The Problem and Its Scope

Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Introduction
The Internet has enabled new forms of social interaction, this is due to its
widespread usability and access. Most people use the internet to access news,
weather and reports, to plan and book vacations and to find out more about their
interests. Today people are using the internet mostly to interact on social media,
they chat, message, share photos and stay in touch with friends and relatives
worldwide. Among the new forms of social interactions that have been enabled by
the internet are social networking sites. Social Media sites such as Facebook,
Twitter, and Instagram allow individuals to present themselves, articulate their
social networks, and establish or maintain connections with others. Participants
may use the sites to interact with people they already know online or to meet new
people.
An interpersonal relationship is a relatively long – term association between
two or more people. This association may be based on emotions like love and
liking, regular business interactions, or some other type of social commitments.
Interpersonal relationships take place in great variety of contexts, such as family,
friends, marriage, acquaintances, work, clubs, neighbourhoods, and churches.
They may be regulated by law, custom, or mutual agreement, and are the basis of
social groups and society as a whole. Social networking sites influence the
interpersonal relationship of students in many ways. Through social networking

2
sites, users come to meet other people worldwide. These people can affect the
user’s interpersonal relationship with other people close to him/her. This influence
can either be good or bad for the user.
Social media typically offer many features and those features are positively
the reason why many students are interested in checking out these sites. One of
the general features of social media are profiles. A profile contains all the
information about the person plus their photos, videos, applications that they use
and comments/messages posted by other person. (Ellison, N. 2007).
Del Mundo, (2013) explained that studies have shown that people actually
are becoming more social and more interactive with others, but the style of that
communication has changed so that we’re not meeting face – to – face as often
we used to. That said, our interactions on social media tend to be weak ties – that
is, we don’t feel as personally connected to the people at the other end of our
communication as we do when we’re face – to – face.
is evident that many students greatly rely on these sites in order to interact
with their friends and other people whether they know them or not. Being
dependent to these sites promotes online friendships which are not good since
they might encounter people that are suspicious in behaviour. These sites hinder
face – to – face friendship, but many students reason out that they use social
networking sites in order to communicate conveniently with their faraway friends.
Ito, (2010)
3
Through the mentioned situation, the main objective of the researchers is
to determine the manifestation of the influence of social media in relation to
students’ interpersonal communication of Grade 11 and Grade 12 Senior High
School HUMSS students in Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National
High School.Moreover, the researchers would like to know the different reasons
why students often use social media as a medium to interact with their friend and
loved ones.
4
Statement of the Problem
The study aims on determining the influence of Social Media to the
Interpersonal Relationship of the students. Particularly, the researchers seek for
the answers in the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the students in terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Sex?
2. What is the profile of the students in terms of using Social Media Sites
in terms of:
2.1 Types of Social Media;
2.2 Frequency of using?
3. What are the nature/patterns of teenagers’ interactions on social media
sites?
4. What is the influence of social media to interpersonal relationship of
students towards their:
a. Family;
b. Friends;
c. Teachers?
5. To what extent does social media affect the students’ interpersonal
relationship?
5
Scope and Delimitation
The researchers conducted a study about the effects of social media in the
interpersonal relationship of senior high school HUMSS students. This study
considered the respondent’s personal information such as their age and sex. The
information needed will be gathered using likert scale questionnaire. The
researchers conducted this study between the months of June and November,
2019 at Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National High School, C.
Padilla St., Cebu City. The respondents of this study are Grade 11 and Grade 12
Senior High School HUMSS students, where there are 74 respondents in both
Grade 11 and Grade 12. All information and conclusions draw from this study are
obtained only and is kept confidential by the researchers.

6
Significance of the Study
This study will be greatly important to the following:
Students. The findings of this study will make the students aware of
how social media sites influence them and how does it affect their interpersonal
relationships. This will educate the students regarding the proper usage of social
media sites. Thus, this will help the students to improve their social life with the
use of social media sites.
School Administrators. This will help the school administrators to
be aware of the influences of social media to the students of Cebu City Don Carlos
A. Gothong Memorial National High School, with enough information about social
media and their influence to the students, school administrators can help in solving
problems of the students regarding this topic and give advices that are appropriate
to the situation. Thus, they will be able to relate more with students and to give
accurate advices to the students that have problems involving social media.
Parents. This study will enable the parents to understand their child’s
purpose of using social media sites and for them to be aware of the influence of
social media that might affect their children. With adequate knowledge, parents
can think of possible preventive ways if their child is prone to develop a weak
interpersonal relationship with other people because of too much usage and
dependence from social media sites

7
Future Researchers. This study can help the further studies of future
researchers regarding the effects of social media on the interpersonal relationship
of students. This can serve as a reference for further improvements to be done in
their study.
8
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter contains the review of related literature of the study and
the justification of the conceptual and research literature gathered from books,
journals, researches and online sources.
Social Media
Social Media is for social interaction. It is the use of web based and
mobile technologies to turn communication into interactive dialogue. The term
social media is broad and it covers a range of websites. There are basically six
kinds of social media i.e. social networks, blogs, wikis, podcasts, forum, content
communities and micro blogging. (Wikipedia). Social media are relatively newer
forms of media, which allow its users to be more interactive with the content, as
well as use technologies (both mobile and web – based) to create an interactive
platform where individuals and communities share, co – create, and modify user –
generated content (Kietzmann, Hermkens, McCarthy, & Silvestre, 2011). During
the past decade, it has become far more interactive. Some important aspects of
social media are presence, sharing, conversations, groups, reputation,
relationships, and most importantly, identity (Kietzmenn et al., 2011).
This research looks into the effects of social media on interpersonal
relationship of senior high school HUMSS students.

