landscapes are also rich below ground with natural resources such as fossil oils and minerals. Mining of
underground natural resources do require giving up the rights and usufruct benefits of surface based
natural resources. Added to this is the fact that the history of the world has seen a continual modification
and mortification of the landscape of the earth both above and underground for anthropocentric purposes;
and most of such land conversions are irreversible.

India has a total geographical area of about 328 million hectares. Of this, the mining lease (except
than fuel, atomic and minor minerals) area as on 31.3.2014, constitutes around 0.14 percent. The Indian
sub-soils are rich in onshore and off shore crude oils and gas, coal, iron ore, copper, bauxite, etc. Of all
variety of land use categories, the common lands consisting of forest lands, pasture lands, and current
fallow and cultural waste lands dominate.

Minerals are valuable natural resources that are finite and non-renewable. They constitute the
vital raw materials for many basic industries and are a major resource for development. The history of
mineral extraction in India dates back to the days of the Harappan civilization. The wide availability of
minerals in the form of abundant rich reserves and the eco-geological conditions make it very conducive
for the growth and development of the mining sector in India. As a major resource for development the
extraction and management of minerals has to be integrated into the overall strategy of the country‟s
economic development. The exploitation of minerals has to be guided by long-term national goals and
perspectives. Thus, minerals play a key role in the evolution of human society and the development of
leading economics.

Mining sector, being one of the core sector of economy, provides basic raw materials to many
important industries like power generation (thermal), iron and steel, cement, petroleum and natural gas,
petro-chemicals, fertilisers, precious & semi-precious metals/stones, electrical & electronics equipment,
glass and ceramics etc. India produces as many as 88 minerals which includes 4 fuels minerals, 3 atomic
minerals, 26 metallic & non-metallic minerals and 55 minor minerals (including building and other
materials). There will be huge demand for minerals in view of the rapid urbanization and growth in the
manufacturing sector in India. India occupies a dominant position in the production of many minerals
across the globe.

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2.0 STRUCTURE OF MINERALS AND MINING SECTOR

The Ministry of Mines (MoM), Government of India is responsible for the entire minerals and
mining sector in the country that includes legislation, administration, policy formulation etc. in respect of
all mines and minerals other than coal and lignite, natural gas and petroleum, but including offshore
minerals. In the case of atomic minerals and coal activities of the Ministry are limited to regional
exploration. In India, the minerals are classified as minor minerals and major minerals. The power to
frame policy and legislation relating to minor minerals is entirely delegated to the State Governments
while policy and legislation relating to the major minerals is dealt by the MoM. The Ministry is
responsible for the administration of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957
and rules made there under in respect of all mines and minerals other than coal, natural gas and
petroleum. MoM through its attached office, Geological Survey of India (GSI), facilitates exploration,
geological mapping and mineral resource assessment in the country. Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM), a
subordinate office of the MoM is mainly responsible for regulation of mining in the country. The Ministry
also administers the Offshore Areas Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act, 2002 and rules made
there under. Mineral concessions in India are granted to Indian nationals or entities incorporated in India
only.

2.1 Subjects allocated to Ministry of Mines

(a) Legislation for regulation of mines and development of minerals within the territory of India,
including mines and minerals underlying the ocean within the territorial waters or the continental shelf, or
the exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones of India as may be specified, from time to time by
or under any law made by Parliament.

(b) Regulation of mines and development of minerals other than coal, lignite and sand for stowing and
any other mineral declared as prescribed substances for the purpose of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 (33
of 1962) under the control of the Union as declared by law, including questions concerning regulation and
development of minerals in various States and the matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

(c) All other metals and minerals not specifically allotted to any other Ministry / Department, such as
aluminium, zinc, copper, gold, diamonds, lead and nickel.

(d) Planning, development and control of, and assistance to, all industries dealt with by the Ministry.

(e) Administration and management of Geological Survey of India.

(f) Administration and management of Indian Bureau of Mines.

(g) Metallurgical Grade silicon

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2.2 Attached Office / Subordinate Office:

 Geological Survey of India (Headquarters at Kolkata) is an attached office and

 Indian Bureau of Mines (Headquarters at Nagpur) is a subordinate office of the Ministry.

2.3 Public Sector Undertakings:

There are three Public Sector Undertakings under the Ministry of Mines, namely:-

 National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO), Bhubaneswar

 Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL), Kolkata

 Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited (MECL), Nagpur

2.4 Autonomous Bodies

There are three Research Institutions which are Autonomous Bodies of this Ministry:

 Jawaharlal Nehru Aluminium Research Development and Design Centre (JNARDDC), Nagpur;

 National Institute of Rock Mechanics (NIRM), Kolar Gold Fields, Karnataka, and

 National Institute of Miners‟ Health (NIMH), Nagpur.

3.0 ROLE OF MINING SECTOR IN INDIAN ECONOMY

Mining is one of the core sectors that drive growth in an economy. Not only does it contribute to
GDP, it also acts as a catalyst for the growth of other core industries like power, steel, cement, etc.,
which, in turn, are critical for the overall development of the economy. Thus, mining sector is playing a
critical role in the economic development, attracting investment and generating employment in the
country.

Mining sector provides basic raw materials to many important industries like (thermal) power
generation, iron and steel, cement, petroleum and natural gas, petro-chemicals, fertilisers, precious and
semiprecious metals and stones, electrical and electronic equipments, glass and ceramics etc. It accounts
for 18% (9.4% share in exports of ores and minerals and 8.8% share in export of metals & alloys) in
export earnings of the country.

Indian economy GDP grew by 7.3% in 2014-15 and is expected to grow at higher rate in the
coming year. Mining sector contributed about 2.85% of the GVA (at current prices) in 2013-14 and
2.39% in 2014-15 as per the new series data released by CSO. The average daily employment in mines
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(excluding atomic and minor minerals) is estimated at 5.31 lakhs during 2013-14. In respect of minerals
covered under MCDR, the average daily employment is 1.31 lakhs and that for iron ore it is 0.38 lakhs.

Amongst the minerals covered under MCDR, iron ore is the top contributor in the GVA of
mining and quarrying sector, followed by chromite, limestone etc. Amongst the minerals covered under
MCDR, the major mineral rich states are Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Jharkhand etc.

India has exported ore & minerals and metal & alloys during 2014-15(p) for Rs.1,78,077 Crores
and Rs.1,67,120 Crores, respectively. During same period, India has also imported ore & minerals and
metal & alloys during 2014-15(p) for Rs. 10,71,689 Crores and Rs. 4,01,259 Crores, respectively.

Total Value of Export & Imports

(In Rs. Crore )
Item Exports Imports
2012-13(R) 2013-14(P) 2014-15(P) 2012-13(R) 2013-14(P) 2014-15(P)
Ores & Minerals 160101 194783 178077 1100800 1215827 1071689
Metals & Alloys 140614 153156 167120 446566 321356 401259
Source: DGCIS, Kolkata; R: Revised; P: Provisional

3.1 Index of Mineral Production

Based on the overall trend so far the index of mineral production (base 2004-05) for the year
2014-15 is estimated to be 127.7 as compared to 124.7 for 2013-14 showing a positive growth of 2.4%.
3.2 Value of Mineral Production

The total value of mineral production (excluding atomic minerals) during 2014-15 has been
estimated at Rs. 2,67,637 crore, which shows a decrease of about 3.78% over that of the previous year.
During 2014-15, estimated value for fuel minerals account for Rs. 1,71,014 crore or 63.90%, metallic
minerals, Rs. 36,773 crore or 13.74% of the total value, non-metallic minerals, Rs. 52,490 crore or
19.61% of the total value and minor minerals, Rs. 7,360 crore or 2.75% of the total value.

The value of production of selected minerals other than atomic mineral during 2010-11 to 2014-
15 (E) is given in Annexure I.

3.3 Gross Domestic Product from Mining & Quarrying Sector

The GVA accrued from mining and quarrying sector at current prices for 2014-15 is provisionally
estimated at Rs. 2,75,812 crore. Contribution of mining and quarrying (at current prices) in total GVA
was 2.39% during 2014-15. Contribution of mining and quarrying (at current prices) in total GVA during
2011-12 to 2014-15 is given below

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 Contribution of Mining & Quarrying (at Current Prices) in total GVA

(In Rs. crore)

S. N. Parameter 2011-12(NS) 2012-13(NS) 2013-14(NS) 2014-15(PE)
1 GVA (All Sector) 8195546 9252051 10477140 11550240
2 GVA (Mining & Quarrying*) 262813 284771 298544 275812
% Share of Mining & 3.21 3.08 2.85 2.39
3
Quarrying in GVA
(NS): New Series, (PE): Provisional Estimate; Source: CSO

3.4 Mining (Reporting Mines)

Indian mining industry is characterized by a large number of small operational mines. Reporting
mine is defined as “A mine reporting production or reporting „nil‟ production during a year but engaged
in developmental work, such as, overburden removal, underground driving, winzing, sinking work,
exploration by pitting, trenching or drilling as evident from the MCDR returns”. The number of mines
which reported mineral production (excluding minor minerals, petroleum (crude), natural gas and atomic
minerals) in India was 3318 in 2014-15 as against 3722 in the previous year. Out of 3318 reporting mines,
498 were located in Rajasthan followed by Andhra Pradesh (444), Gujarat (362), Madhya Pradesh (326),
Tamil Nadu(272), Jharkhand (250), Chhattisgarh(201), Karnataka (178), Odisha (173), Maharashtra
(150), Telangana (145) and West Bengal (120). These 12 States together accounted for 94% of total
number of mines in the country in 2014-15. Among them, 575 mines belonged to coal & lignite, 595 to
metallic minerals and 2,148 to non-metallic minerals.

Number of Reporting Mines

Sector 2012-13 2013-14(P) 2014-15(E)

All Minerals* 3978 3722 3318
Coal (including Lignite) 575 575 575
Metallic Minerals 708 663 595
Non-Metallic Minerals 2695 2484 2148
*Excluding atomic minerals, petroleum (crude), natural gas (utilized) and minor minerals.
Source: Annual Report, 2014-15, Ministry of Mines.

Mineral wise no. of reporting mines for minerals (excluding fuel, atomic and minor minerals)
during 2011-12 to 2013-14 is given in Annexure - II.

3.5 Employment

During 2013-14(p), about 1,31,455 persons were employed in mining sector (excluding atomic
and minor minerals). State wise and mineral wise average daily employment during the period 2011-12 to
2013-14(p) is given in Annexure-III (A) & (B).

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3.6 Self-Reliance in Minerals & Mineral Based Products

India‟s ranking in 2013 as compared to world production was 2nd in barytes, Chromite, and
Talc/Steatite/Pyrophyllite, 3rd in Coal & Lignite and Zinc (slab), 4th Iron ore, Kyanite/Andalusite/
Sillimanite, and steel (crude/liquid), 5th in Bauxite ore, 6th in Manganese ore, 7th Aluminium and 10th in
Copper (refined). The contribution and rank of India in world production of principal minerals & metals
in 2013 are given in Annexure – IV (A).

India continued to be wholly or largely self-sufficient in minerals which constitute primary

mineral raw materials to industries, such as, thermal power generation, iron & steel, ferro-alloys,
aluminium, cement, various types of refractories, etc. India is, by and large, self-sufficient in coal (with
the exception of very low ash coking coal required by the steel plants) and lignite among mineral fuels;
bauxite, chromite, iron and manganese ores, etc. among metallic minerals; and almost all the industrial
minerals with the exception of chrysotile asbestos, borax, fluorite, kyanite, potash, rock phosphate and
elemental sulphur. Despite high degree of self-sufficiency, some quantities of various minerals/ores are
imported due to economic consideration or requirement of specific grade to meet the demand for either
blending with locally available mineral raw materials and/or for manufacturing special qualities of
mineral-based products. To meet the increasing demand of uncut diamonds, emerald and other precious
and semiprecious stones by the domestic cutting and polishing industry, India continued to depend on
imports of raw uncut stones for their value-added re-exports.

The degree of self-sufficiency in respect of principal minerals & metals in 2013-14 is given in
Annexure – IV (B).

4.0 THE LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR MINING SECTOR

India‟s mineral and mining sector operates under a federal structure wherein the Central Govern-
ment formulates the legislation for all minerals except the minor minerals and the State Governments
formulate legislation for minerals classified as minor minerals. India has written legal and constitutional
framework to manage the mineral sector. National Mineral Policy provides the direction for mineral
sector. Management of mining sector is the responsibility of the Central Government and the State
Governments. The Constitution bestows power to the Parliament to enact legislation relating to the
mining and the States are bound by the Central legislation.

In the federal structure of India, the State Governments are the owners of minerals located within
their respective boundaries. The Central Government is the owner of the minerals underlying the ocean
within the territorial waters or the Exclusive Economic Zone of India.

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 In this context, the entry at serial No. 23 of List II (State list) to the Constitution of India states,
„Regulation of mines and mineral development subject to the provisions of List I with respect to
regulation and development under the control of the Union.‟ The entry at serial No. 54 of List I (Central
list) to the Constitution of India states, „Regulation of mines and mineral development to the extent to
which such regulation and development under the control of the Union is declared by Parliament by law
to be expedient in the public interest.‟

In pursuance to the entry at serial No. 54 of List I, the Central Government have framed
legislation titled Mines & Minerals (Development and Regulation) (MMDR) Act, 1957 as Central Act for
governing the Mineral Sector (other than Petroleum and Natural Gas) of the Country. The Mineral
Concession Rules, 1960 and the Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988 are the rules framed
under MMDR, 1957 to develop and regulate mining sector.

The State Governments, as owners of onshore minerals, grant mineral concessions and collect
royalty, dead rent and fees as per the provisions of MMDR Act, 1957. The MMDR Act, 1957 recognises
a substantial role for the State Governments. In exercise of powers under section 3 (e) of the MMDR Act,
1957, the central government notifies „minor minerals‟. As per Section 15 of the MMDR Act, 1957 State
Governments have complete powers for making rules for grant of concessions in respect of minor
minerals; and levy and collection of royalty on minor minerals. In the case of major minerals, States
substantially regulate and develop minerals subject to provisions of the Act. Further, as per section 23C of
MMDR Act, 1957, State Governments have complete powers to make rules for prevention of illegal
mining and for purposes connected therewith. Therefore, matters relating to regulation of mining and
control of illegal mining of minor minerals are all matters which lie in the domain of State Governments.

The Central Government retains the power of revision, fixation of royalty etc. in respect of major
minerals. The Ministry of Coal exercises all powers of the Central Government with respect to Coal and
Lignite under the Act. The Department of Atomic Energy similarly exercises all powers for Atomic
Minerals. In order to regulate the mining and development of minerals in the offshore area, the Parliament
has enacted the “Offshore Areas Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 2002”. The Act empowers
the Central Government to grant mineral concessions for offshore areas and collect royalty. The Mines
Ministry administers the OAMDR Act, 2002 and the rules made there under, for all minerals, other than
Petroleum and Natural Gas within the territorial waters and the continental shelf. The Indian Bureau of
Mines has been notified as the administrative authority for concession management of offshore areas.

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A. Mineral Concession Rules (MCR), 1960

The MCR, 1960 defines the process of grant of mineral concessions as per the provisions of Sec-
tion 13 of the MMDR Act, 1957. The rules lay down the process and timelines for grant of concessions,
disposal and refusal of applications and the basic conduct of accounts, registers and information reports.

B. Mineral Conservation & Development Rules (MCDR), 1988

The MCDR, 1988 prescribes guidelines for the conservation and development of minerals as per
the provisions of Section 18 of the MMDR Act, 1957. The rules prescribe procedures for carrying out
prospecting and mining operations and the general requirements relating to preparation of mining and
prospecting plans and filing of notices and returns. The rules also cover guidelines for protection of the
environment.

C. Minor Mineral Concession Rules

Various State Governments have prescribed rules for the grant of mineral concessions in respect
of minerals classified as minor minerals under the MMDR Act, 1957.

D. Offshore Areas Mineral (Development & Regulation) Act, 2002

The Offshore Areas Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act, 2002, provides for development
and regulation of mineral resources in the territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone
and other maritime zones of India and to provide for matters connected to it.

E. Offshore Areas Mineral Concession Rules, 2006

The Offshore Areas Mineral Concession Rules, 2006, lay down the process for grant and renewal
of reconnaissance permits, exploration licenses and production leases as per provisions of Section 35 of
the Offshore Areas Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act, 2002. The rules prescribe for measures
for protecting the marine environment and safety measures to be followed in the leased area. The rules
also define the operational guidelines for each concession granted under the act.

F. Granite Conservation and Development Rules, 1999 & Marble Development and
Conservation Rules, 2002

These rules were framed under Section of 18 of the MMDR Act, 1957 for conservation and
systematic development of granite and marble resources in the country, respectively.

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4.1 National Mineral Policy

Prior to 1993, the mineral sector was guided by the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1953. In
pursuance of the reforms initiated by the Government of India in fiscal, industrial and trade regimes, the
first National Mineral Policy was enunciated in March, 1993 which ushered in liberalization in the mining
sector. The National Mineral Policy recognized the need for encouraging private investment including
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and for attracting state-of-art technology in the mineral sector. The
policy stressed that the Central Government, in consultation with the State Governments, shall continue to
formulate legal measures for the regulation of mines and the development of mineral resources to ensure
basic uniformity in mineral administration so that the development of mineral resources keeps pace, and
is in consonance with the national policy goals.

Mining is a three-stage operation, involving regional exploration, detailed exploration, and actual
mining. Regional exploration is mainly a survey activity to identify areas bearing mineral deposits.
Detailed exploration is a little more invasive and can involve close spaced drilling (depending on the
mineral) and substantial testing to establish commercially exploitable ore bodies. Mining projects,
therefore, have a long gestation period requiring large investments in exploration and other development
activities before commercial production can begin, and are thus considered as a high risk venture for the
reason that a prospector‟s investment may or may not result in finds of commercially exploitable deposits.
In India, investment has been lacking in such high-risk ventures and the exploration done by Geological
Survey of India (GSI) continues to be the main basis for investment in mining.

Minerals are a valuable natural resource being the vital raw material for infrastructure, capital
goods and basic industries. As a major resource for development the extraction and management of
minerals has to be integrated into the overall strategy of the country‟s economic development. The
exploitation of minerals has to be guided by long-term national goals and perspectives. Just as these goals
and perspectives are dynamic and responsive to the changing global economic scenario so also the
national mineral policy has to be dynamic taking into consideration the changing needs of industry in the
context of the domestic and global economic environment. It is, therefore, necessary to revisit the
National Mineral Policy, 1993.

In the mid-term appraisal of the Tenth Five-year Plan, it was observed that the main factors
responsible for lack of adequate investments into the mineral sector were procedural delays in processing
of applications for mineral concessions and absence of adequate imfrastructure in the mining areas. As
recommended in the mid-term appraisal of Xth five year plan, the Planning Commission constituted a
High Level Committee (HLC) under the Chairmanship of Shri Anwarul Hoda, Member Planning
Commission. Further, based on the recommendations of the High Level Committee set up in the Planning

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Commission, Government of India, in consultation with State Governments, the National Mineral Policy
(NMP) was notified on the 13th March, 2008.

