AUTOMATIC GAS BOOKING AND LEAKAGE DETECTOR SYSTEM

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction to Automatic gas booking and leakage detector system :

Today in this present era where technological advances are at its vertex, there is not
even a single sector which remains untouched by technology. Technology has not
merely established our lives simpler, but also offers a high level of safety and security
wherever required. In our day to day lives, we all use cooking fuel for cooking our
daily meals, but if this fuel gets leaked due to some or the other way and then there is
a large possibility of a calamity to occur around. Hazards due to gas leakage are
dangerous can cause loss of consciousness or even death. If timely actions are not
taken then there is possibility of fire which can damage property and contents
sometimes human loss may takes place. Also the sudden completion of LPG cylinder
is also a problem related to LPG which creates inconvenience in our daily life. Several
standards have been implemented for the gas leakage detection system.

There are many existing systems which can detect leakage using different gas
sensors. Developed systems have used arduino , gas sensor, and some other
components. For automatic cylinder booking there is an existing system that does
booking using GSM module. Systems developed till date has either a gas detection
module or automatic cylinder booking module. We have developed a prototype which
is having both the features that are of leakage detection and gas booking. The main
objective of this project is to monitor for LPG leakage to avoid major fire accidents
and also provides safety where security has been an important issue and sending SMS
to the user about cylinder requirement. Arduino is the microcontroller used for
developing the prototype. All other components are connected to arduino. The system
detects the leakage of the LPG using gas sensor and alerts the consumer about the gas
leakage by sending SMS. The system measure the weight of cylinder by using load
cell sensor. The proposed system uses the TextLoacal to alert the person about the gas
leakage via SMS and status of cylinder. When the system identifies that LPG
concentration in the air reaches the specified level then it alert the consumer by
sending SMS to registered mobile phone and activates buzzer. When system detects
the weight of cylinder below particular level, system sends SMS for cylinder booking.

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Our system is using HC-05 Bluetooth Module for the connection of an android device
with the system.

The research is aimed at developing the security of Home against LPG gas leakage
or Fire. In your absence,if the above incident happen, the device send message
corresponding number. A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network
consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to monitor
physical or environmental conditions. A WSN system incorporates a gateway that
provides wireless connectivity back to the wired world and distributed nodes

1.2 Literature Survey:

Safety plays a major role in today‟s world and it is necessary that good safety systems
are to be ISSN:2348-2079 247 Rathanasabhapathy G et al., Inter. J. Int. Adv. & Res. In
Engg. Comp., Vol.–06(01) 2018 [24implemented in places of education and work.
This work modifies the existing safety model used in homes. The main objective of the
work is design in microcontroller detecting and alerting system. The gases like LPG
and propane were sensed and displayed each and every second in the LCD display. If
these gases exceed the normal level then an alert message (SMS) is sent to the
authorized person . The advantage of this automated detection and alerting system
over the manual method is that it offers quick response time and accurate detection of
an emergency and in turn leading faster diffusion of the critical situation.

In the year 2014, Hitendra Rawat, Ashish Kushwah, Khyati Asthana, Akanksha
Shivhare, designed a system, They provided security issues against thieves, leakage
and fire accidents. In those cases their system sends SMS to the emergency number
provided to it. In the proposed system we have designed “LPG gas monitoring and
automatic cylinder booking with alert system”. These report focus on detection of
economic fuels like petroleum, liquid petroleum gas, alcohol..etc., and alert the
surrounding people about the leakage through SMS. It also sense surrounding
temperature, so that no fire accidents occurs. The one more important feature is
automatic cylinder booking by noticing the current expenditure of LPG gas in our
daily life. These projects alert the user by sending message to mobile through SMS in
three conditions. They are

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 When LPG gas weight reaches to maximum threshold value.

 When the LPG gas exceed its peak value.
 When the temperature exceed more than room temperature.
These project gives alert message by buzzing the buzzer and trough SMS to the house
holders. We also provide automatic doors and windows opening, so that the
compressed gas can spread in to air freely. Hence a fire accident does not occurs.

