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TEACHER TRAINING IN
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
2 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education
An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 3

CONTENTS
4 The Skills Commision
6 Foreword
7 Chair’s preface
9 Executive summary
12 Recommendations
17 Introduction
19 History of teacher training in further education
22 History of teacher training in higher education
24 Professional status
27 Professional convergence
29 Initial teacher training
33 Careers education and information, advice and guidance
34 Articulation
35 Recruitment
38 Continuing professional development
40 Postgraduate professional development
41 Teaching assistants
42 Vocational pedagogy
45 Mentoring
47 Employer engagement and the third sector
49 Higher education in further education
51 Private training provision
53 Appendix
4 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

THE SKILLS COMMISSION


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An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 5

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6 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

FOREWORD
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An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 7

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European Training Foundation
Elsevier World REducation Encyclopedia
An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 9

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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10 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

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An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 11

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RECOMMENDATIONS
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Chris Humphries, Chief Executive, UK Commission for Employment and Skills


An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 17

INTRODUCTION
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1 Barber, M, and Mourshed, M, How the World’s Best Performing School-Systems Come Out on Top, McKinsey &
Company (2008)
2 Etzioni, A, The Semi-Professions and Their Organization (1969)
3 Steedman, H, and West, J, Clearing the Jungle (2003)
4 Statistics submitted to Inquiry by Ofqual
18 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

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5 Lewisham College and London South Bank University piloted a practical teacher training course in 2007.
See http://www.edge.co.uk/project/improving-practical-teaching.
An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 19

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6 Lucas, N, The FENTO Fandango: national standards, compulsory teaching qualifications and the growing
regulation of FE college teachers, Journal of Further and Higher Education, 28:1, 35-51 (2004)
7 Ibid p.36
8 Professional Development in Further Education, Further Education Funding Council, p.22 (1999)
9 Department for Education and Skills, Success For All, p.5 (2002)
10 Department for Education and Skills, Success For All (2002)
20 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

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12 Ofsted, The Initial Teacher Training of Further Education Teachers: A Survey (2003)
An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 21

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14 Further Education Teachers’ Qualifications (England) Regulation 2007 and Further Education Teachers’ Continuing
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22 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

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16 See http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/ourwork/supportingindividuals/professionalrecognition
17 Evaluation of the Impact of Public Policy and Investments in Human Resource Management
in Higher Education Since 2001 – a report to HEFCE by Oakleigh Consulting Ltd (2009)
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24 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

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18 Written evidence submitted to the Children, Schools and Families Parliamentary Select Committee
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19 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry by Lifelong Learning UK (2009)
An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 25

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20 For a discussion of 14-19 partnership and collaboration, see Nuffield Review of 14-19 Education Issue Paper 2,
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21 Oral evidence submitted to the Inquiry by Wendy Forest, Director, The Hub (2009)
26 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

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22 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry by the Association of School and College Leaders (2009)
An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 27

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23 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry from Dr Tanya Ovenden-Hope, Head of School, Faculty of Education,
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28 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

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24 For a further discussion of APEL, see Garnett, J, Portwood, D, and Costley, C, Bridging Rhetoric and Reality:
Accreditation of Prior Experiential Learning in the UK, UVAC (2004)
25 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry by the Training Development Agency for Schools (2009)
An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 29

INITIAL TEACHER TRAINING


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26 Ofsted, Initial Teacher Training in Vocational Subjects (2007)


27 Ofsted, Initial Training of Further Education Teachers (2009)
28 Ofsted, The Initial Teacher Training of Further Education Teachers: A Survey (2003)
29 The Further Education Teachers’ Qualifications (2007)
30 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry by the Institute for Learning (2009)
31 Oral evidence given to the Inquiry by Markos Tiris, Programme Director, Learning and Skills Improvement Service (2009)
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An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 31

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32 How Providers in London are Responding to the Introduction of QTLS and its Associated Statutory Requirements, p.1,
Institute for Education and the London Centre for Excellence in Teacher Training (2008)
33 Ibid, p1
34 Professionalising the Workforce Case Studies, Westminster Partnership Partnership for Excellence and Quality
Improvement Agency, p3 (2008)
35 Oral evidence given to the Inquiry by the Association of Accounting Technicians (2009)
32 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

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36 See Inspiration and Aspiration, The final report of the Skills Commission’s Inquiry into Information,
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37 Unleashing Aspiration, The Final Report of the Panel on Fair Access to the Professions (2009)
38 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry by Ofsted (2009)
34 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

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39 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry by the 157 Group (2009)


An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 35

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40 LLUK and GTC survey data


41 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry by Dr Tanya Ovenden-Hope, Head of School, Faculty of Education,
University of Plymouth (2009)
42 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry by Lifelong Learning UK (2009)
43 See Conservative Party draft manifesto for schools at
http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Schools.aspx (2009)
44 Data from the Institute for Learning’s 2007/08 Staff Individualised Record
36 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

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45 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry by City and Guilds (2009). Also see Research on career change pathways
into teaching, Australian Department for Education, Science and Training (2007)
46 See Margo, J, Those Who Can? Institute for Public Policy Research (2008)
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Education for All, Final report from the Nuffield Review of 14-19 Education
38 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

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47 Access to Effective and Equitable Continuing Professional Development Opportunities for Teachers,
Tutors and Trainers in the Lifelong Learning Sector, Lifelong Learning UK (2008)
48 See the Children, Schools and Families Bill (2009)
49 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry by e-skills (2009)
50 For further details see the Institute for Learning’s website http://www.ifl.ac.uk/
51 For further details see the Training and Development Agency’s website http://www.tda.gov.uk/
An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 39

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40 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