4.2 National Mineral Policy, 2008

The National Mineral Policy (NMP) was notified in 2008. It recommends measures like assured
right to next stage mineral concession, transferability of mineral concessions and transparency in
allotment of concessions, in order to reduce delays which are seen as impediments to investment and
technology flows in the mining sector in India. The Mineral Policy also seeks to develop a Sustainable
Development Framework for optimum utilisation of the country‟s natural mineral resources for the
industrial growth in the country and at the same time improving the life of people living in the mining
areas, which are generally located in the backward and tribal regions of the country. Other features of the
National Mineral Policy, 2008, inter alia, are:-

(a) NMP recognizes that minerals are valuable natural resources being the vital raw material for
infrastructure, capital goods and basic industries, and therefore development of the extraction and
management of minerals has to be integrated into the overall strategy of the country‟s economic
development.

(b) The exploitation of minerals has to be guided by long-term national goals and perspectives which are
dynamic and responsive to the changing global economic scenario.

(c) The NMP also recognizes that the country is blessed with ample resources of a number of minerals
and has the geological environment for many others, being a part of the ancient Gondwana land which
comprised parts of Australia, Africa and Latin America.

(d) NMP lays out that the guiding strategy for development of any mineral should naturally keep in view
its ultimate end use in terms of demand and supply in the short, medium and long terms and this would be
market oriented. However, a disaggregated approach in respect of each mineral should be adopted and a
mineral specific strategy be developed to maximize gains from the comparative advantage which the
country enjoys, and mineral development be prioritized in terms of import substitution, value addition and
export, in that order.

(e) Conservation of minerals shall be construed not in the restrictive sense of abstinence from
consumption or preservation for use in the distant future but as a positive concept leading to augmentation
of reserve base through improvement in mining methods, beneficiation and utilisation of low grade ore
and the rejects and recovery of associated minerals.

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Important areas of focus in National Mineral Policy 2008

The Policy states that the Central Government in consultation with State Governments shall
formulate legal measures necessary for giving effect to it to ensure basic uniformity in mineral
administration across the country, to ensure that the development of mineral resources keeps pace, and is
in consonance with the national goals. Some of the important areas of focus in the National Mineral
Policy 2008 are:

(i) Ushering in greater liberalization and private sector involvement, and to widen the scope of the
regulatory framework of the Government in the mining sector by shifting the focus from conventional
areas of managing the mineral concession systems to new areas of regulating the mineral sector
holistically through addressing issues of simplification, transparency and sectoral best practices in order
to attract capital and technology in the sector from new sources.

(ii) Developing partnerships with stakeholders including the State Governments, mineral and mineral
based industries and various concerned Ministries/Departments of the Central Government, for
development and conservation of mineral resources and formulation of strategy to ensure raw material
security. The policy also seeks to deepen the scope of the developmental framework by mandating better
management of resources, enhancing the impetus on Research and Development, as also by developing
the Human Resources in the sector.

(iii) Ensuring that the interests of host populations and other vulnerable sections are fully protected and
the benefit of the economic activity in the mining sector flows equitably to the stakeholders.

NMP, 2008 has also deepened the scope of the developmental framework by mandating better
management of resources and improving the Research and Development and Human Resources in the
sector to ensure that the interests of host populations and other vulnerable sections are fully protected and
stakeholders interests are developed, and the benefit of the economic activity in the mining sector flow
equitably to the stakeholders.

4.3 Foreign Direct Investment policy for Mining sector

Government of India permits 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in exploration, mining,
mineral processing and metallurgy through the automatic route, by way of equity participation in a
company incorporated in India, for all non-fuel and non-atomic minerals including diamonds and precious
stones.

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 Mining and mineral separation of titanium-bearing minerals and ores, its value addition and
integrated activities fall under the government route of foreign direct investment up to 100%. FDI in coal
mining is allowed for captive consumption only.

5.0 INITIATIVES/NEW DEVELOPMENTS FOR MINING SECTOR

5.1 MINING TENEMENT SYSTEM (MTS)

The MTS has been envisaged to automate the various processes associated with the mineral
concession regime. The objective of the Scheme is to develop an online National Mineral Information
System for investors by linking Central and State organizations engaged in administration of mineral
resources in the country. The Mining Tenement System (MTS) would have graphical information
database (GIS) as well as information in textual form.

These two databases, i.e., non-special database and special database would be seamlessly
integrated so as to retrieve graphical information as well as relevant textual information. The system will
be thus web enabled and access to the system will be given online to prospective investors, government
organizations and private public through Internet as per policy of the Government.

This would not only give an impetus to the decision-making process but is also expected to bring
transparency and efficiency. The MTS will not only enable online filing of applications but it will also
help to identify the areas for various types of mineral concessions. IBM has been nominated by the
Ministry as the Nodal Implementing Agency for the project. Detailed Project Report (DPR) of MTS had
already been approved by the Core Committee. Further, RFP document for selection of an
implementation agency for design, development, maintenance and operation of MTS was issued. Thus,
the retendering of Request for proposal (RFP) for selection of an implementing agency for design,
development, maintenance and operations of Mining Tenement System is under process.

5.2 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK (SDF)

As per the recommendations of a High Level Committee headed by Shri Anwarul Hoda, a
Sustainable Development Framework specially tailored to the Indian context was developed taking into
consideration the work being done in International Council of Mining and Metals (ICMM) and
International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). The SDF was based
on the following eight principles.

• Incorporating Environment and Social sensitivities in decision on leases.

• Strategic assessment in Key Mining regions.

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 • Managing Impacts at the Mine Level through sound management systems.

• Addressing land, resettlement and other social impacts.

• Community Engagement and other Social impacts.

• Community Engagement, Benefit sharing and contribution to socio-economic development.

• Mines Closure and Post Closure.

• Assurance and Reporting.

The Sustainable Development Framework for Mining Sector (non-coal, non-fuel, non-atomic
minerals, not covering offshore mining) is available on website of Ministry of Mines.

5.3 Coordination-cum-Empowered Committee (CEC)

The Ministry of Mines had constituted a Coordination-cum-Empowered Committee (CEC) under

the chairpersonship of Secretary (Mines) to monitor and minimize delays at various levels in grant of
approvals for mineral concession applications on 4.3.2009. Keeping in view the need for having more
effective coordination among the Central Ministries/Departments and the State Governments for grant of
mineral concessions as well as for dealing with various important matters relating to mineral development
and regulation in the country, the CEC has been reconstituted as “Coordination-cum-Empowered
Committee on Mineral Development and Regulation” on 20th October, 2011.

The CEC comprises senior officers of the Ministries of Mines, Environment and Forests, Home
Affairs, Steel, Railways, Finance, Shipping, Fertilizers, Department of Atomic Energy, Directorate
General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Geological Survey of India (GSI), Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM).
Representatives of State Governments are invited to the meetings of the CEC as special invitees. The
Terms of Reference (ToR) of the CEC have also been broadened so as to bring within its ambit other
important matters viz. Sustainable Development Framework, Coordination/review of steps for prevention
of illegal mining, issues arising out of the National Mineral Policy and legislation governing mineral
development etc.

The CEC meets quarterly, wherein important decisions aimed at minimizing delays in processing
of mineral concession applications at various levels and bringing about efficiency and transparency in the
overall mineral concession regime were taken.

One of the main decisions taken by the CEC was that a State level Coordination-cum-Empowered
Committee (SEC) would be constituted in each State under the chairmanship of Chief Secretary or
Additional Chief Secretary/Principal Secretary of the Mining/Industries Department with representation

15
from all concerned Departments/institutions. As per the information received by the Ministry, all mineral-
rich States viz. Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu have constituted their respective SECs. The other major
decisions/steps taken by the CEC relating to mineral concessions were: calling upon the State
Governments to ensure timely submission of quarterly reports on mineral concessions, prompt issuance of
letters of intent (LOI), and expeditious disposal of long-standing concession cases.

5.4 Mines and Mineral (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015

The NMP 2008 provides for a change in the role of the Central Government and the State
Governments to incentivize private sector investment in exploration and mining and for ensuring level
playing field and transparency in the grant of concessions and promotion of scientific mining within a
sustainable development framework so as to protect the interest of local population in mining areas. This
has necessitated harmonization of the extant legislation with NMP 2008.

In the last few years, the number of new Mining Leases granted in the country have fallen
substantially. In addition, second and subsequent renewals have also been affected by Court judgements.
As a result, the output in the mining sector has come down, leading to import of minerals. Thus, the
amendment to the MMDR Act, 1957 became necessary to address the emergent problems in the mining
industry.

The MMDR Amendment act, 2015 was enacted to amend the MMDR Act, 1957. Some of the
important provisions of the amending act are: (i) grant of mineral concessions through auction by
competitive bidding; (ii) extension of validity of lease period of existing leases; (iii) establishment of
District Mineral Foundation for the benefit of persons and areas affected by mining operations; (iv)
establishment of National Mineral Exploration Trust for the purposes of regional and detailed exploration;
(v) simplification and removal of delays in the method of grant of mineral concessions; and (vi) stronger
provisions for checking illegal mining.

(a) Removal of discretion; auction to be sole method of allotment

All mineral concessions are granted by the respective State Governments. They will continue to
do so but all grant of mineral concessions would be through auctions, thereby bringing in greater
transparency and removing of discretion. Unlike in the 1957 Act, there would be no renewal of any
mining concession. The tenure of the mineral concession have been increased from the existing 30 years
to 50 years. Thereafter, the Mining Lease would be put up for auction (and not for renewal as in the
earlier system).

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(b) Impetus to the mining sector

The said act addresses the issue of second and subsequent renewals remaining pending leading to
closure of large number of mines. The said amendment act provides that the Mining Leases would be
deemed to be extended from the date of their last renewal to 31st March, 2030 (in the captive miners) and
till 31st March, 2020 (for the merchant miners) or till the completion of the renewal already granted, if
any, whichever is later. It is expected that this would immediately permit such closed mines to start their
operations.

(c) Safeguarding interest of affected persons

There is provision to establish District Mineral Foundation (DMF) in the districts where mining
takes place. This is designed to address the long time grievance of the civil society with people affected
by mining are not cared for. There is separate provision for contribution to the DMF not exceeding
1/3rd of the royalty rate in the respective minerals.

(d) Encouraging exploration and investment

Indian mining industry has not seen the type of exploration as in other countries. To address this,
the said act proposes to setup a National Mineral Exploration Trust created out of contribution from the
mining lease holders. This would allow the Government to have a dedicated fund for undertaking
exploration. In addition, the transferability provision (in respect of Mining Leases to be granted through
auction) would permit flow of greater investment to the sector and increasing the efficiency in mining.

(e) Simplification of procedure and removal of delay

In respect of ten minerals in Part C of First Schedule to MMDR Act 1957, State Government
needed to obtain the prior approval of the Central Government before grant of mineral concession. The
amendment removes the need for such “prior approval” from the Central Government, thereby making
the process quicker and simpler. Similarly, approval of mining plan by the Government would no longer
be mandatory as a provision has been added permitting the State Governments to devise a system for
filing of a mining plan obviating need for approval by the Government. The said act also provides that the
tenure of any Mining Lease would now be 50 years in place of 30 years in the existing Act. Further,
central government has been given powers to intervene where state governments do not pass orders
within prescribed timelines.

(f) Stronger provisions for checking illegal mining

In order to bring a check on illegal mining, the penal provisions have been made further stringent.
Higher penalties and jail terms have been provided in the amendment act. Further, a provision has been
17
made for constitution of special courts by the state govt. for fast-track trial of cases related to illegal
mining.

5.5 Notification of Minor Mineral

In exercise of powers under section 3 (e) of the MMDR Act, 1957, the Ministry notifies „minor
minerals‟. Recently the Ministry (on 10.02.2015) notified 31 minerals as „minor minerals‟. The
notification has been published in the Gazette of India vide S.O. 423(E) dated 10.2.2015. The total
number of minerals notified as „minor minerals‟ so far is 55 whose regulatory and administrative
jurisdiction fall under the purview of State Governments. These include the power to frame rules,
prescribe the rate of royalty, contribution to DMF, the procedure for grant of mineral concession etc. The
other Minerals are popularly known as major minerals. In the case of major minerals, States substantially
regulate and develop minerals subject to provisions of the Act.

5.6 New rules/Guidelines/model format

Government of India is in the process of simplifying and updating the legislation relating to the
mineral and mining sector in India that includes necessary amendments to MCR, 1960 and MCDR, 1988.
As a part of this initiative, the Central Government has notified the following rules for implementation of
provisions of the MMDR Amendment Act, 2015.

Minerals (Evidence of Mineral Contents) Rules, 2015: Rules that prescribe procedures to be followed
for conducting the exploration to determine mineral content so that the mineral blocks could be taken up
for auction of mineral concessions.

Mineral (Auction) Rules, 2015: Rules that detail the process to be followed for auction with respect to
grant of minerals concessions.

Mineral (Non-exclusive Reconnaissance Permits) Rules, 2015: Rules that detail the process to be
followed for grant of Non-exclusive Reconnaissance Permit.

National Mineral Exploration Trust Rules, 2015: Rules that detail the objectives, functions, operations
of the National Mineral Exploration Trust.

Mineral conservation and development (amendment) Rules, 2015: Rule that amend rule 3(c) of
MCDR 1988.

Other guidelines or model are also published as mentioned below-

 Model District Mineral Foundation Trust Deed

 Guidelines for support Mining Research
18
  Model Tender document containing the Mines development and Production Agreement.

5.7 International Cooperation

Geology and mining is an evolving field. Various countries have expertise in different sectors of
this industry. Through international cooperation, we endeavor to access the expertise across the world.
This is through personal exchange and training wherever feasible. Indian expertise in certain area is also
been found useful by some countries who have utilized our training facilities to upgrade the skill of their
personnel. The Ministry also makes effort to project mining sector of India as an attractive investment
destination in various international mining events for attracting foreign direct investment.

5.8 Notifying PSUs to boost mineral prospecting in the country

In order to strengthen the mineral inventory database of the country, the government has notified
seven PSUs to undertake prospecting work. This obviates the need for such companies to obtain
prospecting licence. The PSUs are –

1. Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited 2. Steel Authority of India Limited

3. NMDC Limited 4. KIOCL Limited

3. MOIL Limited 6. Chhattisgarh District Mineral Foundation, and

7. Madhya Pradesh State Mining Corporation Limited

6.0 MINERAL ADMINISTRATION

Each State Government takes care of all the mineral administration related matters (such as grant
of concessions, collection of royalties, etc.) within the state offices distributed over entire state. As per the
MMDR Amendment Act, 2015, the three types of concessions could be granted for exploration and
mining of minerals.

6.1 Mining Lease

This concession is granted through an auction process where the bidder succeeding in the auction
can undertake mining operations after obtaining requisite clearances.

Pursuant to recently notified Mineral (Auction) Rules, 2015, the State Government issues an or-
der notifying an area for grant of Mining Lease. Prior to auctioning the notified area(s), the State
Government is required to complete exploration up to G2 level as standards prescribed under Minerals
(Evidence of Mineral Contents) Rules, 2015 and establish indicated mineral resources in the area to be
granted under concession. The Mining Lease will be valid for a period of 50 years from the date of ex-
19
ecution of Mining Lease. A concessionaire is not permitted to acquire one or more Mining Leases
covering a total area of more than ten sq. km. in a particular State. The concessionaire is required to
complete detailed exploration and prepare a detailed feasibility study report conforming to the Mineral
(Evidence of Mineral Contents) Rules, 2015 over the entire area under the mining lease, within a period
of five years from the date of commencement of the Mining Lease.

6.2 Composite Licence (Prospecting Licence-cum-Mining Lease)

This licence granted through an auction process where the bidder succeeding in the auction is re-
quired to undertake exploration and prospecting work to upgrade the exploration in the mineral
concession area within a prescribed time.

State Government issues an order notifying an area for grant of Composite License after
completing exploration up to G3 level conforming to standards prescribed under Minerals (Evidence of
Mineral Contents) Rules, 2015 and establishing inferred mineral resources in the area to be granted under
concession. The concessionaire is obliged to complete the prescribed level of prospecting within 3 years
(extendable further for a period of 2 years). The concessionaire will be eligible for grant of a Mining
Lease, after establishing the economically extractable mineral content and obtaining necessary clearances
and approvals needed for grant of a Mining Lease. The concessionaire is required to follow similar
procedure and make payments as applicable to a Mining Lease. A concessionaire is not permitted to
acquire one or more Prospecting Licenses covering a total area of more than twenty five sq. km. in a
particular State.

6.3 Non-exclusive Reconnaissance Permit (NERP)

Pursuant to recently notified the Mineral (Non-exclusive Reconnaissance Permits) Rules, 2015,
this permit is granted to all the eligible explorers within 30 days from the date of filing of an online
application, provided the applicant meets the eligibility conditions and the application is complete in all
respects. The permit holder is not be entitled to make any claim for the grant of any prospecting licence-
cum-mining lease or a mining lease. The State Government will specify the validity period of NERP at
the time of grant and the validity will stand terminated over such area(s) which are notified for grant of
concessions through auction. A concessionaire is not permitted to acquire one or more NERPs covering a
total area of more than 10,000 sq. km. in a particular State, provided that area granted under a single
NERP shall not exceed 5,000 sq. km.

7.0 MINERAL REGULATION

Indian Bureau of Mines, a subordinate office of the Ministry of Mines, is mainly responsible for
regulation of mining in the country. It carries out inspection of mines, approves mining plans and mine
20
closure plans and conducts environmental studies to minimise environmental impact due to mining.
Besides being a regulator, it also maintains a repository of information relating to minerals and mining
activity in the country and all the mines are required to file mandatory returns with IBM. It also prepares
mineral maps, mineral resource and reserve inventory and publishes technical and statistical information
relating to the minerals and mining activity in the country.

8.0 TAXATION AND ROYALTIES

The principal taxes/ payments applicable to mining industry in India are -

 Direct Taxes – Corporate Income Tax (IT) or Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT).

 Indirect Taxes – Custom Duty, Service Tax, Value Added Tax (VAT) etc.

 Mining Levies – Royalty or Dead Rent, contribution to National Mineral Exploration

Trust and District Mineral Foundation, Surface Rent (if applicable), etc.

The taxes/ levies listed above are inclusive and not exhaustive; the actual amount of taxes/ levies
may vary depending on the States.

8.1 Direct Taxes

The main direct tax applicable for mining in India is income tax (or Minimum Alternative Tax).
As per Income Tax Act, 1961, the Income Tax is applicable for any company incorporated in India or
having its management and control in India. Mineral concessions are granted to only Indian entities. A
foreign company is taxed only on the income received in India from Indian operations. A company is
liable to pay the higher of two ways in which income tax is computed i.e. either at the rate of Minimum
Alternative Tax (MAT) or the normal tax rate.