9
Technology and the Youths
Technological forces like those of evolutions are strong forces that
have shaken up everything, especially the internet in all spheres of personal, social
and professional human life. Right from the mere ways of interaction to the running
of huge systems, ‘we are utilizing the conveniences provided by the existence of
internet.’ (Ahmed and Qazi, 2011)
Technology is changing the way that people interact and
communicate. New technologies are providing more ways to communicate with
others and especially among the youth.
Social Media Sites
Boyd and Ellison, (2008) define social media as web – based service
that allow individual to:
(1) Construct a public or semi – public profile within a bounded system,
(2) Articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection,
and
(3) View and traverse their list of connections and those made by others
within the system.
Buss and Strauss, (2009) have also defined Social Media as virtual
communities which mainly focus on ‘user relationship’ the members of this
communities create profile pages of themselves which have information about
oneself, their backgrounds and any vital information that may lead one to recognize
10
another in these virtual communities. They add friends, follow friends, meet friends
and communicate in various ways, such as public messaging, private messaging
and instant messaging. Popular examples include Facebook, Twitter, and
Instagram.
Coyle & Vaughn, (2008) explained that social media sites help people to
feel socially connected and part of a community, even though they may be sitting
home alone at their computer or with their mobile phones. Participants connect
with other people they know through school, work, or an organization; they also
meet complete strangers from all over the world.
Social Media sites have today changed the way of human
communications. They have become the source of change in different fields,
supplemented traditional social interactions and even discussion of common
interests; they have revolutionized people’s interaction, communication, and even
the way of thinking (Abdelraheenm, 2013).
Students and Social Media Sites
As social media becomes ubiquitous part of student life, social media
sites have become central gathering spaces for students to develop new media
literacy skills (Jenkins, 2006). For example, Jenkins, (2006) notes that various
skills become vital in networked spaces such as the ability to: collaborate with
others, adopt changing identities as one navigates through different communities,
or explore new knowledge domains when one has access to vast repositories of
information.
11
Li et al., (2007) said that students’ activity on social media sites focuses on
communicating with each other. ‘The most popular activities done by students and
users on social media sites revolve around looking at profiles of one another,
searching for someone here and there, updating one’s own profile, and
eavesdropping.’
Online Communication and Interpersonal Relationships
An interpersonal relationship is defined as an association between
two or more people that may range in duration from brief to enduring. This
association may be based on inference, love, solidarity, regular business
interactions, or some other type of social commitment. Interpersonal relationships
are formed in the context of social, cultural and other influences. The context can
vary from family or kinship relations, friendship, and marriage, relations with
associates, work, clubs, neighbourhoods, and place of worship. They may be
regulated by law, custom, or mutual agreement, and are the basis of social groups
and society as a whole (Donath and Boyd, 2004).
Interpersonal communication is considered to be the most important
use of internet sites, (Cummings, Butler, & Kraut, 2002). The Internet is the latest
in a series of technological breakthroughs in interpersonal communication,
following the telegraph, telephone, radio, and television. It combines innovative
features of its predecessors, such as bridging great distances and reaching a mass
audience (Bargh and McKenna, 2012).

12
Hafner, (2003) mentioned that in recent years, much of the
communication that occurred face – to – face has moved to computer – mediated
communication. Computer – mediated communication has had and continues to
have an effect on all people around the globe especially teenagers who mostly use
of Social Media Sites to communicate, and its effect on interpersonal
communication have many benefits as well as many drawbacks. Several scholars
have contended that internet communication is an impoverished and sterile form
of social exchange compared to traditional face – to – face interactions, and will
therefore produce negative outcomes such as loneliness and depression for its
users as well as weaken neighbourhood and community ties.
By contrast, other feel that, computer – mediated communication has
increased interpersonal communication by making it easier. Since face – to – face
communication is not always feasible, using the internet helps connect those who
are not able interact physically (Adler et al., 2010).
Effects of Social Media on Interpersonal Relationships among Senior
High School Students
Adolescence is a stage that is associated with a strong need for
friendships and peer – group affiliations along with the need for person – to –
person communication (Lee and Sun, 2009). The changing dynamics of
communication within the adolescent population especially those in their teenage
years, have important implications on their social relationships and communication
in real life. Social Media Sites act as a mediator between real and virtual
13
communication, leading directly to the individual’s virtual interpersonal relationship
(Lin, Sun, Lee, & Wu, 2007).
Worldwide, adolescent lives have become so busy and full of
activities that their time to interact with friends is becoming more limited (Lee &
Sun, 2009). They adapt these new technologies to continue improving and
sustaining their relationships. Social Media Sites have in fact, helped the students
to be more connected to their social groups and maintain relations as they also
expand their network of friends. By staying connected to their social groups, they
are defining their self – identity (maintaining individual friendships) and their social
– identity (belonging to peer groups), (Lee & Sun, 2009).
According to Asilo et al., (2010) students develop two possible types
of interpersonal relations that is stronger interpersonal relationship with their
friends, teachers, and parents. They are always updated with their close friends,
teachers, or even their parents that are in the friends list of social media sites. It is
easier for them to know when will be the birthdays of their friends and so they get
in touch with them, even if they are apart with less time and effort. Asilo also adds
that, students, also, tend to develop weaker interpersonal relationships with their
friends, teachers and parents. This is due to too much dependency of students to
the internet and computer as a medium of communication with their friends,
teachers, and parents. Sometimes, students can only tell what they want to other
people whenever they are chatting, or when they post comments on the wall of a
person’s account or profile. If they do this over and over again, this develops into
a habit and become used to it until the time comes that they only depend on the
14
internet and computer on telling what they want. Through this, a person can’t
express his/her emotions well and the results to an unhealthy relationship with
other people.
15
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This study sought to examine the effects of social media in the interpersonal
relationship of senior high school HUMSS students of Cebu City Don Carlos A.
Gothong Memorial National High School. The dependent variable of this study is
the interpersonal relationships while, the independent variable is the social media.
Interpersonal
Social Media Relationship
Figure 1. The influence of social media on the interpersonal relationship of the
students
This framework shows the direction of the study. The paradigm above
shows the influence of social media to the interpersonal relationship of students.
There are two possible types of interpersonal relationships that students tend to
develop. These are the following: Stronger interpersonal relationship of students
with their friends, teachers and parents. This happens if a student or a person
knows well on how to use a social media site. Students are always updated with
the status of their close friends, teachers or even their parents that are added in
their friend list in the social media sites that they are using. Students, on the other
hand, aside from developing a stronger interpersonal relationship, in contrast, tend
to develop a weaker interpersonal relationship with their friends, teachers and