1.2.1 Related Work :

Home automation or smart homes (also known as domotic) can be described as

introduction of technology within the home environment to provide convenience,
comfort, security and energy efficiency to its occupants. With the introduction of Iot,
the research and implementation of home automation are getting more popular.
Various wireless technologies that can support some form of remote data transfer,
sensing and control such as bluetooth, wifi, Rfid and cellular network have been
utilised to embed various levels of intelligence in the home. The studies have
presented bluetooth based home automation system using android smart phones
without the internet controllability. The devices are physically connected to bluetooth
sub controller which is then accesed and controlled by smart phone using built in
Bluetooth connectivity. Researchers have also attempted to provide a network
interoperability and remote access to control devices and appliances at home using
home gateways. Lately few researchers have also presented the use of Web services ,
simple object access protocol (SOAP) and representational state transfer as an
interoperable application layer to remotely access home automation system. Gas
Detectors have been in the market for a very long time and have been vastly used.
They have wide range of applications and can be found in industrialplants, refineries,
pharmaceutical manufacturing,paper pulp mills, aircraft and ship-building facilities,
wastewater treatment facilities, vehicles, indoor air quality testing and homes[1].There
are a lot of ways in which the Gas Detectors could be characterized. They are
categorized on thebasis of what type of gas they detect, what is the technology behind
the making of the sensor and sometimes even the components which are used that
affect their operation mechanism (semiconductors, oxidation, catalytic, photo
ionization, infrared, etc.)[2]. Gas Detectors are also widely characterized as fixed or
portable detectors.

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1.2.2 Scope :

When things like household appliances are connected to a network, they can work
together in cooperation to provide the ideal service as a whole, not as a collection of
independently working devices. This is useful for many of the real-world applications
and services, and one would for example apply it to build a smart residence; windows
can be closed automatically when the air conditioner is turned on, or can be opened for
oxygen when the gas oven is turned on. The idea of IoT is especially valuable for
persons with disabilities, as IoT technologies can support human activities at larger
scale like building or society, as the devices can mutually cooperate to act as a total
system. So far, much work has been done on realizing the IoT.

1.3. Problem Definition :

To develop a system which continuously monitors the leakage of LPG gas and alerts
user regarding leakage to avoid major accidents. If temperature goes above threshold
then it detects fire and takes necessary actions like opening window, turning on
exhaust fan. In addition to leakage detection feature of sending SMS to the user for the
booking of cylinder is added. System continuously measures the weight of cylinder
and sends SMS if weight is below threshold.

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CHAPTER 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Introduction to Embedded System:

An embedded system is a controller with a dedicated function within a larger

mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It
is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical
parts. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today. Ninety-eight
percent of all microprocessors manufactured are used in embedded systems.

Modern embedded systems are often based on microcontrollers (i.e. microprocessors

with integrated memory and peripheral interfaces), but ordinary microprocessors
(using external chips for memory and peripheral interface circuits) are also common,
especially in more complex systems. In either case, the processor(s) used may be types
ranging from general purpose to those specialized in certain class of computations, or
even custom designed for the application at hand. A common standard class of
dedicated processors is the digital signal processor .

Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can
optimize it to reduce the size and cost of the product and increase the reliability and
performance. Some embedded systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies
of scale.

Embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3
players, to large stationary installations like traffic light controllers, programmable
logic controllers, and large complex systems like hybrid vehicles, medical imaging,
and avionics. Complexity varies from low, with a single microcontroller chip, to very
high with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside a large equipment
rack.

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2.1.1 History of Embedded System:

One of the very first recognizably modern embedded systems was the Apollo
Guidance Computer, developed ca. 1965 by Charles Stark Draper at the MIT
Instrumentation Laboratory. At the project's inception, the Apollo guidance computer
was considered the riskiest item in the Apollo project as it employed the then newly
developed monolithic integrated circuits to reduce the size and weight. An early mass-
produced embedded system was the Autonetics D-17 guidance computer for
the Minuteman missile, released in 1961. When the Minuteman II went into
production in 1966, the D-17 was replaced with a new computer that was the first
high-volume use of integrated circuits.

Since these early applications in the 1960s, embedded systems have come down in
price and there has been a dramatic rise in processing power and functionality. An
early microprocessor for example, the Intel 4004 (released in 1971), was designed
for calculators and other small systems but still required external memory and support
chips. In 1978 National Engineering Manufacturers Association released a "standard"
for programmable microcontrollers, including almost any computer-based controllers,
such as single board computers, numerical, and event-based controllers.