8.2 Indirect Taxes

The main indirect taxes applicable for mining in India are Customs Duty, Export Duty, Service
Tax, Value Added Tax, etc.

The customs duty is levied on the import of goods into India as per the Customs Act, 1962 and
the rates prescribed in the First and Second Schedule of the Customs Tariff Act, 1975. Customs duty is
computed on the basis of the value of the imported goods. Exports are generally exempt from customs
duty. In exceptional cases, when there is a shortfall in the domestic supply to cater the domestic demand,
the government may regulate the supply of minerals through imposition of export duties.

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 The Service Tax is levied by the Central Government as per the provisions of the Finance Act,
1994/ 2015 at the rate of 14% on specified services provided by service providers in India. Mining
companies may attract service tax for the services availed during exploration, mineral production,
handling, transportation etc. Some of the taxable services relevant to the mining industry are Survey and
exploration of minerals, Site formation and clearance, Excavation, demolition and earth moving services,
Mining of minerals, etc.

The application of Value Added Tax (VAT) is under the purview of the State Government and is
levied on the sale or purchase of goods within the state.

8.3 Mining Levies

8.3.1 Royalty & Dead rent

Royalty on mining is collected by the State Government. Royalty on most of the minerals is
levied on ad valorem basis as percentage of price notified by the government. In the event that royalty due
for a mine is lesser to dead rent, the lessee is required to pay dead rent. In other words, a lessee is liable to
pay royalty or dead rent whichever is higher and not both.

Under the provisions of Section 9(3) of the MMDR Act, 1957, the Central Government is
empowered to amend the Second Schedule to the Act, by notification in the official Gazette, so as to
enhance or reduce the rate at which royalty shall be payable in respect of any minerals, provided that the
Central Government shall not enhance the rate of royalty in respect of any minerals more than once
during any period of three years. Similarly under Section 9a(2) of the Act, the Central Government may,
amend the Third Schedule to the Act so as to enhance or reduce the rate at which the dead rent shall be
payable in respect of any area covered by mining lease and such enhancement or reduction shall take
effect from such date as may be specified in the notification, provided that the Central Government shall
not enhance the rate of the dead rent in respect of any such area more than once during any period of three
years.

In order to review the royalty rates and dead rent, the Ministry of Mines constituted a Study
Group for revision of royalty rates and rates of dead rent for minerals (other than coal, lignite and sand for
stowing) which makes appropriate recommendations to the Government. Based on the recommendations
of the Study Group, the Central Government amends the Second Schedule and the Third Schedule to the
MMDR Act. Recently, based on the recommendations of the Study Group, the Central Government
amended the Second and Third Schedule to revise the rates of royalty and dead rent in respect of minerals
(other than coal, lignite and sand for stowing) which was notified vide Gazette notification no.GSR 630
(E) and GSR 631 (E) dated 1.9.2014.

22
8.3.2 Contribution to National Mineral Exploration Trust

The MMDR Amendment Act, 2015 envisages the establishment of the National Mineral Explora-
tion Trust (NMET) with an objective of regional and detailed exploration. As per the Act, the holder of
ML or CL is required to pay a sum equal to two percent of the royalty as a contribution to the Trust. The
contributions received by the NMET will be used for exploration activities.

8.3.3 Contribution to District Mineral Foundation

The MMDR Amendment Act, 2015 envisages the establishment of the District Mineral
Foundation in all districts affected by mining related operations and contribution received are utilised for
local area development and to promote sustainable development in mining and exploration. A
concessionaire holding an ML or CL granted on or after the date of commencement of the MMDR
Amendment Act, 2015, is required to contribute a particular amount to the DMF, besides the royalty
payable. The amount of contribution shall not exceed one-third of the royalty prescribed by the Central
Government.

8.3.4 Other Levies

In addition to the levies under the MMDR Act and the general taxes listed above, the
concessionaire may be required to pay certain other levies and taxes during the course of mining
operations depending on specific situations. These levies mainly includes Surface Rent (if applicable)
(A lessee may be liable to pay surface rent at the rate specified by the State Government. For access to
surface right of the private land, lessee may have to pay compensation to the owner of land), Entry Tax
(levied on entry of the scheduled goods into a local area for consumption, use or sale therein and liability
to pay Sales Tax gets reduced by the amount of Entry Tax paid), Forest Tax (levied on forest produce
removed from forest areas), Compensatory Afforestation Charges (levied to promote afforestation and
compensate for deforestation and loss to flora in the leased forest area), Net Present Value of Forest
Land Diverted for Mining (levied on the part of land that has been diverted for the purpose of carrying
out exploration or mining operations), Stamp Duty, Water Tax, etc.

In addition, Cess is levied on mineral ore under various legislations. For instance, cess on iron
ore, manganese ore and chrome ore are levied under the Iron Ore Mines, Manganese Ore Mines and
Chrome Ore Mines Labour Welfare Cess Act, 1976.

9.0 PRESENT STATUS OF EXPLORATION WITH MINERAL ASSETS

India is a mineral rich country and has favourable geological milieu which is yet to be fully
explored, assessed and exploited. Its geological setup is similar in many ways to that of resource rich
countries like Canada, Australia, Brazil, South Africa, Chile and Mexico etc. The exploration is a
23
continuous process and evaluation of quantity of reserves of minerals is carried out on the basis of survey
of minerals. Exploration activities in India are mostly carried out by GSI, MECL, various State DGMs,
public sector undertakings (PSU) and private sector entities both domestic and subsidiaries of many
global companies. For the mineral survey in the country, GSI is a nodal agency to formulate exploration
programmes of various agencies through CGPB.

GSI is the principal agency for geological mapping and regional mineral resource assessment in
India. It shall be responsible for drawing up action oriented plans towards these ends in close cooperation
with all other agencies engaged in this task. Detailed exploration on land is done by the Mineral
Exploration Corporation, Directorates of Mining and Geology of the State Governments and various
Central and State Public Sector Organisations. GSI has identified 0.571 million sq km as Obvious
Geological Potential (OGP) area for minerals. A major part of this OGP area is yet to be fully explored.

Most of the exploration activities in the country are of conventional type with restricted input from
geochemistry, geophysics and remote sensing. The finds so far, are located near the surface (mostly up to
a vertical depth of 100 m). Therefore, with fast depletion of easily accessible and shallow or near surface
ore bodies and decline in the rate of locating new mineral deposits within shallow depths, the challenge
lies in identifying new area for locating near surface deposits and “deep seated” and “concealed/ hidden”
ore bodies through modern and sophisticated exploration methods/ techniques on the basis of conceptual
studies.

Further, to ensure exploration and exploitation of India‟s exclusive economic zone to the maximum
possible extent, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and its agencies are entrusted with the task of sea-bed
exploration and mining. Cooperation between MoES and GSI will be institutionalized so as to achieve
this objective within a time bound framework. The task of mapping out the extended economic zone will
be expedited and completed within the time prescribed by the International Sea Convention so that no
area of sea bed mining is lost to the country.

Besides, particular attention will be given to the survey and exploration of minerals in which the
country has a poor resource-cum-reserve base despite having the geological potential for large resources
or there is demand within the country either for use or for export after processing.

9.1 National Mineral Inventory

The preparation of National Mineral Inventory (NMI) is entrusted to Indian Bureau of Mines
through its charter of functions. IBM facilitates access to the latest information on mineral resources
available in the country for exploitation. Since 1968, Indian Bureau of Mines prepares, maintains and
disseminates the inventory of Mineral Resources of the country, based on a comprehensive review of
exploration data. Emphasis of this activity was enshrined in the National Mineral Policy, 1993 and it is
24
incorporated with same vigor in the new National Mineral Policy, 2008 also. The new charter of functions
of IBM states that “Collect, collate, and organize into a database, all information on exploration,
prospecting, mines and minerals in the country in the shape of a National Mineral Information Repository
and take steps to publish and disseminate the same”. In the meeting of the Coordination-Cum-
Empowered-Committee (CEC) on Mineral Development and Regulation held on 13 th March 2015, States
were of the view that the responsibility of preparation of national Mineral Inventory may continue to be
discharged by IBM for all minerals including those 31 minerals notified as minor minerals on 10 th
February 2015.

Mineral Inventory and Mineral Exploration are complimentary to each other. India has registered
a phenomenal growth in mineral resources in post-independence period with adoption of systematic and
planned efforts through successive five year plans. Data generated as a result of exploration, feasibility
assessment, economic evaluation, technological adoption, end-use consumption in mineral based
industries etc. flow into the mineral inventory. Inventory reflects the extent of abundance, adequacy,
deficit and scarceness of mineral resources in the country and also directs towards the minerals in respect
of which priority in exploration to be fixed. So the inventory plays a crucial role in evolving overall
development strategy for judicious management of country‟s mineral resources.

The resources of minerals as attempted in the earlier full-fledged inventory as on 1-04-2010 and
interim updation as on 1-04-2013 for important 25 minerals are given in Annexure V. Further principle
states as per the incidence of the minerals during these studies are given in the same annexure. Further,
updation of NMI as on 1.4.2015 for 71 minerals has been taken up.

In NMI database, the reserves/resources are maintained as per United Nation Framework
Classification. In addition, the grade wise reserves/resources of Private/public leaseholds as well as
freehold deposits are also maintained in the NMI database. The information/data for leasehold deposits
are collected from Regional offices of IBM and for freehold deposits from various exploration agencies
viz. GSI, DGM, MECL, etc. on non-statutory basis.

The principal minerals found in the country along with their estimated reserves/resources are
given below:

Bauxite: The resources of bauxite in the country as on 1.4.2013, as per UNFC system are placed at 3,739
million tonnes. These resources include 830 million tonnes reserves and 2,909 million tonnes remaining
resources. By grades, 84% resources are of metallurgical grade. The resources of refractory and chemical
grades are limited. By States, Odisha alone accounts for about 53% of country's resources of bauxite
followed by Andhra Pradesh (16%), Gujarat (8%), Jharkhand (5%) and Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra &
Madhya Pradesh (4% each). The remaining 6% resources are distributed in Bihar, Goa, J&K, Karnataka,
25
Kerala, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. Major bauxite resources are concentrated in the East
Coast bauxite deposits in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.

Chromite: As per UNFC system, total resources of chromite in the country as on 1.4.2013 are estimated
at about 322 million tonnes, comprising 107 million tonnes reserves (33%) and 215 million tonnes
remaining resources (67%). More than 96% resources of chromite are located in Odisha, mostly in the
Sukinda valley in Cuttack and Jajpur districts. Minor deposits are scattered over Manipur, Nagaland,
Karnataka, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Grade-wise, charge-chrome grade
accounts for 31% resources followed by beneficiable grade (21%), ferro-chrome grade (17%) and
refractory grade 4%. Low, others, unclassified and not-known grades together account for 27%.

Copper: The total resources of copper ore as on 1.4.2013 as per UNFC system are estimated at 1,511
million tonnes. Of these, about 238 million tonnes (16%) fall under 'reserves' proved (STD111) and
probable (STD121 & 122) categories) while the balance 1,273 million tonnes (84%) are 'remaining
resources' categories. The total copper metal content in the resources is about 12.22 million tonnes of
which about 3 million tonnes constitute reserves and 9.22 million tonnes of remaining resources. By
grade wise total resources, about 3 million tonnes (0.17%) comprise ore containing 1.85% Cu or more,
682 million tonnes (45%) of 1% to below 1.85% Cu, 628 million tonnes (42%) of (+) 0. 50% Cu to below
1% Cu and 199 million tonnes (13%) of below 0.50% Cu grade. Largest resources of copper ore to a tune
of 809 million tonnes (53.54%) are in the state of Rajasthan followed by Madhya Pradesh with 287.67
million tonnes (19%) and Jharkhand with 295.96 million tonnes (19.59%). Copper resources in Andhra
Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu,
Uttarakhand and West Bengal accounted for remaining 7.87% of the total all India resources.

Diamond: As per the UNFC system as on 1.4.2013, all India resources of diamond are placed at around
31.86 million carats. Out of these, 0.98 million carats are placed under reserves category and 30.88
million carats under remaining resources category. By grades, about 2.38% resources are of gem variety,
2.64% of industrial variety and bulk of the resources (95%) are placed under unclassified category. By
states, Madhya Pradesh accounts for about 90.19% resources followed by Andhra Pradesh 5.72% and
Chhattisgarh 4.09%.

Dolomite: Dolomite occurrences are widespread in the country. As per UNFC system, as on 1.4.2013
total resources of dolomite are placed at about 8,085 million tonnes, out of which about 784 million
tonnes are placed under reserves category and the balance 7,301 million tonnes under remaining resources
category. Grade wise, BF/sintering grade accounts for 24% resources followed by SMS (20%), refractory
(9%), BF & SMS mixed (5%) and glass (3%). Others, unclassified, not-known and BF, SMS & refractory
mixed grades together account for the remaining 39% resources. Major share of about 89% resources was

26
distributed in eight states: namely, Madhya Pradesh (28%), Andhra Pradesh (13%), Chhattisgarh (11%)
Odisha (10%), Karnataka (8%), Gujarat & Rajasthan (7% each) and Maharashtra (5%). The remaining
11% resources are distributed in Arunachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Haryana, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu,
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

Fluorite: As per the UNFC system, the total resources of fluorite in the country as on 1.4.2013 are
estimated at 18.19 million tonnes. Out of these, 4.57 million tonnes are placed under reserves category
(further classified into 4.6 million tonnes under proved category and 0.15 million tonnes under probable
category). Remaining resources comprise about 13.62 million tonnes.

By States, Gujarat accounts for 66% of the total resources having 12 million tonnes, followed by
Rajasthan with 5.24 million tonnes (29%), Chhattisgarh 0.55 million tonnes (3%) and Maharashtra 0.39
million tonnes (2%). Grade wise, the resources are classified into marketable grade which accounted for
(81%) of the total resources, low grade (17%) and unclassified grade (2%).

Graphite: As per the UNFC system, the total resources of graphite as on 1.4.2013 are placed at about
188.67 million tonnes, out of which 8.47 million tonnes are in the reserves category and 180.20 million
tonnes are placed under remaining resources category. Resources containing +40% fixed carbon
constitute about 2.51 million tonnes and resources analysing 10-40% fixed carbon constitute 36.31
million tonnes. The balance 149.85 million tonnes fall under 'others', 'unclassified' and 'not known'
grades. Arunachal Pradesh accounts for about 39% of the total resources which is followed by Jammu &
Kashmir (33%), Odisha (10%), Jharkhand (9%) and Tamil Nadu (4%). The remaining 5% resources are
distributed in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and
Uttarakhand.

Gold: As per UNFC system, as on 1.4.2013, the total resources of gold ore in the country were estimated
at 494.80 million tonnes. Out of these, 14.61 million tonnes were placed under reserves category and the
remaining 480.19 million tonnes under remaining resources category. Total resources of gold (primary),
in terms of metal, stood at 640.41 tonnes. Out of these, 71.91 tonnes were placed under reserves category
and 568.50 tonnes under remaining resources category. The resources include placer-type gold ore in
Kerala estimated at 26.12 million tonnes containing 5.86 tonnes gold metal.

By States, largest resources in terms of gold ore (primary) are located in Bihar in 222.88 million
tonnes (45%) followed by Rajasthan in 118.89 million tonnes (24%) and Karnataka in 103.78 million
tonnes (21%), West Bengal in 12.83 million tonnes (3%), and Andhra Pradesh in 12.27 million tonnes
and Jharkhand in 9.37 million tonnes (2% each ) and Madhya Pradesh in 7.79 million tonnes (1.5%).
Remaining 1.5% resources of ore are located in Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. In

27
terms of metal content, Karnataka remained on top followed by Rajasthan, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh,
Jharkhand, etc.

Gypsum: As per UNFC system, the total resources of mineral gypsum in India as on 1.4.2010 were
estimated at 1,286 million tonnes of which 39 million tonnes have been placed under 'reserves' and 1,247
million tonnes under 'remaining resources' category. Of the total resources, fertilizer/pottery grade
accounts for about 82% and cement/paint grade 12%. The unclassified and not-known grades together
account for 5% resources. The remaining one percent of resources is shared by surgical plaster and soil
reclamation grades. By States, Rajasthan alone accounts for 82% resources and Jammu & Kashmir 14%
resources. The remaining 4% resources are in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka,
Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.

Iron ore: Haematite and magnetite are the most important iron ores in India. About 60% haematite ore
deposits are found in the Eastern Sector, especially in Odisha & Jharkhand while about 92% magnetite
ore deposits occur in Southern Sector, especially in Karnataka. Of these, haematite is considered to be
superior because of its higher grade. Indian deposits of haematite belong to the Precambrian Iron Ore
Series and the ore is within banded iron ore formations occurring as massive, laminated, friable and also
in powdery form.

As per UNFC system, the total resources of haematite as on 1.4.2013 are estimated at 20,576
million tonnes of which 6,607 million tonnes (32%) are under 'reserves' category and the balance 13,969
million tonnes (68%) are under 'remaining resources' category. By grades, lumps constitute about 58%
followed by fines (17%), lumps with fines (16%) and the remaining 9% are black iron ore, unclassified,
not-known and other grades. Major resources of haematite are located in Odisha - 7183 million tonnes
(35%), Jharkhand – 5,069 million tonnes (25%), Chhattisgarh – 4,031 million tonnes (19%), Karnataka -
2,269 million tonnes (11%) and Goa – 1,019 million tonnes (5%). The balance resources of haematite are
spread in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Rajasthan and Uttar
Pradesh.

Magnetite is another principal iron ore that also occurs in the form of oxide either in igneous or
metamorphosed banded magnetite-silica formation, possibly of sedimentary origin. As per UNFC system,
the total resources of magnetite as on 1.4.2013 are estimated at 10,747 million tonnes of which 'reserves'
constitute a mere about 34 million tonnes while 10713 million tonnes are placed under 'remaining
resources'. Classification on the basis of grades shows 20% resources are of metallurgical grade while
80% resources belong to unclassified, not-known and other grades. The resources of coal washery and
foundry grades constitute meagre proportions. India's 97% magnetite resources are located in four states,
namely, Karnataka - 7,802 million tonnes (73%), Andhra Pradesh – 1,392 million tonnes (13%),

28
Rajasthan – 627 million tonnes (6%) and Tamil Nadu - 507 million tonnes (5%). Assam, Bihar, Goa,
Jharkhand, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Odisha together account for the remaining 3%
resources.