16
parents. This is due to too much dependency of students to the internet and
computer as a medium of communication with their friends, teachers, and parents.
Sometimes, students can only tell what they want to other people whenever they
are chatting, or when they post comments on the wall of a person’s account or
profile. If they do this over and over again, this develops into a habit and be used
to it until the time comes that they just depend on the internet and computer on
telling what they want. Through this, a person can’t express his emotions that
results to an unhealthy relationship with other people. There are also times that
social media sites don’t have any effect on the interpersonal relationship of a
student or a person with other people. This is why the researchers identified the
effects of social media to the students of Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong
Memorial National High School.

17
Definition of Terms
The following terms are operationally defined for a better understanding in
this study.
Interpersonal Relationship. This refers to a type of relationship wherein
you can actually be with a particular individual.
Social Media. This refers and focuses on building online communities of
people who share interests and/or activities, or who are interested in exploring the
interests and activities of others. It is also a web – based and provides a variety of
ways for users to interact.
Social behaviour. This refers to a behaviour directed towards society, or
taking place between members of the same group.
Facebook. This refers to a social media site that focuses in the life of a
particular person in a daily basis.
Twitter. This refers to a social media site where people express their
emotions and feelings.
Instagram. This refers to a social media site where people post and share
photos, videos, and etc.

18
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study will use the descriptive method to find answers to the questions.
A survey is to be conducted to determine the response of the students on the
effects of social media in the interpersonal relationship that will help an individual
to be aware, using the questionnaire to gather the data. The researcher will
distribute the questionnaire to the respondents.
RESEARCH RESPONDENTS
The respondents of the study will be 14 males and 23 females from the
Grade 11 Senior High School HUMSS students, while 10 males and 27 females
from the Grade 12 Senior High School HUMSS students of Cebu City Don Carlos
A. Gothong Memorial National High School, C. Padilla St., Cebu City, School Year
2019 – 2020
RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT
The researchers conducted their study in Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong
Memorial National High School, C. Padilla St., Cebu City, Senior High School
Building. It is an establishment where learners from different grade levels can be
found.
19
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The main instrument that is being used in this study is the questionnaire.
The interview guide questionnaire is consisted of five parts. Part I elicited the
information on the profile of senior high school students such as age and sex. Part
II applies to the types of social media and the frequency of using. Part III is all
about the nature/patterns of teenagers’ interactions on social media sites. Part IV
associates the influence of social media to the interpersonal relationship of
students towards their family, friends, and teachers. Part V concerns to the extent
of social media that affect the student’s interpersonal relationship.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
The data will be gathered from the respondents will be tallied, analyzed,
tabulated and organized. To interpret the data effectively, the researcher will
employ the following statistical treatment:
Percentage Computation
f
P= x 100
n
Where: P = percentage
f = number of respondents
n = total number of respondents

20
Weighted Mean
∑ fx
WM = N
Where: WM = weighted mean
N = sample size
∑ fx = sum of the products of the frequency with weights

21
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSES AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents, analyses and interprets data out of the instruments
used in the study.
Table 1. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of sex and age
Categories N % Categories N %
Male 24 32% 16 – 18 16 22%
19 – 21 8 11%
22 & above 0 0%
Female 50 68% 16 – 18 35 47%
19 – 21 15 20%
22 & above 0 0%
Total 74 100% Total 74 100%
Table 1 shows the demographic profile of the respondents such as their sex
and age of seventy – four (74) Grade 11 and Grade 12 Senior High School HUMSS
students of Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National High School. As
shown in table 1, there were seventy – four (74) respondents, where twenty – four
22
(24) male students of Grade 11 and Grade 12 have a percentage of 32% while,
fifty (50) female students of Grade 11 and Grade 12 have a percentage of 68%.
It is also shown that male students from Grade 11 and Grade 12 aging from
16 to 18 years old have a percentage of 22% and 19 – 21 years old have a
percentage of 11%. However, there were no male students from Grade 11 and
Grade 12 aging 22 years old and above. On the other hand, Grade 11 and 12
female students aging from 16 to 18 have a percentage of 47% and 19 – 21 years
old have a percentage of 20%. Moreover, there were no female students from
Grade 11 and Grade 12 aging 22 years old and above.
Cavanagh and Huston, (2008) argued that girls are more likely than boys to
use social media sites, because they are more expressive when they are using
social media. It was also discovered that younger students frequently use
Facebook compared to older ones so as to maintain communication with their
friends who attended the same high school or from their hometown (Calvert, 2009).
Thus, the implication would mean that girls are more affected than boys in
terms of using social media sites.

23
Table 2. What is the profile of the students in terms of using Social Media Sites in
terms of:
2.1 Types of Social Media
CATEGORIES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Facebook 72 97%
Twitter 21 28%
Instagram 29 39%
Table 2.1 shows the Types of Social Media of the respondents from the
Grade 11 and Grade 12 HUMSS students. Accordingly, the highest frequency and
percentage which is 72 or 97% of the respondents uses Facebook, while the
lowest frequency and percentage which is 21 or 28% of the respondents uses
Twitter.
Sponcil and Gitimu, (2007) stated that 88.5% of the youth preferred to use
Facebook as their media of choice. Facebook enables its users to create a profile
and either post updates, links, photos and conversations.
Thus, the implication would mean that most of the respondents use
Facebook as their choice of social media.

