AN EXCURSION REPORT

DONE AT

FUMMAN FARMS NIGERIA LIMITED

ORILE-OSUPA, OGO-OLUWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT, AJAAWA,

OYO STATE.

BY

ALABI TOLUWALOPE PRAISE

MATRIC NUMBER: 130435
SUBMITTED TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF

CROP AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,OGBOMOSO,

OYO STATE,NIGERIA.

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD

OF A BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH) DEGREE IN CROP AND
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.

JULY, 2018.
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Excursion can be defined as a short journey to a place of interest usually for pleasure, it can also

be defined as an educational trip, it is the visitation of agricultural students to agricultural farms to

provide opportunities for new experience and learning.

The excursion was carried out at FUMMAN FARMS NIGERIA LIMITED. The farm is

located at Orile-Osupa, Ogo-Oluwa local government, Oyo State.we were welcomed by the field

supervisor in person of Mr olarenwaju Femi aswell lectured by the farm consultant in person of mr

Ralph Ojah.

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

The farm was established in the year 2006 with the sole aim of cultivating fruit crops such as

Citrus,Guava, pineapple and Mango.Thereby acquiring a large expanse of land with the total mass of

135hectares. It is subsidiary of the funman group of companies. The farm started with the planting of

pineapple in 2006-2010 with 5million stands.

PURPOSE OF THE EXCURSION

 To further stimulate the interest of agriculture as a noble profession in the internees.

 To teach skill in handling tools, equipment, and machine in agriculture.

 To prove to students that they can be their own employers and even create job for others.

 To learn from on-the-job experience of those already employed in agricultural concerns.

 To demonstrate a seeing is believing kind of experience for those areas where facilities are

inadequate on the farm

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  To avail internees the further demonstration of what they have learnt during the internship

period.

 For pleasure in a sense that internees enjoy themselves, mix with one another and the staff

who train them.

 It provides opportunities for new experience and learning.

FUMMAN FARMS is a group of companies and is a place where raw materials are produced

for juice such as guava, pawpaw, pineapple, citrus and passion fruits.

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 CHAPTER TWO

PRODUCTION AND PROTECTION TECHNIQUES INVOLVED IN PINEAPPLE

PRODUCTION

This involved the propagation of crops on the farm and all measures taken to protect the crops

against diseases and pest that may affect their development and production for human and

development.

Land Clearing and preparation for pineapple production

This is the removal of vegetations from a virgin land and this is done through ploughing and

harrowing. The land is first plough for 10-14days and after that the second ploughing is done. The time

between the first and second ploughing can be used to treat The soil against weed using systemic

herbicide and you can leave it for 5days before you can harrow it. Harrowing is used for smoothen the

ground then followed by ridging.

Planting Materials

The planting materials include suckers, crown and slip, the materials should be disinfected

against diseases with a mixture of insecticides and fungicide by dipping the planting materials into the

solution for 30mins then they are allowed to dry.

Planting Activities

For commercial purposes you can plant 40,000 suckers per hectares and 40cm by 40cm by

80cm spacing can be used. Fertilizers can be applied 3month after planting such as ammonium sulphate
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or you can use urea, crown is preferred mostly for planting pineapple because crown resist disease

more than the sucker, it takes 2months for pineapple to flower normally but if they stimulate them it

will flower in 7wks and pineapple can be ready for harvest in the next 5months from the day they are

induced.

Weed Control

They can be controlled manually using hand, hoe and they can also be controlled using

chemicals such as herbicide, there are herbicide pineapple tolerance such as atraxin, fusolade,

eagrowfly, manual spraying reduce cost, boom sprayer and knapsack sprayer can be used for applying

the chemicals, pineapple is a shallow rooted crop so fertilizer is applied in the 3rdmonth and the second

one can be applied in the next 7months.

Diseases

The following are diseases that attack pineapplesheartrut, mealy bug, nematodes etc.

Irrigation of pineapples

Sprinkler and dam irrigation can be used for planting pineapple, dam irrigation can be done in

the morning and evening.

VARIETIES OF PINEAPPLE AT FUMMAN FARM

 Smooth cayenne

 Sugar loof

 MD-2

 Slit

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Fig. 1: Pineapple

VARIETIES OF CITRUS
Varieties of orange include
 Agege sweet
 Washington larva
 Midnight valential
 Valential late

Fig. 2: Citrus spp

VARIETIES OF MANGO PLANTED AT FUMMAN FARMS

 Kent and keith mango
 Ogbomosho mango
 Pama mango
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 Fig. 3:Mango seedlings

SPECIAL ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN FUMMAN FARMS

BUDDING

Budding is used for citrus, Branches of the orange to be cloned is selected and a bud is removed with a

sharp blade, the band of a rootstock stem is cut longitudinally at 4-6 inches above ground and

transversally at the base of the first cut forming aninverted ‘T’cut . The bud is inverted from the bottom

up in the prepared inverted ‘’T” cut on the root storm stem, the bud is wrapped with a plastic strip.