Kaolin/china clay: China clay resources in the country as per UNFC system as on 1.4.2010 have been
placed at 2,705.21 million tonnes. The reserves constitute only about 7% of the resources at 177.16
million tonnes. Out of the total reserves, 70% (about 124 million tonnes) reserves are under proved
category whereas 30% (about 53 million tonnes) reserves fall under probable category. The resources are
spread over in a number of states of which Kerala holds about 25%, followed by West Bengal and
Rajasthan (16% each) and Odisha and Karnataka (10% each). Out of total resources, about 22% or 608
million tonnes fall under ceramic/pottery grade, 4% are classified under chemical, paper filler and cement
grades and about 73% or 1,980 million tonnes resources fall under mixed grade, others, unclassified &
not-known categories.

Lead &Zinc: The total resources of lead and zinc ores as on 1.4.2013 as per UNFC system, are
estimated at 709.04 million tonnes. Of these, 102.79 million tonnes (14%) fall under 'reserves' category
while balance 606.25 million tonnes (86%) are classified as 'remaining resources'. The resources of ore
containing + 10% Pb & Zn were estimated at 130.58 million tonnes, ore containing 5 to 10% Pb & Zn
were 283.18 million tonnes and ore containing less than 5% Pb & Zn were 295.28 million tonnes.

The total metal content in resources of lead is 12 million tonnes Lead and that of zinc is 35.86
million tonnes and for lead zinc metal is 140.82 thousand tonnes. In terms of reserves, 2.11 million tonnes
of lead metal and 10.89 million tonnes of zinc metal have been estimated. Rajasthan is endowed with the
largest resources of lead-zinc ore amounting to 629.92 million tonnes (88.84%), followed by Andhra
Pradesh 22.69 million tonnes (3.20%), Madhya Pradesh 14.84 million tonnes (2.09%), Bihar 11.43
million tonnes (1.61%) and Maharashtra 9.27 million tonnes (1.31%). Resources are also established in
Gujarat, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.

Limestone: The total resources of limestone of all categories and grades as per UNFC system as on
1.4.2010 are estimated at 184,935 million tonnes, of which 14,926 million tonnes (8%) are under reserves
category and 170,009 million tonnes (92%) are under remaining resources category. Karnataka is the
leading state having 28% of the total resources followed by Andhra Pradesh (20%), Rajasthan (12%),
Gujarat (11%) , Meghalaya (9%) and Chhattisgarh (5%). Gradewise, cement grade has leading share of
about 69% followed by SMS & BF grades (12%) and chemical grade (3%). Remaining 16% are others,
not-known and unclassified Grades.

Magnesite: The total reserves/resources of magnesite as per UNFC system as on 1.4.2013 are about 328
million tonnes of which reserves and remaining resources are about 21 million tonnes and 307 million
29
tonnes, respectively. Substantial quantities of resources are established in Uttarakhand (71%), followed
by Rajasthan (16%) and Tamil Nadu (10%). Resources are also located in Andhra Pradesh, Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka and Kerala. Occurrences of magnesite in Tamil Nadu are low in
lime and high in silica, whereas those of Uttarakhand are high in lime and low in silica.

Manganese ore: The total resources of manganese ore in the country as on 1.04.2013 are placed at 584
million tonnes as per UNFC system. Out of these, 204 million tonnes are reserves category and the
balance about 380 million tonnes are in the remaining resources category. Grade-wise, ferro-manganese
grade accounts for 5%, medium grade 8%, BF grade 26% and the remaining 61% are of mixed, low,
others, unclassified, and not known grades including 0.24 million tonnes of battery/chemical grade. State-
wise, Odisha tops the total resources with 36% share followed by Madhya Pradesh 27%, Karnataka 16%,
Maharashtra & Goa (6% each), Andhra Pradesh 3% and Jharkhand (2%). Rajasthan, Gujarat and West
Bengal together shared the remaining about 4% resources.

Mica: Most important mica-bearing pegmatites occur in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra
and Rajasthan. Occurrences of mica pegmatites are also reported from Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka,
Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. As per UNFC, the total resources of mica in the country as
on 1.4.2010 are estimated at 532,237 tonnes out of which 190,741 tonnes are placed under reserves
category and 341,496 tonnes under remaining resources category. Andhra Pradesh leads with 41% share
in country's total resources followed by Rajasthan (21%), Odisha (20%), Maharashtra (15%), Bihar (2%)
and balance (less than 1%) in Jharkhand.

Quartz & silica minerals: As per the UNFC system as on 1.4.2010, the total resources of quartz and
silica sand in the country are estimated at 3,499 million tonnes out of which 12% i.e. 429 million tonnes
are placed under reserves category, while 88% i.e. 3,070 million tonnes are placed under remaining
resources category. Resources by grades reflect foundry & moulding grade as 19%, glass grade 14%,
ceramic & pottery grade 11% and ferrosilicon grade as 5%. The unclassified, others, sodium silicate and
not-known grades account for about 51% of the total resources. Haryana alone accounts for about 52%
resources, followed by Rajasthan (9.5%), Tamil Nadu (6.5%), Andhra Pradesh (6%), Maharashtra (5%),
Jharkhand (4.5%) and Karnataka and Gujarat (3% each).

Rock Phosphate: The total resources of rock phosphate as per UNFC system as on 1.4.2013 are placed at
314.51 million tonnes. Out of these, the reserves constitute only 65.39 million tonnes. There are 249.12
million tonnes remaining resources. Of the total resources, 34% are in Jharkhand, 31% in Rajasthan, 18%
in Madhya Pradesh and 8% each in Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand. Meagre resources are located in Gujarat
and Meghalaya. Grade wise, low grade account for 38%, followed by beneficiable (27%), blendable &
soil reclamation (11% each), chemical fertilizer (7%) and unclassified and not-known grades (about 6%).

30
Talc/steatite/soapstone: As per the UNFC system, the total reserves/resources of talc/steatite/soapstone
as on 1.4.2010 is estimated at 269 million tonnes of which reserves and remaining resources are 90
million tonnes and 179 million tonnes, respectively. Substantial quantities of resources are established in
Rajasthan (49%) and Uttarakhand (29%). The remaining 22% resources are in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,
Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Sikkim and
Tamil Nadu. By grades, Paper & Textile grade accounts for about 22% share in total resources followed
by insecticides (19%) and cosmetics (13%). Resources of ceramic and paint grades are negligible. Others,
Unclassified and Not-known grades account for about 45% Resources.

Tin: Tin occurs in primary as well as secondary (alluvial or placer) forms. Occurrences of tin in primary
as well as secondary forms have been reported from Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Odisha, Rajasthan and West Bengal. However, the only workable
economic deposits in the form of alluvial or placer deposits occur in Bastar and Dantewada districts of
Chhattisgarh. Tin in primary form as disseminations in the gneisses and schists of Koraput district,
Odisha is another source of economic importance.

The total resources of tin ore in the country as per UNFC system, as on 1.4.2013 are placed at
83.73 million tonnes containing about 102,275 tonnes of metal. About 6,973 tonnes ore containing
1,181tonnes of metal are placed under 'reserves' category and the bulk i.e. about 83.72 million tonnes
containing about 101,093 tonnes metal are placed under 'remaining resources' category. The entire ore
reserves are located in Chhattisgarh. About, 64% of total ore resources are located in Haryana and 36% in
Chhattisgarh, while nominal resources are estimated in Odisha.

Tungsten: The total resources of tungsten ore in the country, as per UNFC system, as on 1.4.2013 has
been estimated at 87.39 million tonnes with WO3 content of 1,42,094 tonnes. All these resources are
placed under 'remaining resources' category.

Resources of Tungsten bearing minerals are mainly distributed in Karnataka (42%), Rajasthan
(27%), Andhra Pradesh (17%) and Maharashtra (9%). The remaining 5% resources are in Haryana, Tamil
Nadu, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.

At Degana, Rajasthan, WO3 value in vein deposits varies from 0.25 to 0.54% while in gravel
deposit, it is on an average of 0.04%. In Sirohi deposit, Rajasthan, WO3 content ranges from 0.02 to 2.2%.
In West Bengal, Bankura deposit contains an average of 0.1% WO3. In Kuhi-Khobana-Agargaon belt,
GSI has identified seven mineralised zones in Sakoli basin in Bhandara and Nagpur districts,
Maharashtra. The analysis showed 0.01 to 0.19% WO3 in Kuhi block, 0.13 to 0.38% WO3 in Khobana
block and 0.48% WO3 in Pardi-Dahegaon-Pipalgaon block. The deposit contains an average of 0.17%

31
WO3. Gold ore at Mysore mine of BGML in Karnataka has been reckoned as a potential source of
scheelite. The tailing dumps at Kolar Gold Fields contain about 0.035 to 0.18% WO3.

Other Minerals: Other minerals occurring in significant quantities in India are bentonite (Rajasthan,
Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand and Jammu & Kashmir), corundum (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Chhattisgarh), calcite (Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, Haryana, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat), Fuller’s Earth (Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh,
Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka), garnet (Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Andhra
Pradesh, Rajasthan and Kerala), pyrites (Bihar, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal
and Andhra Pradesh), wollastonite (Rajasthan and Gujarat) and zircon (beach sands of Kerala, Tamil
Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa). Besides, the country has vast marble, slate and sandstone deposits.
Granite is mainly mined in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan; marble in
Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh; slate in Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh; and sandstone in
Rajasthan.

10.0 DISTRIBUTION OF MINING LEASES IN COUNTRY

India is well-endowed with a wide variety of naturally occurring minerals. These are being
exploited to cater to the needs of domestic mineral-based industries as well as to meet export demands to
earn foreign exchange. Today, as many as 64 minerals (excluding coal, atomic and some minor minerals)
are being exploited in the country.

India has a total geographical area of 328.73 million hectares. Of this, the mining lease area
(excluding for fuel, atomic and minor minerals) constitutes around 0.14%. As per directory of Mining
leases as on 31.03.2014, there were as many as 10,982 mining leases in the country covering 64 minerals
(excluding fuel, atomic and minor minerals) with a total area of 454,706 hectares spreading over 24
States. Out of the total mining leases in the country, 441 (4%) mining leases are in Public Sector,
extending over an area of about 1,26,862.19 hectares (28%). The remaining 10,541 (96%) mining leases
with an area of about 3,27,843.96 hectares (72%) are in Private Sector.

10.1 State wise analysis

As per the Lease Directory as on 31.3.2014, there were 10,982 mining leases granted by State
Governments for 64 different minerals, covering an area of 4,54,706 hectares in the country. The state in
which maximum number of mining leases as on 31.03.2.14 exist were Rajasthan (30.10%) followed by
Andhra Pradesh (14.28%), Gujarat (10.02%), Madhya Pradesh (9.11%), Tamil Nadu (8.48%), Karnataka
(4.96%), Telengana (4.28%), Odisha (4.20%), Chhattisgarh (2.73%), Jharkhand (2.57%), Goa (2.43%)
and Maharashtra (2.37%). These twelve States together account for about 95.53% of the total leases

32
executed and the remaining twelve States where such leases were executed accounted for about 4.47% of
the total mining leases.

The maximum area in percentage covered under mining leases in different States were Rajasthan
(18.50%) followed by Odisha (16.18%), Karnataka (10.48%), Andhra Pradesh (10.28%), Madhya
Pradesh (7.23%), Jharkhand (6.67%), Gujarat (6.52%), Chhattisgarh (4.85%), Goa (4.37%), Maharashtra
(3.40%), Telengana (3.24%), Haryana (2.41%) and Tamil Nadu (2.15%). These thirteen States account
for about 96.30% of the total mining lease area granted and the remaining 3.70% is accounted for by the
rest eleven States.

The State wise no. of mining lease with lease areas as on 31.03.2014 is furnished in Annexure -
VI (A).

10.2 Mineral wise analysis

There are 64 naturally occurring minerals (excluding for fuel, atomic and minor minerals) for
which mining leases exists in the country. The number of leases for minerals specified in schedule I to
MMDR Act 1957 (prior to MMDR amendment Act 2015) were 1,403 or 13% of the total mining leases
accounting for an area of about 1,67,944.57 hectares which is 37% of the total mining area in the
country. Out of these, the total number of mining leases of iron ore is placed at (664) followed by Bauxite
(339), Manganese ore (308), Chromite (34), Gold ore (16), Copper ore (14) and Lead & Zinc (12)
covering together area of 1,66,470.47 hectares. Asbestos and precious stone (Diamond, Ruby and
Saphire) accounted for 16 mining lease with an area of 1,474.1 hectares.

There are 9,579 (87% of the total) mining leases for minerals other than specified in schedule I to
MMDR Act 1957 (prior to MMDR amendment Act 2015) covering an area of about 2,86,761 hectares
which is 63% of the total lease area.

The Mineral wise no. of mining lease with lease areas as on 31.03.2014 is furnished in Annexure – VI
(B).

Area-wise distribution of Mining Leases all over India pertaining to all minerals excluding fuel,
atomic and minor minerals is given in following Table.

33
 Area Wise Distribution of Mining Lease* as on 31/03/2014 (All India)

Frequency Group Number of Mining % of Total Area % of Total

(Area in Hect.) Leases Leases (in Hects) Area
All Groups 10982 100% 455706.15 100%
0 to 10 7411 67% 29996.98 7%
10 to 20 949 9% 13872.22 3%
20 to 50 1098 10% 35595.39 8%
50 to 100 718 7% 53203.79 12%
100 to 200 363 3% 50438.05 11%
200 to 500 257 2% 81573.53 18%
Above 500 186 2% 190026.19 42%
* Excluding fuel, atomic & minor minerals

11.0 MINERAL PRODUCTION

Mineral Production

During 2014-15, Mineral production was reported from 33 States/Union Territories (actual
reporting of MCDR & fuel minerals from 23 states and estimation of minor minerals for all 32
States/Union Territories) of which the bulk of value of mineral production of about 94.18% was confined
to 13 States (including off shore areas) only. Offshore areas are in leading position, in terms of estimated
value of mineral production in the country and had the share of 20.27% in the national output. Next in
order was Rajasthan with a share of 11.49% followed by Gujarat (8.85%), Andhra Pradesh (8.25%),
Chhattisgarh (7.48%), Jharkhand (7.37%), Odisha (6.38%), Maharashtra (5.35%), Madhya Pradesh
(4.70%), West Bengal (4.32%), Assam (4.04%), Karnataka (2.96%) and Uttar Pradesh (2.72%) in the
total value of mineral production. Remaining States and Union Territories having individual share of less
than 2.5% all together accounted for remaining of total value during the year under review.

State-wise analysis revealed that during 2014-15, the value of mineral production have shown a
mixed trend as compared to that in the previous year. The states which have indicated an increase in the
value of mineral production are Tripura (14.3%), Karnataka (1.6%), Bihar (6.6%), Himachal Pradesh
(16.5%), Meghalaya (61.6%), Uttar Pradesh (0.8%) and Chhattisgarh (0.7%). However, some of the
principal mineral producing states revealed decrease in value of mineral production and those include
Odisha (25.8%), Arunachal Pradesh (18.3%), Andhra Pradesh (8.8%), Tamil Nadu (8.4%), Jharkhand
(4.6%), Assam (3.4%), Madhya Pradesh (3.3%), Gujarat (3.2%), West Bengal (2.8%), Rajasthan (2.3%),
Maharashtra (1.7%), Goa (1.0%), Jammu & Kashmir (0.7%) and Off-shore (0.3%).

During 2013-14, the Public Sector continued to play a dominant role in mineral production
accounting for 67.91% or Rs. 1,53,250 crore in the total value. Small mines, which were mostly in the
private sector, continued to be operated manually either as proprietary or partnership ventures. The
minerals which were wholly mined / recovered by the public/joint sector in 2013-14 were Copper ore and
34
concentrate, Diamond, Dunite, Fluorite (graded), Selenite and Sulphur. By and large, almost the entire
production of Sand (others), Lignite and Gypsum was from Public Sector. In 2013-14, the Public Sector
accounted for sizeable 84% production of coal, 95% of Tin concentrate, 68% of Petroleum (crude), 99%
of Gold, 87% of Phosphorite and 58% of Magnesite.

11.1 Metallic Minerals

The value of metallic minerals in 2013-14 at Rs. 42,654 crore decreased by about 1.19% over the
previous year. Among the principal metallic minerals, iron ore contributed Rs. 32,031 crore or 75.10%,
zinc concentrate 2,742 or 6.43%, manganese ore Rs. 1,499 crore or 3.51%, chromite Rs. 2,318 crore or
5.43%, bauxite Rs. 951 crore or 2.23%, copper (concentrate) Rs. 680 crore or 1.59%, silver Rs. 1578
crore or 3.70%, gold Rs. 423 crore or 0.99%, while the remaining was shared by lead concentrate and tin
concentrates. Mineral wise production and value for MCDR minerals during 2009-10 to 2013-14 is given
in Annexure VII.

The production of iron ore at about 152.43 million tonnes in 2013-14 registered an increase of
11.58% over the previous year. About 39% of the total production was shared by Public Sector
Companies like NMDC, SAIL and Orissa Mining Corporation (OMC) etc. The share of Private Sector
was 61% which includes Tata Steel (TISCO). During the year Odisha was the leading producer of Iron
Ore accounting for 50% of the total production followed by Chhattisgarh (20%), Jharkhand (15%),
Karnataka (12%) and remaining (3%) production was reported from Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra and Rajasthan.

The production of copper concentrate was at 139 thousand tonnes in 2013-14 increased by about
12% as compared to the previous year. The average metal content in copper concentrate was 23.11% Cu.

The production of chromite was at 2,853 thousand tonnes in 2013-14 increased by 0.67% as
compared to the previous year. Odisha reported almost entire output of chromite (99.96%) in the country.
Mining of chromite was mostly dominated by six principal producers, namely TATA STEEL, Odisha
Mining Corporation (OMC), Indian Metal & Ferro Alloys Ltd (IMFAL), Ferro Alloys Corporation Ltd
(FACOR), Balasore Alloys Ltd. and Jindal Stainless Limited (JSL). Three public sector companies,
namely OMC, Mysore Mineral Limited (MML) and Industrial Development Corporation of Odisha
Limited (IDCOL) having 4 mines together reported 24 % of the total production and the remaining 76 %
was contributed by private sector mines.

The production of manganese ore at 2,588 thousand tonnes in 2013-14 increased by about 11%
compared to that in the previous year. Manganese Ore India Limited (MOIL) continued to be the largest
producer of manganese ore with a share of 44% of the total production in 2013-14 followed by Tata Steel

35
(13%), Odisha Mines & Mineral Limited (OM&ML) (6%), RBSSDP (6%) & ML Rungta (4%). Of the
total production of manganese ore in 2013-14, Madhya Pradesh contributed 29.82%, Maharashtra
25.66%, Odisha 25.52%, Andhara Pradesh 13.28% and the remaining production was from Karnataka,
Goa, Jharkhand and Rajasthan.

The production of primary gold at 1,564 kg (excluding by-product gold recovery from imported
concentrates) in 2013-14 registered decrease of about 2% as compared to the previous year. Karnataka
was the leading producer of gold accounting for 99.49% of the total production. The remaining
production was reported from Jharkhand.

