CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter will contain the research design, wherein it includes the sources of data, the

research instrument, the population of the study, data gathering procedure and the statistical tools

that will be used in this research.

Research Design

This study will use the descriptive survey design to know the absenteeism and tardiness

that affects the students’ academic performance. Also known as statistical research, it will

describe data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. The

description that will be used to get the frequency, average and other calculations, and often the

best approach prior to writing descriptive research is to conduct a survey. Since this type of

research often has the aim of description and researchers may follow-up with examinations of

why the observations exist and what the implications of the findings are.

This study uses two kinds of data, the primary and the secondary data in gathering and

obtaining the required data and information. The BCSHS Grade 11 to Grade 12 students will

serve as the respondents of the research and will provide the primary data of the study. The data

that will be collected through the use of survey questionnaire along with the informal interview will

be used in order to substantiate the study’s survey. The secondary source of data will come from

the books, theses, online documents and other reference materials, which will be gathered as the

other source of information.

Participants

As a descriptive type of study, the researchers will conduct a survey on the Bicol College

Senior High School (BCSHS) students to determine if being absent and late may affects the

students’ academic performance. The collected data will be presented using textual and tabular

forms in order to describe in detail the variables of the study. In detail, this descriptive survey

method design has a fundamental requirement of gathering actual information through

questionnaires.

Research Instrument

This study will use a survey questionnaire as the primary instrument in its data gathering.

The questionnaire will be based on the statement of the problem, tackling on the absenteeism

and tardiness that affects the students’ academic performance.

The researchers will distribute this to the students as respondents of the study. This

questionnaire will be constructed with the collaboration of the four members of this group of

researchers along with the assistance of the subject teacher. The checklist type of questionnaire

will be chosen since it will be advantageous, particularly on the part of the researchers when they

cannot have the precious time of their respondents for informal interview.

Besides, it will only consume a short period of time that will extend the researchers’ power

of observation by administering, to remind them the topic and to help ensure that the responses

to the items that will be kept and collected will be those facts that are useful. This same

questionnaire will also be presented to the subject teacher for approval.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data gathering phase of this research will be a continuous process from the start of

the survey, until the needed data will be secured from the respondents.

• First and foremost, the researchers will prepare a checklist type of survey questionnaire

for the respondents of the study.

• Then, the researchers will personally distribute the prepared questionnaire to the

respondents. The researchers likewise, will personally collect all the survey questionnaires from

the respondents to attain a 100% retrieval rate.

• Each researcher will then work on different assignments, where each survey-identified

respondent will provide the data according to their perceptions on the effects of social media on

the students’ daily lifestyle.

• These results will be tallied, tabulated, transformed into tables and then later on, will be

interpreted and analyzed by the researchers.

• Appropriate statistical tools will be used to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of data.

• The outcome of the tallied, tabulated, interpreted and analyzed data will become the basis

of the researchers in giving their future findings, conclusions and recommendations on the study.
Statistical Treatment of the Study

The data that will be collected will be statistically treated with the use of the following

statistical tools to ensure analysis and interpretation of data to be gathered in determining the

responses of the respondents to be accurate.

As Florence Nightingale, who is a skilled statistician used statistics for such a purpose that

is to analyze social conditions and the effectiveness of public policy one must rely on observable

data to support the position as what she did.

Here, frequency count refers to the number of times that a particular score or observation

occurs to determine the number of responses of the respondents. It is the number of observations

falling in some classification categories.

The percentage will be used to determine the relative proportion of the responses in

relation to the total number of respondents. It will be taken by dividing the frequency of an answer

by the total number of respondents and the formula for computing the percentage will be:

Percentage (%) = f/n x 100

Where % stands for percentage

f = is the frequency and

n = is the number of respondents or the total population

100 = constant variable

This will help the researcher determine by means of the frequency and percentage of the

answers of the respondents on the absenteeism and tardiness that affects the students’ academic

performance.