As the cost of microprocessors and microcontrollers fell it became feasible to replace

expensive knob-based analog components such as potentiometers and variable
capacitors with up/down buttons or knobs read out by a microprocessor even in
consumer products. By the early 1980s, memory, input and output system components
had been integrated into the same chip as the processor forming a microcontroller.
Microcontrollers find applications where a general-purpose computer would be too
costly.

A comparatively low-cost microcontroller may be programmed to fulfill the same role

as a large number of separate components. Although in this context an embedded
system is usually more complex than a traditional solution, most of the complexity is
contained within the microcontroller itself. Very few additional components may be
needed and most of the design effort is in the software. Software prototype and test
can be quicker compared with the design and construction of a new circuit not using
an embedded processor.

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2.2 Arduino UNO

Arduino:
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and
software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on
an LED, publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a
set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino
programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based
on Processing.

Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from everyday
objects to complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of makers -
students, hobbyists, artists, programmers, and professionals - has gathered around this
open-source platform, their contributions have added up to an incredible amount
of accessible knowledge that can be of great help to novices and experts alike.

Arduino was born at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool for fast
prototyping, aimed at students without a background in electronics and programming.
As soon as it reached a wider community, the Arduino board started changing to adapt
to new needs and challenges, differentiating its offer from simple 8-bit boards to
products for IoT applications, wearable, 3D printing, and embedded environments. All
Arduino boards are completely open-source, empowering users to build them
independently and eventually adapt them to their particular needs. The software, too, is
open-source, and it is growing through the contributions of users worldwide.

Why Arduino?
Thanks to its simple and accessible user experience, Arduino has been used in
thousands of different projects and applications. The Arduino software is easy-to-use
for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users. It runs on Mac, Windows, and
Linux. Teachers and students use it to build low cost scientific instruments, to prove

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chemistry and physics principles, or to get started with programming and robotics.
Designers and architects build interactive prototypes, musicians and artists use it for
installations and to experiment with new musical instruments. Makers, of course, use
it to build many of the projects exhibited at the Maker Faire, for example. Arduino is a
key tool to learn new things. Anyone - children, hobbyists, artists, programmers - can
start tinkering just following the step by step instructions of a kit, or sharing ideas
online with other members of the Arduino community.

There are many other microcontrollers and microcontroller platforms available for
physical computing. Parallax Basic Stamp, Netmedia's BX-24, Phidgets, MIT's
Handyboard, and many others offer similar functionality. All of these tools take the
messy details of microcontroller programming and wrap it up in an easy-to-use
package. Arduino also simplifies the process of working with microcontrollers, but it
offers some advantage for teachers, students, and interested amateurs over other
systems:

 Inexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other

microcontroller platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module can be
assembled by hand, and even the pre-assembled Arduino modules cost less than $50
 Cross-platform - The Arduino Software (IDE) runs on Windows, Macintosh
OSX, and Linux operating systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to
Windows.

 Simple, clear programming environment - The Arduino Software (IDE) is

easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take advantage of
as well. For teachers, it's conveniently based on the Processing programming
environment, so students learning to program in that environment will be familiar with
how the Arduino IDE works.

 Open source and extensible software - The Arduino software is published as

open source tools, available for extension by experienced programmers. The language
can be expanded through C++ libraries, and people wanting to understand the
technical details can make the leap from Arduino to the AVR C programming language
on which it's based. Similarly, you can add AVR-C code directly into your Arduino
programs if you want to.

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 Open source and extensible hardware - The plans of the Arduino boards are
published under a Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers can
make their own version of the module, extending it and improving it. Even relatively
inexperienced users can build the breadboard version of the module in order to
understand how it works and save money.

How do we use Arduino?

See the getting started guide. If you are looking for inspiration you can find a great
variety of Tutorials on Arduino Project Hub.

The text of the Arduino getting started guide is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. Code samples in the guide are released into the
public

Fig 2.4 Arduino Uno

Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user

community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and

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microcontroller kits for building digital devices. Its products are licensed under the
GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License
(GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by
anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form or as do-it-
yourself (DIY) kits.

Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards
are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be
interfaced to various expansion boards or breadboards (shields) and other circuits. The
boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB)
on some models, which are also used for loading programs from personal computers.
The microcontrollers can be programmed using C and C++ programming languages.
In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides an
integrated development environment (IDE) based on the Processing language project.

The Arduino project started in 2005 as a program for students at the Interaction Design
Institute Ivrea in Ivrea, Italy, aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices
and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using sensors
and actuators. Common examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists
include simple robots, thermostats and motion detectors.

The Arduino project was started at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII)
in Ivrea, Italy. At that time, the students used a BASIC Stamp microcontroller at a cost
of $50, a considerable expense for many students. The project goal was to create
simple, low cost tools for creating digital projects by non-engineers. The Wiring
platform consisted of a printed circuit board (PCB) with an ATmega168
microcontroller, an IDE based on Processing and library functions to easily program
the microcontroller.

The initial Arduino core team consisted of Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom
Igoe, Gianluca Martino, and David Mellis, but Barragán was not invited to participate.

Following the completion of the Wiring platform, lighter and less expensive versions
were distributed in the open-source community.

It was estimated in mid-2011 that over 300,000 official Arduinos had been
commercially produced, and in 2013 that 700,000 official boards were in users' hands.

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In October 2016, Federico Musto, Arduino's former CEO, secured a 50% ownership of
the company. In April 2017, Wired reported that Musto had "fabricated his academic
record.... On his company's website, personal LinkedIn accounts, and even on Italian
business documents, Musto was until recently listed as holding a PhD from the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In some cases, his biography also claimed an
MBA from New York University." Wired reported that neither university had any
record of Musto's attendance, and Musto later admitted in an interview with Wired that
he had never earned those degrees.

Around that same time, Massimo Banzi announced that the Arduino Foundation would
be "a new beginning for Arduino." But a year later, the Foundation still hasn't been
established, and the state of the project remains unclear.

The controversy surrounding Musto continued when, in July 2017, he reportedly

pulled many Open source licenses, schematics, and code from the Arduino website,
prompting scrutiny and outcry.

In October 2017, Arduino announced its partnership with ARM Holdings (ARM). The
announcement said, in part, "ARM recognized independence as a core value of
Arduino ... without any lock-in with the ARM architecture.” Arduino intends to
continue to work with all technology vendors and architectures.

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Features
• High Performance, Low Power AVR® 8-Bit Microcontroller
• Advanced RISC Architecture
–131 Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle Execution
– 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
– Fully Static Operation
– Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16 MHz
– On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory Segments
– 32K Bytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash progam memory
– 1K Bytes EEPROM
– 2K Bytes Internal SRAM
– Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM
– Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits
• In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program
• True Read-While-Write Operation
– Programming Lock for Software Security
• Peripheral Features
– Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler and Compare Mode
– One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture
Mode
– Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator
– Six PWM Channels
– 8-channel 10-bit ADC in TQFP and QFN/MLF package
• Temperature Measurement
– Programmable Serial USART
– Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
– Byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface (Philips I2C compatible)
– Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator
– On-chip Analog Comparator
– Interrupt and Wake-up on Pin Change
• Special Microcontroller Features
– Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
– Internal Calibrated Oscillator

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– External and Internal Interrupt Sources

– Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby,
and Extended Standby
• I/O and Packages
– 23 Programmable I/O Lines
– 32-lead TQFP, and 32-pad QFN/MLF
• Operating Voltage:
– 2.7V - 5.5V for ATmega328P
• Temperature Range:
– Automotive Temperature Range: -40°C to +125°C
• Speed Grade:
– 0 - 8 MHz @ 2.7 - 5.5V (Automotive Temp. Range: -40°C to +125°C)
– 0 - 16 MHz @ 4.5 - 5.5V (Automotive Temp. Range: -40°C to +125°C)
• Low Power Consumption
– Active Mode: 1.5mA @3V - 4MHz

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2.3 GSM MODEM :

GSM module is used to send a message .The name of GSM module

SIM_300 with RS232.Buzzer, power supply and audio interface are used. This can be
connected to PC by using a USB to Serial Adaptor. Real terms are used to send &
receive data.The interface between microcontroller and GSM module can also be done
directly with the help of wires.

