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-vNEWtXPERIMI
SOLDERING
IPROPUCtS
fOegd. TrodBUMITEQl
Mark ) EQUIPMENT
•v:-
THE RANGE OF ADCOLA
SOLDERING INSTRUMENTS
INCLUDE MODELS FROM
19 WATTS WITH A WIDE
SELECTION OF BITS, COPPER
OR LONG LIFE
PENTACOATED. FOR EACH
MODEL PRICES START AT 33/6. •v
' ■:?
COURTESY OF THORN ELECTRONICS LTD.
TELEPHONE
01-622 0291 /3
SPECIAL INTEREST ITEMS' CONSTRUCTORS BARGAINS
OUTSTANDING HI-FI BARGAIN LASKY'S ENCAPSULATED
SOLID STATE MODULES
8 completely new special function circuit modules.
Size of eachuse—just
Immediate module connect
only 2} Xto 1| X tin.
power sourceBeady lor
(umially
9V batt.), input and oatpnt. Encapsulated modnlcs
are shoekproof and almost indestructible. Comp. with
lull ins. Phono
E-1S11 Post 1/6 each. Module—max. out-
Pre-amp
put
160k3V.
Q, gainRMS,
28dB,inpnt
BIAA60mV, Input Imp. 29/6
compensation.
E-1312 Tape Head Pre-amp Modoie—max. output SV, SMS, input BOroY. toput 29/6
Imp. lOOkO, gain 25dB, SASTB compensation.
E-1313 Microphone Pre-amp Module—max. output 4\', RMS, lopul 60mV, Input 29/6
imp. lOOkO, gain 28dB, response 10-60kc/«.
E-1314 Power Amplifier
20dB, response 60-10k/c8,Modols—max.
distortion 3% output
at20mW. SOOmW, inpnt Imp. Iktl, gain 29/6
AFX-3U AM/FM STEREO TUNER E-1315 Electronic Organ (tone oscillator) Module—frequency 200-1,OOOc/s, 25/-
ootput 80mW. For use with keyboard, variable resistors and 8SI speaker.
Superbly engineered by world famoiu mAnufactnrer, the Model AFX-3U le on ultra seosl- E-ldlB
80mW. Morse For useCode
with Practice
morse keyOscillator
and speaker.Module—frequency 400c/s. output 25/-
tlve AM/FM stereo multiplex tuner using 14 valves and 9 dlodee, The extra wide band- B-ISl? Modulated Wireless Signal Transmitter for use In test bench fault finding 25/-
width of the tuner and unique multiplex clrcnitry ensures the finest poaaible FM recept ion —frequency dOOc/s-SOMc/s, tone frcq- 4(Hlc/fl. For uselamps
withalternately.
any AM receiver.
with optimum
unaffected stereo separation
by external of over 38tlB.
noise, simplifies Stereobroadcast
FM stereo signal beacon with special
selection. 3 gangcircuitry
variable .E-1318 Lamp Flasher Module—Hasbcs two miniature Far use 25/-
condenser provides highly sensitive reception on both bands. The mnltlplex circuit is with 6V, 100;20CinA bulbs and 8V power supply.
completely free from subcorrier leakage and permits d Ireot tape recording without any beat
noise interference. An MPX noise filter is also fitted. Brisl specification: 14 valves, 2 TEST EQUIPMENT
flermsninm diodes and 2 Silicon diodes. Frequency range: FM—SO-lOSMe/e, AM—835-
l,606tcc/s. Sensitivity: 'FM—l-9fiV/98Mc/e, AM—2(tV/l09ke/a. Output FM/FM Stereo K|C\A/ LASKY S EXCLUSIVE
2V, AM—3V. Frequency response: FM—20-20,600c/e. Distortion less than J%. Special
Cirenlts: FM Stereo lud Icator. AFC, Noise filter. Output for d Irect tape recording. Hammer INC TV MIDLAND Model 10-502
enamel and brushed alloy finlah. Cabinet size 145 x 6 x9Jln. For 220/840V n.c. Mains
160 or 60c/a) operation. Complete with operating manual. List Price 65 Ons. VHF AIRCRAFT BAND
Lasky's Price 26 Gns. Carriage and racking 7/fi
CONVERTER
COMMUNICATION RECEIVERS An entirely new item lot the radio enthusiast bringing tostanf
reception
with of the gronnd-to-air,
any standard AM or FM radioair-to-ground
covering S36 waTeband. For use
to 1,606kc/8.88to
TRIO lOSHc/a respectively—wfth no electrical conversion or con-
nection required, The Model 10-602 (sell powered by one 9V
MODEL 9R-S9DE (PP3 type)tuned
and then battery)
overis110
merely placed close
to ISBMc/s whichto covers
the receiving
the wholeset
Brief
ceiver spec.; 4 band re- aircraft communications band.bothVolume
covering 850kC/e
to 30Me/s continuous and nesa is adjusted by moving sete toandthereception eHecUve-
most Iftvoufabte
electrical band spread position and balancing the volume controls of each accordingly. _
on 18.15.820, 40 and The Model 10-602 has a smartly designed black plastic^eabluet with brushed metal front
metres. valve plus807 panel and 18in chrome telescopic antenna, size only 4 X 21 X 23 to (inc. knohe). Complete
with battery and full Instructions.
diode circuit. 4/8 ohm Lasky's Price 79/6 Post s/e
output and phone Jack.
Speofei tea tone S8B-
BFO • S meter • Sep. TTC Model C-I05I
band spread dial • IF A, completely new design 20,000 O.P.V. pocket
frequency
on 455lcc/«
116/280V • AndloBeautifully
a.c. Mains. output 1-5W • Variable
designed controlKFlayout
and AF gain controls.
finished in light greyForwfth
use multimeter withprotection.
njlzror BxceptiODally
scale e'reuit largeand
dark grey case, size 7 x IS xlOin. Weight 191b. Fully guamntced, complete with instrnc- built-in fhenimI
tlon maouaj and service data. easy to read meter with D"Arsonval
Colour coded scales. Stogie positive click-in,movement.
Lasky's PriC© £39.1 5.0 CarriitBC and Packing 1£,6 recessed selection switch
zero adjustment. Bangefor all
spec.ranges.
a.c. Ohms
volts:
0-6-30-300-1,200V at lOK/ohms/V. D.c,
MODEL JR-500SE
Brief spec.: Covers nil the amateur bunds to 7 separate ranges between 3-6 and 29-7MC/8. ohms/T'. Resistance; O-6OK-0megs. D.c.20K/
volte; O-3-16-360-300-1-2KV at current: O-GOfzA—300mA, Decibels:—20dB
Circuit to +17dB. Hand calibration gives extremely high standard of accuracy on all ranges.
600 ohmuses 7 valves,
phone jack. 2 Special
transistors and CCrystal
Seaturet: diodes plus 8 crystals;
controlled output#8 Variable
oscillator and 600 ohm
BFOand• Uses one IJV penlight battery. Strong Impact resistant plastic cabinet—size only
4J x 3) x 11 In. Two colour buff/green finish. Complete with test leads and battery.
VFO • AVC • ASL • 9 meter 0 SSBdlW • Stand-by switch • Special double gear Grig, list pries £6.6.0.
dial drive wllb direct reading down to IkHz • Bemote control socket lor connection to
a transmitter. Audio output 1 wstl. For use on 116/StOV b.c. Sfains. Superb modeni LASKY'S PRICE 75/- Fost2/6
styling and control layout—finished In dark grey. Cabinet size 7 x 13 x lOln. Weight 181b.
Fully guaranteed, complete with Instruction manual and service data. CLEAR PLASTIC PANEL METERS
Lasky's PeiC© £68.0.0 Carriage and PuckingIS/8 Precision made to Japan by TTC, Each meter boxed and
fully guaranteed with *11 fixing nuts sad washers. Sizes are
FOSTER HF-204 COMBINED of front
Type panel.3 Add
KB-62 xajta1/8(inosbafed).
P. on each. (Quotes for quantities.)
MICROPHONE/HEADSET 1mA
6mA 33/6
38/8 1mA SOuA8 Meter.... 39/8 68/-
High quality movingcombined
coll headphones and sensitive 100mA 38/8
dynamic'mlcrophone to one lightweight
For use with tape recorders (provides constant monitor-
unit. 300V 36/- lOOuA BOO/lA 68/8
46/-
ing), traffic
communications equipment, FA (crowd or Type
1mA MK-38A Ijln square 29/8 Type EE-05 3Jx3in
control), etage direction, langnage 6mA 27/8 BmA 1mA 3B/8
5^ labs, long
etc. Extremely comfortable
perIod5--adJustable to wear
foam for
padded 100mA ..-..27/8 87/6
cushions, vinyl, covered headband. 300V .27/8 300V lOOmA tS/B
BOfrA .....87/6 BO/lA 88/.
Headphone imp. 80, max. imp. Input 1mA 69/8
lOOmW. Microphone
Weight 8-8oz. Single cable
360.
contains lOOfrA8 meter 29/8 1mA 8 meter
37/8 lOOoA .... 48/-
68/-
ILasKy
_ _I...1 —s n_ eft /c both headphone and microphone leads. 600/iA 29/8 BOO/zA 49/-
Price oa/o post2/8 uitprice7Qm. Type
XmA MK-45A 2ln square 89/8 TjVO MX-66A Sin square
GET YOUR LASKYS CATALOGUE BmA 28/8 1mA 6mA 88/8
«/-
lOOroA
300V 28/6
28/8 100mA 800V 88/8
38/-
BD
■ ET |S Second Greatitems!
OTSt 1A00 Beprtut
JustIssue
lendHow
yourEaady.
name, Twelve Iflxlll
ad dress and 1/-lorto pott
pagesonly
— 60j(
JmAAS meter. .82/8 49/B S0f(A ImA B meter (8/8
39/9
lOOfrA >.*3/6 lOOuA 81/8
600/zA 38/- B08/IA «/-
Branches High Fidelity Audio Centres
207 EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.2 Tel.; 01-723 3271 42 TOTTENHAM CT. HO., LONDON. W.l Tel.; 01-580 2573
Open air day Saturday, early efostoo 1 p m Thursday Open all.day Thursday, early closing 1 p in Saturday
33 TOTTENHAM CT. RD.. LONDON. W.I Tel.; 01-636 2605
Open all day, 9 e m.—.6 p.w Monday to Saturday 118 EOGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.2 TeL: 01-723 9789
152/3 FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C.4 TeL FLEel St 2833 Open alt dar Saturday, early closing t p.nf, Thursday
Open all day Thursday, earty closing 1 p m Saturday
ALL MAIL ORDERS AND CORRESPONDENCE TO: 3-15 CAVELL ST.. TOWER HAMLETS, LONDON, E.I Tel.: 0L790 4821
753
AV0 CT.3B ELECTRONIC High qualityMULTIMETERS
97 range fastniment which meaeures
a.c. andoutput.
Power d.c. Ranges
Voltage,d.c.Current, Besistanee and
volts 260niV-10,OOOV.
gPT^ (lOmegn-l Iomega input!. D.c. carrent lO/iA
Sidi SJk.Z. for I nil liiti. Other rugei f leaie fnclnde potiire. 25100niV-260V
amps. Ohms: (with SF 0-1,000mgO.
measuring brad-Ax.upvolt to
Spcciil quqU tioni for qutatttiei. 250Mc/b). A.c. current X0yiA-25 aropa. Power
output 60 micro-watt»-0 watts.
0/HO/200/260V. C. Supplied in perfect condition Operation
CLEAR PLASTIC METERS i* = 4 completeCarr. 16/-.
with circuit lead and RF probe *26.
Type MK.68P- 21 in square Irond
80/uA lOOtnA ,37/6 300V a.c. - - .39/6
60-0-60u.V - 49/6 StHlniA -37/6 5VUMeter 1mA -87/6 TYPE ISA DOUBLE BEAM
OSCILLOSCOPES
AM/FM SIGNAL GENERATORS
lOOfiA .... .45/- 1S amp. anip. .37/8 Meter .. .99/6 An uxceltent general Oscillator Test No.
lOO-O-lOOflA ,.. .37/8
600/iA .... ,«/6 20V XOV d.c. . 37/6 16 amp. amp. a.c.* -37/8 purpose D/B oscillos- 2. A high quality
precision instru-
1mA ..,. 50V <l.c.
J-c, .. .87/6 .37/6 10 »nip.a.c.* .87/8
a.c.* -37/8 _Vi cope. X.B. 20/S-760
ko/s. Bandwidth 6-6 ment made for the
3mA ...; .87/6 300V ii.«. . .37/8 20 amp. u.e.* .37/6 7 ^ Mela. Sensitivity 33iiiV/
ministry by Airmec.
lOiuA .... .... .87/6 •rF CM. Operating voltage Frequency cover-
50mA .37/9 16V I.e. . .87/8 SO uilip. a.c.* -37/8 O/l10/200/299V ax- age 20-80Mc/a. AM/
Trp« MH-38P. 1 Sl/32ia square Itontt Type ME.85P., d/in ; f Jin front* Supplied lu excellent C.W./FM. Incot-
eo^A .37/6 TdOruA ., -25/- SOlM .69/6 19 amp -49,6 working parutes precisiou dial, level meter, precision
condition. attenuator
so-o-eouA .35/- 1 amp .... .25/- 34-0-80(iA . .53/6 30 amp .49/6 *22.10.0, Or complete IjiV-lOOmV. Operation
Sire 12 xirom 13V
100^.1 .... -86/- 2 amp .... .26/- lOOyrA
lOO-O-lOO/rA .32/6 6 amp .... .25/- 200pA MO-U-lOOnA .69/9 90V d.c. .. .46/6
.59/8 20V d.c- ...
.49/8 with all accessories, d.c. or 0/110/200/250Va.c.
Supplied in brand new condition 81X9ln.
complete
isova.c. probe, lends, lid, etc. with all connectors fully tested. *45. Carr.
2O0uA
S00«A ... .32/8 3V 10Vd.c.
(I.e. .26/- aoopA .59/- soov a,«. .... .49/6 £26. Carriage 30/-. 20/-.