24
2.2 Frequency of using
CATEGORIES FACTORS FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
Daily 57 77%
Facebook Once a week 3 4%
Seldom 7 9%
Table 2.2 shows the Frequency of using of Facebook to the respondents
from Grade 11 and Grade 12 HUMSS students. Accordingly, the highest frequency
and percentage which is 57 or 77% uses Facebook in Daily usage. While the
lowest frequency and percentage which is 3 or 4% uses Facebook every Once a
week.
Liang, et al., (2011) stated that within a day, students spent more than 1
hour of using Facebook. It was also discovered that younger students frequently
use Facebook compared to older ones so as to maintain communication with their
friends who attended the same high school or from their hometown.
Thus, the implication would mean that most of the students use Facebook
every day.
25
CATEGORY FACTORS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Daily 12 16%
Twitter Once a week 4 5%
Seldom 5 7%
Table 2.2 shows the Frequency of using Twitter to the respondents from
percentage which is 12 or 16% uses Twitter in a Daily usage. While the lowest
frequency and percentage which is 4 or 5% uses Twitter every Once a week.
Bober, (2012) argued that students use Twitter frequently because they can
express their thoughts and opinions in this kind of social media site. For twitter
users, they are allowed to send messages that are limited in terms of characters
known as “tweets” regarding what they are doing or even web links of sites of
interest. One can follow specific tweets, retweets or report one’s tweet so that other
twitter users can see.
Thus, the implication would mean that most of the respondents use Twitter
every day.
26
Daily 20 27%
Instagram Once a week 5 7%
Seldom 6 8%
Table 2.2 shows the Frequency of using Instagram to the respondents from
percentage which is 20 or 27% uses Instagram in a Daily usage. While the lowest
and frequency which is 5 or 7% uses Instagram every Once a week.
Wagner, (2014) stated students more frequently use Instagram to see
photos and videos that their friends posted. It is an application that allows its users
to post pictures and videos so as share them with friends and other social
networking platforms.
Thus, the implication would mean that most of the students use Instagram
every day.
27
Table 3. Nature/Patterns of teenager’s interactions on social media sites?
Agree 34 46%
1. Social media sites have
helped you keep in touch Neutral 25 34%
with friends you can’t see
regularly? Disagree 15 20%
TOTAL: 74 100%
As shown in the table above, the highest frequency and percentage which
is 34 or 46% of the respondents agreed that social media sites have helped them
to keep in touch with their friends that they can’t see regularly. However, the lowest
frequency and percentage which is 15 or 20% of the respondents disagreed that
social media sites have helped them to keep in touch with their friends that they
can’t see regularly.

28
Agree 20 27%
helped you to get to know Neutral 38 51%
other students at school
better? Disagree 16 22%
TOTAL: 74 100%
is 38 or 51% of the respondents answered neutral in the aspect of social media
sites have helped them to get to know other students at school better. However,
the lowest frequency and percentage which is 16 or 22% of the respondents
disagreed that social media helped them to get to know other students at school
better.
Instagram.
29
Agree 40 54%
helped you to connect with Neutral 23 31%
people who you share a
common interest? Disagree 11 15%
TOTAL: 74 100%
to connect with people whom they share a common interest with. However, the
lowest frequency and percentage which is 11 or 15% of the respondents disagreed
that social media sites have helped them to connect with other people whom they
share a common interest with.
As social media becomes ubiquitous part of student life, social media sites
have become central gathering spaces for students to develop new media literacy
skills (Jenkins, 2006). For example, Jenkins, (2006) notes that various skills
become vital in networked spaces such as the ability to: collaborate with others,
adopt changing identities as one navigates through different communities, or
explore new knowledge domains when one has access to vast repositories of
information.
30
CATEGORY FACTOR FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Agree 37 50%
helped you to meet new Neutral 23 31%
friends
Disagree 14 19%
TOTAL: 74 100%
to meet new friends. However, the lowest frequency and percentage which is 14
or 19% of the respondents disagreed that social media sites have helped them to
meet new friends.
Instagram.
31
CATEGORY FACTOR FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
5. Social media sites have Agree 39 53%
helped you to socialize with
people you would not have Neutral 19 26%
been able to communicate
with Disagree 16 21%
TOTAL: 74 100%
to socialize with people that they would not have been able to communicate with.
However, the lowest frequency and percentage which is 16 or 21% of the
respondents disagreed that social media sites have helped them to socialize with
people that they would not have been able to communicate with.
eavesdropping.’
32
Table 4. Influence of Social Media to the Interpersonal Relationship of students
towards their:
4.1 Family
Statements W.M. Interpretation
1. You have a better communication with your 2.77 Neutral
family in personal
2. You interact more with your family in social 3.43 Disagree
media rather than talking in personal
Average Weighted Mean 3.10 Neutral
Table 4.1 shows the statements about how Social Media influenced the
Interpersonal Relationship of students towards their Family.
Based on the table above, it was shown that statement 1, with 74
respondents has a weighted mean of 2.77 and thus have a succeeding
interpretation of “Neutral”. Moreover, statement 2, with 74 respondents has a
weighted mean of 3.43 and thus have a succeeding interpretation of “Disagree”.
With an average weighted mean of 3.10 and thus have a succeeding
interpretation of “Neutral”, it can be concluded that the students’ interpersonal
relationship towards their family are either in good or bad conditions.
According to Asilo et al., (2010) students develop two possible types of
interpersonal relations that is stronger interpersonal relationship with their friends,
teachers, and parents. They are always updated with their close friends, teachers,
or even their parents that are in the friends list of social media sites. It is easier for
33
them to know when will be the birthdays of their friends and so they get in touch
with them, even if they are apart with less time and effort. Asilo also adds that,
students, also, tend to develop weaker interpersonal relationships with their
other people.
34
4.2 Friends
1. You have a better communication with your 3.82 Agree
friends in personal
2. You interact more with your friends in social 2.65 Neutral
Interpersonal Relationship of students towards their Friends.
interpretation of “Agree”. Moreover, statement 2, with 74 respondents has a
weighted mean of 2.65 and thus have a succeeding interpretation of “Neutral”.
relationship towards their friends are either in good or bad conditions.
35
other people.
36
4.3 Teachers
1. You have a better communication with your 3.77 Agree
family in personal
2. You interact more with your family in social 3.47 Disagree
Interpersonal Relationship of students towards their Teachers.
interpretation of “Agree”. Moreover, statement 2, with 74 respondents has a
weighted mean of 3.47 and thus have a succeeding interpretation of “Disagree”.
relationship towards their friends are either in good or bad conditions.
37
other people.
38
Table 5. To what extent does social media affect the students’ interpersonal
relationship
1. I find it easier to keep in touch with friends on 3.81 Agree
social media
2. I find it easier to express myself on social media 3.55 Agree
3. I like discussing trending issues with my friends 3.53 Agree
on social media
4. I feel left out if my friends know something that 2.73 Neutral
I don’t and it’s on social media
5. Social media sites took away my face – to – face 2.84 Neutral
Conversation with my family and friends
6. I often get angry with my peers who use social 3.08 Neutral
media sites when we are together
Table 5 shows the statements about on what extent does social media
affect the students’ interpersonal relationship.
Based on the table above, with 74 respondents, it was shown that the
statement with the highest amount of weighted mean was statement number 1 (“I
find it easier to keep in touch with friends on social media”) with a weighted mean
of 3.81 and thus have a succeeding interpretation of “Agree”. However, the
statement with the least amount of weighted mean was statement number 4 (“ I
39
feel left out if my friends know something that I don’t and it’s on social media”) with
a weighted mean of 2.73 and thus have a succeeding interpretation of “Neutral”.
interpretation of “Neutral”, it can be concluded that the students perception
regarding about social media on to what extent does it affect their interpersonal
relationship is either in good or bad conditions. The students believed that they
find it easier to keep in touch with their friends on social media. Also, they feel left
out if their friends knew something that they don’t and it’s on social media.
40
other people.
41
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions drawn from the
findings and the corresponding recommendations.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The main purpose of this study is to determine the effects of social media
to the interpersonal relationship of Senior High School HUMSS students of Cebu
City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National High School. They are seventy –
four (74) respondents of the study and a simple random sampling procedure is
used in selecting the respondents. A survey questionnaire is used as the
instrument of the study.
The general problem of this study is to determine the effects of social media
to the interpersonal relationship of Senior High School HUMSS students of Cebu
City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National High School.
Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age;
There majority age of the respondents is 16 to 18 years old with a frequency
and percentage of 51 or 69%. On the other hand, 19 – 21 years old had a
frequency and percentage of 23 or 31%. Moreover, there were no
respondents who are 22 years old and above.