This is an ultra compact and reliable wireless module. The SIM900A is a

complete Dual-band GSM/GPRS solution in a SMT module which can be embedded
in the customer applications.Featuring an industry-standard interface, the SIM900A
delivers GSM/GPRS 900/1800MHz performance for voice, SMS, Data, and Fax in a
small form factor and with low power consumption. With a tiny configuration of
24mmx24mmx3mm, SIM900A can fit in almost all the space requirements in user
applications, especially for slim and compact demand of design.

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Features

 Dual-Band 900/ 1800 MHz

 GPRS multi-slot class 10/8GPRS mobile station class B
 Compliant to GSM phase 2/2+Class 4 (2 W @850/ 900 MHz)
 Class 1 (1 W @ 1800/1900MHz)
 Control via AT commands (GSM 07.07 ,07.05 and SIMCOM enhanced AT
Commands)
 Low power consumption: 1.5mA(sleep mode)'
 Operation temperature: -40°C to +85 °C
 Status indicator(D5):It will flashes continuously whenever the call arrives
otherwise it is left ON.
 Network LED(D6):This led will blink every second which indicates that the
GSM module is not connected to the mobile network. Once the connection is
established successfully, the LED will blink continuously every 3 seconds.

Status Description

Off SIM900 is not running 64ms On/800ms

Off SIM900 not registered the network

64ms On/3000ms Off SIM900 registered to the network

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64ms On/300ms Off GPRS communication is established

The SIM900A is a readily available GSM/GPRS module,used in many mobile

phones and PDA. The module can also be used for developing IOT (Internet of
Things) and Embedded Applications. SIM900A is a dual-band GSM/GPRS engine that
works on frequencies EGSM 900MHz and DCS 1800MHz. SIM900A features GPRS
multi-slot class 10/ class 8 (optional) and supports the GPRS coding schemes CS-1,
CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4.

How to connect SIM 900A Module with Arduino UNO?

Hardware and Software Required

 SIM 900A Module

 Arduino UNO
 Arduino IDE(1.0.6V)

Hardware connections
The SIM900A module has 6pins in which two pins for Vcc and Gnd and the rest are
3VR&3VT(3volt Rx & Tx) and 5VR,5VT(5volt Rx & Tx) and the connections are
made as follows:

 Vcc to 5V
 Gnd to Gnd
 5VR digital pin 7
 5VT digital pin 8

Before getting into the program part,we need to look into the AT commands which are
discussed in the following used by this module.With the help of these AT
commands,the user can send or receive messages,make a call and so on.

AT Commands for using the shield

AT Commands for GSM
AT Press ENTER
Checking the Operation and Connection of GSM Shield.This would print OK which
signifies of working connection and operation of the GSM shield.

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ATD+(country code)mobile number; Press ENTER.

Making a Voice Call
ATH Press ENTER.
Disconnecting the Active Call
ATA Press ENTER
Receiving the Call
AT+CMGF=1 Press ENTER
For sending SMS in text Mode
AT+CMGS=”mobile number” Press ENTER
Once the AT commands is given’ >’ prompt will be displayed on the screen. Type the
message to be sent via SMS. After this, Press CTRL+Z to send the SMS. If the SMS
sending is successful, “OK” will be displayed along with the message number.
AT+CMGF = 1 Press ENTER
For reading SMS in the text mode
AT+CMGR = num
Number (num.) is the message index number stored in the SIM card. For new SMS,
URC will be received on the screen as + CMTI: SM ‘num’.After this AT+CMGR=1
Press ENTER.This displays the message on the screen along with sender details,
number and timing too.
AT Commands for GPRS
AT+CGATT?
Check if GPRS is attached or not.n=1 if attached
AT+CIPSHUT
Reset the IP session if any
AT+CIPSTATUS
Check if the IP stack is initialized
AT+CIPMUX=0
Single link mode
AT+CIPMUX=1
For multiple connections
AT+CSTT= “APN”, “UNAME”, “PWD”
Sets APN, user name and password
Starts the task, based on the SIM card you are using, you need to know the APN,
username and password for your service provider.
AT+CIICR
Brings up wireless connection
AT+CIFSR
Get local IP address if connected
AT+CIPSTART=“TYPE” , “domain”, “port”
Establishes a connection with a server. Type can be UDP or TCP.For example
AT+CIPSTART= “TCP” , “www.eprolabs.com”, “80” .It start the connection, TCP,
domain name, port.
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AT+CIPSEND=0, Press Enter

