EXP.

NO:
EXP.NO:
[S] MATRIX OF A E-PLANE, H-PLANE AND MAGIC TEE
DATE:

AIM:
To determine the [S] matrix of E-plane, H-plane and Magic Tee .
EQUIPMENTS / INSTRUMENTS:
Klystron power supply, Klystron mount, Isolator, Attenuator, Frequency meter, VSWR meter,
Magic tee and Matched terminations.
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:

KLYSTRON VSWR
POWER SUPPLY METER

KLYSTRON VARIABLE TUNABLE CRYSTAL

ISOLATOR DETECTOR MOUNT
MOUNT ATTENUATOR

Fig (A) For input power measurement

KLYSTRON VSWR
POWER SUPPLY METER

TUNABLE
KLYSTRON VARIABLE MAGIC CRYSTAL
ISOLATOR ATTENUATOR TEE DETECTOR
MOUNT
MOUNT
Fig (B) For coupled isolated power measurement

THEORY:
E-PLANE TEE (SERIES TEE) :
E-plane tee is a three port waveguide tee. The axis of its side arms is parallel to the E-field of the
main guide as shown in figure. The collinear arms are symmetric. The power fed in port 3 is
E-PLANE TEE:
PORT 3
PORT 2

E-ARM→

PORT 1 E

H-PLANE TEE:

PORT 2

H-ARM

PORT 1 →H

PORT 3
equally dividing into arm 1 and arm 2. The output port power appearing at port 1 and port 2 of
the collinear arm will be equal in magnitude and 1800 out of phase with each other. The power
fed in port 1 and port 2 means output at port 3 will be difference between port 1and port 2.
Therefore it is also known as differencer.

H-PLANE TEE (SHUNT TEE):

H-plane tee is a three port device. It is a waveguide tee in which the axis of its side arm is
shunting the E-field or parallel to the H-field of the main guide. Therefore, it is also called shunt
tee. The port 3 is usually the input port. The arms 1 and 2 are output ports. H-arm is usually
matched. If two input waves are fed into port 1 and port 2 of the collinear arms, the output wave
at port 3 will be in phase and additive. If the input is fed into port 3, the wave will split equally
into port 1 and port 2 in phase and equal in magnitude.
MAGIC TEE:
A four port junction which is a combination of an E-plane and H-plane Tees is called Hybrid
Tee. When matching elements are introduced to reduce the reflections, it is called a magic Tee.
The arm which makes an H-plane tee with the collinear arms is called H-arm or shunt arm. The
fourth arm which makes E-plane Tee with the collinear arms is called E-arm or series arm. The
shunt and series arms are cross polarized i.e, the voltage vectors in these two arms are
perpendicular to each others. Therefore as long as there is nothing within the junction to rotate
the polarization, there can be no coupling between the two arms. The E and H-plane arms are
matched by employing ports and arises to minimize reflections from these two ports.
The magic associated with the hybrid junction is the way in which the power is divided in
the various arms. The signal fed into the shunt or H-arm divides its. If equally and in phase in
the two side arms with no coupling in the E-arm when the signal is fed into the series or E-arm it
also divides itself equally in the two arms, but this time the two halves are 180O out of phase and
there is no coupling to the H-arm. If the power is fed into one of the side arms, it divides equally
in the shunt and series arm and there is no coupling in the other side arm. That is to say finally
that in a magic Tee, opposite arms are isolated.

The magic tee can also be used as a signal combined. If the signal are fed to both the side
arms they will combine in phase in H-arm and 180 out of phase in E-arm.

ISOLATION BETWEEN E AND H-ARMS:

If the power flowing into E arm is taken as PE and power flowing into H-arm as PH then,

Isolation (dB) = -10 log10 PH/PE

POWER DIVISION:

The power fed in either the E or H arm should divide itself equally in the both the side
arms, when the opposite port is match terminated if we designate the power entering the E arm as
TABULATION:

E-PLANE TEE:

O/P
I/P PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3
PORT 1
PORT 2
PORT 3

H-PLANE TEE:

O/P
I/P PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3
PORT 1
PORT 2
PORT 3
PE and power in side arms as Pc1 and Pc2 , then the ratio of the power coupled in side arms to that
entering in the E-arm is given by the relation.

Coupling (dB) = -10 log10 Pc1/PH

= -10 log10 Pc2/PH

PROCEDURE:

• Set up the equipment as shown in figure.

• Keep the control knobs of klystron power supply as below:
▪ Mode switch: AM
▪ Beam voltage knob: fully anticlockwise
▪ Repeller voltage knob: fully clockwise
▪ Meter switch: Cathode voltage position
• Measurement or isolation between E and H arms
• Set the attenuator around 20 dB. Let this setting be (A1) dB.
• Achieve a state reference reading on the SWR meter, preferably in 40 dB range
of the SWR meter .
• Disconnect and setup as shown in figure.
• Reduce the attenuation till the SWR meter reads the value obtained in step 5. Note
the attenuation (A2) dB. The difference in the attenuator settings (A1-A2) dB
gives the isolation in dB.
• Experimental setup for demonstrating the 3 dB power division in the collinear
arms.
• Now the power input be either at E or Harms.
• Set the attenuator to get reference reading on the SWR meter without the
component under test. Note attenuator setting (A1) dB.
• Connect the component under test.
• Reduce the attenuation to get the reference reading obtained in step 10.
• Note down the attenuator setting (A2) dB.
• The difference in the attenuator settings gives the ratio of the power coupled to
the collinear arm to that in the main arm in dB. This value should be around 3 dB.
MAGIC TEE:

E-ARM

COLLINEAR ARM

H-ARM

TABULATION:

O/P COLLINEAR COLLINEAR

I/P ARM 1 ARM 2 H-PLANE E-PLANE
COLLINEAR
ARM 1
COLLINEAR
ARM 2
H-PLANE

E-PLANE
RESULT:
Thus the [S] matrix of E-plane, H-plane and Magic Tee were determined.