The production of bauxite at 21.67 million tonnes in 2013-14 increased by 30.43% compared to
the previous year. NALCO, HINDALCO, Bombay Minerals, Prabhu Das Vitthal Das and Utkkal
Alumina Industrial Ltd. are the major companies engaged in the mining of bauxite in the country in 2013-
14.Odisha accounted for 35.24% of the total production of bauxite during 2013-14 followed by Gujarat
32.41%, Jharkhand 10.53% and Maharashtra 9.51%, Chhattisgarh 6.07%, Madhya Pradesh 3.38%. The
remaining production was reported from Goa, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.

During 2013-14, the production of lead concentrate at 194 thousand tonnes increased by 5.4%
and that of zinc concentrate at 1,491 thousand tonnes also decreased by 0.1% over the previous year.
Average metal content in lead concentrate was 56.48% Pb and that in zinc concentrate was 51.65% Zn.
Rajasthan accounted for the entire production of lead concentrate and zinc concentrate during 2013-14.

11.2 Non-Metallic Minerals

The value of production of nonmetallic minerals at Rs. 6,924.42 crore during 2013-14 decreased
by 7.24% as compared to the previous year. Limestone retained its leading position by contributing
67.73% of the total value of non-metallic minerals in 2013-14. The other non-metallic minerals in the
order of importance were phosphorite/rock phosphate (6.34%), barytes (5.21%), dolomite (3.72%),
gypsum (2.00%), kaolin (1.67%), garnet (abrasive) (1.38%), ball clay (1.30%), talc/ soapstone/steatite
(1.31%) and Silica Sand (1.25%). The remaining was from other non-metallic minerals. Mineral wise
production and value for MCDR minerals during 2009-10 to 2013-14 is given in Annexure VII.

The production of limestone at 279 million tonnes in 2013-14 decreased by 2.1% as compared to
that in the previous year. As much as 86.95% of the total output in 2013-14 was contributed by seven
principal States; viz, Andhra Pradesh (21.29%), Rajasthan (20.21%), Madhya Pradesh (13.24%), Gujarat
(8.35%),Tamil Nadu (8.60%), Karnataka (7.70%) and Chhattisgarh (7.56%). The remaining 13.05% of
the total production was shared by other limestone producing states. About 49% of total production was
reported by principal producers, namely, Ultra Tech Cement Limited (15%) Jaiprakash Associates

36
Limited (7%), Ambuja Cement and ACC Limited (6% each), Shree Cement Limited (5% each) The India
Cement Limited (4%), Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd. and The Ramco Cement Limited (3% each).

The production of phosphorite/rock phosphate at 1,384 thousand tonnes decreased by 28.70% in

2013-14 as compared to the previous year. The 87% production was from Public Sector. Jhamarkotra
mine of Rajasthan State Mines & Minerals Ltd. (RSMML) alone accounted for 77% of the total
production in India and the entire production of Rajasthan during 2013-14. Madhya Pradesh contributed
the remaining 10.20% of the production.

The production of dolomite at 7,109 thousand tonnes in 2013-14 registered 1.73% decrease as
compared to the preceding year. Steel Authority of India Ltd. is the major producer of dolomite
accounting 15% of total production followed by the Rastriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. 7%, South West Mining
6%, Bisra Stone & lime Co. Ltd. 4% and Commercial Stone Supply Co. 4% during 2013-14. Chhattisgarh
(36.50%), Andhra Pradesh (19.37%), and Odisha (9.25%), Karnataka (9.01%), were the principal
producing States of dolomite. The remaining 25.87% was contributed by five states during the year,
namely, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Jharkhand and Maharashtra.

The production of kaolin in 2013-14 was at 4,753 thousand tonnes increased by 11.60% as
compared to that in the previous year. Nearly 64.82% of total output of kaolin in 2013-14 was reported
from Gujarat followed by Rajasthan (16.96%), by Kerala (14.99%) and West Bengal (1.90%) while
remaining (1.33%) was contributed jointly by Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka and Madhya
Pradesh.

The Production of gypsum at 2,930 thousand tonnes in 2013-14 registered a decrease of 17.62%
as compared to the previous year. By and large, the entire production of gypsum was reported from
Rajasthan (98.81%). The remaining 1.19% was from Jammu & Kashmir, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. Two
Public Sector Companies namely, RSMML and Fertilizer Corporation of India Ltd. accounted for almost
the entire production.

The production of talc/soapstone/steatite in 2013-14 was at 865 thousand tonnes a decrease by

about 10.95% over the previous year. Rajasthan, the principal State accounted for 82.96% of the total
production in 2013-14. Five principal producers contributed nearly 61% of the total production of steatite.
They are Associated Soapstone Distributing Co. (P) Ltd. (25%), Udaipur Mineral Development Syndicate
(P) Ltd. (24%), Rajasthan Minerals & Company (5%), Ratanlal Deedwaniya (4%), and Katiyar Mining &
Indl. Corpn. (3%).

The production of magnesite was at 195 thousand tonnes during 2013-14 decreased by 13.05% as
compared to the previous year.

37
11.3 Minor Minerals

The value of production of minor minerals was estimated at Rs. 52,490 crore in 2013-14. Andhra
Pradesh with share of 23.5% in the value of minor minerals produced in the country occupied the top
position. Gujarat was at second place had a share of 23.0% in the value of minor minerals. Next in the
order was Maharashtra 14.6%, Rajasthan 12.9%, Uttar Pradesh 7.6%, Kerala 5.9%, Karnataka 3.9%,
Madhya Pradesh 3.7% and Goa 1.6 percent. The contribution of remaining states and UTs was less than
one percent each.

Item-wise analysis revealed that road metals had the largest share of 38.7% to the value of minor
minerals followed by building stone 21.9%, ordinary sand 16.5%, brick-earth 5.2%, marble and gravel
3.1% each, murrum 2.2%, kankar and limestone 2.1% each, quartzite & sand stone 1.5%, ordinary earth
1.3 percent. The individual share of remaining minerals was less than 1.0% which together contributed
2.3 % of value of minor minerals.

12.0 CONSUMPTION OF MINERALS AND MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES

Minerals or ores are the basic raw materials to many important industries like power generation
(thermal), iron & steel, cement, petroleum & natural gas, fertilisers, precious & semi-precious
metals/stones, chemical, electrical & electronics equipment, glass and ceramics etc. Comprehensive
information about minerals and mineral based industries, collected through statutory as well as non-
statutory sources, is depicted in Indian Mineral Yearbook (IMYB), a flagship publication of Indian
Bureau of Mines.

End-use mineral consumption is utilization of minerals for specific industry with particular
reference to the emerging technology and production of mineral based products. To manufacture different
mineral based products, principal chemical constituents and also deleterious and toxic elements are taken
into account, (i.e. same mineral finds it use to manufacture different products according to its grade).

IBM compiles the industrial consumption of ores/minerals reported by consuming units in

organized sectors annually. The collection of data on consumption and other aspects is through
correspondence with about 3500 sources, mostly mineral based industries on statutory/non-statutory
basis. After scrutiny, clarification and analysis of data received, the estimation is made wherever
necessary into the data base and three year consumption data table (industry wise), are generated for
„Indian Mineral Yearbook‟.

In the year 2011, Ministry of mines notified the amended Rule 45 of MCDR, 1988. As per Rule
45, the owner, agent, mining engineer or manager of every mine, or any person engaged in trading or

38
storage or end-use or export of minerals mined in the country, shall cause himself to be registered with
the Indian Bureau of Mines, as per application in Form-M, the status of registration as on 31.08.2013 is as
follows :

Activity No. of Registrations

Trader 4782
Exporter 817
Storage 1565
End-User 3076

Further, under Rule 45(6), any person or company engaged in trading or storage or end-use or
export of minerals, should submit the Annual and Monthly Return to Indian Bureau of Mines and
concerned State Government as well. Presently, Indian Bureau of Mines has developed and launched
software on IBM‟s portal to submit the online information in Annual and Monthly Returns.

The consumption of important mineral during 2011-12 to 2013-14 is given in Annexure VIII.
The Consumption pattern in respect of some of the major minerals is summarized as under -

12.1 BAUXITE

Bauxite is an essential ore of aluminium metal, as also an industrial mineral finding application in
refractory, cement, chemical and abrasive industries. The country has abundant resources of bauxite to
meet domestic and export demand. Bauxite is mainly consumed in Alumina/aluminium Industry for
extracting aluminium metal i.e about 94% of total bauxite consumed in the country, followed by 4% in
Cement industry, 2% in Refractory and other industries.

12.2 IRON

Iron ore is mainly used for manufacturing of pig iron, sponge iron and steel. It is also used in
cement, coal washeries, ferro-alloys, foundry, vanaspati and glass industries. Almost 98% of the iron ore
consumed in iron & steel industry (including sponge iron). The remaining 2% is consumed in alloy steel;
ferro-alloys, cement etc. Coal washery industry mainly consumes magnetite form of iron ore.

12.3 CHROMITE

The chromite mineral is the only commercial source of chromium. In metallurgy, chromite is
mainly used in the manufacture of ferro-chrome, sillico-chrome, charge-chrome and chromium metal.
Chromium imparts additional strength, hardness and toughness to its alloys. It also shows resistance to
corrosion to steel abrasion, reduces oxidation and flow of electricity.

Chrome ore has wide range of uses in metallurgical, foundry, chemical and refractory industries,
but its demand is primarily driven by the metallurgical industry which consumes about 94% of the
39
chromite ore in the country. In addition to above, chromite in substantial quantities is also consumed in
Foundry (3%), refractory industry (2%) and Chemical (1%).

12.4 MANGANESE ORE

Manganese in alloy form is an essential input in steel making and is one of the most important
metals in an industrial economy, where it is used both in the ore form as such and as ferro-manganese.
Manganese improves strength, toughness, hardness and workability of steel. Manganese dioxide is used
for manufacturing dry cell batteries in which it functions as a depolariser of hydrogen. In chemical
industry, generally high-grade material is used for potassium permanganate. Manganese ores of major
commercial importance are: pyrolusite, psilomelane, Manganite and braunite.

About 94% ore is consumed by alloys industries 64% in Silico-manganese & 30% in ferro-
Manganese. The iron & steel industry consumes about 6% of managense. The remaining was shared by
battery, chemical, zinc smelter, alloy steel and glass industries

12.5 ROCK PHOSPHATE

Phosphate rock is used primarily as a plant nutrient, either by direct application to the soil as a
powdered product or in the manufacture of superphosphate, triple superphosphate, or diammonium
phosphate (DAP) fertilizers. Elemental phosphorus and phosphoric chemicals derived from phosphate
rock are also used in detergents, insecticides, matches, fireworks, military smoke screens, incendiary
bombs.

About 95% of the Apatite and Rock Phosphate is consumed in the fertilizer industry, as it is the
main source of phosphate nutrients for plants. The remaining consumption of apatite and Rock phosphate
is in chemical, glass, sugar and iron & steel industry, which is meager.

12.6 DOLOMITE

The rock containing 40-45% MgCO3 is usually called dolomite. It is grouped under flux and
construction minerals and is important for iron & steel and ferro-alloys industries.

Dolomite is consumed by iron & steel, ferro-alloys, fertilizer, glass, alloy steel and other
industries. Iron & steel industry was the major consumer of dolomite accounting more than 80%,
followed by sponge iron (about 8%) and cement & ferro-alloys (about 2% each). The remaining quantity
are consumed by other industries, such as alloy steel, glass, fertilizer, paint, refractory, etc.

40
12.7 MAGNESITE

It is a carbonate of magnesium. The major proportion of magnesite mined is used for conversion
in calcined form which finds many applications. The other industries where raw magnestite is used are
mosaic tiles, electrodes, chemicals and manufacture of magnesium metal. Magnesite is also used in
fertilizers and by food processing industry. It is an important mineral for the manufacture of basic
refractories, which could be largely used in the steel industry.

About 75% consumption was reported for calcination purposes followed by 18% by refractory
purposes (including iron and steel plants). The remaining was consumed by chemical industry, glass
industry, paper etc.

12.8 LIMESTONE

Limestone often contains magnesium carbonate, either as dolomite CaMg(CO3) or magnesite

(MgCO3) mixed with calcite. Cement is the major consuming industry accounted for 93% consumption
followed by iron & Steel industry (4%). The remaining consumption is reported in chemical foundry,
sugar, and paper and glass industry.

13.0 FOREIGN TRADE

13.1 EXPORTS

13.1.1 Ores & Minerals:

The value of exports of Ores & minerals at Rs. 1,78,077 crore in the year 2014-15 registered an
decrease of 8.58% as compared to that of about Rs. 1,94,783 crore in the previous year. Diamond (Total)
continued to be the largest constituent item with a share of 83.17% i.e Rs. 1,48,102 in the total value of
mineral exports in 2014-15. Next in the order of share was granite with a contribution of 5.52% followed
by alumina (1.85%) and Iron ore (1.80%). The individual share of remaining minerals in the total value
of exports of ores and minerals from India during the year under review was less than 1%. The value of
exports showed a mixed trend for most of the minerals in 2014-15 as compared to that in the previous
year.

The quantity of exports of other minerals which showed a significant increased are Asbestos,
bauxite, graphite, ball clay, feldspar, lead ores & conc., alumina, diatomite, vermiculite, limestone,
dolomite, etc and decreased are iron ore, coal (excluding lignite), barytes, coke, chromite, manganese ore,
rock phosphate, Zinc ores & Concentrates, Silica sand, copper ores & conc., fluorspar, etc as compared to
that in the previous year. The exports of ores & minerals during 2010-11 to 2014-15 are given as
Annexure – IX (A)
41
13.1.2 Metals & Alloys:

The value of exports of metals & alloys at Rs. 1,67,120 crore in the year 2014-15 registered an
increase of 9.12% as compared to that of Rs. 1,53,156 crore in the previous year. Iron & steel with a share
of 52.01% continued to hold the top position in the total value of metals exported from India in 2014-15.
Copper & alloys (including brass and bronze) is at second place and accounted for 12.31%. Aluminum
alloys including scrap occupied the third place with contribution of 10.40%, followed by Gold (non-
monetary & monetary) at fourth place with a contribution of 10.30%, ferro-alloy at fifth place with a
contribution of 5.97%, nickel & alloys at sixth position with contribution of 3.30%, zinc & alloys
including scrap at seventh position with contribution of 2.25% and precious metals at eighth position with
contribution of 1.50%. The individual share of other remaining metals and alloys was less than one per
cent. As compared to the previous year, the value of exports for different important metals had shown a
mixed trend in 2014-15 over previous year.

The quantity of export of metals & alloys that have shown significant increased are copper &
alloys including scrap, aluminium & alloys including scrap, nickel & alloys, chromium & alloys, zinc &
alloys, titanium & alloys, etc and decreased are pig & cast iron, tin & alloys including scrap, tungsten &
alloys, silver, manganese & alloys, platinum & alloys, magnesium & scrap, etc as compared to that in the
previous year. The exports of metals & alloys during 2010-11 to 2014-15 are given as Annexure – IX (B)

13.2 IMPORTS

13.2.1 Ores and Minerals:

The total value of imports of ores & minerals at Rs. 10,71,689 crore in the year 2014-15
registered an decrease of 11.86% as compared to that of about Rs. 12,15,827 crore in the previous year.
Petroleum (crude) continued to be the largest constituent item with a share of 66.19% in the total value of
mineral imports in 2014-15. Next in order of importance was diamond with a share of 11.68% followed
by coal (excluding lignite) with the contribution of 9.75%, natural gas 5.26%, copper ores & concentrates
2.66%. The individual share of other remaining ores & minerals was less than one per cent.

The quantity of export of ores & minerals that have shown increased are preciuos metal, precious
& semi-precious Stones, coal, iron ore, emerald, manganese ore, tungsten ores & conc., asbestos, bauxite,
gypsum, bentonite, feldspar, wollastonite, vermiculite, magnesite, etc during the year 2014-15 as
compared to that in the previous year. However, the quantity of imports have decreased for copper ores &
conc., coke, alumina, dolomite, titanium ores & conc., silica sand, diatomite, chalk, fire clay etc. during
the year 2014-15 as compared to that in the previous year. The imports of ores & minerals during 2010-11
to 2014-15 are given as Annexure – X (A)

42
13.2.2 Metals & Alloys:

The value of imports of metals & alloys at Rs. 4,01,259 crore showed an increase of 24.86% in
2014-15 as compared to Rs. 3,21,356 crore in the previous year. Gold, non-monetary & monetary (total)
with a share of about 52.50% continued to occupy the top position in the total value of imports of metals
& alloys in 2014-15. Iron & steel was at second place and accounted a share of 23.44%, followed by
Silver occupied the third place with a share of 6.90%, Aluminium and alloys (including scrap) occupied
the fourth place with a share of 5.70%, Copper & alloys (including brass & branze) occupied the fifth
place with a share of 4.9%, Nickel and alloys (including scrap) occupied the sixth place with a share of
2.12% and ferro-alloy occupied the seventh position with a share of 1.19%. The individual share of
remaining metals & alloys was less than one per cent of the total value of metals & alloys of imports.

During the year 2014-15, the quantity of imports of metals and alloys which have shown
increased are gold (non-monetory & monetory), iron & steel, nickel & alloys including scrap, ferro-
alloys, zinc & alloys including scrap, titanium & alloys, etc as compared to the previous year and On the
other hand, during 2014-15, the quantity of imports of metals and alloys that has shown a decreased are
tin & alloys including scrap, tungsten & alloys including scrap, zirconium & alloys, etc as compared to
the previous year. The imports of metals & alloys during 2010-11 to 2014-15 are given as Annexure – X
(B).

