Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Masaru Q. Nakaegawa
MECHANICS
- oldest branch of Physics
- study of the bodies and systems and the forces acting on them
Basic Concepts
1. Particle: is a body of negligible dimensions
2. Rigid Body: is that body whose changes in shape are negligible compared with its overall
dimensions or with the changes in position of the body as a whole, such as rigid link, rigid disc, etc.
3. Absolute motion: the motion of body in relative to another body which is at rest or to a fixed
point located on this body.
5. Scalar quantities: are those quantities which have magnitude only, e.g. mass, time, volume,
density, etc.
6. Vector quantities: are those quantities which have magnitude as well as direction, e.g. velocity,
acceleration, force, etc.
Kinematics
Branch of dynamics which is responsible to study the motion of bodies
without reference to the forces which are cause this motion, i.e. it
relates the motion variables (displacement, velocity, acceleration) with
the time
Speed
• The average speed of an object is equal to the total distance traveled
in a given unit of time.
• It is a scalar quantity because it has no direction.
∆𝑑
𝑣𝑠 =
∆𝑡
∆𝑑
𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 =
∆𝑡
Velocity
Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of the object at a particular
instant. Its magnitude is equal to the slope of the line tangent to the
point corresponding to the given time t.
𝑑𝑠
𝑣= 𝑒𝑖
𝑑𝑡
𝑒𝑖 = unit tangent vector
Acceleration
Acceleration is defined as the time rate of change of velocity.
∆𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑒 =
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
Rectilinear Translation
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
A type of motion in which a body moves in a straight line or is moving in the
direction parallel to its displacement.
UNIFORM MOTION
A motion with constant speed or velocity [a = 0]
𝑑𝑣
(2) 𝑎 = 𝑑𝑡
s = displacement
v = velocity
a = acceleration
t = time
Rectilinear Translation (Motion Along a Straight Line)
𝑑𝑠
𝑣=
𝑑𝑡
Example 1
𝑑𝑣
𝑎=
𝑑𝑡
𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑣
Example 2
𝑑𝑣
𝑎=
𝑑𝑡
𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑣
Example 3
𝑑𝑣
𝑎=
𝑑𝑡
𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑣
Example 4 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑠
Example 5 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑠
What velocity did an airplane take off from a field that has a run of 500
m if it starts from rest, moves with a constant acceleration and makes
the run in 30 s?
Example 6 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑠
From the speed of 100 kph, a car decelerates at the rate of 15 m/min/sec
along a straight road. Find the distance travelled at the end of 40 sec.
ANSWER: s = 911.1111 m
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑡
Example 7 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑠
ANSWER: t = 3.4091 s
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑡
Example 8 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑠
Two buses start at the same time towards each other from terminals A
and B, 8 km apart. The time needed for the first bus to travel from A to
B is 8 minutes and for the second bus from B to A is 10 minutes. How
much time is needed by each bus to meet each other, if they traveled
at their respective uniform speeds?
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑡
Example 9 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑠
Example 10 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑠
Example 11 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑠
Example 12 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑠
Example 13 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑠
At the instant the traffic light turns green, an automobile that has been
waiting at an intersection starts from rest with a constant acceleration
of 2 m/s2. At the same instant, a truck travelling with a constant
velocity of 10 m/s overtakes and passes the automobile. (a) How far
beyond its starting point will the automobile overtake the truck? (b)
How fast will the car and the truck be travelling at that instant?
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑡
Example 14 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑠
Example 15 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑠
Example 16 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑠
Example 17 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑠
A car starting from rest picks up at a uniform rate and passes three
electric posts in succession. The posts are spaced 360 m apart along a
street road. The car takes 10 s to travel from the first post to the
second post and 6 seconds to go fro the second to third. Where did the
car start from the first post?