Request initiation of data sending (the request)
<type string>
Now type the sequence #026. This tells the terminal.exe to send the hex code 0x1a
(which is Ctrl+Z) to indicate end of data sending.You should get some response back
from the server…it would generally be a complain that the request string was not
valid…but that is a different subject…you have established the connection.
AT+CIPCLOSE
Closes the connection.
AT+CIPSHUT
Request shutting down of the current connections.

2.4 LOAD CELL :

Load cell is a type of transducer which performs the functionality of

converting force into an electric output which can be measured. You can find load cell
at the heart of any weighing machine or electric scales. This type of transducer is
highly accurate which provides user with required information that is difficult to
obtain by other technology owing to certain commercial factors.
A load cell is a type of transducer, specifically a force transducer. They
convert a force such as tension, compression, pressure, or torque into an electrical
signal that can be measured and standardized. As the force applied to the load cell
increases, the electrical signal changes proportionally. The most common types of load
cell used are hydraulic, pneumatic, and strain gauge.
It is basically a device that measures strain and then converts force into
electric energy which serves as measurement for scientists and workers. The strain
measurement by load cells helps in maintaining integrity of the unit under pressure
and protects people and equipment nearby.

Uses

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The usage of this transducer is not limited to electronic scales. Apart from this, it is
used in industrial scales, load-testing machines, flow-meters, etc.

Functionality

It makes use of different operating principles namely pneumatic, strain gauge and
hydraulic load cells. These load cells are usually attached to support beam or structural
bearing of an application which endures pressures and stresses often with appropriate
adhesive or superglue.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY:

3.1 Working:

The working of any advanced system is mainly dependent on the microcontroller

which controls the entire functioning of the device. In this case the Arduino Uno
microcontroller acts like a conditional switch. It performs two set of action depending
upon the condition present. It triggers the buzzer and the LCD to display the message
“Gas Leak” when the leakage of the gas is detected by the sensor. The other action is
to display the message on LCD “No Gas Leak” when the leakage of the gas is not
detected by the sensor. If the sensor detects the presence the gas in the vicinity the
GSM module will send “Gas Leak” message to the relevant contacts. If no gas is
detected by the sensor in the vicinity then the GSM module will not send any
messages. Bluetooth Module is included in this device to make the stakeholders aware

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about the leakage of gas taking place at their house in their absence so that necessary
actions can be implemented immediately to prevent an accident. Proposed prototype
provides an alarm system which is mainly meant to detect an Gas leakage in the house
and commercial premises. To develop a system which continuously monitors the
leakage of LPG gas and alerts user regarding leakage to avoid major accidents. If
temperature goes above threshold then it detects fire and takes necessary actions like
opening window, turning on exhaust fan. In addition to leakage detection feature of
sending SMS to the user for the booking of cylinder is added. System continuously
measures the weight of cylinder and sends SMS if weight is below threshold. The
objective of the system is to continuously measure the weight of the cylinder and as
soon as it reaches the minimum threshold it will automatically sends an SMS alert to
the user as well as Authorized LPG agent so that they can act accordingly. Gas
Detectors have been in the market for a very long time and have been vastly used.
They have wide range of applications and can be found in industrialplants, refineries,
pharmaceutical manufacturing,paper pulp mills, aircraft and ship-building facilities,
wastewater treatment facilities, vehicles, indoor air quality testing and homes.There
are a lot of ways in which the Gas Detectors could be characterized. They are
categorized on thebasis of what type of gas they detect, what is the technology behind
the making of the sensor and sometimes even the components which are used that
affect their operation mechanism (semiconductors, oxidation, catalytic, photo
ionization, infrared, etc.). Gas Detectors are also widely characterized as fixed or
portable detectors.