60Q'fl-31i0/r A -86/- 20V d.c, .... .26/- 000-l-MO/jA .98/6 -19/6 150V a.c. .. .49/8
1mA .... .25/ 60V d.c- .. .25/- 1mA .25/- , IB,'6 SOOV ax. -49/6 -49/6 ADMIRALTY
B.4C MARCONI CT44/
1-0-liiiA .. .25/- 100V tlx. .25/- 1-O-IiiiA ... .49/6
2liiA .28/- 150V tlx. .25/- 9mA
.49/6 5 Meter 1mA -SS/-
VO meter - - -69/6 Jnst RECEIVERS
released by TF956 AF
ABSORPTION
6mA . .26.'- 300V tlx. .25/- 10m \ -49,8 1 amp. a.c.* .49/6 the Ministry.
quality High
10 nianu-
valve WATTMETER
10mA SOOV tlx. .25/- &0ntA .49/8
-49/6 610amp. a.c.* .49/8
20iiiA .... .86/- .24/- 750V tlx. .25/- IOOIUA amp. a-c." -49/6 receiver 1 fj/wutt to 6 watts
60MIA
100mA ■
.25/- 60V ax. .. .25/- I'auq). ... .49/8
85/- 1SV a.c. .. ,26/- 600mA SO
50 amp. a.c.*
amp. a.c.* .49/6
.49/6 f act ured bj- Murphy.
Coverage In 5 bands *20. Carr. 20/-.
160mA .25/- 150V a.c. .. 6'amp. -49/8
-49/8 OMkc/s - 80Mc/s,
SODmA 300V n.c. .25/- ,26/- I/F 600 kc/s. In-
.25/- 606V corporates
300mA
SOO111A .25/- ax.
.26- S meter ImA -25/- 29,8 SOfiA
Type. WR.aSP. Slia X SJui Irpnls
85;- 69V a.c. and 3 l.F. 2stages, K.F.
AV0METERS
VU meter .39.e- so-oeOjiiV
lOOfiA
.52/8 ICOV il.c. ..
. -62/6 SOOV d.c. ... noise luuiter, crystalband-pass filter,
controlled B.F.O.,
Type UR.45P 2ia square front* 100-0- lOOjr-V .49,6 ibv a.c. ... calibrator
speaker, output1/F. lor
oatpnt,
phones.etc.Operation
Built-in Supplied iu excel-
90^A .. 1. .42/8 10V tlx. .. .27/8 600rrA ,49/- 60V a.c. ... 150/230V a.c. Bise 19S Inx good
181 working
x 16in. lent condition, fully
00-0-S(l(iA ,39/6 39/8 20 V. d.c. .. .27/6 1mA .39/9 X90V tested and checked.
JOO^A ....
109-0-109/1A .35/-
60V d.c. .. . 27/6 omA
300V d.c. .27/9 SOOV a.c.
-39/9 800V a.c, ...
a.c. ...
... ,39/6
Weight 1141b, Offered
condition. *22,10.0. Carr. 30/-. With Complete with
prods, leads and
600/iA . 20;9 15V a.c. .. .27.6 SOniA 10mA .39,8
.89/8 SVUmeter ImA circuit diagram*. Also J5kc/a-700ko/E-
available B.4i instructions.
lnu\ ....
6mA .... .27/6
SOOV B.C. -27/8 IOOiuA 39/6 60mAmeter ... .45/ L.F. version ol above Model 47A *9.19.8.
.27/8 SVUmeter meterImA .42/6 36/- SOOlilA .... .39/8 n.c.* . .66/- £17.10.0 Carr. 30/-. F. Jt P. 7/6 each."
KhuA
OOniA .27/6
■■ 27/6
27/8 51 nmp.
amp a.c.* . 27,'B 6 amp 1 amp. .39/8 100mA a.e.* , .38/8
.39/8
10mA u.V." ,27/8 10 amp. -39/8 200mA a.c.* . .39/8 CLASS D AUTO TRANSFORMERS
600mA .27/8 19 amp, n.c.* .39/6 600mA n.c.* , .39/6
u.e.* .
1 nmp. .... .27/8 20 amp. a.c.* 27/6 27/8 19 Htllp. -39/8 18 nmp.
amp. a.c.* . .39/6 ciystal controlled 0/11I/2S0V. Step up or step down.
AWAVEMETERS
6 nmp. -... .27/6 30 nmp. a.c.* 27/6 20 amp.
30 omp- -39/9
-39/8 10 ,39/6 hetrodyne frequency Fully160shrouded. W, £1.12.6, P. A P. 3/-
90 snip- -39/8 20 amp.
atnp. a.c.*
a.c.* .89/8 meter covering 1'7- 300 tV, £2.7.6, T. A P. 3/6
JOV O.c. sa/a 30 nmp. ax.* -39 ,'6 8Mc/fi. Opcratlcm on 800 IV. £5.10.0,
£3.10.0, P.P. AA P.P. 7/6
6/8
20V rt.c. ... ... -39/8 .89.8 U volts il.c. Ideal for amateur use.
Available in good used eouilitton £5.19.6. 1,000 W.
Carr. 7/9. Or brand new with accessories 1,600 3.000
IV. £8.10.0, P. A P. 8/6
BAKELITE PANEL METERS £7.19.8. Carr. 7/C. 7,600 W. £7.10.0, P.
W. £15.10.0, P. AA P.P. 20/-
12/6
Type MR.65, ajln square Itoola
.48/- 1 amp. .. .32/8 60V n.c-* ■ 32/6
,67/6 oOOmA .. 30V a.c.* MABCONt TEST EQUIPMENT
80/iA 32/8 EX-MILITARY RECONDITIONED.
nO-O-SOuA -42/6 Samp. ... -.32/8 1SOV a.c.* -32/6 .TP 144(1 STANDARD SIGNAL GENERATORS.
100(iA .42; 6 15 amp. .. SOOV a.c.* -32/6 -32(0 85kc/8-2S Mc/a, £25. carr. 80/-. TP.885. VIDEO
100-0-100^A
600(jA ... -42/8
.39/8 30 amp. .. OSCILLATOR,
T.F. 0-5Mc/a, £46. OSCILLATOR
I96M. BEAT FREQUENCY Carr. 80/-.
60 amp. .. S2.'6 510amp. amp.a.c." 82/6
u.c.* .32/6
1mA ... 6V tlx ...32/6
10V d.c. ...82/6 20 amp. a.c,* 0-40kc/s, 200/260v
Distortionoflcrcd u.c. £20,
Factorin Meter, carr. 30/-;
£20, conditionIF.mE.
carr. 20/-. All
1-0-lmA .82/6 20V d.c. ...32/8 30 amp- ax.* above excellent fully 0
•HOTing iron, all
10mA .... .32/6 160V
60mA ■ 32/8 d.c. ■ -.32/6
50V <1,0. 6.0 amp. ax.* .32/6
-32/6 VU meter -69/6
testeil
METER.andBrandchecked.
New, TF.
£50.1100
T.F.VALVE VOLT-
1287 TRANS-"
others moTing coll. 109mA ..32/8 SOOVd-c. ...32/8 MISSION TEST SET. Brand New, £75. TF.lSJl. Wide Bund Millivolt Meter, £69,
NEW RANGE OF "SEW" EDGEWISE METERS Variable Voltage TRANSFORMEilS
MODEXiPE70.
2} deep oeerall.Dimensions
AvallaWe as317/32 follows!X 111/32
60 microamp . ,. 67/6 600 microamp .... 49/8 Brand new, guurautced and carriage paid.
60-0-50 mictoanp 66/— 1 ndlllamp 46/- High quality constrnotion. Input 230V 50-69 cycles.
100 microamp . .. 62/8
55/- SOOV n.c 46/- Output full variable Irom 0-280V. 'Biilk qnanlitke available.
-..A 100-0-100 mleroninp VU meter 92;6 1 amp.—*6,19.0; 2.5amp.—£9.15.0; 6 amp-—*9.16,0;
200 microamp . .. 52/8 Poet extra 8 amp.—*14.10.0:10 amp.—*18.10.0; 12 amp.—£21; 20 amp.—£37.
TE-20D RF SIGNAL GENERATOR T.M.C. 1000 SERIES MSSOR DOUBLE BEAK OSCILlflSOBPES N0.76 TRANSMITTER
Accurateslgual ' wide KEY SWITCHES Type 1035 general purpose , a.c. 2-12 Wc/s. Crystal Controlled (not
range gen- coupled. Typo 1049
£35 each. Carr. 30/-. L. F. il.c conpled supplied). 807PA, Operation 12V. D.C.
Brand Sew with knobs ns (Rotary
erator covering
120kc/« to 500Mc/a 1 way, 2 c/o 7/6; 3 follows, AMERICAN TAPE C.W. only.transforracrf).
New condition.972/8.
wattsCarr.
output.
J2/6.
on 8 bands. 4 c/o 8/-J 2 way.3m., way.3ni.8;8;2»ay.2
2 c/o 2b. 7/6:1 way.o/o., First grade quality American tapes.
Directly Brand new. Discount on quantities.
m Variable calibrated. RP 2 c/o 8/8; 2 way, 2 c/o., 4 c/o. 10/-. Sin., 225ft. L.P. acetate 8/6 LELAND MODEL
FREQUENCY OSCILLATORS
27 BEAT
attenuator,
output. audio
Xtal Post extra. Quantities available. 3iln600Xt.T.P-mylar
5in, BOOK. etd. plastic. 10/-
8/6 O-20kc/s. Output 5k C1 or 600 ohms.
wJt. socket lor calibra- Sin. 900ft. L.P. acetate 10/- 200/260V ax. offered in excellent con-
tion. dition. £12.10.0. Carriage 10/-.
a.c. Sire220/240V
140 x NOMBREX TRANSISTORISED 6in, IfiOOlt. D.P. mylar
5in. l.gOOlt. T.P. mylar 16/-
32/8
Brand ■: ueir170mm.
215 TEST E0U1PMENT 5ila.l200lt. L.P.P.acetate IB/8 0MR0N
with All Port Paid with Battery 6iin. 1,20011. L. mylar 16/- MK. 2 RELAYS
Carr. 7/6. Instructions. 615. 61 in. l,8001t. D.P. mylar
5Jin. 2.40011. T.F. mylar ......... 39/8 22/8
7ln. 1,20011. sld. acetate 12/8 Brand New and Boxed,
Tin. 1,800ft. L.P. acetate 15/- 24 volt d.c. colls.
changeover, fi atnp3 con-
Pole
TY 75 AUDIO 7to. 1,800ft. L.P. mylar 20/- tacts. 7/8 each. P. A P
SIGNAL 7iD. 2,4001t.
7in. 3,600ft. D.P. mylar
T.P. mylar 25/-
45/- 1/6,
GENERATOR Postage 2/-. Over £3 post paid.
Sine "Wave 20e/* to ©
200kC/s. Square Wave TAPE CASSETTES
20c/b to 30kc/». High C60-60
and low impedance
output. Output vari- Over £2rains.
post 18/8.
paid. C90-90 rains. 17/8. G. W. SMITH
able up to 8 volts, Model
Model 22. Power Generator.
30, Audio Supply 0-19V [|.< . *14.10.0 E7ERSHED VIGNOLES SERIES II 500 & Co. (Radio) Ltd.
220/240 volts a.c. £19.10.0 VOLT MEGQEES. Perfect condition £21.
8Ize 210 ;< 190 x
120imn. Brand new Model 32. U.K. Bridge.Gooeiator. m.io.o
Model 81. R.P. Signal
iio.io.o P. & P. 10/-. 3-34 Lisle St., W.C.2
Model 33. Indnctastce Bridge. £20.0.0 LUCAS 80/0/20
with instructions.
119. Carr. 7/9. Model 68. Inductance
Model 81. Power Supply. Bridge. £18.0.0
£8.10.0 boxed.
p. A P. S/-.SuitableAMMETERS. Brand 12/8.
car/motereyolc. new ALSO SEE OPPOSITE PAGE
754
UNR-30. 4-BAND
MULTIMETERS for EVERVpurpose! COMMUNICATION RECEIVER
Covering SSOKc/s—30Mc/e. Incorporates variable
LAPAYETTE DE-LUXE 1M Kd /VOLT TE-900 20,0000 BPO for CW/SSB reception. Built in speaker and
"LAB 0JIn.TESTER" VOLT GIANT phone Jack. Metal cabinet. Operation 220/2405". a.c.
] tlianl scale. MULTIMETER Supplied
Instructions.brand new guaranteed Carr.with
7/6. 13 GNS.
Bullt-lu meter pro- Bin. full view meter. 2
tection. <t/-5/2-6/10/60/ cotuur scale, overload LAFAYETTE MODEL HA700 AM/CWSSB AMATEUR
260/600/1
0/3 / *000 V /5fl0
10/60/250 il.e. protection. 0/2-6/10/
Hi /1,000V (i.e. 0/10/ 280/1,000/5,OMV JI.C. COMMUNICATION RECEIVER
lOOuA 0 125/ 12-6 1101 50/ 8 valves, 5 for Ikinds iocorporallog 2 JtECMASlCAL
MA / 2-6/10/ 10A.
/ 100Of/ IK
600I 260 / 1,000 / a ,000 V
(I.O, FILTERS exceptional selectiTity and sensi-
10K / 100K / 10M I 100 / 600mA 10A/
0 / 80KA / 110 tivity.
400Kc/s, 659-l.GMKc/s. l-6-4-CMc/9.5 4bands
Frequency coverage on 1&0-
S-14-55fc/s,
lOMQ. —10 toAJ -kIR 113.13.0. P. & P.S/-, (I.e. 20K / 200IC / 20 lO-S-SOMc/s. Circnit inoorporales K.P. stage,
LAPAYETTE MB. £15. P. ft P. 5/-. , aerial trimmer, noise llmiter. B-P-O. product
67 Itiuige Snpcr MODEL AS-100D. ^ .C- detector, electrical bandsprend. H meter, slide rule
50,000 O.P.T.
Multimeter. D.c.
lOOKB/VOLT
mirror acale. Built-
din,, 4dial.or Output
3ohm8.forOperation
phones, low220/2405'.
to 2Ka ora.c.speaker
Size
Volts Volts
126V-J000V. in meter protection. 75
S.A.E.' 15for leaflet.
101 u, SuppllcdbrDndnewandgnftrnnteedwithhandbook. 86GNS. Carr. 19/-.
A.c. 1.5V- 01 3 I 12 / 60 1 120 I
1000V. D.c. Curteot 800 / 600 / 1,200V. NEW LAFAYETTE SOLID
86/lA-lO
Ohms. 0-16Amp, d.o.