42
1.2 Sex?
There were seventy – four (74) respondents and the majority of the
respondents are females with a frequency and percentage of 50 or 68%
while, males with a frequency and percentage of 24 or 32%.
Cavanagh and Huston, (2008) argued that girls are more likely than boys to
use social media sites, because they are more expressive when they are using
social media. It was also discovered that younger students frequently use
Facebook compared to older ones so as to maintain communication with their
friends who attended the same high school or from their hometown (Calvert, 2009).
Thus, the implication would mean that girls are more affected than boys in
terms of using social media sites.

43
2. What is the profile of the students in terms of using Social Media Sites in terms
of:
2.1 Types of Social Media
Most of the respondents use Facebook with a frequency and percentage of
72 or 97%. On the other hand, least of the respondents use Twitter with a
frequency and percentage of 21 or 28%
Sponcil and Gitimu, (2007) stated that 88.5% of the youth preferred to use
Facebook as their media of choice. Facebook enables its users to create a profile
and either post updates, links, photos and conversations.
Thus, the implication would mean that most of the respondents use
Facebook as their choice of social media
2.2 Frequency of Using
2.2.1 Facebook
Most of the respondents use Facebook in a daily usage with a frequency
and percentage of 57 or 77%. On the other hand, least of the respondents use
Facebook every once a week with a frequency and percentage of 3 or 4%
Liang, et al., (2011) stated that within a day, students spent more than 1
hour of using Facebook. It was also discovered that younger students frequently
use Facebook compared to older ones so as to maintain communication with their
friends who attended the same high school or from their hometown.
44
Thus, the implication would mean that most of the students use Facebook
every day.
2.2. 2 Twitter
Most of the respondents use Twitter in a daily usage with a frequency
Twitter every once a week with a frequency and percentage of 4 or 5%.
Bober, (2012) argued that students use Twitter frequently because they can
express their thoughts and opinions in this kind of social media site. For twitter
users, they are allowed to send messages that are limited in terms of characters
known as “tweets” regarding what they are doing or even web links of sites of
interest. One can follow specific tweets, retweets or report one’s tweet so that other
twitter users can see.
Thus, the implication would mean that most of the respondents use Twitter
every day.
2.2. 3 Instagram
Most of the respondents use Instagram in a daily usage with a frequency
Instagram every once a week with a frequency and percentage of 5 or 7%
Wagner, (2014) stated students more frequently use Instagram to see
photos and videos that their friends posted. It is an application that allows its users
45
to post pictures and videos so as share them with friends and other social
networking platforms.
Thus, the implication would mean that most of the students use Instagram
every day.
46
3. Nature/Patterns of teenager’s interactions on social media sites.
3.1 Social Media Sites have helped you keep in touch with friends you can’t
see regularly.
Most respondents from Grade 11 and Grade 12 answered “Agree” with a
frequency and percentage of 34 or 46%. However, least of the respondents from
Grade 11 and Grade answered “Disagree” with a frequency and percentage of 15
or 20%.
3.2 Social Media Sites have helped you to get to know other students at
school better.
Most respondents from Grade 11 and Grade 12 answered “Neutral” with a
Grade 11 and Grade 12 answered “Disagree” with a frequency and percentage of
16 or 22%.
47
Instagram.
3.3 Social Media Sites have helped you to connect with people who you
share a common interest with.
11 or 15%.
As social media becomes ubiquitous part of student life, social media sites
have become central gathering spaces for students to develop new media literacy
skills (Jenkins, 2006). For example, Jenkins, (2006) notes that various skills
become vital in networked spaces such as the ability to: collaborate with others,
adopt changing identities as one navigates through different communities, or
explore new knowledge domains when one has access to vast repositories of
information.
3.4 Social Media Sites have helped you to meet new friends.
14 or 19%.