Materials that can be used for budding include;

1. Secateur

2. Budding knife

3. Budding wood

4. Budding tape

5. Scion

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 Fig. 4: Budding

GRAFTING

Grafting is used for mango, grafting a mango tree involve transferring a piece of a mature, bearing tree

(scion) to a different seedling tree.

Materials used for grafting include;

1. Grafting knife

2. Plastic electrical and masking tapes

3. Grafting tape

4. Asphalt water emulsion

5. Dormant scions

NURSERY OPERATION

Nursery operation is a place where young plants are tendered for intensive care before they are

transferred to the farm, nursery bags were filled with soil and poultry waste for planting of cocoa seeds

and mango seeds and they are kept in a control environment under green house.
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Fig 5: A screen house for nursing young seedlings

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

3.1CONCLUSION

This has afforded the opportunity to be exposed to various aspects of agricultural production

such as raw materials used in the production of the juice.It has also given students a platform to

experience the uniqueness and joy of excursion.

3.2 RECOMMENDATION

 The faculty should engage the student in more excursion programs as this will provide a

desirable learning experience.

 The excursion program should be extended to other fields of agriculture as this will give the

student a wider view of agricultural activities.

9
love myself.

The world has a need for me.

I am unique.

I can and I will do things to promote healing in my life.

I can handle this one step at a time.

The sun is shining; I am ready to take on another day.

My problem has a solution; I will work on a plan.

I am a survivor.

I refuse to give up because I haven’t tried all possible ways.

I will inhale confidence and exhale doubt.

I may be one in 7 billion but I am also one in 7 billion!

I am smart.

I believe I can change the world (or at least my corner of it).

I am important.

Today, I will celebrate me.

I matter.

I can find peace through prayer and meditation.

I am strong.

10
My confidence is beautiful.

I am imperfect but I’m perfectly me.

My smile can make someone feel better.

I choose to focus on what I can control.

Everything will work out in the end. If it hasn’t worked out yet, it’s not the end.

I am happy with who I am.

Every day, in every way, I am becoming better and better.

I am a good person.

I keep going because I believe in myself.

I choose to see the good in the people I interact with today.

It is always too early to give up on my goals.

I can reach out for help if I need it.

I am special; I will not change myself for anyone.

I choose hope.

The answer is right before me, even if I do not see it right now.

I am thankful for…

I choose to take good care of myself.

I accept myself.

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I can make a difference.

My past does not define my future, I do.

My life is filled with possibility.

I refuse to be pushed by my problems; I will be led by my dreams.

I am awake and ready to be awesome.

I will focus on my talents; I have things to share with the world.

I choose to have the strength to move on to healthier relationships.

I deserve good things in life.

I release myself from my anger.

I love who I am.

I will allow peace to fill my soul.

Today is a new day; I will see what adventure it holds.

I choose to be proud of myself.

I will do my absolute best in all things.

I will speak kindly to others and to myself.

I choose to be brave and tell others if I need their support.

I have the power to control my reactions to the challenges I will face.

I am becoming healthier each and every day.

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I choose to see each obstacle as an opportunity to grow.

I will step out of my comfort zone and try something new today.

I am a success; I can make this a great day.

Note to self: You are amazing.

I can control my breathing.

I will stay calm, it will get better.

I allow myself to forgive; it will allow me to move beyond the pain, to a place of peace.

I choose to make today amazing.

I choose to let the past go and move on to the future.

Today, I will be courageous.

I release all fear from my mind.

I can reach my goals, I am unstoppable.

I am ready to write a new chapter for my life.

I will take the time to notice and be thankful for the little things.

I can write down my thoughts and take control of my emotions.

I am a child of God.

My hard work is already paying off.

I am thankful for life.

13
I choose to be happy.

I accept the good that is flowing into my life.

I will not allow anxious thoughts to steal my joy.

Today, I forgive myself.

My body knows how to get better; I will listen to it and rest when needed.

I am stronger than my worries.

I’m not the only one who struggles; I choose to be kind to everyone that I meet.

Yesterday was a bad day, not a bad life. Today will be better.

I am braver than I feel.

While I wait for the storm to pass, I will choose to dance in the rain.

I am loved.

I will remember; often difficult roads lead to beautiful destinations.

There is more to life than this moment; I choose to keep moving forward.

