Concord is the relationship between the subject and the verb (verb) , or the pronounwith

the verb, or adjective (adjective) with the word that follows grammatically.Concord is also
called conformity or agreement. Sometimes in a test item , prepositional phrases can be
between the subject and the verb. If the preposition object is singular and the subject is plural,
or if the object of the preposition is plural and the subject is single, here it can be confusing in
recognizing the right subject and verb. Therefore, to answer this matter of concord form, it is
important to note its compatibility, such as between subject and verb. Let's peel about this
concord.
Concord consists of three principles:

1. Grammatical Concord
A verb must match the subject. A single verb must follow a single subject; and plural
verbs must follow the plural subject.
Example :
- The car is parking there. (singular)
- The cars are parking there. (plural - plural)
For single subjects followed by words such as: with, together with, as well as,
accompanied by are still followed by a single verb. In other words, the verb used refers to the
main subject, not the word or phrase that follows it, even though the word or phrase indicates
the plural.
Example :
- My sister, together with her friends, is here.
- The teacher, accompanied by the students, has arrived.
- The leader, as well as his staff, is diligent.
If the subject is a noun phrase, the verb used depends on the main subject.
Example :
- The change in female attitudes is most obvious in the industry.
- The changes in female attitudes are most obvious in the industry.
A clause that acts as a subject is singular.
Example :
- That she was angry really bothers me.
- Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your health.
- That they should all hand in papers and that the papers should all be so good
was a big surprise.
2. Notional Concord
It is a match between subject and verb that refers to a particular number of markers.
Example :
a. Collective nouns (a noun in the form of a group or group that refers to a single unit.
This kind of noun is a single form so that it uses a single verb as well.
- The committee is having a meeting.
- The committee consists of seven members.
- The audience is enjoying the show.

b. However, if the parts that make up the group or the group considered the plural verb
used is also plural.
- The committee is finding it difficult to reach a decision.
- Her family is coming to dinner.
- The public has requested a no litter policy on the streets.

c. Nouns, such as people, police, clergy, cattle are considered plural so they must use
plural verbs.
- The people take what they can get.
- The cattle are eating.
- The police are very muscular.

3. Principle of Proximity

It is a match between a verb and its closest noun.

Example :
- No one except his own supporters agree with him.
- One in ten take drugs.
- More than one person has refused.

Specific size or unit of numbers (decimal, percentage, fraction)

Example :
- Three milligrams of calcium nitrate was administered.
- A quarter of the vines were destroyed in the fire.
- Half of the sand was wet.
 Either or; neither nor
Example :
- Either the students or the parents are going on the trip.
- Either the students or the teacher is going to be there.
- Neither John nor Mary has to do it.
- Neither John nor the girls have to do it.

Some Additional Points About Concord: Nominalised adjectives as subjects:

a. Single abstract non-personal adjective
Example :
- The exotic fascinates me
b. Adjective in the form of nationality (plurality) g plural Example:
- The Dutch are widely expected to be the first to try
c. Multiple personal adjectives g Example:
- The poor have remained the most

Coordinated subjects:
Coordination with and plural Examples:
- John and Mary have gone to town.
- Bread and butter are on my shopping list
(Bread and butter - indicated as two separate objects.)

Coordination with a single and g (because the two objects occupying the subject are an
inseparable whole) Example:
- Soup and garlic bread sounds delicious
- Steak and potato is his favorite food
- Bread and jam is a simple snack

Coordinative apposition
Two or more subjects that are associated with words that refer to the same person /
something / are part of the first noun, the verb is singular. Example:
- His father and supporter was there to support him
- The President and General in Chief of the Air Forces has arrived
- His son and he were not interested in the business. (Same person)
Quasi-coordinators
Complex propositions, such as: as well as; along with; unlike; rather than using a single
verb.
Example :
- The teacher, as well as the students, was very tired
- The prime minister, along with a number of his advisers, is still skeptical of
the plan
- The prime minister, unlike his advisers, is still skeptical of the plan

Nouns that cannot be calculated using a single verb.

Example :
- Some of the water has leaked out
- The soup is very tasty
- Some of the sand has been carried

Calculable and plural nouns must use multiple verbs.

Example :
- Some of the books have been sold out
- Some of the bicycles are here
- The games are very challenging

Everyone, everybody, nobody, and somebody use a single verb.

Example :
- Everybody knows him well.
- Nobody is perfect
- Somebody has phoned me

A number uses plural verbs (a number indicates many objects).