MegB. 608V. 0/6/30/120/300/
u.c, 0/lOfiA/ STATE HA600 RECEIVER
dB. —20 to*-:-81iIB. 6/60/300MA/12 Amp. 5SHORTBANDWAVE. AM CW.SSB
Ovcrlont! Protection. £12.10.0. Carr. 3/6.
SEW MODEL 800.80,000
0/2K / 209K / 251 /
200MB. —20 !(■ 150KCAMATEUR
S TO 400KC ANDS
AND
F.E.T.550KC;S
front endTO• 80BC;S.
O.P.T. with overtoatl
protection. Mirror scale. P+I7d ft P.B.8/6. £12.10.0. 2 mechanical filters •
Huge dial • Product detector • 5'ariablc
0 / 0-5 / 2-6/10 / 25 / 300/ Bt'O • Noise•llmiter
230 / 600 / 1,000V. d.c.
0 / 2-6 / 10/ 1,000V.
/ 25 / 100a.c./
MODEL AF-IOS. 50KQ/
Volt.-Mirror ecale,0/.3/3/12/
built-in Bandspread 2305"• u.c.lHV
S Meter d.e.
• 24;jn.
ncg.
280 / 600 meter tnoUctlou, earth operation <9 HP gain control. Size
O/50(AA It/ SOI OOOiiiA. •fiO/iso/aoo/oOo/x.aoov. d.e. I5iu < 9Jin x 8>ln. 5Vt.l8 lb.
12 aiup. '1,0- 0/60,KS. 0/6/30/120/300/600/1,200 V. EXCEPTIONAL VALUE £46. Carr. 10,'-. K.A.E. for lull dctnlls.
n.c. 0/30WA/B/60/300MA/ 4cootinnons
band receiver
Meg./OUIncgohm £8,17.6.
Post paid. • " 100 MB —20to +17 dB,/
12 Amp. 0/10K1151/ 10M TRIO COMMUNICATION
RECEIVER MODEL 9R-59DE andcovering
electricalSSOKc/sto 30Mo/son
band spread
PROFESSIONAL 20,000 OJ.V. 18.10.0. P. ft 1'. 3/6. 10. 16,20. 40 and 80 metres. 8 valve pins
LAB. TESTER 7phone
diodejackcircnit. 4/3 ohm output
S9B-C5V • ASL • Variable sad
overload uro- MODEL 18-12.
O.P.V. 0/0-0/30/120/600/ 20.000 BFO • S meter • Sep. band spread dial
inn-
tcctlon. MCEue. 3,200 / 3,000 / 6,000V. d.c. •Variable
IF 445KC/8 •andAudio
BF Mains. Ap OUtptlt 1-65V.
gain designed.•
controls,
Rnnges: 1/10/ 1/6/20/120/600/1,200V. u.c. lie/gsor. a.c. Beautifully
60 / 280 / 500/ «0 // S0«A
61C / 16
600K / 60/ 1BincK./OO.
600MA. .Size: 7 ami : 13 service
lOln. data.
With ioatrnctton
1,000 volts, and .i.e.0/30K, iV-3U6(iA. McRobin aOPF. 2 51 I'D m manual £37.10,0.
Cnrriage 12/6.
2IOiuA, 230mA.Decibels:
nregiihin. Current: 20GK.
—20 tu +22<1B- £5.19.0. P. ft P. 3/6.
LAFAYETTE PF^60 SOLID STATE VHF FM RECEIVER
£6.19.6. P. H P. 2/6. MODEL
O.P.V. IE 80. 20,000 A completely new transistorised, receiver covering
MODEL TE-70. 30,000 0 / 10 / 60 f 100 / 500 / 162-174Mc/8- Fully tunable or crystal controlled
O.P.V. 0/3/15/60/300/ 1.000V. ».c. 0/0/23/60/ (not supplied) 4 (orINTEGRATED
fixed frequencyCIRCUITS.operation.
600/1,200V. .I.e. 0/6/ 250 / 500 / 1.000V. (I.e. Incorporates
30 /120 / 600 /1,200V, 0-50/i-V. 6/54/SOOlilA. Built
JI.O. 0/30ixA / 3/30 /
SOOniA. O/6K/tiO/K/600K/6 Meg. and volume controls. Tape recorder Squelch
in speaker and lllumlnnted dial. output.
1-651 I 0/161C/160K/
lUinegobin. £4.17.6. I'- ft P. 3/-. 75n
2305' aerial input.
a.e./I25' (i.e. ■ Headphone
Keg, earth. jack. Operation
£37.10.0. Carr. 10.
HODEL 2601. 2,000 £5.10.0. P. A- P. 3/.. MODEL PT-34.
O.P.V. 1,000 O.P.V.O/IO/ LAFAYETTE LA-224T TRANSISTOR STEREO AMPLIFIER
2.600V. (I.e.0/10/30/800/
0/10/50/ 60 / 230 J 500 /
1.000V. ax-, and 19 itiinslslore,
305V at 8D- Response S diodes. 1HF- music
30-20,000 ±2dB atpower,
15V
600/2.COOV. a.c. d.O. 0/1/100/500 . -o: Distortion l°i or less. Inputs 8m5' and 250mV.
0/2ntegohiu. 0/250 mA. niA. d.c, 0/100 Output 3-16n. Separate L, and It. volume
—20 to +36411. KB 39/6. P. ft P. coutrola.
49/8. P. ft P. 2/6. 1/6, ss. phone Jack.Treble Brushed andnlutninium.
bass control. Stereo
gold anodiaed
TRANSISTORISED extruded front panel with
case. Size 10J x 3ft 7tlln. Operation complimentary metal
ADVANCE 115/2305". .5.5'. £28. Carr, 7/8.
TEST EQUIPMENT TWO-WAY
Brand new and boxed in origins! TELEPHONE 6ARRARD DECKS •^TRANSISTORISED FM TUNER*
eealed car ton INTERCOM Brand new and goftrnuteed. 6 TEAN8XSTOR
VM7&, VALVE VOLTMETER Operative over amazingly 1025 mono
1026 stereo £7.10,0.
£7.19.6. HISHQUAIITY
R.F. measurements in excess loug distances. Beparate coll 2026 TC less enrt. £7.19.8. TCTNEE. SIZE
of lOOMc/s and d.c. and press to talk bnttona, 2025 TC etereo £8.19.8. ONLY 6 y. 4 y.
2-wire connection- lOOO's o( SP25 Mk.TIlesslesscart.
cart. £13.10.0. 2tin.
stages. 3 Double
I.F.
measurements up to 1,000V applications. Beautifully fin- ALAB80Mk.lIiC88cnrt.,wi(bl>nEa
70 MJc.XI £12.12.0. tuned discrim-
with accuracy of ±2%. ished in ebony. Supplied £27.10.0. inator. Ample
D.c, range 300mV to IkV. complete with batteries and Carr. 7/B each output to feed
A.c. range 300m V to 300V wail brackets. Wooden Plinths lot Onrrord Series 1,000. most amplifiers. Operates onReady 95*.
RMS. Resistance 0.02- £6.19.8. P. ft P. 3/6. battery. Coverage
2,000. 3.000, etc.. with perspcx cover. built ready for use. Fantaalie value for SS-lOBMc/s.
SOOHil. Price £72. £4.10.0. P. ft F. 4/6.
VMTfi. A.C MlLLJ VOLT METER money. £6,7.6. P. ft P. 2/6.
Transistorised. ImV to 300V. INTERCOM/BABY SITTER In- Stereo maUiflex adaptors 6 Rns.
Frequency Ic/s to IMc/$. Transistorised GARRARD TAPE H0SIOEN DH04S 2-WAY STEREO
Price £SS. sg tercotns. ideal lor
VM79. UHF MILLIVOLT METER ^ home / office / work- MOTORS HEADSETS
shop etc. 2-way 'Brand new stock as Each
Transistorised. A.c. range
lOmV to 3V. D.c. current buzzer
For
cull system.
desk Supplied
or wall used by famous taiiu headphone
a in woofer con-
range 0.01 -O/A to 0,3mA. mounting. iiiannfactorer.
2565' a.c. Capstan 200/ and a I in tweeter.
Resistance I ohm to 10 complete with bat-coo- Built In individual
megohms. £125. nectlng wire, motor 15/-. Fast
ward 10/6. Fast For-Re- levei
26-18,0OOc/8. controls.
8D Imp.
HIS. AUDIO SIGNAL teries, iBStroctlona, wind 10/8. PAP. 3/-. Set of three motors with cable and stereo
GENERATOR 2 station 59/6. P. ft P. 2/6. 4 station "' " P. ft P. 6/-. plug. £5,19.8. F. ft P.
£6.18.6. P. ftP. ah. 2/6.
I5c/s to 50kc/s, sine or
square wave. Prlte £30, DDBILXEE NITROOEL CONDENSERS.
JIB, AUDIO SIGNAL MODEL Brand new. 8mF 8005', 8/6. P. ft P. 2/-:
GENERATOR
I5c/s to SOkc/s. Price £30. It has theZdM tallestTRANSISTOR
capacity for CHECKER Renter
RECORDING HEADS
;-track. As fitted to CaJlato Jfk. 15"
2mP. 0,0005', 42/8. P. ft P. 6/-,
checking oo'A, B and Ico, and Studio Decks, High imp. record play CT.63 SIGNAL OENERATOBS. 8 9-15-5 and
JIB. AUDIO SIGNAL Equally diodes,
cheeking adaptable lor ;
etc. Bpec back, low imp, erase. Brand new. 19/8 20-300Mc/s. Output l«V-I0OniV. Mains
GENERATOR A: 0-7-0-9967. B: 5-200. pair. MTSIFLUXrackS-track record plate.
12/fl. operated. Rertecl condition leas chart*.
As per JIB except fitted with Ico; 0-00 mlcroomps i COSMOCOKD
output meter. £35. 0-5niA, Resistance TR1-600/P/5V4-trecord/replaywith mounting
65/-; TRI- £12.10.0. Carr. 15/-,
TTIS. TRANSISTOR TESTER diode SOOB-IMB. I 120/F/W record/replay 86/-; TEL 1-6 WS.88 TRANS/RECEIVERS A and B sets
Supplied complete P/W Erase 20/-. MARRIOTT 4-track
£37.10.0. Carriage 10/- per
item. instructions, batterywithand heads. Record/playback. High Imp. 66/-; P.available. Complete with valves. 39/6 each.
ft P. 4/6. Accessories available.
leads. £5,19.8. P.SP. 2/6. Erase low imp. 80/-. Post extra.
OPEN
(RADIO) LIMITED 9 a.m. to
Phone ceRRARD 820-3 91,55 £ p.m. every
d»y Mon. to
Cables SMITHEX LfSQUARf Sac. Trade
3-34 LISIE STREET, LONDON. WC2 supplied.
755
NOW - Knight-Kits quality KISH SPEED MAGHEHC CODSTEES (4x1:: llo). 4 digit. 12/24/48V (state
which) 0/8-each. P. 4 P, If-.
COPPER LAMINATE BOARD (8i x Si :< A in). 2/8 each. 6 lor 10/-.
at new lower prices! RE-SETTABLE HISH SPEED COUNTER (3x1: fin), S digit. J2/24/48V (state
which) 82/6 each,
... and anyone can build them BULK COMPONENT OFFERS
100 Capacitors 50pF to O.SiiF.
250 Carhon Resistors ) 4 JW (Transistor types).
250
108 Carbon
CeramicResistors
CapacitoreI 42—l.OOdpF.
IW. *
Simple, step by step instructions enable you to build these right- 25 Vitreoni WfW Resistors (5%).
up-to-date Knight-Kits hi-fi units at a much lower price than 12 Precision Reslstcra <0.1% several standard values included)
similar made-up units. Acclaimed by reviewers, the Knight-Kits 25 Close Tolerance Gaps. (2%).
range offers equipment to everyone's standards and specifications
using professional components. Get your free Knight-Kit booklet 412Silicon
SilkenRecta.
Diodes400
600p.i.v.
p.i.r.3 760
amp.ton.
860Silicon Sects. 100 p.l.v. 3
Silicon Trans. (2N706/708, amp-BSY28/29. BCY41/42 types.) Cnmarkcd, rnteeUd.
now showing hi-fi units, 'scopes and test equipment, plus oar
tuning, photographlo and other interesting electronic kits. Here ANV ITEM 18/6, ANY 8 ITEMS £2.10.0.
are some typical examples.
S.C.Rs. (XhjTietoraJ CBS1/20 6/8: CR8I/40 7/8; OB33/10 7/8: CB83/30 8/6;
CKS8/4010/-; CB83/5012/6 each.
'8000* TTPE RELATE (ex. new equip.) 10 for 86/- (our choice) P. 4 P. 5/--
VESKER LMHT WEIGHT ACCDMHLAICaS (lozlj 1} x lln). 1-5 Ahr 12/8 each.
COMPUTER
each. LOGIC BOARDS oonlainhigi 14 BCZll, 2 trimpota, diodes, etc., 80/-
LIGHT DIMKES/aPEED
1,000 watt, 80/-. CONTROL M0DDLE8: 200 watt; 85/-; 600 watt, 4S/-J
KG 865 50 Watts Stereo Amplifier KG 7S5 Stereo Tuner ah silicon RECORD LEVEL METERS (By Smiths). 1} y. Jin, 15/- each. P. & P. 2/6.
251 dB,
watts SnSIATURE BELAYS (Jog, J X i x Jin), 24V 1 e/0,7/8 each. 12V. 10/- each.
18 toIHF30,000
transistors
per Hz.
channel-
lorpower
stability
Response ±
All silicon
aod cleaner
translator
response
distortion ±Stereo
lass 30P.M.
1 dB.than Tuner.Hz.Prequeocy
to1%.15.000
88 BUS
to 108 harmonic
MHz P. C. CONNECTORS (13 way in-line), 4/8 pair.
sounds. Wide band width 20 to tumintr range. Matches KG or other LARGE OAPACm ELBCTB0LYTI0S: 100 + 400uE, 27oV: l.OOOuF, 60V: 2,BOO/iF,
20.000 Hz6d-atTeak
1% barmonlo distortion. am oil Here, Aatomatlc stereo switch. 70V; 3,208/iF. 16Y; S.OOO/iF. 16V. 4/- each. 4.008mF. 90V: 6,OOOuF. 2SV, 7/8 each.
£34 l&a.