48
Instagram.
3.5 Social Media Sites have helped you to socialize with people you would
not have been able to communicate with.
16 or 21%.
eavesdropping.’
49
4. Influence of Social Media to the Interpersonal Relationship of students towards
their:
4.1 Family
Most respondents from Grade 11 and Grade 12 are not certain if they have
a better communication with their family in personal. Hence, in terms of interaction,
the students do not prefer using social media devices rather than talking with their
family members personally.
other people.
50
4.2 Friends
Most respondents from Grade 11 and Grade 12 are certain that they have
a better communication with their friends in personal. Hence, in terms of
interaction, the students are not certain if they prefer using social media devices
rather than talking with their friends personally.
other people.
51
4.3 Teachers
Most respondents from Grade 11 and Grade 12 are certain that they have
a better communication with their Teachers in personal. Hence, in terms of
interaction, the students doesn’t agree if they prefer using social media devices
rather than talking with their Teachers personally.
other people.
52
5. To what extent does social media affect the students’ interpersonal
relationship.
Most of the Grade 11 and Grade 12 respondents agreed that they find it
easier to keep in touch with their friends on social media. Moreover, they are
uncertain if they were left out if their friends knew something that they don’t and
it’s on social media.
other people.
53
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings derived from this study, the following conclusions
were drawn:
Majority of the respondents from the Grade 11 and Grade 12 Senior High
School HUMSS students were females and most of the respondents were
dominated by individuals aging from 16 to 18 years old. It also implies that most of
the students use Facebook more often. Also, social media sites helped students
to develop a strong interpersonal relationship with their family, friends, teachers
and etc., as well as connecting with other people and helped them to meet new
friends. Moreover, it can be concluded that social media influences the
interpersonal relationship of Grade 11 and Grade 12 Senior High School HUMSS
students of Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National High School.
Since the primary focus of communicating with others through social media is
entirely online with such high frequency, mainly through social media’s biggest
platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, social media users shift their
primary habits of communication to mirror online communication. Within the realm
of online interactivity, social media users can actively communicate and form
relationships with other users without ever having to meet those users face-to-
face, disregarding basic social and emotional skills otherwise needed to form those
friendships. With current studies and tests relating to social media effecting
interpersonal relationships, research finds that there is a correlation between using
social media and interpersonal relationships—the more time social media users
spend connected online using social media platforms to communicate and

54
establish interpersonal relationships, the less time social media users spend
establishing face-to-face interpersonal relationships. The present social media
user population continues to soar, while frequency skyrockets as well, as users
are logged in to social media all the time. Social media users spend majority of
their time online communicating instead of communicating face-to-face in real-life.
Social media users are aware of this, but at this point do not see such negative
effects social media has on interpersonal relationships, as the more social media
is used, the more face-to-face interpersonal relationships diminish. Instead, social
media users are blind-sided by the positive effects social media usage has on their
lives, as they experience increased levels of self-esteem and more confidence.

55
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings and the conclusions, this research study is highly
recommended for other researchers and their future researchers. Since our
research only limits to one particular school and strand. Having this type of
research for future researchers would be gladly appreciated since we, the
researchers limited in terms of gathering some information.
Students should learn on how to manage their time allotment for social
media. They should be aware that social media is not just for fun or entertainment,
but they should also keep in mind that it is beneficial in terms of connecting and
communicating with their family, friends and etc. especially to those who are
distant from them.
The Department of Education, School Administrators, local authorities as
well as the Parents need to come up with frequent community based forums that
are specifically structured towards enhancing awareness of social media usage in
the students’ basic education. During this forums, the students may be highlighted
on the importance and attributions of social media not only in terms on socialization
with others, but also in community growth.
There is also need for guidance counselling processes to be introduced in
the public secondary schools. The main role of these counselling sessions may be
to encourage and motivate other students to see beyond their limitations and put
more focus on the future through persistence and determination in their education.
56
REFERENCES
Subramanian, K. (2017, August). INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN
INTERPERSONAL COMMINCATION. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319422885_Influence_of_Social_Media
_in_Interpersonal_Communication?fbclid=IwAR1vn7zS7ZVwVk5huPXjcx7fUM1v
kOLv8_ZxPHpVwp-3ClGjt27TeDm57HE
Waigumo, M. (2013, November). IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES ON
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TEENAGERS.A CASE STUDY
OF MURANG’A EAST DISTRICT. Retrieved from
http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/59984/Mwangi_Impact%20
of%20social%20networking%20sites%20on%20interpersonal%20relationships%
20among%20teenagers.%20A%20case%20study%20of%20Murang%E2%80%9
9a%20East%20District%20Mwangi.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y&fbclid=IwAR0
2cl32SrQF9oPLFemTSzRwTlpKaUmDXEqae5jN2-Lu5DY55tTag3QdBfM
Christensen, S. (2010, January). Social Media Use and Its Impact on
Relationships and Emotions. Retrieved from
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7927&context=etd&fb
clid=IwAR0QUldyg6B5yYAo4hJNFptgeYzorJisipTTvDZ9TGkZW8t7nShT5omg2F
A
57
Britt, M. (2013, December). Effects of Social Media Use On Interpersonal
Relationship Satisfaction. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321643536_Effects_of_Social_Media_
Use_On_Interpersonal_Relationship_Satisfaction?fbclid=IwAR1vvc--
mcSM_NlcCXnYkGA7IArWKTF68_E8jy_GlHXd0ijDqP9TavubCZs
Drussel, J. (2012, May). Social Networking and Interpersonal Communication
and Conflict Resolution Skills among College Freshmen. Retrieved from
https://sophia.stkate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1021&context=msw_papers
&fbclid=IwAR1k4b2uAjIicp0BftVGnuTLbPxt5ygtMPQdInbu2wfQF6bPJTPHyXq0j
VU
Tan, C. (2014, February) The Impact of Social Media on Interpersonal
Relationships. Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/34902150/INFLUENCES_OF_SOCIAL_MEDIA_ON_I
NTERPERSONAL_COMMUNICATION
58
APPENDICES
59
APPENDIX A
APPROVAL LETTER
Republic of the Philippines
Division of Cebu City
CEBU CITY DON CARLOS A. GOTHONG MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL
C. Padilla St., Cebu City
July 8, 2019
ALICE S. GANAR
Principal II, CCDCAGMNHS
C. Padilla Street, Cebu City
Madame:
Christian Greetings!
The undersigned has come with a research concept entitled, THE EFFECTS OF
SOCIAL MEDIA TO THE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP OF SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL HUMSS STUDENTS
In this connection, the researchers would like to request permission to conduct a