Example :
- A number of problems have been solved
- A number of cases has been reported
- A number of people have attended the party

The number uses a single verb (the number refers to one specific thing).
Example :
- The number of problems has decreased
- The number of cases has been on the decline
- The number of cases has increased sharply.
A total uses plural verbs.
Example:
- A total of? Fteen kids were at the show
- A total of ten cats are in their cages.
- A total of twenty students have passed the examination

The total uses a single verb.

Example :
- The total number of kids is? Fteen
- The total number of students in the class is not known.
- The total number of lions has increased.

Couples use plural verbs when referring to people and things.

Example :
- The couple are having dinner together at the restaurant.
- A new couple has been selected.

Couples use single verbs when referring to units of time

Example :
- A couple of minutes is very short
- A couple of hours is too long for me
- A couple of seconds is not enough to? nish this job

A pair uses singular and plural verbs.

Example :
- A pair of trousers is nice. (single)
- A pair of trousers are nice. (plural)
- A pair of scissors are sharp.?( always in the plural)

Use of certain words in Concord:

Majority and minority
Majority and minority are singular words, but refer to a number of people or objects so
that they use plural verbs.
Example :
- The majority of employees have been given their salary
- A minority of people have voted against the violence
- A minority of students are willing to pay more
Data
By meaning the data includes plural nouns, but is considered to indicate a single
collective noun so the data uses a single verb.
Example :
- The data is very valid
- All the data is available
- All the data has been kept well
Graffiti
Graffiti refers to plural objects so it uses plural verbs.
Example :
- The graffiti on the bus is difficult to remove
- The graffiti at the wall are interesting
- The graffiti has been removed

Many a , always followed by a single verb.

Example :
- Many people put up with hard life
- Many a woman is able to survive

Every, each, everybody, neither, and either use a single verb.

Example :
- Every student in the class is present
- Everybody enjoys the show
- Each of the boys has received the prize
- Either solution is possible
- Neither answer is correct.
Both
Both means two things or two people.
Example :
- I love both cats and rabbits
- Both the books are expensive
- His parents are both dead

Amounts and measurements

Number and size using a single verb.
Example :
- Ten minutes is all I can give you
- Five years is a long time
One and a half
One and a half, although followed by plural nouns, use a single verb.
Example :
- One and half liters is all that's left
- One and half months is long enough
- One and half weeks is not enough\

Names and titles

Names and titles use a single verb.
Example :
- The United Nations has its headquarters in New York
- The United States is a superpower country
- Is Sons and Lovers still on the syllabus?

Names and titles use plural verbs

Example :
- The Smiths are coming round tonight
- The Bulls won the game against Phoenix

There uses verbs that match the actual subject.

Example :
- There is an orange tree in my garden
- There are orange trees in my garden
- There is a little girl in your house

The following words have a plural markers ending, but have a single meaning.
Games: draughts, billiards, and bowls.
Example :
- Billiards is my favorite game
- Bowling is a game mostly played by older people
Diseases: measles, mumps, rabies.
Example :
- Rabies is a dangerous viral disease
- Mumps has become an epidemic
- Measles attacks many children
The following words have the plural markers ending followed by singular and plural verbs.
Economics Example:
- Economics provides a solution to a political problem. (Economics in this
sentence means as a scientific theory that refers to academic subjects /
subjects and has a single position).
- The economics of running a business are complicated. (Economics in this
sentence means a kind of economic activity that refers to the plural).
Ethics Example:
- Ethics has been learned since a long time ago. (Ethics in this sentence means
as one branch of science "loso" which refers to the singular).
- Their ethics are different from ours. (Ethics in this sentence means many
kinds / aspects which refer to plural forms).
Politics Example:
- Politics is an uncertain business. (Politics in this sentence has a single
context).
- What are her politics? (Politics in this sentence refers to various political
parties or policies that have multiple contexts).
Acoustics Example:
- Acoustics is her favorite subject. (acoustics in this sentence refers to a
science that has a single context)
- The acoustics of the new school hall are nice. (acoustics in this sentence
refers to a quality state of something that has multiple contexts).
1. http://www.geniustoefl.com/artikel-ilmu-kunci-toefl/artikel/grammar-toefl/concord-dalam-
grammar-bahasa-inggris
2. http://www.ahzaa.net/2015/12/pengertian-penggunaan-dan-aturan.html
3. https://www.sekolahbahasainggris.co.id/pengertian-penggunaan-concordagreement-
dan-contoh-kalimatnya-komplit/