Gas sensor :

MQ-2 Sensor is the back bone of this device and it senses the presence or absence of
the lpg gas[7]. This detector has a fast reaction and induces a stable and long lifetime.
It provides high sensitivity not only to LPG but also to iso-butane, H2, LPG, CH4,

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CO, Alcohol, Smoke and propane. It has very low sensitivity to alcohol and smoke.
The basic height of the sensor is 23 ± 5% mm and it has a width of 20 ± 5% mm. The
detector can detect the gas concentrations anywhere from 200 p.m. to 10000 p.m. It
detects concentration of gas in air. We set threshold value 270 ppm. If Sensor reading
is greater than threshold then leakage detected otherwise leakage note detected.

Load cell sensor :

Load cell sensor is device used to measure weight .It is a passive transducer or sensor
which converts applied force into electrical signals. They are also referred to as “Load
transducers”. We are using Load cell sensor for measuring weight of cylinder .Load
cell sensor continuously measure weight of cylinder if weight of cylinder is below
particular level then it will send sensor value to arduino board com 3 port from where
we fetch the data come from sensor and using TextLocal API we automatically book
gas cylinder using number store in memory and also send message to owner. For a
120Ω gauge, this is a change of only 0.12Ω. 0.12Ω is a very small change, and, for
most devices, couldn’t actually be detected, let So we are going to need another device
HX711 which is a amplifier and this amplifier able accurately measure super small
changes in resistance.

In automatic Gas booking system, L6D continuously monitors the weight of the gas in
cylinder and displays it on seven segment display. When the weight of the gas is <=10
Kg, a logic high pulse is fed to a port pin of microcontroller. As this pin goes high,
microcontroller will send a booking message to distributor of format. At the same
time, the message will be displayed on LCD as “Booking Cylinder”. When the weight
of the gas goes below 0.5 kg another logic high pulse is fed to another port of
microcontroller through a relay circuit as discussed in truth table. As this port pin goes
high, microcontroller will send a message as “Gas remaining only 0.5 Kg.
Immediately Refill your Cylinder” through a GSM module to cell numbers required
members and the message “Cylinder Empty, Please Refill” is displayed on the LCD
display.

Experimental Setup :

ATMega 16 is the base of the system. The inputs given to the ATMega 16 are the
output of gas sensor MQ-6 and load cell L6D .The output of ATMega 16 are given to
the SIMCOM 300 and LCD 16×2 display. The gas output of MQ6 is given to the INT0
pin of ATMega 16 as far as the highest priority is given to the leakage detection. The
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output of L6D is amplified and digitized by A/D converter and is given to the port pins
PA0 and PA1 of ATMega 16 as per the truth table

The Rx and Tx pins of GSM are connected to the Tx and Rx pins of ATMega 16
respectively. The output is shown by the LCD display which is operated in 4 bit mode.
The higher data pins D4-D7 are connected to the PB0-PB3 pins and control pins R/s,
R/W and Enable pins of LCD are connected to ATMega 16. The output of the MQ6
drives the relay circuitry which eventually switches on the alarm and exhaust fan as
soon as the gas is detected and both are reset by a manual reset switch.

CHAPTER 4

SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

4.1 Introduction to Arduino IDE:

The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-
platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the programming
language Java. It originated from the IDE for the languages Processing and Wiring. It
includes a code editor with features such as text cutting and pasting, searching and
replacing text, automatic indenting, brace matching, and syntax highlighting, and
provides simple one-click mechanisms to compile and upload programs to an Arduino
board. It also contains a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for

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common functions and a hierarchy of operation menus. The source code for the IDE is
released under the GNU General Public License, version 2.[56]

The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code
structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project,
which provides many common input and output procedures. User-written code only
requires two basic functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that
are compiled and linked with a program stub main() into an executable cyclic
executive program with the GNU toolchain, also included with the IDE distribution.
The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the executable code into a
text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader
program in the board's firmware.