Pius 13s. Id. tax. caae extra £4 14s. 5d. 13s. Od 8d.tax.tax.Tuning: Heart £6 3s. 4d.Sd.plus
£2016s. 2d. Teak case extra £4 148. plus 6,000/iF.
each. SOV; 6,S00)iF. S3V; lO.OOO^F, 30V: IS.OOO^tF, 16V; 26.000/iF, 16V, 10/-
£112s- SPEAKER BARGAINS (E.H.I. 13 ;< Sin.) With two Tweeters and :< /over, 16 ohm.
86/-; with Dual Gone, 15 ohm. 68/8; Single Cone, 3 or IS ohm, 48/-. P. 4 P. 8/-.
PANE. 13ln, 20waH (Dual Cone). »S/-P. & P. 8/-.
OiPi TWEETER (E.M.I. Sin), IS ohm, 12/6.
CAB RADIO <8/6 ohm), 7 x 41n, IS/-; 8 x Sin, 17/8.
L.T. TRANSFORMERS. Prim 240V. SEC. 10/20/25V. and 3.6 amp, 20/-. P- A P- 5/-
5 amp. mnrtel 25/-. P. & P. 6/-.
ets e> © ® C) €>€>■
PATTRICK & KiNNIE
KG 980 Stereo S.M. Receiver Star
Combined
ampllfler Btereo
with S.M- Receiver
2S watts I.H.P. and 81 PARK LANE, HORNCHURCH, ESSEX
Frequency
Mz. Tuning response
range 88 + 1108
to IBchannel.
dB,MHz. toSpeaker
30,000 Roamer 5 band shortwave receiver
AHam
deluxe A.M. receiver able topluscover world ROMford 44473
outputs for 4-16 ohms. £5S 3a. and R.T. conversations 200alltothe
case extra
Tuning £S Is.£8 6d.
Heart es. plusplus
4d. Od. tax.Teak
fld.
14s.£112s. Sd.
usual
KHz andA.M.550programmes.
KHz to 30 Covers
MHz In 6 band- 400
tax. swltcled
needle ranges
sharp with special
seperatlon and features fop
laaxlmum
sensitivity
to HO microvolts tor 10 dB signal
andnolle
noiseratio). Automaoio
11mlter. £21 ISs. Od.volume control
SAME DAY SERVICE
Auto Analyzer VALVES NEWl TESTED! GUARANTEED!
Kitassemble
This simple
tomakes Battery Charger Kit
tune-upscarandkit Car battery
lor easy charger
winter Set ot 4 for 17/8. DAF9S, DF96, DK96. DL98, 4 for 86/-.
trouble- starting andbattery OZ4 4/8 12AX7 4/9 DK96 EL42 9/9 PEN36C16/- UCC85 8/8
shooting
easy fast proionged 1A7GT 7/8 12K8GT 7/6 DL35 7/- EL34 4/9 FFL20012,'- ucrso
and with
profeaaional life. Ruggedly
designed for long 1H5GT 7/3 20F3 10/6 DL92 51- 5/9 BL90 61- PL38 9/6 UCH42 8/8
results, to
pcrlontianceget more
and morepower,
miles better
per gallon. life and easily
portable. 493. lid. 1N60T
IR5 6/8 7/9 20L1 18/9 DL94 5'9 ELMS 6i-
EMSO 5/9 FL82 PL81 7/3
6/6 i;CH81 9/9
9/6
You powered
can perform actual 20P3- 14/9 DL9B 7/- PLa:i 71- i;CL83 m LCL83
Sett lots ofroad
with6d. tests too.
special KA3 Electronic Science XS5
1T4 4/3 20P4 18/8
23U4GXU/8 EABC80
DY86 5/9 EM81
UYS7 6/8 6,9
5/9 EM84 8/8 PL84 6/3 I,T4I 9/3
features. £2317s. Lab Kit. 100 in 1
Create overand 100valve 3S4 2,8 6.8 3001 7/- EM87 7/6 PLSOOFL504 12/6 UF80
11/9 UF86 7/-
9/9
3V4 4/6 30C1S 12/6
13/6 EAF42 9/6 EY61 FL608 16/- 1! FSB 6/9
Timing Light Q transistor
projects with thisBuild 6U4G 8,'8 30C17 EB91 2/3 EY8fl 7h
6/3
EZ40 7/6 PM84 7/9 UL41 9/9 6/3
Kit By components kit. 6Y3GT 6,'8 30CI8
30F5 12/- 9/- EBC33
EBC41 7/6 EZ4I PX28 16/6 1X44 20/-
checking aropllflera. voitometer, 6240 7;6 12/6 BBF8I) 7/- EZ80 7/6 PY32 10/- UL84
ignition cryetal
code set
buzzer, radio,
solar cell, 8/36L2 12/6
2,3 30FL1
301X1412/6 ECX»IEBF89 6/- 6,3 EZ31 4/6
4/9 PY83 UM84 6/6
tirotng. without special 6AL5 10/- 7/6
A ,
KG 371 xVi synchronlza*
tion of double- 136 page
full manualtools.
Instructions gives
on
6AM6
BAGS 4/8
8,6 30L1 8/- 3/9 KT0I
30L16 14'- ECC82 4'9 KT8I 1SI- PY81 8/8 PY80 s/s
6/8
EY41
LY84 ?/-
6/9
breaker arms and sparklng-advanco BATS 4/- 30L17 EOCSS 7/- .V78 14,9 PV84 6/- VP1321 VP4B 10/6
your car gets
reliability endbetter
more performance,
miles to theof
021 principle
practice. and
£16 25. lid. SAL' 6/6
6BA6S 4/8 30P4 13/-
12,'- ECC84
Eccas E/6 PABCaa 9,-8
4/9 7/3 pysa
PY88 6/9 Z77 21/-
gallon. This hlgh-inteDslty typo 5-/ Plus 5s. Id. tax. 6BE6 4/3 30P12 n/- KCC80418/6 PCS' peas! FV80U 6/9 3/6
timing lightespecially
enables accurate chocks 1IBJ6 30P19
30PL1 12/- ECF80 7/- FC96 9/6 8/6 PY801 6/9
8/9 AC
Ttomialort
107 8/6
to be made, In conjunction
wi th the auto analyzer Wt, KG 37SA. Code Oscillator Kit BBW9 6/9 12/6 ECF82 PCS' BI9 ACI27
Code
hand practice
key.with oscillator,
battery, forand
code «C4 18/-2/9
80PU314/8 6/9
30PL14 146 ECHSS 6/- PC900 8,3 R20 12/6 8/8 6/6 AJD140 2/-
7/9
practice flasher 6F13 3SL6GT 8/- ECH42 ; PCC84 6/- TH21C 8/9 AF102 18/-
10:6
speaker. Ideal
international for learning
morse code. 6K14 8/89/- 35W4 4/8 ECH81 5 B PCC86 6/8 1*25 18/- AFII6 3/-
6F23 12/6 3524GT 6/- ECH34 7/8 6/9 PCC88 9/9 UiS
047 12/- API 18
£3 19s. 6d. 6K70
fiKSG 2/6 85A2 7/8 ECL80 8/8 rccso 10/6
If1/62 13/8 AF117 8/-
40 13/8 3/3
6L18 4/3 6063 12/8 ECLS2
AZ31 9/- BCL83 9,- PCF80 7/- PCC189 9/9 AF124 7/6
6VSG 8/68/- 12/6 ECL8C 8/3 PCF82 1778 8/8 AF128 3/6
4/8 API 26
New 980 page Hobbies Manual 6V6GT 8,'B B729
CCH3S 10/- EF39 PCF80 «/-
9/9 0191 7/-
12 Hobbies Sections • over 12,000 6X4 3/8 CLS3 18/6 KF41 3/9 9/6 FCF6(X» 13/8 11301 11/-
18/8 AF127
OC22 3/6
6/-
units & components for dozens of CX5GT 5/9 DAC32 7,3 EF80 4/9 FCFS01 7/8 U801 18/9 OC28 8/9
TBS 10/9
7B7 BAP91 4/8 EF85
EF88 5/6 8/3 PCF602
PCF805 9,8 UABC30 6/3 OC44 OC45 2/8
Hobbies 15/6 7C6 16/-7/- DAFflS
DK33 6/- EF89 5/3 9/- UAP42
CB41 9/6
6/6 OC7I 2/8
7/9 PCF80S11/8 2/8
(Please send me: Free Knight-Kits brochure □ 7C6 6/9 BP91 2/9 EF91 3/8 PCF80S12/6 UBC41 7/9 OC72 2/6
(which□
The new Eleotronlques Hobbies 7X4 6/6 11F9H 9/- EF183 5/9 PCL82 7/3 UBC8I 7/- OC78 2/-
_ Enclosed Is a5/-
cheque/postal orderManual,
for 16/6HBt8) lOFl 16/-
30P13 16/8
DH77
DH81 4/- EFI84
EH'Jil 5,'9 PCL83
PCL84 9/- UBF80 6/-
7/6 IIBFS0 6/9 OC81 2/3
includes the
g Electronlquea tip) made
(Prop. STCipayable
Ltd. to .ItfW'""'"" 12AT7 3/9 DK32 I2/67/9 ELS3 6/8 8/9 PCL86 8/3 UBL21 9/- ocaiu
OC82 2/3
2/3
OCB2D 2/8
laxus 4/9 DK91 6;8 EL34 9/6 PCL86 UC92
Name | 12AU7 4/9 DK92 9/3 EIA1 9/8 FESA4 8/8 6/0 CCC84 61- 7/0 OC170 2/6
Address pb4 READERS RADIO
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pec
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756
DULCI HI-FI AMP. • BARGAIN — I2inSpamround,
ken, Hi-Fi
STEREO 7w X 7w
RECORD PLAYER AMP. "SOLENT"
Scandinavian style speaker SONOTONE Selhunt
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Usual price gain Pried 59/6 only. Imp. 8-15 ohms. Woofer £4.19.8.
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BOLTON
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MARTIN IS HIGH-FIDELITY
The Sinclair IC-10 is the World's first monolithic Integrated Important are complete freedom from thermal runaway due
circuit high fidelity power amplifier and pre-amplifier. The to the close thermal coupling between the output transistors
circuit itself, which has an output power of 10 Watts, is a and the bias diodes and very low level of distortion.
chip of silicon oniy a twentieth of an inch square by one
hundredth of an inch thick. This tiny chip contains 13 The IC-10 is primarily intended as a full performance high
transistors (including two power types), 2 diodes, 1 zenor fidelity power and pre-amplifier, for which application it
diode and 18 resistors, all of which are formed simultane- only requires the addition of the usual tone and volume
ously in the silicon by a series of diffusions. The chip is controls and a battery or mains power supply. However, the
encapsulated in a solid plastic package which holds the IC-10 is so designed that it may be used simply in many
metal heat sink and connecting pins. other applications including car radios, electronic organs,
Monolithic I.C's. were originally developed for use In servo amplifiers (it is d.c. coupled throughout) etc.
computer and space applications where their extraordinary The photographic masks required for producing monolithic
toughness and reliability were even more important than I.C's. are expensive but once made, the circuits can be
their minute size. These same advantages make them ideal produced with complete uniformity and at very low cost. So
for linear applications such as audio amplifiers, but hitherto we are able to sell the IC-10 at a price far below that of the
they have been confined to low power applications. The components for a conventional amplifier of comparable
IC-10 thus represents a very exciting advance. Not only is power. At the same time, we give a 5 year unconditional
it far more rugged and reliable than any previous amplifier, guarantee on each IC-10 knowing that every unit will work
it also has considerable performance advantages. The most as perfectly as the original and do so for a lifetime.
inczlair-
■ Specifications
Power Output 10 Watts peak, 5 Watts R.M.S.
continuous.
Frequency response 5 Hz to 100 KHz^ldB.
Total harmonic distortion Less than 1% at full output.
Load impedance 3 to 15 ohms. ABOVE SHOWS ACTUAL
Power gain 110dB (100,000.000,000 times) total. SIZE OF IC>10.
Supply voltage 8 to 18 volts. TO RIGHT, VIEW OF
AMPLIFIER MAGNIFIED
Size 1 x 0.4 x 0.2 inches. 625 TIMES. ■m
Sensitivity 5 mV. K
Input impedance Adjustable externally up to
2.5 M ohms for above sensitivity.
■ Circuit Description
The circuit diagram of the IC-10 is shown on the right.
The first three transistors are used in the pre-amp and
the remaining 10 in the power amplifier. The output stage
operates in class AB with closely controlled quiescent
current which is independent of temperature. A high
level of overall negative feedback is used round both
sections and the amplifier is completely free from cross-
over distortion at all supply voltages. Thus battery
operation is eminently satisfactory. Applications
Each IC-10 Is sold with a very comprehensive -
manual giving circuit and wiring diagrams for a
large number of applications in addition to high
■ Construction fidelity uses. These include public address,
loud-hailers, use in cars, inter-com., stabilised
power supplies, electronic organs, oscillators,
The monolithic I.C. chip is bonded onto a gold plated volt meters, tape recorders, solar cell amplifier,
area on the heat sink bar which runs through the package. radio receivers. -llu
The transistors in the tC-10 have cut off
Wires are then welded between the I.C. and the tops of frequencies greater than 500 MHz so the pre-
the pins which are also gold' plated in this region. amp section can be used as an R.F. or I.F.
amplifier making it possible to build complete
Finally the complete assembly is encapsulated in solid radio receivers without any additional transistors.
plastic which completely protects the circuit. The final
device is so rugged that it can be dropped thirty feet on
to concrete without any effect on performance. The
circuit will also work perfectly at all temperatures from SINCLAIR
The complete IC-
well below zero to above the boiling point of water. 10 with the man-
ual and 5 year 596
guarantee costs
IC-10 just
Post free
SINCLAIR
i
m
development in years
It costs about a quarter of what you would expect with aluminium bar trim keep this speaker
to pay for a good stereo speaker system when you pleasantly in conformity with modern design
choose 0.14s. This is because of the considerable trends. The 0-14 has acoustically con-
amount of research and experimentation into the toured and seated sound chamber. Smooth
acoustic properties of special materials that went response from 60-16,OOOHz. Loading up to
into the design of this excellent speaker. It 14 watts. 8 ohms impedance. Brilliant
resulted in an instrument so outstandingly good transient response. Size 9|in square on
that experts, reviewers and the public alike were face. Finished black matt with aluminium
unanimous in their praise for the Q.14 at this bar trim. Detachable pedestal base. Near
year's Audio Fair. The 0.14 is very compact, the Q.14 in your own home. If you are not
measuring only 9|in square on its face by 4|in delighted with it, send it back, and your money,
deep. Its unusual contours permit it to be including cost of return postage to this office,
positioned where no ordinary speaker could be will be refunded in full.
used to advantage. The neat black matt finish
£7-19-6
inczlaii—
760
SINCLAIR IfllCROMATIG
&
IN THE NEW
,vo
1* x lA X r\n Sr-
CT KIT PACK
Tunes over medium waves i?
