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• Digital AVR and/or Governor with built-in testing and data recording
capabilities
• Specialized testing equipment, such as, Powertech’s Tabula data
acquisition system (hardware & software)
• Other off-the-shelf digital recorder
Simulation Tools:
• Power flow and short-circuit analysis (PSAT, PSS/E, PSLF…)
• Time domain simulation (TSAT, PSS/E, PSLF, DigSILENT,
PowerWorld…)
• Eigenvalue analysis (SSAT, …) & PSS tuning tools (CDT)
• MATLAB/Simulink for controls
Transfer function of
device under test
Observe
Apply a step input of same response of
size as in Field Test. transfer function
1.1
1.0
0.9
Terminal Voltage(pu)
0.8
0.5
0.4
Data
0.3
Air-gap line
0.2 Fitting model
0.1
0.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
Field Current (pu)
VREF
VRMAX=+99 VT-Measured
VF-Measured +
∑ EFD G
−
VRMIN=-99 VT-Simulated
200
100 1.2
0
1
Vf ( VDC)
-100 Measured
-200 0.8 Simulated
Vt (pu)
-300
0.6
-400
-500 0.4
-600
0.2
-700
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
Time (Sec) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (Sec)
T’do Validation from Excitation Removal Test for Generating Unit with Static Excitation System
1.2
4
2 1
0 0.8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
-2 Vt (adjusted)
0.6
-4
-6 Vef (adjusted) 0.4
-8
0.2
-10
-12 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
T’do Validation for Generating Unit with Excitation System using Brushless Exciter
Generator D- and Q-axis Model Parameter Validation for a Generating Unit with Static Exciter
Generator D- and Q-axis Model Parameter Validation for a Generating Unit with Brushless Exciter
G
X = XT (0.12, 0.20)
VS
P = P0, VT = VT0, Q = Q0
VT VS
P sin
X P (Q
2 VT2 2 VV
) ( T S )2
2 X X
Q V T
VT VS
cos
X X
Notes:
1) P and Q should be per unit VT2 2
value on 100 MVA base VS P (Q
2
) X / VT
X
2) VT is p.u. value on
generator voltage base
Simple Case Setup for Simulating Load Rejection Tests
18 - Generating Unit Model Validation – August 2017
Validation Example – D-axis Parameters Cont’d
Fitting X”d, X’d, T”do Fitting T’d0 Fitting Xd
1.0
0.8
0.7
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Time (Seconds)
1.2
1
0.8
Vf (pu)
0.6
0.4 Measured Vf (pu)
0.2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Time (Seconds)
1.0
0.8
0.7
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Time (Seconds)
• All the excitation systems have been tested for voltage steps as part of
the site commissioning and acceptance test, so this field testing is
straight-forward except digital AVRs using proprietary software
• Set up a power flow case such that the generator terminal voltage can
be changed with the voltage reference
AVR+EX G
X = 99+j 999 (pu)
24
65
60 22 Measured MW
35 14
30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time (Seconds) Time (Seconds)