UTS Reviewer

The physical self is shaped by biological and environmental factors. The physical self, however, is surrounded by issues
associated with health hygiene, nutrition and standards of beauty.

 Heredity - is defined as the transmission of traits from parents to offspring. The traits are made up of specific
information embedded within one’s gene, the basic unit of heredity.
 Genotype - refers to the specific information embedded within one’s genes: not all genotype translates to an
observed physical characteristics
 Phenotype - is the physical expression of a particular trait

Genotype can be observed thru blood testing and phenotype can be directly observed.

Neurophilosophy - attributed by Paul and Patricia Churchland, is concerned with the association of the brain and the
mind.

In order to understand the human brain, we need to understand its function and wave activity
Human consciousness, with worldviews, beliefs and other attributes are distinctly connected to brain
physiology and functioning

Psychoneuroimmunology - describes the shaping of the self as similar to how the human immune system functions.
The human body is made up of nucleotides, the composition of which makes up the DNA. In context the self,
individuals capitalize on their innate attributes and are likely to reject environmental factors assume to be harmful to
the body and its well-being.

SOCIAL SCIENCES

 Sociology - is the study of collective behavior of people within the society and focuses on social problems
encountered by individuals. The context ks not seeing the person on his own but rather the impact of social
institution and relationships with the society on one’s thoughts, feelings and behavior.

 Self - concept in the field of sociology is defined in various ways as to the presence of the larger society and
the significant others play a major rule in understanding of genuine nature of self

 Anthropology - the study of human beings and their ancestors through time and space and in relation to
physical character, environmental and social relations and culture. It focuses on the evolution of individuals
and society, as well as specific cultural tools embedded within generations

 Self - concept can be a product of cultural practices which is in the realm of anthropology. The cultural
conceptions of the self and identity is a concern in anthropological discourse

 Psychology - defined as the study of human behavior and mental processes, sees the self as a theoretical
construct

The "self" in the field of psychology pertains to how one creates a schema of his person. In the psycho-social
theory of development by Erik Erikson, it is alleged that identity is a goal leading to self realization

Michael Lewis suggested two aspect of self-concept:

1. Existential self - the highly basic part of self concept

2. Categorical self- considers himself as a object with properties and may include age, gender, size or skills

Carl Rogers asserted that self-concept has three different components:

1. Self Image - or the view you have of yourself influenced by external factors such as expectation from the
significant others
 2. Self-esteem/ self-worth - the value you assign to yourself

3. Ideal Self - what you desire or expect of the self

A mismatch between your self-concept and what you expect to be highly affects your self-esteem. One's expectation of
the self and life situation can either result to congruence or incongruence. Rogers stated that to achieve self-
actualization there must be a state of congruence within the individual. Congruence exist when the "ideal self" and the
actual experience are consistent.
What is Physical Development?