Plays anywhere This attractive new presenta-
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(n kit form or complete check the contents of your
ci kit instantly. Everything is
Complete kit inc. there down to the last nut
magnetic ear-piece
and instructions. 49/6 and includes easy to follow
instructions and generous
supply of free solder.
Ready built and tested 59/6
Mallory Mercury Cell RM.67S {2 needed)
each 219.
SINCLAIR
SINCLAIR Z.12
STABILISED t*
POWER 12 WATT AMPLIFIER
SUPPLY UNIT
A heavy duty a.c. mains power supply AND PRE-AMP
unit delivering t&V d.c. at 1-5A. De- The Sinclair Z.I2 his fantastic power-co-size ratio,
signed for Sinclair IC-10 and greatmains
or PZ.4 adaptability- it will operate
power supply unit, andfront
givesbatteries
superb
or for assemblies using stereo reproduction for modeit outlay. Thousands
two Z.t2s and stereo are in use throughout the world—in hi-fi, electronic *
25 unit. 99/6 music instruments, P.A., intercom systems, etc. This
Ready built and tested. tmeguaranteed
and 12 watt amplifier
togetheris with
supplied readymanual
the Z.I2 built, tested
which
details control circuits enabling you to match the
Z.I2 to your precise reouiremencs. For complete
listening satisfaction use your Z,I2 system with Q.14
loudspeakers. It assures superb quality with sub-
SINCLAIR GUARANTEE stantial saving in outlay,
Should you not be completely ★
3 x l|IDEAL
x IiinFOR BATTERY
# Class OPERATION
B Ulcralinear output • 15-
continuous sine music
(24W peak) ISW wave
satisfied with your purchase when power (30W peak)
you receive it from us, your money 50,000Hz ±Two
speakers. IdB30•speakers
Suitablemayforbe 3,used5, in8parallel
or ISO• • Ready built, tested
will be refunded in full at once and Input—2mV into 2k 0 • Output—12 watts ft.M.S. and guaranteed.
without question. Full service facilities
available to all purchasers.
To: SINCLAIR RADIONICS LTD., 22 NEWMARKET ROAD, CAMBRIDGE
■ ■ ■ Please send POST FREE NAME
iniz:l=iir" ADDRESS,
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:-V.
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ar '
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* *" "* • »
SOLDERING
INSTRUMENTS
Short of a lead?
With a 3-pin DIN plug on one end and 3.5mm lack on the other? With the
Goldring Screened Audio Lead Set, you've got it—instantly—at your
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storage box. There's no longer any need to have
an unwieldy collection of dozens of different With the introduction of the latest
leads ... and still be short of the right one! moulded Nyfon handle, the
This new Goldring set will give you most of the change-over to this type throughout
connections you're ever likely to want-
without searching for cables and plugs, the range is now complete. The
without soldering, without waiting, without LITESOLD range includes seven
further expense. The Goldring Audio Lead Set,
from your Hi-Fi deafer, R ft models (10,18, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 60
is a real investment at I.*5» Di v watts), and many accessories.
♦Goldring are now marketing an extremely
useful range of individually packed leads,
plugs, sockets and connections for audio The newest handle is fitted to the 30,
enthusiasts.
GOLDRING MANUFACTURING CO. (G.B.) LTD., 35 and 60 watt models, the latter
r5%j 486-488 High Road, Leytonstone. London, E.11. being an improved version of the *
Tel: Leytonstone 8343. 55 watt model which It supersedes.
764
HEftTHKIt for Top Value in Electronics
A kit for every interest — Home Workshop — Hi-Fi — Radio — Test — Amateur
Latest STEREO TAPE RECORDER, STR-1 Latest STEREO AMPLIFIER, TSA-12
Fully portable—own speakers 12 x 12 watts output
Kit £58. 0. 0 Incl. P.T. P.P. 10/6 Kit £32.16. 0 less cabinet P. P.I 0/6
Ready-to-use £72. 0. 0 Inci. P.T.
P.P. 10/6 Cabinet £2. 5.0 extra
FOR THJS SPECIFICATION Ready-to-use £39.10. 0 (less cab.) P.P. 10/6
i track stereo or mono record and
playback at 71,3i and Hips. Sound- FOR THIS SPECIFICATION
on-sound and soond-wlth-sound 17 transistors, 6 diode circuit. ildB, 16 to 50,000Hz at 12W
capabilities. Stereo record, stereo per channel into 8 ohms. Output suitable for 8 or 15 ohm
playback, mono record and playback loudspeakers. 3 stereo inputs for Gram, Radio and Aux.
on either channel. 18 transistor circuit tor cool, Instant and depend- Modern low silhouette styling. Attractive aluminium, golden
able operation. Moving coii record level indicator. Digital counter anodised front panel. Handsome assembled and finished
with thumb-wheel zero reset. Stereo microphone and auxiliary inputs walnut veneered cabinet available. Matches Heathkit models
and controls, speaker/headphone and external amplifier outputs ... TFM-1 and AFM-2 transistor tuners.
front panel mounted for easy access. Pushrbutton controls for
operational modes. Built-in stereo power amplifier giving 4W rms per Full range power... over extremely wide frequency range.
channel. Two high efficiency 8' x 5' speakers. Operates on 230V Special transformerless output circuitry. Adequately heat-
a.c. supply. sinked power transistors for cool operation—long life, 6 position
Versatile recording facliities. So easy to build—so edsy to use. source switch.
High-performance CAR RADIO, CR-1 Latest Portable Stereo Record Player, SRP-l
Automatic playing of 16, 33, 45
Superb long and medium wave and 78 rpm records. All transis-
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LP/78 stylus. Plays mono or
Complete your motoring pleasure stereo records. Suitcase port-
with this compact outstanding unit. ability. Detachable speaker en-
closure for best stereo effect.
8 Latest semiconductors (6 transistors. 2 diodes). For 12V positive or 12V Two Bin x Sin special loud-
neuative earth systems. Powerful output (4W). Preassembied and aligned speakers. For 220-2S0V a.c.
tuning unit. Push-button lone and wave change controls. Positive manual mains operation. Overall cabi-
tuning. Easy circuit board assembly. Instant operation, no warm-up time. net size ISA x 3} x lOiin.
Tastefully styled to harmonise with any car colour scheme. High gualily Compact, economical stereo and mono record playing for the whole
output stage will operate two loudspeakers if desired. Can be built for a Family—plays anything from the Beatles to Bartok, All solid-state
total price. circuitry gives room filling volume.
KIT (incl. speaker) £14.12.0 incl. P.T. Ready-to-use£19.12.0 KIT £28.6.0 incl. P.T. P.P. 10/6 Ready-to-use £35.4.0
p.p. 4/6 (incl. speaker) P.P. 4/6 P.P. 10/6
A wide range of Transistor Portables
SPEAKER SYSTEMS UXR-1, now available tn Modern
HI-FI SPEAKER SYSTEM. Model coloured eases or leather.
SSU-1. Ducted-port bass reflex cabi- 6 transistor, 1 diode circuit. 7 x 4in.
net "in the white". Two speakers. speaker. LW and MW coverage.
Vertical/horizontal models wilh legs. Kit Case: brown leather-, or colours
SSU-1 £14. 0. 0. P.P. 12/-. Without legs, Kit navy blue, coral pink, lime green.
£13.4.0 incl. P.T. P.P. 7/6 Please state 2nd choice.
Kit £12. 8. 0. incl. P.T. Colour UXR-1
Kit £13. 8. 0. incl. P.T. Leather
The BERKELEY SLIM-LINE Ready-to-use £15.10.0. P.P. 4/6
SPEAKER SYSTEM, fully finished UXR-2, choice of black or brown
walnut or teak veneered cabinet for faster real leather cases.
construction. Special 12* bass unit and 4* 7 transistor, 3 diode circuit. Battery
mid/high frequency unit. Range 30- saving circuitry. LW and MW
17,000Hz. Size 26" x 17* only 71* deep. coverage. Pushbutton wave change.
Modern attractive styling. Excellent Slide rule tuning.
value.
Kit £21. 4.0. P.P. 13/6 Kit £15.10. 0, incl. P.T. Leather
Berkeley Ready-to-use £24. 0. 0. P.P. 13/6 Ready-to-use £17.10.0. P.P. 6/-
UXR-2
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766
urn a m 11 PRACTICAL
Zlhm ELECTRONICS
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The. term."Bionics" will inall likeiihoodcome a com pi icated ^machines. Thus, if thp modus
little strange to many readers; it is in fact a word operandi could .be established for a biological
coined only some years-fback- to describe a brain, then it would not be unreasonable to
science concerned with thev possibilities^of Ssuppo^e that||he same^type of principles might
constructing automata modelled upon real life be replicated mechanically—better still efec-
: ,l
biological examples. tronicaliy.
— "
V r
In fact Bionics springs from a more all embracing This to a degree is what bionics sets out to
title, that of Cybernetics. The late mathe- accomplish, although in the coming, series of
matician Norbert Wiener suggested the word articles the term is used in a somewhat modified
cybernetics in about 1948 as ra nabie for the context. The idea of this series will be to
science of control and communication in'ahimals present a number of challenging and often
and machines. Cybernetics is involved withjahd unusual applications of electronics—particular
finds Its origins in as varied disciplines a^philb- stress being laid on "home brewed" automata.
sophy, physiology, psychology, electronics, There will be times during the series when we
mathematics, and logic. shall consider quite daring possibilities for these
Bionics, then, relates to just a small-fraction of automata and the author makes no excuse for
the field of cybernetics, as does say television to their inclusion, for it is of his opinion that some of
the compass of electronics/^ We already have the concepts may well stimulate further research
some examples of bionics-'Iri our on the part of the constructor.
■ *% y. i midst:
i such
devices as Iron lungs, artificial limbs,and kidneys,
are typical. However, bionics is lately con- This is an '"experimental" series of ortlcfes and as
centrating its efforts more upon artificial intel- such will not include detailed constructional infer mo-
ligence and machines which have the ability to tion. The series is, however, a forerunner to a number
adapt themselves to their environment. of constructional .projects it is hoped to publish
later. Perhaps it need hardly be said that the more
The concept that it might be possible to con- venturesome experimenter need not wait for these
struct a machine which demonstrated a degree of detailed designs, hut con proceed straightaway to
Intelligence, was developed from the notion that apply Wn a practical manner the information
animals (including humans) are essentially presented in this new series.
.C.BROWIM
A.M.R.S.H.
768
The design and construction of electronic
^animals** or machines with artificial intelligence
m
In nearly every one of us there is a latent desire td THOUGHT AND LEARNING PROCESSES
create. Not only to create, but to create something Unfortunately, although thought is a very intimate
unique. It is therefore not surprising that since time part of us we remain, ironically enough, unable to
immemorial man has made numerous (relatively specify exactly what it is. However, we can say what it
unsuccessful) attempts to devise machines that might is not, and in no wise does any characteristic of a
imitate himself. computer (save perhaps memory) qualify the right to be
Probably one of the first examples we can find is the called a thought process. Before a computer can
lever; not in fact an actual imitation of man, but a operate at all on the complex mathematics that it must
device that could aid his physical strength. As time handle, a programme often taking months to prepare
continued, so he produced more and more powerful and containing very precise orders, must accompany
"muscle amplifiers" (this is, after all what they are), and any calculation. If this were not enough, the computer
so if we stop to consider say a huge jib crane capable of must have all its instructions written in machine
lifting some tons, the amplification factor involved may language.
well be in the order of several million. No mean feat, It was not until about two decades ago, that man
for a man! even began to "scratch the surface" of what appear to be
the underlying principles of "thought" and learning
AMPLIFICATION OF MENTAL ENERGY processes. Although little is still understood, it is now
The foregoing examples .serve to indicate the possible to synthesise certain characteristics of the
"stepping stones" from which man began his attempts biological brain, albeit crudely, by applying the wealth
to synthesise certain characteristics of himself and other of electronic principles we now have at our elbow. It
animals. It was not long, however, before it occurred is with this in mind, and with the almost limitless
to him that if muscular energy could be amplified, so possibilities that it suggests that we shall discuss, and
indeed the same should apply to mental energy, and so even construct, artefacts which, will have "memory"
we have the abacus or bead board which certain and the ability to "learn".
Asiatic countries are still using with great success.
With the advent of electronics it was at once realised MOBILE BREADBOARD
that more rapid and yet more powerful machines However, prior to considering rather more exotic de-
could be built; and so we see the giant abaci of today: vices, from a practical point of view it is a pre-requishe
we call them computers. When electronic computers that we design and build some type of mobile breadboard
came into existence the popular press of course tended
to over glamourise the machines' capabilities using such
anthropomorphic terminology as "brains", "thought",
etc. What the press lost sight of was that a basic
digital computer however powerful or rapid, is still
none-the-less a rather more sophisticated version of a
mechanical desk calculator.
upon which we can perform modifications and The "muscles" selected to power our model are a pair
"surgery". This then will be our first consideration, of Meccano E15R motor gearbox units, but in fact any
and at this stage an initial glance at Fig. 1.1 will reveal reliable equivalent would do just as well provided that
the main structure and "muscles" of the electronic the overall gear ratio is kept lower than 160 = I. Any
animal. higher ratio would tend to make the "animal" rather
Generally speaking, those of us whose interests lie in intractable, and apart from anything else accurate
electronics rarely claim a similar zeal for the field of observation would become impossible.
mechanics. In bionics this state of affairs can be a real There are, of course, two fundamental methods for
handicap, because there are all too often times when a controlling the motors: relays and power transistors.
particular item just does not exist and one has no As variable (analogue) control of the motors was often
alternative but to fabricate. However, most of the required, relays were rejected at an early stage in favour
mechanical problems can be largely solved by the use of of power transistors. The use of transistors involves
Meccano, which readily lends itself to adaptation and somewhat more complex circuit arrangements, but in
"grafting". In addition, Meccano produce "ready- view of their inexpensiveness and ability to provide
made" drive gearboxes which can either be used in more sophisticated control, extra time taken in building
conjunction with one of their motors, or a motor of the the equipment is adequately rewarded.
constructor's choice.