POSTGRADUATE
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52 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry by the Universities’ Council for the Education of Teachers (2009)
53 UK Skills is a not for profit organisation. It champions skills and learning for work through the delivery of innovative,
high profile competitions and awards
54 World Skills is an international competition for 17-22 year olds to demonstrate their excellence in the skilled professions.
The World Skills competition will be held in London in 2011
55 Oral evidence given to the Inquiry by UK Skills (2009)
An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 41

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56 Margo,J, Those Who Can?,p.6, Institute for Public Policy Research (2008)
57 Ofsted, Initial Training for Vocational Subjects, p.2 (2007)
58 Thompson,R, and Robinson,D, Changing step or marking time? Teacher education reforms for the learning
and skills sector in England, Journal of Further and Higher Education,32:2,161-173 (2008)
59 Written evidence submitted to the Skills Commission by Lewisham College (2009)
60 Oral evidence given to the Inquiry by Dr Mary Bousted, Association of Teachers and Lecturers (2009)
61 Diploma Survery Report, p.36, Association of Colleges (2009)
An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 43

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Recommendation 18
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62 The Diploma and its Pedagogy, Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (2008)
63 For a further discussion of vocational pedaogies see Nasta,T, The Knowledge That You Use Every Day:
Easing the transition of those who enter teaching from vocational backgrounds, London Centre for Excellence
in Teacher Training, Institute of Education (2009)
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An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 45

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64 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry by Rebecca Eliahoo, Senior Lecturer, University of Westminster (2009)
65 Cunningham,B, All the Right Features: Towards an ‘architecture’ for mentoring trainee teachers in UK further education colleges (2007)
66 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry by Dr John Lea and James Noble-Rogers, Universities’ Council for the Education of Teachers (2009)
67 Ofsted, The Initial Teacher Training of Further Education Teachers: A Survey (2003)
68 Ofsted, Initial Training of Further Education Teachers (2009)
69 For a further discussion see Derrick,J An Investigation into the Mentoring of Trainee Teachers in the Lifelong Learning Sector in London,
London Centre for Excellence in Teacher Training, Institute for Education (2008)
70 Wallace, S and Gravells, J, Mentoring in Further Education (2005)
46 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

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71 Written evidence submitted to the Skills Commission by Rebecca Eliahoo, Senior Lecturer,
University of Westminster (2009)
72 Written evidence submitted to the Inquiry by the Dr John Lea and James Noble-Rogers,
Universities’ Council for the Education of Teachers (2009)
An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 47

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73 The Catalyst programme was established in response to the 2006 white paper, Raising Skills, Improving Life Changes.
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teachers in further education.
48 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

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74 Unleashing Aspiration: The Final Report of the Panel on Fair Access to the Professions, p.80 (2009)
75 One in Eight - The Voice of Higher Education Students in FE Colleges, p.6, 157 Group (2009)
76 Unleashing Aspiration: The Final Report of the Panel on Fair Access to the Professions, p.85 (2009)
77 See Inquiry into Higher Education (Dearing Report) (1997) and Higher Ambitions: The Future of Universities
in the Knowledge Economy (2009)
78 Higher Education Funding Council, Foundation degrees: key statistics 2001-02 to 2007-08 (2008)
79 Ibid
50 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

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80 For a further discussion see Parry,G, Davies,P and Williams,J, Difference, Diversity and Distinctiveness –
Higher Education in the Learning and Skills Sector (2004)
An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 51

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81 Simpson, L, The Private Training Market in the UK, Inquiry into the Future of Lifelong Learning (2009)
82 Labour Market Outlook, CIPD/KPMG (Spring 2007)
83 Excellence and Fairness: Achieving world class public services, Cabinet Office (2008)
84 Re-skilling after Recovery: After Leitch, implementing skills and training policies, Innovation, Universities,
Science and Skills Select Committee (2009)
An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 53

APPENDIX 1
Contributors
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*URXS

Witnesses
Evidence session 1
$OLVRQ$WNLQVRQ 7UDLQLQJDQG'HYHORSPHQW$JHQF\IRU6FKRROV
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54 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

Evidence session 2
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0DUN'DZNLQV /HZLVKDP&ROOHJH
6LPRQ7RORUDP /HZLVKDP&ROOHJH
-RKQ:KLWH /HZLVKDP&ROOHJH

Evidence session 3
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/LVD6ODWHU ,QGXVWULDO7UXVW
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&ROLQ:LOPDQ )HGHUDWLRQRI6PDOO%XVLQHVVHV

Evidence session 4
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An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 55

APPENDIX 2
Initialisms
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56 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

APPENDIX 3
Evidence submitted by the Training and Development Agency for Schools
The number of trainee teachers undertaking PGCEs over the last four years.
9RFDWLRQDOVXEMHFWVDUHKLJKOLJKWHGLQGDUNHUEOXH

Year
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
Registrations
New entrants New entrants New entrants New entrants
TDA subject

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An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 57

$SSOLHGVFLHQFH    
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Total 25,660 24,643 23,676 23,590

Teacher training institutions providing training for vocational subjects


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58 An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education

Pay Scale for classroom teachers (from 1 Sept 2008)

Annual salary Annual salary Annual salary Annual salary


England and Inner London Outer London Fringe area
Wales area area
(excl. London)
… … … …
Scale point

P    


P    
P    
P    
P    
P    

Pay Scale for unqualified teachers (from 1 Sept 2008)

Annual salary Annual salary Annual salary Annual salary


England and Inner London Outer London Fringe area
Wales area area
(excl. London)
… … … …
Scale point

    


    
    
    
    
    
An Inquiry by the Skills Commission into Teacher Training in Vocational Education 59
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