****

43
 Annexure – I

Production of selected Minerals, 2010-11 to 2014-15 (E)

(Value in Rs. crores)

44
 (Value in Rs. crores)

45
 Annexure - II

Minerals wise no. of reporting mines for MCDR Minerals

(in numbers)
Mineral 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14(P)
Bauxite 197 193 172 178 163
Chromite 22 21 22 25 26
Copper Ore 0 0 0 0 0
Copper Conc. 4 4 4 5 5
Gold Ore 0 0 0 0 0
Gold 4 4 4 4 4
Iron Ore 320 336 313 310 298
Lead Conc. 7 6 6 8 8
Manganese Ore 142 149 155 172 153
Tin Conc. 5 6 6 6 6
Agate 1 1 1 1 1
Apatite 2 2 2 2 2
Phosphorite 7 7 5 5 3
Asbestos 5 5 5 5 4
Ball Clay 39 40 57 48 49
Barytes 11 8 12 21 21
Calcite 2 4 3 8 6
Chalk 128 129 128 114 103
Clay (others) 18 13 35 51 54
Corundum 0 0 0 2 0
Diamond 2 2 2 2 2
Diaspore 0 0 0 0 0
Dolomite 123 136 194 197 173
Dunite 1 1 1 1 1
Felspar 72 85 123 212 234
Fireclay 51 60 82 74 52
Felsite 6 6 3 5 3
Fluorite(graded) 3 3 3 2 2
Flint Stone 2 2 2
Garnet (abrasive) 66 64 67 58 67
Graphite (r.o.m.) 32 24 21 16 11
Gypsum 27 30 38 37 39
Iolite 1 2 2 2 2
Jasper 0 0 0 0 0
Kaolin 92 81 105 145 158
Kyanite 4 5 3 4 3
Sillimanite 4 4 4 5 5
Laterite 23 23 53 69 61
Limestone 565 592 719 778 717
Lime Kankar 3 2 4 4 2
Limeshell 6 6 6 6 6
Magnesite 8 10 11 15 14
Mica (crude) 32 32 35 36 38
Ochre 21 30 43 39 38
Pyrophyllite 33 30 34 35 37

46
 Mineral 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14(P)
Pyroxenite 3 3 3 4 2
Quartz 92 100 207 308 251
Quartzite 14 13 24 34 28
Silica Sand 132 122 149 170 136
Moulding Sand 1 3 5
Sand (others) 12 14 11 11 16
Salt (rock) 1 1 0 0 0
Shale 3 2 6 8 10
Slate 0 0 0 1 1
Steatite 126 123 138 141 111
Selenite 3 3 3 3 2
Vermiculite 5 5 5 8 8
Wollastonite 2 3 4 3 4
(P): Provisional; Source: MCDR returns.
Note : The Reporting mine is defined as, "a mine reporting production or reporting 'Nil' production during a
year but engaged in developmental work such as overburden removal, underground driving, winzing, sinking
work; exploration by pitting, trenching or drilling as evident from the MCDR Returns".

47
 Annexure - III (A)

State wise Average Daily Employment*

(in numbers)
State 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14(P)
ANDHRA PRADESH 10460 12831 7872
ASSAM 110 147 71
BIHAR 257 275 150
CHHATTISGARH 10254 11213 10714
GOA 7626 5810 3093
GUJARAT 6635 8635 7295
HARYANA 0 5 2
HIMACHAL PRADESH 711 622 570
JAMMU & KASHMIR 111 167 127
JHARKHAND 12769 11235 9917
KARNATAKA 13113 10809 10699
KERALA 2123 2396 2439
MADHYA PRADESH 14317 12682 11556
MAHARASHTRA 4971 5387 5402
MEGHALAYA 588 601 478
ORISSA 32853 33654 31358
RAJASTHAN 14575 15761 18741
TAMIL NADU 6532 7196 7112
TELANGANA - - 2355
UTTAR PRADESH 941 964 465
UTTARAKHAND 1508 1694 595
WEST BENGAL 677 649 444
Total 141131 142733 131455
(P): Provisional; Source: MCDR returns;
* : (excluding fuel, atomic & minor minerals)

48
 Annexure – III (B)

Mineral wise Average Daily Employment*

(in numbers)
Mineral 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14(P)
Bauxite 8178 7851 7684 7410 6668
Chromite 6735 6862 6845 6761 6097
Copper Conc. 2611 2712 2774 2898 2892
Gold 3210 3150 3100 3204 3361
Iron Ore 43557 46183 46752 42645 38228
Lead Conc. 3859 3408 3980 4665 6814
Manganese Ore 13806 14117 14587 15550 14396
Tin Conc. 44 53 47 39 30
Agate 3 12 13 9 14
Apatite 271 195 196 187 125
Phosphorite 1236 1554 1408 1163 1285
Asbestos 71 57 44 43 38
Ball Clay 363 422 771 527 594
Barytes 507 617 606 900 932
Calcite 24 49 44 97 61
Chalk 1294 1264 1389 1376 1142
Clay (others) 179 93 279 461 588
Corundum 0 0 0 35 0
Diamond 167 163 167 180 159
Dolomite 2554 3047 3426 3986 3412
Dunite 3 3 7 5 9
Felspar 686 793 973 1987 2168
Fireclay 548 553 906 777 500
Felsite 41 30 22 40 10
Fluorite(graded) 123 113 104 86 60
Flint Stone 7 7 6
Garnet (abrasive) 4091 3484 3507 3269 3299
Garnet (gem) 0 0 0 0 0
Graphite (r.o.m.) 454 313 316 346 180
Gypsum 294 323 334 375 389
Iolite 221 214 107 32 40
Kaolin 2226 2078 2347 2818 2431
Kyanite 115 127 56 55 38
Sillimanite 2066 1790 1683 1767 2026
Laterite 379 300 625 971 884
Limestone 21006 20031 23138 22615 21133
Lime Kankar 29 21 31 20 15
Limeshell 369 361 517 568 547
Magnesite 899 899 777 964 800
Mica (crude) 403 405 389 451 440
Ochre 287 402 454 509 384
Pyrophyllite 1200 1324 1277 1610 1172
Pyroxenite 129 127 155 200 29
Quartz 751 1075 2007 3113 2464
Quartzite 285 226 562 830 591
Silica Sand 2392 2191 2358 2902 1878
49
 Mineral 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14(P)
Moulding Sand 7 22 35
Salt (rock) 24 22 0 0 0
Shale 13 5 28 32 52
Slate 0 0 0 5 2
Steatite 3731 3748 3894 3685 2526
Selenite 26 33 36 30 11
Vermiculite 69 75 88 73 103
Wollastonite 325 540 506 433 397
(P): Provisional; Source: MCDR returns
* : (excluding fuel, atomic & minor minerals)

50
 Annexure-IV (A)

Contribution and Rank of India in World Production of Principal Minerals & Metals, 2013

Commodity Unit of Production Contribution India’s rank

quantity World India* (percentage) in order of
quantum of
production
Fuel minerals
Coal & lignite Million tonnes 7906 612 7.7 3rd
Petroleum Million tonnes 4425 38 1 25th
Metallic minerals
Bauxite „000 tonnes 296000 21666 7.3 5th
Chromite „000 tonnes 28800 2853 9.9 2nd
Iron ore Million tonnes 3157 152 4.8 4th
Manganese ore „000 tonnes 52800 2588 4.9 6th
Industrial minerals
Barytes „000 tonnes 8400 1137 13.5 2nd
Kyanite, Andalusite/ „000 tonnes 501# 64 12.8 4th
sillimanite
Magnesite „000 tonnes 46900 195 0.4 12th
Apatite & rock phosphate „000 tonnes 235000 1385 0.6 16th
Talc/steatite/pyrophyllite „000 tonnes 9268 1074 11.6 2nd
Mica (crude) Tonnes 350000 1610 0.5 16th
Metals
Aluminum „000 tonnes 47100 1667 3.5 7th
Copper (refined) „000 tonnes 21000 644 3.0 10th
@
Steel (crude/liquid) Million tonnes 1607 81.54 5.1 4th
Lead (refined) „000 tonnes 10500 123 1.2 15th
Zinc (slab) „000 tonnes 13200 766 5.8 3rd
* Figures relate to 2013-14,
@ JPC bulletin, Kolkota in April, 2014
Source : World Mineral Production, 2009-2013; British Geological Survey.
#: World production for reporting countries.

51
 Annexure-IV (B)

Degree of Self-sufficiency in Principal Minerals & Metals, 2013-14(P)

Sl. Commodity Demand/Domestic Supply/Domestic Order of self-

No. consumption supply sufficiency (%)
(‘000 tonnes) (‘000 tonnes)
Minerals
1 Asbestos (chrysotile) 104 ++ ++
2 Barytes 186 1137 100
3 Bauxite 12021 21666 100
4 Chromite 2622 2853 100
5 Dolomite 6794 7109 100
6 Feldspar 497 1412 100
7 Fireclay 536 707 100
8 Fluorite 63 3 5
9 Gypsum (Natural) 5516 2930 53
10 Iron ore 107879 152433 100
11 Kyanite 3 2 66
12 Limestone & other 270518 278884 1/ 100
calcareous minerals
13 Magnesite 491 195 40
14 Manganese ore 4186 2588 62
15 Rock phosphate 4192 1385 33
(including apatite)
16 Sillimanite 21 62 100
17 Silica minerals 2136 5272 100
18 Sulphur 2005 390 2/ 19
19 Talc/steatite/pyrophyllite 381 1074 100
Metals 3/
20 Aluminium 2308 1667 72
21 Copper (refined) 638 644 100
22 Lead (primary) 233 123 53
23 Zinc (Ingot) 774 766 99
Ferro-alloys 4/
24 Ferro-chrome 287 944 100
25 Ferro-manganese 125 518 100
26 Ferro-silicon 42 90 100
Note: Even in cases where almost entire domestic demand is satisfied by domestic supplies, some quantities of
certain special quality/types of minerals and metals/ferro-alloys are imported to meet the requirement in
certain specific end-uses.
1 / Excludes production of limestone as a minor mineral, calcite and chalk.
2 / Relates to recovery of by-product sulphur from petroleum refineries.
3 / Apparent demand.
4 / Excludes production in small-scale sector.

52
 Annexure - V
MINERAL WISE RESERVES/RESOURCES AS ON 01.04.2010/*2013

Sl. Mineral Unit Reserves Remaining Total Principle states in

No Resources Resources terms of incidence of
resources
I. Metallic Minerals (Ferrous Gp.)
1 Chromite* 000‟ tonnes 107,221 214,530 321,751 Odisha – 96%
2 Iron Ore * 000‟ tonnes 6,606,562 13,969,145 20,575,707 Odisha – 35%,
Haematite Jharkhand- 25%
Chhattisgarh- 20%
3 Iron Ore* 000‟ tonnes 34,592 10,712,763 10,747,355 Karnataka – 73%,
Magnetite A.P.- 14%
4 Manganese 000‟ tonnes 204,510 379,666 584,176 Odisha – 36%,
ore* M.P. – 28%,
Karnataka – 16%
II. Metallic Minerals (Non-Ferrous Gp.)
1 Antimony*
Ore tonnes - 10,588 10,588 H.P. – 100%
Metal - 174 174
2 Bauxite* 000‟ tonnes 830,195 2,908,856 3,739,051 Odisha -53%,
A.P. -16%,
Gujarat – 8%
3 Copper*
Ore 000‟ tonnes 237,573 1,273,445 1,511,018 Rajasthan- 54%,
Jharkhand- 20%,
M.P.- 19%
Metal 2,996.97 9,221.56 12,218.53
4 Lead and zinc*
Ore 000‟ tonnes 102,795 606,248 709,043 Rajasthan – 89%,
A.P.- 3%
Metal Lead 2,114.91 9,888.89 12,003.80
Metal Zinc 10,893.10 24,963.00 35,856.10
Metal Lead 0 140.82 140.82
+Zinc
5 PGM (Metal) tonnes of - 15.7 15.7 Odisha – 90%,
metal content Karnataka – 10%
III. Precious & Semi-precious Minerals
1 Corundum* tonnes 598 267,219 267,816 Karnataka – 65%,
A.P. – 29%
2 Diamond* carats 984,875 30,876,432 31,861,307 M.P.- 90%
3 Garnet tonnes 19,324,793 37,638,032 56,962,824 T.N. – 59%,
A.P. -34%
4 Gold*
Ore (Primary) 14,615,965 480,188,061 494,804,026 Bihar – 45%,
Rajasthan – 24%,
Karnataka – 21%
Metal(Primary) 71.91 568.5 640.41
Ore (Placer) - 26,121,000 26,121,000
Metal (Placer) - 5.86 5.86

53
Sl. Mineral Unit Reserves Remaining Total Principle states in
No Resources Resources terms of incidence of
resources
5 Ruby Kg 236 5,112 5,348 Odisha – 100%
6 Sapphire Kg - 450 450 J & K – 100%
7 Silver*
Ore tonnes 118,281,065 401,288,894 519,569,959 Rajasthan – 88%
Metal 7,907.97 21,880.38 29,788.35
IV. Strategic Minerals
1 Cobalt (Ore)* Million - 44.91 44.91 Odisha – 69%,
tonnes Jharkhand – 20%
2 Molybdenum *
Ore tonnes - 19,371,698 19,371,698 T. N. – 52%,
M.P. – 41%
Contained 12,668.37 12,668.37
MoS2
3 Nickel (Ore)* Million tonnes - 189 189 Odisha – 93%
4 Tin*
Ore tonnes 6,973 83,719,193 83,726,166 Haryana – 64%,
Chhattisgarh – 36%
Metal 1,181.19 101,093.65 102,274.84
5 Titanium tonnes 22,030,223 371,965,694 393,995,917 Kerala- 33%,
minerals T.N.- 30%,
A.P. – 19%
6 Tungsten*
Ore tonnes - 87,387,464 87,387,464 Karnataka- 42%
Rajasthan- 27%
Contained - 142,094.35 142,094.35
WO3
7 Vanadium*
Ore tonnes - 24,633,855 24,633,855 Karnataka – 79%,
Odisha – 20%
Contained - 64,594.01 64594.01
V2O5
V. Fertiliser Minerals
1 Gypsum 000‟ tonnes 39,096 1,247,402 1,286,498 Rajasthan – 82%,
J & K – 14%
2 Apatite* tonnes 30,792 22,630,348 22,661,140 W. Bengal -54%,
Jharkhand-32%
3 Rock tonnes 65,391,551 249,119,998 314,511,549 Jharkhand – 34%,
Phosphate* Rajasthan – 31%
4 Potash Million - 21,816 21,816 Rajasthan – 94%,
tonnes M.P. – 5%
5 Pyrite 000‟ tonnes - 1,674,401 1,674,401 Bihar – 94 %,
Rajasthan – 5%
6 Sulphur 000‟ tonnes - 210 210 J & K – 100%
(Native)
VI. Refractory Minerals
1 Andalusite 000‟ tonnes - 18,450 18,450 Uttar Pradesh -78%,
Jharkhand -22%

54
Sl. Mineral Unit Reserves Remaining Total Principle states in
No Resources Resources terms of incidence of
resources
2 Fire clay 000‟ tonnes 30,104 683,415 713,519 Odisha – 24%,
M.P. 17%,
T.N.- 16 %
3 Graphite* tonnes 8,468,677 180,204,794 188,673,471 Arunachal Pradesh –39%,
J & K -33%,
Jharkhand – 8%
4 Kyanite tonnes 1,574,853 101,670,767 103,245,620 A.P. -79%,
Karnataka- 13%
5 Magnesite* 000‟ tonnes 20,773 307,339 328,111 Uttarakhand – 71%,
Rajasthan – 16%
6 Pyrophyllite tonnes 23,275,451 32,807,451 56,082,902 M.P. -56%,
Odisha -22%,
U.P. -10%
7 Sillimanite tonnes 4,085,052 62,902,385 66,987,437 T.N. – 27%,
Odisha- 20%,
U.P. – 17%
VII . Ceramic and Glass Minerals
1 Ball clay tonnes 16,777,842 66,615,662 83,393,504 A.P. -61%,
Rajasthan – 38%
2 China clay 000‟ tonnes 177,158 2,528,049 2,705,207 Kerala- 25%,
Rajasthan – 16%,
W.B. – 16%
3 Feldspar tonnes 44,503,240 87,832,212 132,335,452 Rajasthan -66%,
A.P. – 16%
4 Quartz/Silica 000‟ tonnes 429,223 3,069,808 3,499,031 Haryana – 52%,
Sand Rajasthan – 10%,
T.N. – 7%
5 Wollastonite tonnes 2,487,122 14,082,751 16,569,873 Rajasthan – 88%,
Gujarat – 12%
VII. Other Industrial Minerals
1 Asbestos tonnes 2,510,841 19,655,762 22,166,603 Rajasthan – 61%,
Karnataka – 37%
2 Barytes tonnes 31,584,128 41,149,746 72,733,874 A.P. - -94%,
Rajasthan – 4%
3 Borax tonnes - 74,204 74,204 J & K – 100 %
4 Calcite tonnes 2,664,338 18,281,110 20,945,448 Rajasthan – 50 %,
A.P. – 42%
5 Chalk 000‟ tonnes 4,332 585 4,917 Gujarat – 100%
6 Diaspore tonnes 2,859,674 3,125,144 5,984,818 M.P. -63%,
U.P. – 37%
7 Diatomite 000‟ tonnes - 2,885 2,885 Rajasthan – 72%,
Gujarat – 28%
8 Dolomite* 000‟ tonnes 783,905 7,300,667 8,084,572 M.P. – 28%, A.P.- 15%
9 Dunite 000‟ tonnes 17,137 168,232 185,369 T.N. – 63%,
Karnataka- 17%
10 Fluorite* tonnes 4,573,348 13,614,193 18,187,541 Gujarat – 66%,
Rajasthan – 29%

55
Sl. Mineral Unit Reserves Remaining Total Principle states in
No Resources Resources terms of incidence of
resources
11 Laterite* 000‟ tonnes 59,898 498,777 558,675 M.P. – 52%,
Rajasthan – 22%,
A.P.- 14%
12 Limestone 000‟ tonnes 14,926,392 170,008,720 184,935,112 Karnataka- 28%,
A.P.- 20%,
Rajasthan -12%
13 Marl tonnes 139,976,150 11,704,870 151,681,020 Gujarat – 100%
14 Mica Kg. 190,741,448 341,495,531 532,236,979 A.P. – 42%,
Rajasthan – 21%,
Odisha – 20%,
Maharashtra – 15%
15 Ochre tonnes 54,942,176 89,319,089 144,261,265 Rajasthan – 81%,
A.P. – 8%,
M.P. – 7%
16 Perlite 000‟ tonnes 428 1,978 2,406 Gujarat – 100%
17 Quartzite 000‟ tonnes 86,599 1,164,649 1,251,248 Haryana – 50%,
Bihar – 22%,
Maharashtra &
Punjab- 7%
18 Rock Salt 000‟ tonnes 16,026 - 16,026 H.P. – 100%
19 Shale 000‟ tonnes 15,331 580 15,911 A.P. -100%
20 Slate 000‟ tonnes 0 2,369 2,369 A.P. – 100 %
21 Talc/Steatite/ 000‟ tonnes 90,026 178,996 269,022 Rajasthan -49%,
Soapstone Uttarakhand – 29%,
Maharashtra – 6 %
22 Vermiculite tonnes 1,704,007 803,003 2,507,010 T.N. – 75%,
A.P. – 14%,
Karnataka – 8%
23 Zircon tonnes 1,347,470 1,786,482 3,133,952 Kerala – 88%,
T.N. -7%,
Odisha – 5%
VIII. Minor Minerals
1 Bentonite tonnes 25,060,508 543,306,838 568,367,346 Rajasthan – 75%, ,
Gujarat - 24%
2 Fullers Earth tonnes 58,200 256,593,879 256,652,079 Rajasthan – 74%,
A.P.- 10%,
Arunachal Pradesh- 8%,
Assam- 7%
3 Granite 000‟ cum 263,692 45,966,608 46,230,300 Karnataka &
(Dimension Rajasthan – 20 %,
Stone) Jharkhand -19%,
Gujarat- 18%
4 Marble 000‟ tonnes 276,495 1,654,968 1,931,463 Rajasthan – 63%,
J & K – 23%,
Gujarat &
Chhattisgarh - 5%
Figures rounded off. * Reserves/resources as on 1-04-2013

56
 Annexure - VI (A)

State Wise Summary of Lease Distribution as on 31/03/2014

State No. of Leases Lease area (Hect.)