As will be seen from Fig. 1.1, the breadboard is "MUSCLE" CONTROL CIRCUITS
basically of rigid box construction, cross members The "muscle control" circuits are shown in Fig. 1.2.
being incorporated to reduce possible twist along the At the risk of causing some slight confusion the right
length and increase its strength. The choice of chassis and left hand side motors have been referred to
size was very much an arbitrary one; but in fact, respectively as Port and Starboard—the reason becomes
providing readers maintain the general format it may be obvious upon reflection because the right hand motor
constructed to personal preference. will cause the "animal" to move to port, and vice-versa.
Motor Mol is therefore Port and Mo2 Starboard:
GEARBOX AND WHEELS together they drive the animal in forward or reverse
The original model was shod with plastic tracks, but directions.
as these are frequently difficult to come by we have Alternative steering and drive arrangements of
chosen separately driven wheels for the device given course are possible, but owing to various problems that
here. The motor gearbox units are mounted at the will be apparent as we progress, the present scheme will
rear end of the chassis, and drive power is be retained. In any case there are unlikely to be any
transmitted via final bevel gears to the road wheels. actual biological examples which utilise separate
The forward end of the chassis is supported by a pair of steering and motive systems; indeed, steering is usually
castors; one at each corner. This was found necessary, a function of motivation. In our model steering is
since a single castor introduced excessive chassis twist. achieved as an integral part of the drive functions.
REAR
J*
Drive to
STARBOARD
M02\ U. &
&
X
oi
Drive to
E1S/R PORT
Motor Gearbox MOT
units
30a and 30c
Bevel Gears
Cloyrite'furniture
castors
770
-4-5 »«
TR5
0.
rms
rrt*'-*1- i&m
■ Another problem
_ arises ft@iprihe'fact .hal animals often be of iib Significance - ri3theifv4Se'it would _TV
produce responses from what seerh seerb to be a whole like asinounciflg lunch, two- hbhrs' before ^%as s
repertoire of possible actions; it is therefore sometimes
impossible to be specific about outputs. INHIBITION
At present then, for our purposes at least, we must be So far, so good! But we have only considered the
content to base our reasoning along the lines of well excitation mode of conditioning. What if We continue7
tested and easily reproducible features of behaviour. the application of Sn without the reinforcement of Sa"
Even then, actual design work" must needs be largely That is, ring the bell without feeding the animal.
based on experiment. The effect of course can be virtually predicted; the
CONDITIONED REFLEX bell no longer signifies the coming of food, and so the
conditioned reflex is inhibited. The animal therefore
One aspect of animal behaviour which should show no longer responds to 5"n. This state of affairs is
us some rewards upon synthesis, is the conditioned generally referred to as extinction.
reflex. However, an interesting fact emerges from inhibition
Reflexes, or more correctly reflex responses, are due of this kind, in that it too can be inhibited. One easy
to stimuli exciting certain sensory organs: they may way to bring Rc back is to re-establish the reinforcement
for example be the result of light shone into the eyes, or (5s).
a touch applied to some area upon the skin. These There are more unexpected ways too: assume we
stimuli having excited a receptor cause nerve impulses to take the case of a dog which, say yesterday, had'its
pass along the various neural pathways to the reasoning conditioned response extinguished. If today we
part of the brain, or cortex. Here they may interact re-apply 5n, back comes the conditioned response as
with other types of sensory information either produced strong as before; even more surprising is the fact that
simultaneously or stored at some time in the past. no matter how many times Rc is extinguished it will
Now the reflex that concerns us is a special condition always re-appear. This "recovery" or disinhibition as
occurring as a result of the former variety, the con- it is called, seems to be the result of the inhibition
ditioned reflex—let us call it Rc. To understand what placed upon Rc dissipating with time.
it is and how it may be evoked, we must hearken back to
Pavlov's early experiments.
Pavlov, who performed the conditioning experiments DISTRACTING STIMULI
with hungry dogs, used food as a basic drive—this we Disinhibition can occur in an even more striking way,
shall call the "specific" stimulus S*. The amount of a way which in fact caused Pavlov no end of problems
saliva produced upon application of S9 was then from quite a different point of view. During his
measured. When the animals became hungry again, a experiments there were times when he found it difficult,
further stimulus was included which would not normally often impossible, to condition the animals—and it was
cause salivation; this was a "neutral" stimulus in the not long before he realised the cause.
form of sound, i.e. a bell. This we shall designate 5n. Most of the experiments were conducted in an
Pavlov found that if Sn was applied shortly before Ss, environment where the ambient noise level was relatively
and the combination repeated a few times, Sn would high, resulting in distracting stimuli which either.
eventually produce salivation in the same way that Ss inhibited the conditioning, or caused irrelevant con-
did. Hence the animals had learnt that the sound of the ditioned responses. These strong "external" stimuli
bell meant food. The neutral stimulus had thus whilst inhibiting excitation, will also remove inhibition.
been conditioned to the specific stimulus S3 and so the Hence,' if Rc has been extinguished it can be recalled by
result of applying Sn at future times was to elicit a the simple expedient of introducing a powerful external
conditioned reflex. stimulus.
There are two important factors to remember if we With the conditioned reflex mentioned earlier, we
require the stimulus combination to be successful in considered only two kinds of stimuli. Of course,
producing a" conditioned reflex. Firstly Sn should virtually any stimulus combination could be used, and
occur before Ss not after', the reader will appreciate that as we proceed with the design of our electronic "animal"
there is little point in sounding the dinner gong after the so its need to deal with more and more combinations
meal has been eaten! The second fact is that assuming (some of them quite unusual) will increase.
Sn occurs before Ss, it must be just before, or else it will Next month; "Muscle" control and reflex response.
772
I.C. VOITMETER
%
5.>S
k
V ♦
V,,
Now that the inexpensive high gain silicon transistors Since the magnitude of the offset will depend on the
are readily available, very small collector currents closed loop gain of the complete amplifier circuit, the
in the order of tens of microamps are often encountered parameters of the integrated circuit itself are always
in equipment, and a conventional multirange voltmeter referred back to the input of the integrated circuit. If
may consume sufficient current to make voltage readings the amplifier were perfect each input would draw the
inajxurate. This article describes a d.c. amplifier same current and require the same base to emitter
which may be used to increase the sensitivity of a meter voltage, but in practice this is not so. The difference
by ten or one hundred times, between the input currents is defined as the input offset
current, while the input offset voltage is that voltage
VALUE OF INTEGRATED CIRCUIT which has to be applied between the input terminals to
We could design and build a high gain d,c. amplifier obtain zero output voltage.
using conventional components, but we might have a For a d.c. amplifier it is obviously important to
problem with drift in d.c. levels with temperature. The know what output offset we must expect, and how to
best solution would be to use an integrated circuit trim this out if required, but even for an a.c. amplifier
operational amplifier, where the manufacturer has the undistorted peak to peak swing of the output may be
already done the best he can to minimise offset voltage restricted if the d.c. steady state level of the output is
and drift, and where the very method of construction appreciably unbalanced.
ensures that components are inherently excellently For the Plessey SL701C the parameters we require
matched. are:
Until this point in our series on the use of the Input base current (either side) = 3/iA maximum
operational amplifier, we have only considered a.c. Input offset base current — 1 -S/tA maximum
circuits, and have suggested that the d.c. level at the Input offset voltage = 25mV maximum
output of the amplifier will be almost zero. While this
is true, since we now require a d.c. amplifier, we must These are maximum figures, and typical figures are
investigate in more detail the reasons for this offset. less. By inserting the appropriate figures in the
formulae to be considered next we can obtain typical or
THE OFFSET VOLTAGE maximum values, but we have only used the maximum
The d.c, offset at the output of the amplifier is due to values for our examples. For completeness we first
the following causes. consider the offset of an a.c. amplifier.
(a) Mismatch of the electrical characteristics of the
amplifier; mainly the difference between base to emitter OFFSET VOLTAGE OF AN A.C. AMPLIFIER
voltages and current gains of the two transistors which For the amplifier it does not matter if we use the
comprise the differential input pair, and also the mis- inverting or non-inverting configuration, the d.c.
match between their associated collector resistors. conditions are idential. In the example of Fig. 1
(b) The finite input current flowing through the we have a 100 kilohm resistor from the non-inverting
series resistor in each input lead. input to earth and a 10 kilohm resistor from the inverting
773
»k* V*
Hh NU HI
)I«iY
"-JBIbV
HHvs^
i0»i lOkfl im
Mkl 'iNi:' H
(«) ^ Co ) ,
Fig. I. The offset voltage at the output of a typical Fig. 2. The method of minimising Initial offset by
a.c, amplfier, due solely to unequal source resistors, making the Input source resistances equal, (a) in'
(a) Inverting, (b) non-/nvert/ng configuration verting, (b) non-inverting conf}gurcrt/on
input to the output. The output is assumed to be a low are approximately self cancelling, then the initial offset
impedance point so that the effective source resistance (it depends now on the offset current and offset voltage)
for this input is 10 kilohm. may be calculated. The offset due to current is given
If we assume for the moment that there is no'offset by the input offset current multiplied by the source
voltage and no offset current for the integrated circuit, resistance, for our example of 6Fig. 2, 8this becomes:
we can work out the possible offset voltage. Input 1 Offset due to current = 1-8,10~ .10.10 = 18mV
draws up to 3/tA through 100 kilohms and so can be up We are better off with low values for the source
to 300mV below earth potential. If there is no offset resistors rather than high ones.
voltage between the two inputs (in any case the maxi- From the d.c. point of view any offset voltage at the
mum value of 25mV we might have is small compared input is amplified unity times, so that the possible total
with 300mV) thea input 2 must also be at — 300mV. offset is:
Since input 2 also draws 3/iA, the 10 kilohm resistor
will have 30mV across it and the d.c. level of the out- Total offset = offset .due to current + offset due to
put will have to be at —270mV to maintain these d.c. voltage
conditions. We thus have an output offset voltage of = 18 + 25mV = 43m V
270mV solely due to the different source resistors for the
two input. If we now. take offset voltage and current
into account this could increase or decrease this value We can place these results into a general formula for
depending on the relative polarities. future reference, and need the Fig. 4. The offset
Unless we specifically need the high input impedance voltage has been shown as an addition to the non-
of 100 kilohms for the non-inverting configuration we inverting input while the current offset has been shown
can minimise this offset due to unequal source-resistors as a current which in effect flows out or into the
by making the resistors equal, as in Fig. 2. inverting input and through the feedback resistor. We
In the inverting configuration it might be advisable to have equal source resistors for both inputs, and I a is the
decouple the non-inverting input to earth, both to current offset and Ea the voltage offset. Total
prevent capacitive pickup which might cause positive offset = current offset X.R + voltage offset.
feedback and also to help maintain closed loop h.f.
stability. This is especially important if a high value of £i) = /a -f Ea. A.C. amplifier
source resistance is used, as in Fig. 3.
OFFSET VOLTAGE OF A D.C, AMPLIFIER
INITIAL OFFSET For a d.c. amplifier we have a similar situation, but
If the source resistors are made equal so that the the offset voltage of the integrated circuit is amplified by
effects of input base currents through the input resistors the overall gain of the complete circuit (Fig. 5).
ui
—WH JTT
R-
1MU
hcwptioi cipicltgr
Fig. 3. For the Inverting configura- Fig. 4. The circuit diagram for the Fig. 5. Theoretical circuit diagram
tion, the non-Inverting input may calculation of offset of an a.c. coupled for offset calculations for a d.c.
need to be decoupled to prevent in- amplifier, showing conditions of coupled amplifier, showing conditions
stability minimum offset for minimum offset
774
NOM-VIRTUAL EARTH, VIRTUAL EARTH,POINT.
SO THAT f. IS iOV SO THAT K, IS -9V, AA/
910
+iv
o%W + 10V —-AAv -9V
900X1 —o
♦IV
910.
vW
JW1 .900X1
(<*) Cb/
Fig. 6. Circuit diagrom for a d.c. coupled amplifier, showing practical values (for offset calculations in text), (a)
non-inverting, (b) inverting configurations
In this case to maintain the same source resistance for AMPLIFIERS WITH OFFSET BALANCING
each input, the resistor R has to be made equal to the The best type of circuit chosen to balance offset
resistance of Rs and Rf in parallel. depends on the impedance of the signal source. For
RtRs low impedance sources (say up to 5 kilohm) the circuits
of Fig. 7a or b are suitable.
Rf + Rs In Fig. 7a since we have a control to balance offset,
If we consider the practical d.c. amplifier of Fig. 6, we the low value resistor from the non-inverting input to
can arrive at our d.c. offset. From the point of view of earth may be omitted. R3 is chosen to be much
the feedback both circuits are identical, but from the greater than R1 and the range on the potentiometer is
signal point of view we obtain different gains because of chosen so that the gain from point X (of Rt over R3) to
the slight difference in how the signal is applied. For the output is sufficient to balance out the expected
the non-inverting configuration the input adds to the offset. For Fig. 7b VR1 is chosen to be much greater
voltage developed across the feedback resistor, while than Rl, while the high value resistor to the h.t. line is
for the inverting configuration this does not happen. chosen to give a suitable range.
For Fig. 5 or Fig. 6 the total offset voltage is given by; For a high impedance source acting as a current
generator, it would be better to use the circuit of Fig. 8.
E0 = £d|l + jjrj + /aRs D.C. amplifier To give sufficient range on the potentiometer the values
are chosen so that the potentiometer value is l-S times
In the case of Fig. 6 this becomes: R2 while the series resistor is 0*5 of R2. This gives
(for R2 of 47 kilohms) a potentiometer value of
E0 = 25{I + 9) + 1-8.10~s.9.103 70 kilohms and a series resistor of 22 kilohms, so that
= 250 + 16-2mV = 266-2mV using 100 kilohms with a series resistor of 22 kilohms
should give more than enough range.
For a.c. amplifiers where the d.c. offset might Now that we have dealt, in general, with d.c.
reduce the available swing or for d.c. amplifiers where amplifiers and balancing, we can go on to consider our
we require 0V out for 0V input, we will wish to balance current amplifier.
out any offset.
