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TENTATIVE GUIDELINES
FOR
LEAN-CEMENT CONCRETE
AND
LEAN CEMENT-FLY ASH
CONCRETE AS A PAVEMENT
BASE OR SUBBASE
TENTATIVE GUIDELINES
FOR
LEAN-CEMENT CONCRETE
AND
LEAN CEMENT-FLY ASH
CONCRETE AS A PAVEMENT
BASE OR SUBBASE
Published by
1. INTRODUCTION
Lean cement concrete and lean cement-fly ash concrete are
semi-rigid materials having distinctly superior load dispersion
characteristics as compared to conventional granular bases and sub-
bases like water-bound macadam. As such a smaller thickness of
these materials can be used to replace the conventional base and
subbase courses in flexible and rigid pavement construction.
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IRC : 74-1979
2
w
IRC : 74-1979
Eh*
12(1 — 2
)^
higher than the design wheel load, P. The values of load factor
(?«//>) recommended for the purpose are given in Table 1.
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IRC: 74-1979
Table 1
3.1. Cement
Cement for use in lean cement concrete or lean cement fly-ash
concrete should conform to the requirements of IS: 269-1976: "Speci-
fications for Ordinary, and Low Heat Portland Cement (Second
Revision)" or IS: 1489 "Specifications for Portland Pozzolana
Cement" or IS: 455-1967 "Portland Blastfurnace Slag Cement (Second
Revision)". The use of portland pozzolana cement should, however, be
restricted to lean cement concrete only. It should not be used in case
of lean-cement fly ash concrete.
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Fly ash should conform to IS: 3812 (Part II) 1966, "Standard
Specifications for Fly Ash, Part II, For Use as Admixture for
Concrete". The lime reactivity should not be less than 40 kg/cm 2 ,
fineness not less than 2800 cm 2 /gm, and carbon content not more
than 12 per cent.
3.3. Aggregates
Table 2
80mm 100
40 mm 95—100 100
20 mm 45— 60 80—100
4.75 mm 30— 40 35- 45
600 [l 8— 30 10— 35
150 [x
0— 6 0— 6
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3.4. Water
Water used in mixing or curing of concrete should be clean
and freefrom injurious amounts of deleterious matter. Potable
water is generally considered satisfactory for this purpose.
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IRC : 74-1979
1. 1 : 4 : 8 1.17 12 72.0
2. 1 : 5 10 1.73 12 53.0
3. 1 6 12 1.85 12 49.0
4. 1 : 7 : 14 1.88 12 37.0
1. 1 : 2 : 2 n : 8 1.32 12 158.0
2. 1 : 2.5 : 2.5// : 10 1.90 12 130.0
3. 1 : 3 : 3 // : 12 1.98 12 100.0
4. 1 : 3.5 : 3.5 n : 14 2.20 12 102.0
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IRC : 74-1979
4.2.3. As
a rough guide, for the stipulated 28 day compres-
sive of 40-60 kg/cm 2 , the approximate total aggregate/
strength
cement ratio will be in the range of 12-18 and water content about
9-11 per cent by weight of total dry materials, for lean cement
concrete mixes, when crushed stone is used as coarse aggregate.
5. EQUIPMENT
5.1. Batching and Mixing Equipment
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IRC ; 74-1979
without free water at the surface before laying the former. For this
purpose, the underlying layer may be saturated with water 6 to 20
hours in advance, followed by light sprinkling of water prior to lay-
ing of the semi-rigid layer, if any areas have become dry.
7. CONSTRUCTION
Fly ash, being light and very fine, gets easily air borne. As a
precautionary measure, it may be bagged, suitably covered, or soaked
with water at the top during transportion. When not bagged, it
may be stored in regular trapezoidal pits dug for the purpose. The
top surface may be either kept wet or covered with tarpaulin.
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7.6. Compaction
7.-6.1. When sufficient length of lean cement concrete/lean
cement-fly ash concrete has been laid to permit rolling, compaction
should be commenced (see para 5.2). Rolling should start from the
outer edges of the pavement and proceed towards the middle except
at superelevated portions where it should commence at the lower
edge and proceed towards the higher. Adequate number of passes
shall be given to ensure full compaction. Eight passes are generally
considered adequate for the purpose.
7.7. Joints
78. Curing
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8. SURFACE COURSE
8.1. Lean cement concrete and lean cement-fly ash concrete,
being semi-rigid materials, may develop transverse cracks on account
of thermal effects/drying shrinkage. These cracks are likely to get
reflected on to the wearing surface if this semi-rigid layer is overlaid,
with a thin bituminous wearing course (e.g. surface dressing or
premix). To prevent such reflection cracking, when lean cement
concrete/lean cement-fly ash concrete is used in composite pavement
construction, it is recommended that an intermediate layer of water
bound macadam, or bituminous macadam should be incorporated
before providing the wearing course, so as to absorb the movement
at cracks in the semi-rigid layer, and to prevent their reflection on
to the surface. Minimum thickness of this intermediate layer
plus wearing course should not be less than 10 cm.
9. QUALITY CONTROL
Quality control tests and their minimum desirable frequency
should be as given in Table 5.
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Ahhexure I
1. Design Parameters
2. Design Procedure
= 300x2.06
= 618, which falls under traffic classification E.
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:
4100
28.0=15.04-28.0
/J"
= 43.0 cm
Step 4. For ensuring a minimum load factor of 1.67, the re-
quired ultimate load carrying capacity of lean cement
fly ash concrete base.
Assuming /; = 1 6 cm
= 10 kg/cm 2
£=0.5 x 10 5 kg/cm'2
h=0.25,
radius of relative stiffness 1 is equal to
4
/
" Eh* _
4
/(0.5 xl0 5 xl6 xl6x
xl6)
V 12 (I-" 2 ) k V 12 (l-0.25 2 )x2.
= 50.2 cm
a 43.0
-°' 855
50.2
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IRC : 74-1979
= 16x1.5 + 28.0
=24.0 + 28.0=52.0 cm
which satisfies the design thickness requirement over
compacted subgrade as per CBR criteria.
4 cm Asphalttc concrete [
4. 10 cm Bituminous Macadam
15