Andhra Pradesh 1568 46721.54
Assam 7 889.50
Bihar 9 1382.66
Chhattisgarh 300 22070.85
Goa 267 19892.01
Gujarat 1100 29632.55
Himachal Pradesh 44 2542.39
Haryana 110 10974.99
Jammu & Kashmir 57 2450.93
Jharkhand 282 30344.92
Karnataka 545 47653.07
Kerala 91 3077.84
Manipur 1 132.78
Meghalaya 18 606.19
Madhya Pradesh 1001 32882.58
Maharashtra 260 15454.61
Odisha 461 73594.13
Rajasthan 3306 84140.69
Sikkim 3 96.32
Tamil Nadu 931 9765.52
Telangana 470 14748.46
Uttar Pradesh 23 3964.70
Uttarakhand 83 1272.85
West Bengal 45 414.07
Total 10982 454706.15
Source: Information received from respective state Governments

57
 Annexure – VI (B)

Mineral wise Summary of Lease Distribution as on 31/03/2014

Sl. No. Minerals No. of Leases Area (In Hect.)

1 Agate 3 59.62
2 Amethyst 4 10.63
3 Apatite 2 20.17
4 Asbestos 7 394.74
5 Ball Clay 88 1970.37
6 Barytes 160 2442.58
7 Bauxite 339 28613.60
8 Borax 1 159.00
9 Calcite 73 1223.23
10 Chalk 152 628.91
11 China clay 489 13304.07
12 Chromite 34 8955.19
13 Clay (others) 100 1191.25
14 Copper Ore 14 5324.67
15 Corundum 9 68.25
16 Diamond 2 275.96
17 Diaspore 11 77.38
18 Dolomite 543 7625.84
19 Dunite 1 14.28
20 Epidote 1 5.00
21 Felsite 6 102.29
22 Feldspar 1008 6099.36
23 Fireclay 235 4073.76
24 Flint Stone 2 11.87
25 Fluorite 9 1280.85
26 Garnet 94 1513.53
27 Garnet (Gem) 3 51.03
28 Gold 16 9869.36
29 Graphite 104 3510.60
30 Gypsum 107 14868.49
31 Iolite 11 104.35
32 Iron ore 664 86326.39
33 Jasper 2 10.00
34 Kyanite 33 3138.10
35 Laterite 208 2549.59
36 Lead & Zinc ore 12 6997.28
37 Lime Kankar 7 37.18
38 Limeshell 26 3748.17
39 Limestone 1923 150906.80
40 Magnesite 34 1931.57
41 Manganese ore 308 20383.98
42 Marl 1 4.90
43 Mica 244 4417.21
44 Moulding sand 33 723.51
45 Ochre 157 1939.98
46 Perlite 1 144.88

58
 Sl. No. Minerals No. of Leases Area (In Hect.)
47 Phosphorite 10 2120.90
48 Pyrophyllite 94 1231.23
49 Pyroxenite 11 95.39
50 Quartz 2427 18336.46
51 Quartzite 80 1423.62
52 Ruby 6 130.00
53 Sand (others) 44 3110.06
54 Sapphire 1 673.40
55 Shale 31 403.34
56 Silica sand 453 12461.06
57 Sillimanite 6 2823.26
58 Slate 17 627.82
59 Steatite 428 12808.30
60 Tin 16 324.66
61 Vermiculite 12 185.53
62 White clay 40 633.34
63 White shale 15 77.34
64 Wollastonite 10 130.67
Total 10982 454706.15
Source: Information received from respective state Governments

59
 Annexure – VII

Minerals-wise Production & value

(Excluding Fuel & Minor Minerals)
(Value in Rs. ‘000)
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14(P)
Mineral
unit Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value
Bauxite t 14124093 4887897 12722820 5122151 13599566 6126011 16611610 7994557 21666011 9513943
Chromite t 3425580 10453620 4325699 25964208 2923435 24244988 2833895 22627633 2852854 23175932
Copper Ore t 3271169 0 3601984 0 3479189 0 3635751 0 3777764 0
Copper Conc. t 124577 3809462 136856 4733515 130456 5385751 123654 6288969 139306 6798108
Gold Ore t 517520 0 741522 0 491562 0 502831 0 420777 0
Gold kg 2084 3425814 2399 4345197 2194 5311592 1588 5172517 1564 4225315
Iron Ore '000t 218553 264620052 207157 396141714 168582 383570264 136618 328244402 152433 320314998
Lead & Zinc Ore t 7101872 0 7539999 0 8041881 0 8633411 0 9252137 0
Lead Conc. t 133921 1765874 147625 2000435 161854 2454497 184486 3300883 194426 4303052
Zinc Conc. t 1279880 13058419 1427231 17930226 1414009 19862214 1492781 23948683 1490662 27421597
Manganese Ore t 2491950 11905233 3056385 14684000 2411871 11777000 2342169 12836200 2588313 14985417
Silver kg 138780 3388694 148303 5438695 207144 11561772 374046 21234214 349774 15778713
Tin Conc. kg 59016 22895 60643 27799 48765 26062 47774 24962 34851 22661
Agate t 11 6 19 10 476 238 493 247 100 50
Apatite t 5992 12911 3846 8345 3053 6459 572 1208 1300 2768
Phosphorite t 1605489 3103095 2097490 5014699 2259726 7496300 1941158 6807233 1383998 4389012
Asbestos t 243 12268 268 13341 276 13347 389 17057 227 8823
Ball Clay t 932993 218174 1086714 390238 1646516 693714 1750559 780732 1874049 902647
Barytes t 2152552 2601842 2338806 2698279 1776980 1685965 1789431 5314116 1136814 3604933
Calcite t 49309 16980 38826 14104 54081 20835 74488 27309 92146 33625
Chalk t 185218 71087 177197 65799 178736 70458 175516 88301 126431 64885
Clay (others) t 1056273 71294 730752 70342 1417684 128017 2680726 353628 2360871 407713
Corundum kg 6600 20 0 0 37000 130 5000 75 0 0
Diamond crt 16891 116279 11222 106776 18490 198240 31988 366471 37515 614084
Diaspore t 25569 27422 26082 32003 23818 35654 16222 25742 14781 29360
Dolomite t 5911759 1672224 5839710 1870047 5968554 1737037 7233958 2618906 7108696 2576921
Dunite t 71642 19281 23716 6879 38774 25450 88274 92841 65098 97197
Felspar t 496997 98648 546472 154676 835526 255408 1459008 428633 1412518 415317
Fireclay t 548748 89680 856741 136668 983155 158016 999925 182739 706639 159859
Felsite t 3049 2464 1670 2420 1117 2590 1266 909 549 449
Fluorite(graded) t 105232 81558 59954 50147 5010 12270 3092 13818 2486 11646
Flint Stone t 708 172 633 192 459 92
Garnet (abrasive) t 1580617 763377 2126337 1274864 1717904 981625 768248 924683 457626 958821
Graphite (r.o.m.) t 124625 53830 115697 50380 153339 69449 134735 84133 146009 81651
Gypsum t 3370322 1004631 4918170 1475454 3978806 1686042 3556723 1699808 2929912 1385538
Iolite kg 758 40862 4 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaolin t 2798340 676728 2727946 737101 3076795 652368 4258697 1157392 4752643 1159135
Kyanite t 5495 5812 5954 6291 4064 4802 1048 1248 1922 5720
Sillimanite t 33687 258779 48784 407406 59206 522737 43736 352062 61597 373488
Laterite t 1300772 177376 1220304 147948 2815275 395548 4121192 702753 3491510 651694
Limestone '000t 232950 32477596 246336 36349567 262882 40855418 285030 47973173 278725 46899573
Lime Kankar t 335067 58754 383817 84903 311219 59469 192426 43564 140088 28481
Limeshell t 62215 50917 30410 32159 33225 40788 24044 41930 18786 34905
Magnesite t 301070 435118 235762 378217 224104 354977 224315 459178 195105 397612
Marl t 5908226 381599 4399379 307556 4140577 272904 4337009 269366 3254162 264834
Mica (crude) t 1061 39940 1333 44505 1899 68670 1256 39963 1610 46226
Mica (waste & Scrap) t 8098 0 7311 0 14186 0 16255 0 17545 0
Ochre t 1258207 226881 1218261 240374 1576265 276937 1833783 582998 1554680 482810
Pyrophyllite t 240747 60425 240082 83123 255891 139510 247968 156004 208454 151089
Pyroxenite t 279332 152371 253205 126179 86031 33113 58562 17980 2985 806
Quartz t 512320 94043 497546 112108 782575 173890 1384155 341129 1395452 345695
Quartzite t 112652 37377 118117 45750 272141 139207 501399 276777 529988 301094
Silica Sand t 2545988 408559 3380968 444684 4867667 714062 4303883 1002046 3346114 864066
Moulding Sand t 30 5 3118 564 29961 3525
Sand (others) t 2159405 101399 2057119 109682 2625111 162965 2638424 201821 2552918 253458
Salt (rock) t 1836 4908 1200 2971 0 0 0 0 0 0
Shale t 3033948 89288 3081622 103993 3439775 139066 3067718 165924 2990579 162793
Slate t 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 263 339 319
Steatite t 876548 713708 902686 618286 998438 878590 971778 888390 865126 905216
Selenite t 14598 12408 6736 5726 13047 16105 7577 10226 532 708
Sulphur t 263124 0 236998 0 381146 0 449004 0 390325 0
Vermiculite t 11662 7653 19234 13132 10194 7085 7947 5010 10176 8518
Wollastonite t 132385 111930 183381 145958 184445 159974 145667 127468 192642 157047
(P): Provisional; Source: MCDR returns

60
 Annexure - VIII

Consumption of Important Minerals, 2011-12 to 2013-14

(In Tonnes)
Mineral/ Commodity 2011-12(R) 2012-13(R) 2013-14 (P)
Apatite & Rock Phosphate 4133400 4087000 4192000
Asbestos 104200 104200 104200
Ball clay 579600 585000 582500
Barytes 194500 186200 186200
Bauxite 10367400 11989400 12020600(e)
Bentonite 123600 73400 79700
Borax 23700 22800 22900
Calcite 81000 98200 127700
Chromite 2584100 2603300 2621600(e)
Coal (In Million Tonnes)** 535.29 569.76 569.76
Diaspore 23800 20800 20400
Dolomite 6554200 6786000 6794300
Dunite 41700 38800 48000
Felspar 460300 481600 496600
Fireclay 516400 493600 536400
Flourspar 61700 62900 62600
Garnet 1289500 773805 773805
Graphite 45700 52900 52800
Gypsum 8626300 9274200 8732500
Ilmenite* 190500 191800 191500
Iron ore 100572400 103588300 107879300
Kaolin (China clay) 1488100 1490400 1489300
Limestone 226568100 239642700 239578000
Magnesite 529800 490100 491000
Manganese ore 4005600 4177300 4185800
Ochre 975900 1255100 1650700
Other calcareous Materials 28805500 31003100 30940000
Potash 1421400 1316200 1310800
Pyrophyllite 12600 13300 13300
Quartz/Silica Sand 1873000 1713500 1770800
Quartzite 255400 293300 318100
Rutile* 24900 26100 26000
Sillimanite 14000 19600 21100
Steatite/S.stone 368800 368400 368100
Sulphur 1774100 1960500 2005200(e)
Vermiculite 3800 1600 1600
Wollastonite 102990 140300 187300
Zircon* 12135 9210 9210
(P) Provisional, (e) Estimated, (R') Revised
* Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai
** Dispatches from Coal Directory of corresponding years

61
 Annexure – IX (A)

Exports of Ores & Minerals 2010-11 to 2014-15

(Value in Rs.'000)
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13(R ) 2013-14(P) 2014-15(P)
Unit Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value
All Minerals ** 1743703991 ** 1753095005 ** 1601012597 ** 1947835200 ** 1780766348
Abrasive (Natural) Ton 160639 1185000 49356 502710 41323 434150 16023 242884 31901 516071
Alabaster Ton 74 329 1 49 .... .... .... .... 21 140
Alumina Ton 2660432 41867818 886412 16437230 927800 18834156 1294651 25423465 1561612 32974205
Andalusite Ton 40 96 .... .... .... .... 5 244 4 127
Antimony Ores & Conc. Ton .... .... .... .... .... .... ++ 8 .... ....
Arsenic Sulphide (Natural) Ton .... .... ++ 145 .... .... .... .... .... ....
Asbestos Ton 231 1154 266 2862 78 727 96 487 393 12026
Ball Clay Ton 19611 63288 18037 62387 29497 131329 35694 158847 57557 194269
Barytes Ton 866236 3146360 1036798 5406455 1740203 11920378 1067755 8699416 651571 4525674
Bauxite Ton 116066 295202 401027 922326 4197804 6752047 3492546 6736456 6808588 14050662
Bentonite Ton 637692 1801785 1033552 2699338 1114907 3160993 1225568 3860451 1300083 3999734
Borax Ton 1354 53056 1765 85280 2489 122747 1623 125007 2655 164699
Building And Monumental Stones Nes Ton 1270142 4364630 1630292 6311353 1540625 5806657 1686357 6268602 2519512 7771235
Calcite Ton 1373 6137 3240 14860 2169 18839 23222 187542 30768 192309
Chalk Ton 688 2496 759 3432 675 4198 418 3860 490 2978
Chromite Ton 172864 2860566 225084 4888205 196435 3107577 195125 3468440 25361 659259
Clay (Others) Ton 52526 241610 16811 126294 22019 179317 19604 172389 25515 217300
Coal(Ex Lignite) Tht 4272 11519939 2025 5869603 2511 8987175 2188 10843195 1220 7112051
Coal,Gas Water Etc.(Except Gaseous Hydrocarbons) Ton ++ 22 59 365 83 814 9 891 32 7820
Coal:Lignite Tht ++ 9179 1 14583 37 322476 1 55575 1 13882
Cobolt Ores & Conc. Ton 51 3741 .... .... 12 7661 253 47733 ++ 4
Coke Ton 728365 11645428 611517 11487428 1137549 5649295 150636 1478657 98043 1090634
Copper Ores & Conc. Ton 19701 1390065 20 80 30 3355 38912 3349917 1 10
Corundum (Natural) Ton 412 2527 .... .... .... 32 .... .... .... ....
Diamond ** 1343533791 ** 1342392353 ** 1266553169 ** 1581348137 ** 1481024677
Diatomite Ton 4647 39672 26886 230620 40608 335483 58265 521672 87845 778088
Dolomite Ton 26801 65184 40254 111825 29007 133290 32511 125328 44620 156629
Earth Clay Ton 2195 12667 4498 68972 13949 57455 7115 35053 8915 60466
Emerald (Cut & Uncut) ** 3634975 ** 5447525 ** 26787394 ** 21570148 ** 15945392
Felspar (Cut & Uncut) ** 12842 ** 58669 ** 42423 ** 22694 ** 26488
Felspar (Natural) Ton 351266 1187874 394277 1518048 401422 1890429 437144 2234475 589820 2876166
Fire Clay Ton 8624 22563 9622 30881 36148 58678 2100 16879 2503 16318
Flint Ton 1688 6320 968 2962 717 2883 2524 18156 484 3991
Fluorspar Ton 390 4293 484 10939 1195 22216 876 16549 561 20763
Garnet( Cut And Uncut) ** 18450 ** 42540 ** 49812 ** 39395 ** 31070
Garnet(Abrasive) Ton 228663 1726150 428716 3500974 505281 5108666 480774 6060269 448559 5673827
Granite Ton 4500060 55933193 4605078 63815357 6061302 79415582 6802309 98685772 6563271 98322398

62
Graphite(Natural) Ton 1205 79686 1683 101327 2304 155353 820 112370 2669 86578
Gypsum Ton 100918 137642 51732 78485 44142 102191 48924 109055 65645 158036
Iron Ore Tht 46890 214156853 47153 221844034 18122 89852116 16302 94811058 7491 32119579
Kaolin Ton 112016 423070 184734 582117 191953 736848 276165 1053487 258330 941752
Kieselguhr Ton 52 593 12 149 1 61 196 2984 137 2494
Kyanite Ton 3 42 1 11 53 784 52 1174 39 505
Lead Ores & Conc. Ton 39195 3891804 10226 1390485 14 336 7 201 509 22298
Limestone Ton 1034830 683781 2691026 2537858 2991810 2699327 2779074 3432311 3812679 4671420
Magnesite Ton 11052 203919 13369 175082 9503 148751 6118 127502 6612 120898
Manganese Ore Ton 98979 803225 75183 442305 72242 269610 66030 189342 11026 65399
Marble Ton 521723 3265467 325241 3861834 371222 5434999 337937 5703435 325705 5990599
Mica Ton 126554 2258655 131777 2887096 127610 3460060 127882 3759755 140960 4258585
Molybdenum Ores & Conc. Ton 939 25412 4477 52488 107 1026 351 324538 24 17801
Natural Gas Ton 27244 1191530 22218 1384872 27736 1617704 4922 282766 138168 4901801
Nickel Ores & Conc. Ton .... .... 450 128258 86 1478 32 541 41 1452
Niobium Or Tantalum Ores & Conc. Ton 25 42652 523 70506 32 24676 25 31537 24 24238
Ochre Ton 9275 115522 7741 126359 8378 104308 3550 72785 4034 92570
Other Minerals Nes Ton 127162 278774 130569 291719 204046 586194 855864 1180653 1768058 1773765
Petroleum (Crude) Tht ++ 595 21 722969 .... .... .... .... .... ....
Precious & Semi-Precious Stones (Cut & Uncut): ** 10052664 ** 11636361 ** 11554162 ** 16965361 ** 12991334
Preciuos Metal Ores & Concentrates Kg 66026 45968 1512154 5417948 78190 802698 36361 181906 10000 24
Quartz And Quartzite Ton 211253 1209795 214969 1513889 233274 1608025 308409 2233315 410483 2938718
Rock Phosphate Ton 712 5031 248 5810 21309 24477 948 7005 437 2916
Salt ( Other Than Common Salt) Ton 1854898 2075879 2712076 2598357 4597507 5282193 4956931 6562929 4776491 6390687
Sand (Excl. Metal Bearing) Ton 18218 208067 21044 377436 7342 455905 5444 369627 10751 342836
Sandstone Ton 304138 3212985 370238 3865872 443010 5157627 540874 7579286 627008 8523123
Silica Sand Ton 12451 162239 10020 80081 4689 43188 4497 33142 1216 9802
Sillimanite Ton 2202 29024 11829 108615 11151 133322 28152 148779 17304 141262
Slate Ton 117644 1530571 113257 1534802 108028 1463313 86090 1688206 100447 1867164
Steatite Ton 115581 837966 100562 913949 117568 1215354 149343 2028614 158405 2156562
Sulphur (Exc. Sublimed Precipited & Colloidal) Ton 167113 979567 163372 1671782 369960 3367801 577695 3949918 397399 3714082
Tin Ores & Conc. Ton 33 9219 2 454 .... .... 8 1125 .... ....
Titanium Ores & Conc. Ton 1028108 5632999 912979 12442284 800730 14571902 687923 10412481 779598 7179648
Tripoli Earth Ton .... .... .... .... 1 334 .... .... .... ....
Tungsten Ores & Conc. Ton 32 19244 321 63393 93 9198 323 64205 175 29666
Vanadium Ores & Conc. Ton ++ 1 1250 25841 178 18159 2 7386 .... ....
Vermiculite Ton 1497 10882 1139 10019 648 5502 737 8706 1044 9906
Witherite Ton 17 351 ++ 14 49 727 6 79 10 526
Wollastonite Ton 17759 208907 23759 297241 18765 281471 19033 310240 17864 288087
Zinc Ores & Conc. Ton 67501 2846743 5591 14156 75870 2957887 45660 1620063 41 744
Zirconium Ores & Conc. Ton 19535 408265 43532 1772097 31600 962127 18036 648740 12230 488129