+ I2V
.Wtfl
ioo in
vw
> 5600 R1 Ikfl
R3 97*Q °—vVv
VII
>560X1 HNT X
IMXi
(*) -12V (*>)
-12V
Fig. 7. Two met/iods of balancing out offset for low impedance sources
775
«2 47kfl lOOkQ lOkll
-vW
10(A sAA* vW Wi(A
HQ
^vVv too
lOM to* A
90)iA
R1 lOkfl
ZZkft GAIN
-rkD
VHt BALANCE OOyA BALANCE GA N
lOOkQ
Fig. 8. Balancing method for a high . Fig. 9. One possible arrangement Fig 10. An alternative and less
source impedance for a ten times current amplifier for critical arrangement for a current
a meter amplifier
THE CURRENT AMPLIFIER box should have already been drilled to accommodate
We would use a circuit like Fig, 8 to give us the gain the sockets, feed-through terminals and the potentio-
we require, and a suitable circuit for a lOO/iA meter meter VRl. All essential details can be obtained
and times ten gain is given in Fig, 9. from the diagram Fig, 12 and the accompanying
An alternative approach is Fig. 10, and this was photograph. •
adopted because it has the advantage that the meter Individual constructors may wish to.use a larger
resistance does not enter into the calculations for current box so that the meter can be built-in with the electronics.
gam, and once the circuit is set up we could replace the The battery could also be accommodated within such a
IOQhA meter by another meter of known sensitivity and larger box, thus achieving a single, self-contained piece
stm expect its sensitivity to be multiplied by ten times. ■ of test gear.
The complete finalised amplifier circuit is shown in
Fig. U. R7 is included in series with the meter to limit SETTING UP
the maximum current, while R8 is shunted across the For this circuit using a I00M meter and a times 10
meter to complete the d.c. path for the amplifier if the gain (to give 100 kilohms volt sensitivity) the input
meter is removed. R8 need not be added for a per- offset for the amplifier will be up to I -SfiA. When this
manently wired in unit. Cl rolls off the amplifier is multiplied by our gain of 10 times it becomes ± 18/iA
response at a low frequency and prevents any possible as a maximum value, which is still small in comparison
difficulties due to h.f. instability. with our f.s.d. of 100/fA.
In our instrument we used a balance control of
CONSTRUCTION 10 kilohm and suitable series resistor to give a control
The form of construction given in this article follows range of ±6fiA. While this was adequate, it is quite
me pattern set by the previous projects in this series, small, and it would be preferable to use a 25 kilohm
I he integrated circuit IC1 and most of the discrete potentiometer to give more range. The series resistor
components are mounted on a piece of perforated
s.r.b.p. This board is secured to the die-cast box, R4 can then be chosen so that the potentiometer gives a
using extra nuts or spacers to provide clearance between control centred about zero.
the metal and live points on the circuit board. The Since the I0V range is probably the most useful one,
the instrument was set up by applying a known voltage
SENSITIVE D.C. VOLTMETER CIRCUIT
RStOkQ + IZV
WV ,N 10 HQ vVv
ICI RB 47k Q
twv I S1701B.C
SK24
+ iy R3 lOOkQ j
SK5<» vW 1
6 B t CJ
tOOOpF
VRl 25kfl R9
BALANCE 820
61.0
iff VR2 sooa
4-7kQ GAIN .
SK4
I
lOOOpF -t2V
I
1
'• complete circuit for ten times current amplifier for a 100mA meter with
appropriate resistors to give IV, 10V, and I00Y f.j.rf. y ' ' meter w th
'
776
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779
(c) ImA Meter Increased to 10/iA f.s.d.
COMPONENTS . . . Again the series resistor should be decreased to
I kilohm, the input resistors need to be chosen at
100 kilohms/volt. To obtain this current gain of
Resistors 100 times VR2 has to be reduced to 100 ohms and R9
Rl lOMfi 5% H.S. reduced to about 47 ohms. The maximum offset is
R2 IMfJ 5% H.S. ISO/^A which is t. f.s.d, and the existing balance control
R3 lOOkQ 5% H.S. values should still be suitable.
R4 47ka (0% carbon
R5 lOkn 5% H.S. (d) 100//A Meter Increased to (//A f.s.d.
R6 5-6i<a 10% carbon The meter series resistor should be left at 10 kilohm,
R7 lOkQ 10% carbon
R8 47k n 10% H.S, while the input resistors have to be chosen at 1 megohm
R9 820O 10% H.S. /volt. VR2 has to be reduced to 100 ohms with R9
at 47 ohms. The maximum offset is now 180//A, which
Potentiometers is well over f.s.d., and there will be some difficulty in zero
VR1 25kf3 carbon setting. One solution would be to retain the 25 kilohm
VR2 500n preset (Radiospares) potentiometer and series resistor but add an extra
1 kilohm potentiometer in series as well, the former
Capacitors becomes the coarse zero with the latter the fine zero.
Cl 5pF elect, 12V A more elegant solution would be to use a helical
C2 I.OOOpF ceramic
C3 I.OOOpF ceramic potentiometer of 10 kilohms with a suitable series
resistor chosen to give a balance about zero.
Miscellaneous Once set, the balance is reasonably stable with
ICI Linear integrated circuit (d.c, coupled amplifier temperature, and would only need to be adjusted every
—SL701C). (Available direct from the (say) ten minutes, the difficulty is that a single turn
makers: The Plessey Co. Ltd., Components potentiometer does not have sufficient resolution, rather
Group, Cheney Manor, Swindon, Wiltshire. than that the circuit drifts with temperature!
Price: 18s)
Ml Moving coil meter, 100/xA f.s.d. Next month: A fixed frequency sine wave test
SKI-6 4mm sockets, and matching plugs (Radio- oscillator, based on the same type IC-
spares) 6 off
Die-cast box 4|-in x 3fin X I in (Electroniques
46R.043A, but see text) LASTS THE WHOLE YEAR THROUGH!
Perforated s.r.b.p. 3in x 2|tn
Three insulated feed-through terminals
Control knob
6B.A. screws and nuts * •"
■ HH HH HH ^IU
igROiiii DD^iul' m
m W W W Tu.S<STT<inoza
on this range and adjusting VR2 until the meter read
correctly. On the 10V or 100V ranges the instrument
can be zeroed with the input open or short circuited Practical Gift
since the input resistance (1 megohm or 10 megohm) is
high enough in comparison with the 10 kilohm feedback for a practical man!
resistance to not affect balance conditions. On the IV
range this is not quite so, and there is a shift of 2 per cent
of f.s.d. between open and short circuit conditions. For A full-year series of PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS
the most accurate results this range should be zeroed issues delivered by post each month would be an ideal
with the leads short circuited. Christmas present. Why not give a subscription to a
Once the zero is set, drift is negligible, and only very friend? He would certainly find the magazine just as
occasional adjustment is required. interesting as you do and each issue would remind him
of your good wishes.
SOME POSSIBLE MODIFICATIONS
(a) Range Extensions But don't think too long—Christmas is very close.
Although the amplifier is intended as an addition to Act now and send you friend's name and address,
increase the sensitivity of a single or multirange meter, it together with your own and a remittance to cover
could be constructed as a complete d.c. voltmeter (see each subscription to: Subscription Manager, Practical
also .under "Construction"), and a meter scaled 0-1 and Electronics (Z), Tower House, Southampton Street,
0-3 could be employed with advantage to give ranges of London, W.C.2. We wilt despatch first copies to
1, 3, 10, 30, 100V f.s.d. (making the 300 kilohm resistor arrive in time for Christmas, and send an attractive
up out of 120 kilohm and 180 kilohm in series, and Christmas greetings card in your name to announce
making the 3 megohm resistor up out of I-2 megohm each gift.
and 1-8 megohm in series). RATES (including postage) for one year (12 issues),
United Kingdom and Overseas, £2 2s Od,
(b) ImA Meter Increased to IO0//A f.s.d. To avoid disappointment, make sure of your own copy
The meter series resistor should be decreased to by placing a regular order NOW with your newsagent.
I kilohm and the input resistors chosen at 10 kilohms/
volt.
780
f
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A Hi Fi Microphone that can be used with 100ft of cable without electrostatic or magnetic interference
Crystal microphones are generally viewed with stopper. This was found to be necessary when using
scorn in the hi-fi fraternity, an image well deserved the prototype next door to a radio taxi base station,
by the majority. For while some of the more carefully when broadcasts persisted in breaking through despite
designed examples are capable of natural, wide range the excellent linearity of the f.e.t. and the screening
reproduction and, price for price, can be superior to properties of the tube.
dynamic types, there remains one serious disadvantage: With this potential source of trouble overcome, the
the capacitative nature of the crystal element limits the microphone is immune to all forms of interference—
length of the output lead to a maximum of about !0ft. both electrostatic and magnetic. To prove the point,
More than this will progressively attenuate the signal. the prototype has been tested alongside a high-power
Also, a very high input impedance is required of the radio transmitter, sitting on top of a transformer
associated amplifier to achieve full bass response, and carrying 500W, and feeding a tape recorder through
because of this the circuit becomes sensitive to electro- 100ft of unscreened flex.
static hum pick-up and cable-handling noises. To add
to our difficulties, the better the acoustic quality of the BATTERY SUPPLY
microphone, the lower will be its output! Current drain is less than O-SmA and the circuit will
operate consistently to a supply end-point of 15V, thus
F.E.T. PRE-AMPLtFIER obtaining good service life from the 22iV battery.
This article describes the construction of a low-noise Resistor R5 provides a charging path for C2.
f.e.t. pre-amplifier designed to do justice to the wide
response of a specified crystal microphone insert, and
physically small enough to be mounted as an integral 4 , tc b
unit with the insert and battery in a convenient metal o? (oooy .83
tube. UndtrsMt Undtr»tdt 27
of2K3«» of 2N3707 >kQ.
Used in this way, it completely overcomes hum pick-
up and permits the use of a long output cable, but it can
alternatively be housed in a larger case and equipped d TR2—* Z2%V
with an input socket for use as a general purpose audio 81
booster having a voltage gain of at least 25 (28dB), -w
suitable for feeding valve or transistor equipment. It 2H3St9© 2N3Y07 PUT
will handle inputs of up to 50mV and the frequency
response is flat from 10Hz to 100kHz. XI , ,
crystal
C1 «
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 40 47 lOoGcrt
The circuit" (Fig. 1) consists of a common-source Hii up m
f.e.t. stage, TR1, having an input impedance of around I
5 megohms (recommended value for the insert used),
direct coupled to an emitter follower, TR2. This has a
voltage "gain" of slightly less than unity but, because of
100 per cent negative feedback, reduces the signal Fig. I. Circuit diagram of the transistor-amplified micro-
impedance to less than 2 kilohms. phone. The source, gate and drain of the f.e.t. (TRI)
The input series resistor Rl, in conjunction with the correspond functionally to the emitter, base and collector,
gate-to-source capacitance of the f.e.t,, forms an r.f. respect/rely, of conventional bipolar transistors
781
COMPONENTS... o
BY+
X1 O Q
/(INPUT)
Resistors TR1
Rl 3-3kn M 22 k fi
R2 5-6Mn *R5 47kn
*R3 27ka • R6 lOOkfi o
All 10%, carbon. *R3 and R5 should be low
noise types OUTPUT
Q
Capacitors
Cl 40^F 6V elect.
C2 tyxF 12V elect. COMMON (EARTH TAG)
Transistors
2N38I9 n-channel Field effect"]
transistor J^Texas Instruments. O o
2N3707 npn silicon
o
Insert
XI Acos 39/1 crystal (Henry's Radio)
Miscellaneous tSjtJM
Tube: brass, copper or brass-clad steel, fin bore x o o o o o
approx. long. Steel strip, approx. Bin
long x fin wide. Cartridge-type connector. o o
Polyshrink tube No. 50 if required (black or
white, sold in multiples of I ft), Home Radio.
Piece of Veroboard, Ifin x fin- 4B.A. solder tag.
Thin p.v.c. flex.
Fig. 2. Component layout and underside of the board
with connection details to other components.
From the stability point of view, no capacitor is To ensure the finished assembly will go into the tube,
required across BY1. But as a safeguard against the -all component leads must be cut to the absolute
occasional battery that causes frying noises as it nears minimum and solder blobs, rough ends, etc. should be
the end of its life, a 10/rF 25V electrolytic could be con- filed away from the underside of the board.
nected between holes A7 and E8 on the circuit board It is important that the amplifier board be insulated
(see Fig. 2), with the positive end taken to A7. This from the S-shaped sub-frame, this prevents the copper
measure was found to be necessary with only one of the strip on the underside of the board from being shorted
large number of batteries that died prematurely while out. This is best accomplished by cutting out a piece
voltage and current adjustments were being made to the of cardboard, or any plastics material, the same size as
prototype, and was therefore omitted. the wiring board and glueing it between the underside
of the wiring board and sub-assembly chassis.
AMPLIFIER CONSTRUCTION If the amplifier is to be tested before making up the
The amplifier occupies exactly half the length of the rest of the microphone^ use an earthed tobacco tin or
Veroboard presented with last month's issue of something similar to screen the input. •
Practical Electronics—so there's sufficient material
for a (spaced) stereo pair of microphones if desired!
Cut off a portion measuring five strips wide by eight
holes long. After making the appropriate breaks in the
copper (refer to Fig. 2), the components can be soldered
in, starting with Rl and ending with the transistors.
Fig. 3. Construction of the transistor microphone^ with battery and metal cover removed
783
USING THE MICROPHONE
Before setting up the completed unit for trial one
most important point must be noted. The amplifier
will not function until the contact adhesive used to
attach it to the sub-frame is completely dry. The
prototype produced a terrifying rumbling noise caused
by leakage through the damp glue from the supply line
to the high impedance input, and had to be left over-
night for the noise to subside.
The specified insert is "pressure operated" and there-
fore non-directional over most of the frequency range.
At higher frequencies however, it has a greater
sensitivity to sounds arriving directly on axis, which can
be useful in balancing the "presence" of individual
voices or instruments.
Average male speech at a distance of 12in from the
microphone produces a peak level of about 70mV at the
amplifier output, and at 3ft an upright piano (played j
fort6) produces 400mV, so that normally the micro-
phone will be used, in the line, or radio, socket of a
recorder or amplifier.
Fig. 4 shows a simple attenuator to prevent over-
loading the first stage of tape recorders having only a mi
microphone socket. Without the attenuator, the
output is sufficient to feed a simple passive mixer.
