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 Give examples of following wireless mobile systems

 Low coverage, low complexity, low hardware cost
TV remote control, garage door opener, cordless phone
 High coverage, low complexity, low hardware cost
Paging system
 High coverage, high complexity, moderate hardware cost
Cellular phone

 Give examples of following wireless base stations

 Low coverage, low complexity, moderate hardware cost
Cordless phone
 High coverage, high complexity, high hardware cost
Paging system, Cellular phone

 Low coverage, low complexity, low hardware cost

TV remote control, garage door opener

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 What is a signal?
 an electrical impulse or radio wave
transmitted or received. We deal exclusively
with signals that are functions of time.
 Signal types:
 Energy and Power Signals
 Non periodic signals are energy signals while
power signals are periodic.
 A signal cannot be an energy and a power signal at

the same time

 The signal energy Eg of g(t) is defined (for a real signal) as

 In the case of a complex valued signal g(t), the energy is given

by

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 Power of the signal is defined as

Determine its energy?

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Conversion of a signal (periodic/ non-

periodic) into frequency domain
 Fourier Series
 Periodic signals can be represented into sum
of sines and cosines when multiplied with a
certain weight
 Fourier Transform
 Non periodic signals whose area under the
curve is finite can also be represented into
integrals of the sines and cosines after being
multiplied by a certain weight

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 Process of varying a carrier

signal in order to use that
signal to convey information
 Carrier signal can transmit far
away, but information cannot
 Modem: amplitude, phase, and
frequency
 Analog: AM, amplitude, FM,
frequency, Vestigial sideband
modulation
 Digital: mapping digital
information to different
constellation: Frequency-shift
key (FSK)

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 Antenna size is a major concern

 The radiating antenna should be one tenth or
more of the wavelength
 For a speech signal (100 to 3000 Hz) corresponding wavelength will
be 100 to 3000 km
 For 1MHz signal you need antenna size of only 30 meter

λ = c/f
 Simultaneous Transmission of several Signals

(Multiplexing)
 Frequency division multiplexing,
 Time division multiplexing
 Code division multiplexing