4.2 Programming:

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial mySerial(9, 10);

int fsrPin = 14; // the FSR and 10K pulldown are connected to a0
int fsrReading;
int led = 13;// the analog reading from the FSR resistor divider

void setup(void)
{
mySerial.begin(115200); // Setting the baud rate of GSM Module
Serial.begin(115200); // Setting the baud rate of Serial Monitor (Arduino)
delay(100);
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);

void loop(void) {
fsrReading = digitalRead(fsrPin);

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Serial.print("Analog reading = ");

Serial.print(fsrReading); // the raw analog reading

if (fsrReading == LOW) {
Serial.println(" NO GAS less weight detected");
digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
SendMessage();

}
if (fsrReading == HIGH) {
Serial.println(" no fuel requirement ");
digitalWrite(led, LOW);
}

delay(1000);
}
void SendMessage()
{
mySerial.println("AT+CMGF=1"); //Sets the GSM Module in Text Mode
delay(1000); // Delay of 1000 milli seconds or 1 second
mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+917337046643\"\r"); // Replace x with mobile
number
delay(1000);
mySerial.println(" LOW FUEL");// The SMS text you want to send
delay(100);
mySerial.println((char)26);// ASCII code of CTRL+Z
delay(1000);
Serial.println("messagesent");
}

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CHAPTER 5

RESULT ANALYSIS

The system prototype is constructed and when a Small amount of LPG is brought near
the system, the system sensor detects the leakage and sends the SMS to housemates
and activates the alarm and switches on the exhaust fan. Also system prototype
continuously monitors the LPG level of the cylinder and books the cylinder
automatically.

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CHAPTER 6

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

Advantages:

 Ease of Use. An RFID card is just as useful in your pocket or clipped to your
shirt.

 Data Tracking. Because a person carries an RFID card with her, a smart-
card system records her movements.

 Secure Data.

 Weatherproof.

 Flexibility.

Disadvantages:

While there are many benefits to including a RFID door lock system in your home,
there are also some major drawbacks to consider as well. While RFID door lock
systems are generally safe and designed to alert police or other authorities if incorrect
codes are entered too many times, it is nonetheless possible that an intruder may be
able to gain access to your home through this system by guessing or hacking the code.

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CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

As we shorted out the issues looked by LPG gas customers so we concoct a few
answers for meet the couple of prerequisites of them, as we made our framework is
totally robotise the procedure of refill booking without human mediation. Our
framework is additionally contemplated to enable clients to redesign their security
standards, to act in as needs be with least necessities on natural issues and generally
the essential capacity being forestalled by real calamities and shield life and property
from rumoured Accidents. The essential goal of our venture is to gauge the gas show
in the chamber when weight of the barrel is beneath the settled load, this should be
possible utilizing the weight sensors. The gas retailer gets the request for another
barrel and the house proprietor (purchaser) gets the affirmation message in regards to
the status utilizing IoT and the auxiliary target is to give any breakdown in gas
adjusting framework with a specific end goal to counteract harm or blast of LPG. In
this manner the framework created by us will some way or another assistance the LPG
Gas Consumers to have an agreeable existence.

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REFERENCES

 [1]. Prof. S. K. Nanda B. B. Didpaye. Automated uni_ed system for lpg using
microcontroller and gsm module a review.

 [2]. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication

Engineering, IJARCCE, 4(1), January 2015.

 [3]. Mahesh S.R Pooja R Preethi K. Mane Kumuda S. Shivalingesh B.M, Ramesh C. LPG
detection, measurement and booking system. IJRSI, 1(6), November 2014.

 [4]. Shailendra Kumar Dewangan3 Praveen Singh Rathore4 Abid Khan1, Neju K.
Prince2. Gsm based automatic lpg ordering system with leakage alert. IJRET:
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 3(12), Jun-2014.

 [5]. P Rajasekar S Shyamaladevi, V G Rajaramya and P Sebastin Ashok. Arm7 based

automated high performance system for lpgrefillbooking& leakage detection.
International journal of engineering research, science and technology (IJERST), 3(2),
May, 2014.

 [6]. Dr. M. Dhanabhakyam& T. Sumathi. A study on customers attitude and

satisfaction towards hplpg in house hold. The SIJ Transactions on Industrial, Financial
and Business Management (IFBM), 2(2), March-April 2014.

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ANNEXURES (optional)

Annexure to include

 Product Data sheets

 Design drawings
 Standard diagrams
 Lengthy codes / algorithms etc

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