quantitative study with students, parents, and teachers from July to September
2019 respectively.
Your favorable consideration and approval will be highly appreciated.
Very respectfully yours Researchers Name:
ALMACIN, MC LEESTHER ESMA, WIESER PASAYLO, KIAN

OLILA, JOLINA YBANEZ, SHAINA MAE
Noted by:
VIOLETA I. VILLASICA, Ed. D.
Research Teacher
Approved by:
ALICE S. GANAR
Principal II
60
APPENDIX B
QUESTIONNAIRE
Questionnaire
Kindly answer the following questions as accurately as possible. Your individual
responses are strictly confidential and anonymous. Your answers shall be used for
academic purposes only. Please check your answer against each question in the
spaces provided. The questionnaire consists of five sections. In each section,
check where you think the answer is the most appropriate.
1. Respondent’s Profile:
1.1 Age Male [ ] Female [ ]
1.2 Sex 16 – 18 [ ] 19 – 21 [ ] 22 & above [

]
2. What is the profile of the students in terms of using Social Media

Sites in terms of:
2.1 Types of Social Media Facebook [ ] Twitter [ ] Instagram

[ ]
2.2 Frequency of using
How often do you normally use the following social media sites?
Daily Once a week Seldom
Facebook
Twitter
Instagram
How much time do you spend in visiting these sites?

Less than 30 At least 1 hour More than 2
minutes hours
Facebook
Twitter
Instagram
61
3. What are the nature/patterns of teenagers’ interactions on social

media sites?
QUESTIONS Agree Neutral Disagree

1. Social media sites have helped you keep in touch
with friends you can’t see regularly?
2. Social media sties have helped you to get to
know other students at school better?
3. Social media sites have helped you to connect
with people who you share a common interest?
4. Social media sites have helped you to meet new
friends?
5. Social media sites have helped you to socialize
with people you would not have been able to
communicate with?
4. What is the influence of social media to the interpersonal

relationship of students towards their:
To what extent do you agree with the following statement? (Check where
you think is the most appropriate). Use a response scale in which 5 =
Strongly Agree, 4 = Agree, 3 = Neither, 2 = Disagree, and 1 = Strongly
Disagree.
3.1 Family
QUESTIONS 5 4 3 2 1
1. You interact more with your family in social media rather
than talking in personal
2. You have a better communication with your family
because of social media
3. Your relationship with your family is much better after
using social media
3.2 Friends
QUESTIONS 5 4 3 2 1
1. You interact more with your friends in social media rather
than talking in personal
2. You have a better communication with your friends
3. Your relationship with your friends is much better after
using social media
62
3.3 Teachers
QUESTIONS 5 4 3 2 1
1. You interact more with your teachers in social media
rather than talking in personal
2. You have a better communication with your teachers
3. Your relationship with your teachers is much better after
using social media
5. What are the effects of social media to the students’ interpersonal

relationship?
Questions 5 4 3 2 1
I find it easier to keep in touch with friends on social media
I find it easier to express myself on social media
I like discussing trending issues with my friends on social
media
I feel left out if my friends know something that I don’t and
it’s on social media
Social media sites took away my face – to – face
conversation with my family and friends
I often get angry with my peers who use social media sites
when we are together
63
APPENDIX C
DOCUMENTATION
64
APPENDIX D
CURRICULUM VITAE
KIAN C. PASAYLO
V. RAMA AVENUE, CEBU CITY
E – mail Address: kian.shyne921@gmail.com
Contact Number: 09212583159
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Kian C. Pasaylo
Age: 17 years old
Sex: Male
Status: Single
Father: Nilo Miguel F. Pasaylo
Mother: Mary Leonide Therese C. Pasaylo
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) strand
Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National

High School

65
Grade 12 (September 2019)
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National
High School
April 2018
ELEMENTARY: Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong Elementary School
April 2014
Outstanding Achievements
 SSG Treasurer – School Year 2019 – 2020
 Best Presenter (English Category) – 1st School Research Congress –

