Types of lighting, different lighting devices, incandescent lamps,

fluorescent lamps, other gas discharged lamps, illumination, and units of

Electric lighting: illumination.

In lighting system the heights are to be located to get uniform illumination. Both direct
and indirect lighting can be used, but then the indirect type is preferable. In this the light rays
are reflected from ceilings and walls, thus does not strike the eyes of tb he people around
directly.

Illumination: one foot candle unit is the illumination produced by one candle at a distance of
one foot.

Lumen: one lumen means one foot candle on one square foot area. Consumption of lamps given
in watts and the efficiency by the amount of lumens produced per watts consumed.

Lux : is the unit of illumination equal to 1 lumen per mt. sq.

Lamp Types:

1. 1. Carbon filament: consists of carbon filament in evacuated glass bulb. Life about 800hrs.
2. Metal filaments: here tungsten is used as filament. Life about 850 hrs.
3. Gas filled coil filament: inert gas such as nitrogen, argon etc. put inside the bulb and coil
filament incorporated. Light much whiter than vacuum bulbs.
4. Mercury or sodium vapour lamp : these are mainly used for street lighting. The colour of
light depends on gas used. These come in high intensity and low intensity version.
5. Neon-tube lights: used for sign boards and advertisement purpose.
6. 6. Fluorescent tubes: this is similar to mercury vapour type with a coating of fluorescent
material on the inside of the tube. 40 watt power, in effect like 100 watt of metal filament
lamp. Gives glare less shadows, cool light. Useful for all general lighting. Life about 2000
hrs.
7. Incandescent lamps: here light produced by passing electric current through tungsten
filament inside the bulb and light comes from the glowing white hot filament.
8. LED : Very high efficient lighting of 100 lumens and long life.

Device to be properly selected for efficient and purposeful indoor and outdoor lighting
maintaining lower light level for energy conservation.

Types of Lighting :

1. Direct Lighting
2. Indirect Lighting
3. Diffused Lighting
4. Semi-direct Lighting
5. Semi-indirect Lighting

External Lighting: Good internal light create good atmosphere and mood, thus making hotel
inside quite comfortable and congenital for use and even food also more appetizing rather.

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 Types of lighting, different lighting devices, incandescent lamps,
fluorescent lamps, other gas discharged lamps, illumination, and units of
External lighting should be such that the hotel stands out significantly from the surrounding
illumination.
lighted areas. It should make the hotel sign clearly visible from a distance. The hotel entrance to
be illuminated at a level higher than street lights as far as practicable, having proper brightness.
For external lighting mercury vapour lamps on aluminium poles could be gainfully arranged. To
use outdoor (external) lights only when needed. For this they may be put on a photocell unit that
will turn them off automatically during daylight hours.

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