63
 Annexure – IX (B)
Exports of Metals and Alloys 2010-11 to 2014-15
(Value in Rs.'000)
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13(R ) 2013-14(P) 2014-15(P)
Unit Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value
All Metals and Alloys ** 940524476 ** 1024998008 ** 1406138832 ** 1531563802 ** 1671198494
Aluminium And Alloys Incl. Scrap Ton 428253 56530539 506310 72024819 566662 87154851 707217 116253038 1033006 173770732
Antimony Alloys And Scrap Ton 954 464038 1410 872560 2123 1311070 1864 1063470 2371 1209763
Bismuth & Scrap Ton ++ 351 1 979 5 5460 ++ 703 ++ 2331
Boron Ton 48 12818 .... .... .... .... ++ 53 ++ 119
Cadmium (Incl. Waste & Scrap) Ton 20 11027 9 3304 15 3211 68 4553 74 4545
Chromium & Alloys Ton 18 12041 10 9236 20 21917 73 77559 94 72047
Cobalt & Alloys(Incl Waste And Scrap) Ton 281 450877 298 424072 67 80649 111 32028 109 124799
Copper & Alloys (Incl. Brass & Bronze) Ton 564164 201100005 334913 136844498 331478 157325127 333082 171115615 459468 205662295
Copper (Cement Copper Precipitated) Ton 2 175 1 74 ++ 18 ++ 32 ++ 41
Ferro Alloys Ton 1554988 94468214 1532694 83992730 1676644 101504136 1727542 105054411 1623899 99837096
Gold (Non-Monetory & Monetory): Kg 34595 4275544 169126 19799367 85349 241164115 70721 183513035 69894 172166206
Gold-Clad Metals/Base Metales Nes Ton 1 862 ++ 1423 ++ 878 .... .... ++ 2
Iron & Steel Ton 8353454 505936539 9257059 606834662 10377748 723047018 11959782 833731286 11982434 869190611
Lead And Alloys Incl. Scrap Ton 48646 5153688 69629 9074327 47155 6339031 80865 11994067 76289 10617034
Magnesium & Scrap Ton 87 9232 303 43335 234 25839 280 65276 66 30471
Manganese & Alloys (Incl Waste & Scrap) Ton 143 118051 57 51592 138 88492 199 100365 134 111364
Mercury Ton 95 146840 69 121620 44 62034 83 270391 8 37675
Molybdenum & Scrap Ton 19 61006 27 67508 10 110819 77 161373 55 188842
Nickel And Alloys Incl. Scrap Ton 1429 1500386 5340 5886670 21615 22779944 26459 26246009 46771 55174050
Other Rare Metals Nes Ton 12 6915 10 25736 4 4405 2 17098 ++ 4203
Pig & Cost Iron (Incl. Speigeliesen) Ton 807783 15412694 821428 27396836 433884 10218710 1113219 26350078 650353 15064847
Platinium Alloys & Related Metals Kg 3367 231945 382 213170 1780 209126 1357 985444 78 83710
Platinium - Clad Base /Precious Metal Kg 640 24653 1 362 397 556 152 524 11 625
Preciuos Metals / Metals Clad With Preciuos Metals Ton 870 18962966 719 20176997 794 24478920 531 18900402 581 25052694
Selenium Ton 193 722450 184 1187692 192 879234 143 440707 124 350157
Silicon Ton 201 24020 247 23896 93 10506 84 17642 260 34175
Silver Ton 50 1063414 41 1296694 38 1928248 31 1127885 5 346251
Silver Clad Base Metals Kg 13953 224466 12055 33044 563 4616 2 42 22375 264220
Tantalum & Scrap Ton 5 23218 2 35834 7 78116 3 49216 5 93874
Tellurium Ton 58 13331 13 836 31 3478 24 6979 ++ 93
Tin And Alloys Incl. Scrap Ton 1900 403662 1673 413908 1504 329765 4102 5022785 2217 2372272
Titanium & Alloys(Incl. Waste & Scrap) Ton 211 233571 399 338371 195 268751 118 163435 174 197302
Tungsten And Alloys Incl. Scrap Kg 430970 669662 638430 1423388 408664 1951349 745397 2265367 475385 1574148
Zinc And Alloys Incl. Scrap Ton 264251 32248477 295071 36266217 198676 24748100 194976 26530058 246395 37553145
Zirconium & Scrap Ton 26 6799 645 112251 1 343 3 2876 8 6755

64
 Annexure – X (A)
Imports of Ores & Minerals 2010-11 to 2014-15
(Value in Rs.'000)
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13(R ) 2013-14(P) 2014-15(P)
Unit Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value
All Minerals ** 6690103839 ** 9444303312 ** 11008001478 ** 12158267979 ** 10716891382
Abrasive (Natural) Ton 10082 139898 7940 86003 5850 79649 4312 56954 5775 80934
Alabaster Ton 1237 19920 1138 21525 798 16809 877 23975 912 24831
Alumina Ton 281285 6924573 548891 13215746 1113927 24589496 1169523 27542194 790305 21244790
Andalusite Ton 5515 104883 6121 131788 13767 262633 8738 187621 9350 201731
Antimony Ores & Conc. Ton 2547 446982 3712 1153868 4916 1361490 3464 888707 4711 1004076
Arsenic Sulphide (Natural) Ton 57 2104 21 1027 40 2621 8 576 31 2041
Asbestos Ton 365795 10025266 378122 11991739 460445 19004033 285870 13298986 396493 17168105
Ball Clay Ton 126695 637682 191310 1023647 156527 1044148 130804 915231 125384 957636
Barytes Ton 2843 37498 3720 656032 6174 112461 5687 144378 7484 146614
Bauxite Ton 63584 1201033 78980 1603329 66742 1494744 421612 3662474 1800689 8560886
Bentonite Ton 2301 74759 3956 122538 3245 130584 6071 201663 11002 316055
Borax Ton 112225 2427019 96994 2621167 95046 2980032 112775 3551233 146301 4474017
Building And Monumental Stones Nes Ton 909936 1527459 1137648 1315295 1211434 1257775 958905 1147451 766721 1481235
Calcite Ton 143164 430793 260231 1215618 145966 652237 75863 427442 66450 369703
Chalk Ton 3185 17140 1884 15919 6003 36136 17172 108515 6714 47715
Chromite Ton 86456 904750 136204 2019641 216736 2503421 261336 3099722 242685 2871479
Clay (Others) Ton 11610 103765 13013 144418 14638 194203 17016 256640 14347 231877
Coal(Ex Ligbite) Tht 68918 415494801 102841 788268785 145790 868505454 166861 923353960 217785 1045125605
Coal,Gas Water Etc.(Except Gaseous Hydrocarbons) Ton .... .... 2 172 6 616 ++ 306 ++ 1290
Coal:Lignite Tht ++ 310 ++ 474 ++ 5407 ++ 5629 ++ 11131
Cobolt Ores & Conc. Ton 5041 1515404 1196 1251501 443 548799 16 17358 272 366480
Coke Ton 1490210 31203551 2364688 47584537 3077258 56872490 4167206 67948149 3290324 43751479
Copper Ores & Conc. Ton 1902026 200234533 2124501 264510239 2296421 309704411 2048240 332267404 1702247 285028249
Corundum (Natural) Ton .... .... .... .... ++ 27 2 96 .... ....
Diamond 182467772 1527908912 153033845 1322922157 135963926 1176986143 149916760 1349155094 151359710 1252140913
Diatomite Ton 1510 47906 1583 46753 3600 109400 6006 186713 2122 87085
Dolomite Ton 611833 1395183 1594573 2010748 1859996 2529066 2511602 3736522 2014760 3146097
Earth Clay Ton 83 4275 65 4751 196 10056 586 16862 4617 2979
Emerald (Cut & Uncut) 3996 4957091 7984 10627382 9880 37464291 8799 22328772 65176 63062394
Felspar (Cut & Uncut) 4 6531 75 3199 8 3590 2 12453 102 9639
Felspar (Natural) Ton 20409 64063 41627 168923 59956 252204 42448 212990 66749 242645
Fire Clay Ton 689 10920 269 5177 1610 22423 146 4473 4 137
Flint Ton 25 202 1 98 28 1086 .... .... 141 2257
Fluorspar Ton 161925 2333963 183662 4639660 98043 2241949 117254 2412179 155673 2967071

65
Garnet( Cut And Uncut) 24 16114 41 53509 49 117864 60 46894 243 68743
Garnet(Abrasive) Ton 357 7490 314 5519 1115 19800 626 10542 647 10297
Granite Ton 55554 1163349 64982 1600947 64739 1860578 71378 2402008 65265 2261146
Graphite(Natural) Ton 14348 460015 19287 944259 19485 1193505 22916 1235588 28549 1335288
Gypsum Ton 1697746 2212981 2776177 3979046 3218900 5009977 3231930 5252011 4421048 6747745
Iron Ore Tht 1867 10284802 978 6885850 3056 25778633 369 3423552 12093 65947416
Kaolin Ton 52663 636698 73647 1078287 87867 1095336 80204 1420872 93322 1662634
Kieselguhr Ton 156 5670 44 1415 1 55 20 717 20 804
Kyanite Ton 504 11318 260 14765 622 20765 394 13711 508 17006
Lead Ores & Conc. Ton 9722 342050 30282 1915093 56049 7590645 33405 3880931 39441 3846804
Limestone Ton 5035678 7043286 8557181 11890531 11139331 16672231 13214179 21580366 13834373 21961663
Magnesite Ton 54929 1590290 72475 2279369 79080 2770015 66001 2216905 102077 3327761
Manganese Ore Ton 1299643 17813482 1961396 20632696 2326729 25622446 2179334 28306272 3172858 34669120
Marble Ton 512169 10320860 635962 14466429 757793 20313010 757948 22107203 779325 23848492
Mica Ton 1687 411461 2458 599808 2285 557140 2049 563468 2240 703135
Molybdenum Ores & Conc. Ton 4382 6086645 5223 6496596 6863 7522354 5572 5558080 8093 8645534
Natural Gas Ton 9765763 146481792 13199608 328736293 13135869 411417374 13020689 516992878 13289155 563400559
Nickel Ores & Conc. Ton 219 143868 41729 2008548 865 808473 1343 1207103 4185 3842487
Niobium Or Tantalum Ores & Conc. Ton 11 9227 96 161086 93 182526 61 163720 115 179733
Ochre Ton 1324 141001 1359 66315 1223 61759 282 30443 176 25953
Other Minerals Nes Ton 40359 367542 61197 540836 58972 664668 52993 592588 74554 2286200
Petroleum (Crude) Tht 153120 4216162484 165712 6436885431 185534 7856017148 189176 8696574352 187911 7093749532
Precious & Semi-Precious Stones (Cut & Uncut): 77711 7051601 8358 8304647 6272 8276623 9584 12574990 121156 14675050
Preciuos Metal Ores & Concentrates Kg 167 298094 .... .... 840 240260 179 106977 101601 22252599
Quartz And Quartzite Ton 496 8699 578 11065 1652 26982 377 10924 215 10404
Rock Phosphate Ton 5194203 32110281 9729592 83149873 8160950 73098249 7160798 55177899 8258191 61803761
Salt ( Other Than Common Salt) Ton 34148 82777 34208 85575 40274 98849 35591 120999 41300 114191
Sand (Excl. Metal Bearing) Ton 22379 28609 22811 53509 12785 42747 15688 61432 58237 98399
Sandstone Ton .... .... .... .... 42 643 .... .... ++ 18
Silica Sand Ton 93741 413702 129490 598457 54380 579833 97526 938842 76529 556336
Sillimanite Ton 1363 15992 14 2265 74 7401 110 14307 116 10754
Slate Ton 89 3678 201 9426 213 23025 850 23951 472 16814
Steatite Ton 10087 130423 5022 141498 2906 121394 2935 129217 3693 130505
Sulphur (Exc. Sublimed Precipited & Colloidal) Ton 1356774 10977136 2037635 22832892 1547267 17358957 1289979 11002926 1626419 17446236
Tin Ores & Conc. Ton 195 86167 ++ 32 21 14088 1 380 .... ....
Titanium Ores & Conc. Ton 66759 861652 68501 1731291 77819 2842107 91775 1933433 51991 971521
Tripoli Earth Ton 19 486 42 593 22 1002 19 740 .... ....
Tungsten Ores & Conc. Ton 1 4424 327 5179 107 28762 17 28235 191 61582
Vanadium Ores & Conc. Ton 4 1182 109 10605 1 708 61 8674 19 1378
Vermiculite Ton 312 7519 222 8227 170 8263 176 8396 391 11486

66
Witherite Ton 3 52 78 1994 50 1364 344 7122 184 5268
Wollastonite Ton 2600 23913 806 12873 1288 24233 1305 30479 1948 32549
Zinc Ores & Conc. Ton 88171 3415929 63194 2396487 111912 4997266 33113 1562269 35696 1693837
Zirconium Ores & Conc. Ton 54312 2665929 44400 4320340 34652 3932536 50945 3772861 47656 3331466

67
 Annexure – X (B)
Imports of Metals and Alloys 2010-11 to 2014-15
(Value in Rs.'000)
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13(R ) 2013-14(P) 2014-15(P)
Unit Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value
All Metals and Alloys ** 2868348244 ** 4183099235 ** 4465659420 ** 3213559922 ** 4012586073
Aluminium And Alloys Incl. Scrap Ton 881144 101220027 1108292 141716112 1325562 174463260 1348372 186322210 1595296 228778062
Antimony Alloys And Scrap Ton 543 256726 380 356570 769 555508 1307 806794 1024 583886
Bismuth & Scrap Ton 112 107370 117 140378 155 194490 180 224031 174 267473
Boron Ton ++ 1027 ++ 335 ++ 765 ++ 3801 1 2863
Cadmium (Incl. Waste & Scrap) Ton 655 122567 567 84058 690 75108 1531 211726 2862 339575
Chromium & Alloys Ton 706 404055 746 500440 674 486843 853 543400 1001 640994
Cobalt & Alloys(Incl Waste And Scrap) Ton 726 1574437 994 1912305 677 1407209 758 1608803 865 2048322
Copper & Alloys (Incl. Brass & Bronze) Ton 260108 85717042 350290 128268204 408141 159334900 411649 176031866 490179 196576602
Copper (Cement Copper Precipitated) Ton 147 21437 30 5166 20 12245 ++ 1 5 3089
Ferro Alloys Ton 225263 25230287 278759 29752569 279509 35802706 258843 37308904 336575 47686136
Gold (Non-Monetory & Monetory): Kg 969738 1847287525 1078354 2699007054 1013703 2921528195 661715 1662426200 915473 2106580447
Gold-Clad Metals/Base Metales Nes Ton ++ 522 ++ 1939 ++ 1915 1 411236 ++ 3959
Iron & Steel Ton 14401512 616497590 17381812 814625474 19300675 920848863 12257822 721849461 17433700 940528408
Lead And Alloys Incl. Scrap Ton 285662 27568237 240698 27100104 238633 27781629 238450 31338681 295474 38467363
Magnesium & Scrap Ton 11151 1566701 11976 2068338 14506 2606589 15753 2793578 19271 3167018
Manganese & Alloys (Incl Waste & Scrap) Ton 13982 2028316 15890 2658100 20076 2803314 24114 3341014 30932 4232257
Mercury Ton 191 243129 177 582676 163 728392 149 855952 99 341691
Molybdenum & Scrap Ton 412 932478 826 1354032 487 1285590 339 1119658 373 1268948
Nickel And Alloys Incl. Scrap Ton 33306 32130836 34787 39121536 54325 55154972 56322 54463252 76200 85078105
Other Rare Metals Nes Ton 44 164666 118 333218 144 247700 106 316440 231 543397
Pig & Cost Iron (Incl. Speigeliesen) Ton 48291 2316267 44156 2713997 53930 3129091 68502 4021121 68887 4591408
Platinium Alloys & Related Metals Kg 5072 8451719 6129 11732833 6186 12030962 6493 14017329 7818 15247930
Platinium - Clad Base /Precious Metal Kg 5 405 7 1435 4 1416 27 3424 27 22865
Preciuos Metals / Metals Clad With Preciuos Metals Ton 4 124220 ++ 209272 64 278034 ++ 99006 ++ 960
Selenium Ton 209 699503 194 1174174 232 1424362 264 1078360 263 867524
Silicon Ton 32055 3523172 35380 4256979 36882 4536760 37411 4682391 42296 5689328
Silver Ton 2656 89531561 4661 247042322 2021 107973660 6512 269736492 7708 276863750
Silver Clad Base Metals Kg 5 148 1174 32270 639 8230 5486 80226 2774 28253
Tantalum & Scrap Ton 14 22580 3 23755 3 31799 3 38257 3 55041
Tellurium Ton 3 35182 1 30262 2 25349 2 27583 6 42663
Tin And Alloys Incl. Scrap Ton 7494 7258073 8055 8789035 7804 9254270 11240 14965679 9423 12485758
Titanium & Alloys(Incl. Waste & Scrap) Ton 822 1135500 1504 2149522 1273 2381849 1536 3161133 2008 3360378
Tungsten And Alloys Incl. Scrap Kg 404654 848380 637994 1634925 436356 1608465 530108 2150364 438233 1868711
Zinc And Alloys Incl. Scrap Ton 112228 11302210 131432 13704756 163884 17623504 148906 17453019 250182 34291939
Zirconium & Scrap Ton 12 24349 7 15090 11 31476 21 68530 9 30970
Source : DGCI & S, Kolkata; P : Provisional , R : Revised ; ++ : Negligible ** : Quantity not given due to partial coverage, Value figures however have full coverage

68
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