2019
 Best in Research Paper (English Category) – 1st School Research

Congress – 2019
 with High Honors Grade 11 – Second Semester School Year 2018 – 2019
 with High Honors Grade 11 – First Semester School Year 2018 – 2019
 with Honors Grade 10 School Year 2017 – 2018
 with Honors Grade 9 School Year 2016 – 2017
 Rank 9th overall Special Science Class Grade 8 School Year 2015 – 2016
 Rank 10th overall Special Science Class Grade 7 School Year 2014 – 2015
 Rank 3rd Grade 6 School Year 2013 – 2014

66
WIESER C. ESMA
TUPAS ST., CEBU CITY
E – mail Address: Wieseresma21@gmail.com
Name: WieserEsma
Age: 19 years old
Sex: Male
Status: Single
Father: Teophanes L. Esma
Mother: Rosalie C. Esma
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND

High School

67
High School
April 2018
ELEMENTARY: San Nicolas Elementary School
Carlock St., Cebu City
April 2014
 with Honors Grade 11 – Second Semester School Year 2018 – 2019
 with Honors Grade 11 – First Semester School Year 2018 – 2019

68
Mc Leesther C. Almacin
LAWIS ST., PASIL, CEBU CITY
E – mail Address: Mc_Leesther@gmail.com
Name: Mc Leesther C. Almacin
Age: 17 years old
Sex: Male
Status: Single
Father: Mario G. Almacin
Mother: Ana Lee C. Almacin
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND

High School

69
High School
April 2018
ELEMENTARY: Pasil Elementary School
L. Flores St., Cebu City
April 2014
70
JOLINA M. OLILA
IBABAO MAMBALING, CEBU CITY
E – mail Address: Jolinaolila19@gmail.com
Name: Jolina M. Olila
Age: 17 years old
Sex: Female
Status: Single
Father: Edwin C. Olila
Mother: Gloria M. Olila
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND

High School

71
High School
April 2018
ELEMENTARY: MambalingElementary School
N. Bacalso Avenue St., Mambaling Cebu City
April 2014
 Best Presenter (Filipino Category) – 1st School Research Congress –

2019
 Best in Research Paper (Filipino Category) – 1st School Research

Congress – 2019
` ● With Honors Grade 11 – Second Semester Year 2018 – 2019
● With High Honors Grade 11 - First Semester Year 2018 – 2019
● With Honors Grade 10 School Year 2017-2018
● Rank 4th overall Regular Class Grade 8 School Year 2015-2016
● Academic Excellence overall Regular Class Grade 7 School Year 2014-

2015
● Rank 2nd Grade 6 School Year 2013-2014
● Miss Teen Gothong 2017
● 2nd Runner Up Miss Agham 2017
● 1st Runner Up Miss Intramurals 2018
● SSG Secretary School Year 2018-2019

72
SHAINA B. YBANEZ
ALUMNOS BASAK SAN NICOLAS, CEBU CITY
E – mail Address: Shaiblueheart@gmail.com
Name: Shaina B. Ybanez
Age: 17 years old
Sex: Female
Status: Single
Father: Roger R. Ybanez
Mother: Eva B. Ybanez
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND

High School

73
High School
April 2018
ELEMENTARY: Basak Community School
Cabreros St., Basak San Nicolas, Cebu City
April 2014
` ● With Honors Grade 11 – Second Semester Year 2018 – 2019
● With Honors Grade 11 - First Semester Year 2018 – 2019

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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Twitter, and Instagram allow individuals to present themselves, articulate their

social networks, and establish or maintain connections with others. Participants

An interpersonal relationship is a relatively long – term association between

liking, regular business interactions, or some other type of social commitments.

Interpersonal relationships take place in great variety of contexts, such as family,

friends, marriage, acquaintances, work, clubs, neighbourhoods, and churches.

interpersonal relationship of students in many ways. Through social networking

can either be good or bad for the user.

and comments/messages posted by other person. (Ellison, N. 2007).

communication as we do when we’re face – to – face.

networking sites in order to communicate conveniently with their faraway friends.

Through the mentioned situation, the main objective of the researchers is

to determine the manifestation of the influence of social media in relation to

students’ interpersonal communication of Grade 11 and Grade 12 Senior High

Statement of the Problem

The study aims on determining the influence of Social Media to the

Interpersonal Relationship of the students. Particularly, the researchers seek for

the answers in the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the students in terms of:

2.1 Types of Social Media;

2.2 Frequency of using?

3. What are the nature/patterns of teenagers’ interactions on social media

4. What is the influence of social media to interpersonal relationship of

students towards their:

5. To what extent does social media affect the students’ interpersonal

Scope and Delimitation

interpersonal relationship of senior high school HUMSS students. This study

information needed will be gathered using likert scale questionnaire. The

obtained only and is kept confidential by the researchers.

Significance of the Study

This study will be greatly important to the following:

use of social media sites.

School Administrators. This will help the school administrators to

dependence from social media sites

researchers regarding the effects of social media on the interpersonal relationship

of students. This can serve as a reference for further improvements to be done in

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

journals, researches and online sources.

mobile technologies to turn communication into interactive dialogue. The term

generated content (Kietzmann, Hermkens, McCarthy, & Silvestre, 2011). During

social media are presence, sharing, conversations, groups, reputation,

relationships, and most importantly, identity (Kietzmenn et al., 2011).

This research looks into the effects of social media on interpersonal

relationship of senior high school HUMSS students.

Technology and the Youths

Technological forces like those of evolutions are strong forces that

internet.’ (Ahmed and Qazi, 2011)

Technology is changing the way that people interact and

communicate. New technologies are providing more ways to communicate with

others and especially among the youth.

Social Media Sites

that allow individual to:

(1) Construct a public or semi – public profile within a bounded system,

within the system.

communities which mainly focus on ‘user relationship’ the members of this

communities create profile pages of themselves which have information about

and communicate in various ways, such as public messaging, private messaging

and instant messaging. Popular examples include Facebook, Twitter, and

meet complete strangers from all over the world.

Social Media sites have today changed the way of human

communications. They have become the source of change in different fields,