I am capable of bringing my dreams to life.

I am okay. I am breathing. I am alive.

I am capable of achieving great things.

I light the world with my smile.

My spirit is beautiful.

14
I make a difference in the world.

I allow myself to take a break and do something I enjoy.

I can show kindness to others.

I’m not sure what will happen tomorrow, but I’ll take care of myself so I am strong enough to

face it.

I choose to approach my problems with a calm heart and mind.

I trust myself.

I will do my best with whatever comes my way.

I have a purpose that I am fulfilling.

I will listen to that whisper of hope that says, ‘you can do it, try again’.

I can change my life.

I will learn from yesterday, live for today and hope for tomorrow.

make my list

DETERMINANT OF COCOA PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA, 1991-2018

BY

KOLAPO OLUBAYO JAMES

15
MATRIC NUMBER :133348

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL

SCIENCES, LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OGBOMOSO, P. M. B

4000, OYO STATE NIGERIA.

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE

OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B. TECH) IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO STUDY

cocoa is a bean that is in high demand all over the world especially by developed countries,. Cocoa

has several uses and benefits to an economy.

Cocoa is botanically called theobroma cacao. Cocoa belongs to the genus theobroma in the family

of sterculiacea, cocoa belongs to the group of crops referred to as "beverage crops" due to their

importance in the production of beverages of different kinds. It is native of tropical for3st of upper

amazon basin of South America where it was introduced to West Africa including Nigeria in the

nineteenth century with the first cocoa farmer in Nigeria known as chief squiss ibaningeo po at Bonny

in rivers state in 1874. Popularly called the golden or money tree in Nigeria. Cocoa is an important

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export and cash crop grown in Ondo, Cross river, Osun, Oyo, Ogun, Edo, Ekiti, Abia, Kwara, koji,

Akwa ibom, Delta,Taraba and Adamawa states. It is mostly propagated by seeds and it is produced

within latitudes 20° North and 20° south with tropical lowland forest, temperature between 15.5°-

33.50° and the rainfall not less than 25cm for 7 consecutive months for adequate water supply. The soil

requirement is bright red and deep sandyclay with no physical obstructions. It is sensitive to harmattan

but thrives best where harmattan can be easily overcome.

Africa is the largest producer of cocoa to the international market, which are normally in Europe

and America. Ivory Coast, Ghana and Nigeria share the largest contribution to the world market and

Ivory Coast by far share the highest producer by producing up to 39% of world output (UNCTAD,

2004). while the contribution of Nigeria and Ghana is 19% and 16% respectively (UNCTAD, 2004).

But our focus is on Nigeria.

World cocoa output was estimated to have increased by 50% in the early period of independence of the

countries output,with practically the whole increase coming from West Africa (Ivory Coast, Ghana and

Nigeria mainly). Explaining the basis of this increase the FAO(1966) had this to say, West African

production in which Nigeria participated fully can only be explained by the coming into bearing of

your trees, an increasing proportion of which were of amazon and selected high yielding amelonado

varieties and the effects of spraying against diseases and pests.

In the early part before and after the independence in Nigeria. Nigeria was solely dependent on

agricultural output such as cocoa as means of income for the government.

It is widely acknowledged that Nigeria has a wide range of natural resources which agriculture can be

said to be included. This enormous base cocoa, if we'll managed could be a support to the

manufacturing sector (industrialization) by providing supplies of raw materials for the needs of the

industrial sector as well as providing gainful employment for the unemployed people.

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In Nigeria, cocoa is very important part of the cash crop family in the agricultural sector. So, the

downward movement in the whole composing variables in the sector and of course, the comprising

variables includes all other agricultural products contributing to aggregate agricultural output.

Countries like coled'ivoire and Ghana have their aggregate agricultural output on the increase solely or

primarily because they have a growing and versatile cocoa sub-sector which is probably one of the

largest in the international commodity market. As it is commonly said, agriculture in the mainstay of a

traditional society in a country like coted'ivoire,it is right to further say that cocoa in their mainstay in

the economy because cocoa contribute to the bulk of the agricultural sector.

The expansion of cocoa production is expected to eliminate possible trade distributions arising from

externally dependent economy by ensuring availability of raw materials for industries. This process

could lead to an expansion in the country's industrial activities with a multiplier effect in employment

opportunities for all the stakeholders in the economy such as the farm workers, factory processors and

product distributors among others.

The importance inherent of cocoa in any economy is rather vast because it serves as food and raw

materials ( beverages, butter) in local use and export. Cocoa production can be the main source of a

country's foreign exchange earning as well as a significant part of the GDP.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Nigeria produce a little more than half of what

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