Although the output impedance of the microphone is
effectively 2 kilohms so far as immunity to electro-
static hum pick-up on the line is concerned, it should UHMLIIVIITED!
not be operated Into a load of much less than 5 kilohms. A selection of readers' suggested circuits. It should be emphasised that
Doing so will cause distortion on peaks and bass loss these designs have not been proven by us. They will at any rate stimulate
further thought.
through C2. This is YOUR page and any idea published will be awarded payment accord-
ing to its merit. "■
PHASE SPEAKER
W
MICROPHONE
After reading the article in Practical Electronics
RECORDER on Musical Phase, September issue, I thought my
method of making phased recordings may be of
interest.
The signal to be phased is amplified in the normal
way, but the output is fed into an extension speaker
with the microphone of a tape recorder mounted as
Fig. 4. An attenuator to prevent overloading of recorders shown in the diagram below.
that have only" a low-level microphone socket. With With the selected
Rb = 27fcQ, Ra should be around 22ft n for valve recorders programme play- WALL
and 220ftQ for transistor models. Components should be ing and the tape 16 Rtcordcr
at the recorder end of the microphone output cable, and recorder on record Microphone
can probably be mounted Inside the plug the speaker and
microphone are
moved towards
PERFORMANCE DETAILS and away from a
Judged subjectively the microphone has a most sound reflecting
satisfactory performance, with a noise level far lower surface.
than could be achieved with the same insert feeding a When the From
typical valve pre-amplifier. The maker's literature for speakerandmicro- Amplifier
the 39/1 insert quotes a frequency response flat from phone are one foot
40Hz to 15,000Hz, with a broad peak of 5dB at about away from a wall Extension Loudspeaker
S-SkHz. Played through wide-range equipment, the the microphone
peak is noticeable as a slightly metallic quality on picks up sound
orchestral instruments, but this is the only clue to the from the speaker
"economy" nature of the device. only. But when the two axe moved closer to the wall,
The battery should last at least six months, used for an sound reflected off the wall, which is out of phase, is
hour every day or for eight hours each weekend. also picked up.
Expressed another way, 3s worth of energy will allow The only problem with this system is that the record-
recording of 120 7in reels of Lp. tape at 7im/sec. ing level on the tape recorder has to be decreased as the
The complete transistor microphone with battery and gap between the wall and speaker/microphone
flex costs less than £2 10s. diminishes.
• G. Stratton,
Dawlish, Devon.
784
DE LUXE PIAYERS BARGAIN STEREO PARCEL BAKER MAJOR C8
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QAEEABD PEBSPEX COVER SPC.l for WB.l EACH 260V RECTIFIEES. Selenium j ware 100mA 61-; BY10010/-, LOUDSPEAKERS P.M. 3 OHMS. Sfln, Sin. 4ln. Bin, 7 x 4ln,
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PICK-UP ARM Complete with AOOS LP-73 Tnmover Full ware Bridge 75mA 10/-; 160mA 19/8; TV MOta. 10/-. 4 ware 60mA 7/8; 86inA 9/9. 15/6 each: 8tn 22/8; 6)In IS/6; lOln SO/-: 181n. Double eone
QP67 and Siylil 25/-; OP67 IB/-; Stereo 35/-, 8 or 16 Ohm 36/-;
E.M.I, twnble Cone 184 10 x ein, 30/-i3 or8 xISSin.
x Sin, ohm21/-.models, 45/-.
RESISTORS. Prelerred yalnes, 10 ohme to 10 meg.
CRYSTAL MIKE INSERTS i w.. 4w^l w., 20% 3d.; 14 w. Si; 2 w. U-; * w. 10% 6d. SPECIAL totr/C
OFFER! 8 Ohm, 24ltti 80 ohm, 2iln, 2fin;
EACH 26 obm, 8x4io; 85din.obm. Sin;
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11 x Jin. 0/6: AC08 li x |lo. 8/8. BM3, r dia. 6/6 Ditto S%. Prelerred yalnei 10 ohms to 22 meg,, 9d. 4 w. 1% 10 ohma to 10 meg., 2/-. IO/O jiypg 15 ohm, 10 x 21 in., 7X
MOVING COIL MIKE with Remote Control Switch 12/6 6 watt 1 0.6 to 8.2 obm 3 w, r 2/- SPEAKER FRET Tyganbom varioas colours, 5£in. wide, from
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watt J> WIRE-WOUND EESISTOES <L 2/- 10/- It.; 26In. wide SI- It. SAMPLES S.A.8.
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TRANSISTOR 10K, 16K. 20K, 25K, 68K, IflW. 8/- ALL PURPOSE HEADPHONES
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Many uses. Intercoms,
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ii QRRrtA 084 CHARGER TRAHNPOEMEES. 6/-. Input
lot 8 or I2t.. 14 amps., 17/B; 2 ampe..gl/-; 4 amps..30/- LOW DK LUXERESISTANCE
PADDEDHEADPHONES
STEREO PHONES 8-6Sensitive..
8ohms....
Ohms .. 79/6
35/-
38/-
Practice, Telephone or © WIEE-WOUND S-WATT WIRE-WOUND 4-WATT
Record Player
ONE WATT OUTPUT Amplifier. POTS. T.V. Typo. Valaee LONG SPINDLE 7 If. STANDARD SIZE POTS.
Wooden cabinet 12 x two
9x 10 ohms80toK80to K,,
Carbon 2 meg. nA /If, w
69 OHMS to 100 K..' /0 NINETTE
din. Bexine corered
tone grey. Fonx tranrls- VALVE HOLDERS, MOULDED 6d.; CERAMIC 1/- EACH. AMPLIFIER
tors, 7 x din. speaker.
Volume
socket. Uses control. Jack WSce79/6 Post 5/6.
PP9 battery. NEW MULLARD TRANSISTORS 6/- each For ALL Record Ftaynn. vsr
worth dowJo OC71, OC72. OC81. OC44. OC45, OC171. 0C170. APU7. A-o. Mains Translorraer.
COLLARO BATTERY RECORD DECKS TT46. Push Pull Drive, 9i OT. 6/-. TMS Output, CT8:l 9/-. Chassis
REPASCO TRANSISTOR TRANSFORMERS. riseguarantee.
7 x 84 x Quality
din high.outputValves ECL82, EZ80.
4 speed model Sr. operated. Complete with pick-up fitted TT49. Interstage, 20:1,6;-; TT82 Output 8 ohms, 4-50. B/-. Bargain oBer complete with engraved8 ohm 13 month matching.
control panel,
oryttal cartridge. Plays 7, 10, 12in. records. Fitted auto, vsItgs. knobs, roloma and tone controls,Postwired
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lor rue withjfaabove POSTtrsnelator FULLY
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with car aerial ooll ... 12/6 Dtiyer Trans. LPDT4 .. 9/8 250-0-260 80 mA. 8.8 t. 8.6 a. 8.3 T. 1 a, or 6 ». 2 a. 80/-
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trims, joins lor editing and repairs. With S blades.
3rd
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I.F. PS0/3CC ertandaBooklet
to 23in. S/-. 2/- MIDGET 220 y, 45 mA^ 6B ». 2 a. 17/0 BARGAIN
musical
4 DHAHSEL TRANSISTOR MIXER. Add
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and sound effects to recordings. Will
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a. 80/-
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conductors Oatibratod toningPM-LW-MW
dial, 9 v. TUNER; operation.10PM89-semi
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by to receive Foreign T.V. programmes on your set 6/*
'SONOCOLOR' CINE RECORDING TAPE
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RenterSpools
Tspe 2/6.
HeadsTape Splicermodels
lor Collaro 6/-. Leader
2 trackTape21/- 4/6,
pair. CHASSIS POCKET MOVtSQ COIL MULTIMETER. Art /£,
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785
S-DeC
BREADBOARDING
0 # Fast, reliable, solderless circuit
assembly
# Contacts last indefinitely
m # Use ordinary components again
and again
0 Test a// the circuits in the
magazines
/ This breadboard is used professionally by development engineers (hrougbout
the world. Over 80% of current production is exported.
A booklet of projects is included with each kit giving consttuctton details
for a variety of circuits such as amplifiers, osdllatots, VHF transmitter,
radio, etc.
S-DeC
solderlessKit: One S-DeC,with
connections Control
to controls, etc.. with Panel,
bookletJig and Accessoriesgiving
"S-DeCPtojecrs" for
Through this ICS construction details for a variety of dtcults. 8S/«d retail.
<-DeC Kit:S-DeC
the booklet" FootProjects
S-DeCs '■with two Control
all contained In aPanels,
strong,Jigs and Accessories
atttactlve, and
plastic case.
3-way Training Method: Idea) for the professional user, es.it.s retail
MASTER THE THEORETICAL SIDE AVAILABLE FROM LEADING SUPPLIERS
From basic principles to advanced applications, or In case of difficulty from
you'll learn the theory of electronic engineering,
quickly and easily through ICS. That's because S.D.C. PRODUCTS (Electronics) LTD
H each course is set out in easy-to-understand terms.
THE CORN EXCHANGE, CHELMSFORD, Essex
MASTER THE PRACTICAL SIDE Telephone; Chefmsford (OCH 5) 56215
ICS show you how to develop your practical
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success. All training manuals are packed with
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To many this aspect is a bitter problem. Even •■ „
more so because noelectronicengineeriscomplete
without a sound working knowledge of maths. CALCULATOR
But new ICS teaching makes mathematics easier
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Wide range of courses available include:
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EXPERT COACHING FOR: this invaluable spiral slide rule
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thing simply explained and easy to handle. All components and tools
supplied. For details post coupon below. SILICON RADIATION DETECTOR
Member of the Association of British Correspondence Colleges The NUTRONICS semiconductor radiation
detector ND7 is s compact, low cost, versatile
radiation detector with a window area of
FOR FREE HANDBOOK POST THIS COUPON TODAY 7mm2 and Alpha energy resolution of 50-100
I.C.5., Dept. 151, INTERTEXT HOUSE. Kev. FWHM, which has been expressly
PARKGATE ROAD, LONDON. S.W.11 designed for use in educational establishments a
and by amateur experimenters.
NAME The NUTRONICS semiconductor radiation *
detector ND7 detects Alphas. Beta, Gamma ^
ADDRESS Radiation, Fission Fragments, X-rays and
Protons.
Send for technical data sheet. L-
OCCUPATION- _. AGE S/6fi SOLID STATE NUTRONICS LTD. Tel.
INTFRNATIOHAl CORRESPOKOFNCE SCHOOLS 5A Voltaire Road, London, S.W.4 01-874 8608
786
hang by the handle, body inverted
NEW HI Fl CENTRE with the globe downwards, or
A high quality mains powered horizontal with the base fiat against a
integrated transistor stereo amplifier mRRKET wall. Designed to withstand rough
and pre-amplifier has just been treatment, this robust lamp can be
introduced by Audio Components and dropped or even thrown across the
Services, Sound Studios, Bell Hill, floor without apparent damage.
off Crown Hill, Croydon, Surrey. Takes one or two AD28 or similar
A printed circuit board complete PIHIE batteries, giving up to 50 hours
with heatsinks and control mounting illumination.
together with a circuit diagram is Items mentioned in this feature are usually The Tildawn Lantern retails at
available at 50s. Components as available from electronic equipment and com- 32s 6d plus batteries and is available
required, or the whole pfoject in kit ponent retailers adyertisint in this ma(az!ne. from electrical stores. In case of
form, are available at £12. However, where a full address is tlven, difficulty contact the sole distributors,
There are six transistors in each enquiries and orders should then be made direct Harris Marketing, 16 Hillcroome
channel and an output of 6^ volts to the firm concerned. Road, Sutton.
into 8 or 15 ohm loads is achieved
from 250mV input. Input impedance
is 800 kilohm and will accept up to MINIATURE COMPONENT
4. volts without overloading. All A series of miniature terminals, no
measurements are r.m.s. thicker than a pencil, with a current
A selector switch provides for rating of 10 amperes and a break-
gram., radio and tape positions and- down voltage greater than 4kV d.c,,
there is a tape take-off socket. The is announced by Belling and Lee Ltd.,
tone control circuits are similar to Great Cambridge Road, Enfield,
that shown in the P.E. data, booklet Middlesex.
Transistor Circuits (see April issue). Known as type LI 726, these new
It is claimed that the amplifier can terminals are only a quarter the size
be constructed in six hours using a of standard terminals but have all the
d.c. voltmeter and the usual con- same features. These include a captive
structional tools. bead available with a choice of six
Readers in the Croydon area may standard colours, a socket in the top
also be interested to learn that Audio for plugging in connections to extra
Components and Services intend to equipment, and a cross-hole in the
develop the second floor as a large Be///ng Lee minioture terminal clamping gap which will accept wires
service department specialising in, up to 15 s.w.g.
audio service and applications. Also, The moulded panel bush is keyed
if there is sufficient interest, space and mw-'1- to prevent rotation. The stem ter-
facilities could be made available for minates in an integral solder pin for
enthusiasts for increasing the scope of rear panel wiring.
their hobby.
NON-WALK FEET! LITERATURE
The term self-adhesive, high A new Catalogue No. 137 describes
friction, and odourless is given by the complete range of products
West Hyde Developments Ltd., 30 manufactured by Arcoelectric
High Street, Northwood, Middlesex, Switches Ltd.
to their range of small feet for instru- Divided into seven sections, cover-
ment cases. They are made in a non- ing transformer signal lamps,
plasticised, resilient, high hysteresis switches, neon indicators, and signal
material, having a high friction co- Instrument cose feet by West Hyde lampholders, etc., the catalogue lists
efficient—their description, not ours. Developments numerous new styles and the section
Suitable for instrument cases, on car switches and indicators has
domestic equipment, radios, drawer been expanded.
bumpers, etc., these feet are self- Hurricane lontern marketed by Copies of the new 76 page catalogue
adhesive or screw fixing or both and Harris Marketing can be obtained from Arcoelectric
will not mark or discolour the surface Switches Ltd., Central Avenue, West
they are placed on. The feet measure Molesey, Surrey.
fin diameter by |in high, with a
recessed countersunk hole for a 6BA
screw in the centre.
It is claimed that if the feet are NOTICES
fixed to a case which is temporarily LST Components inform us that
placed on a sloping surface it will not due to an enormous response to their
slip or walk. advertisement all stocks of Texas re-
ject transistors were exhausted with
EMERGENCY LIGHT the publication of the September issue.
A portable lamp with bright all- Unfortunately, due to an error the
round illumination has a multitude advertisement in the October issue
of uses around the home, is indis- was not corrected and the same item
pensable when camping and is a was repeated.
useful accessory for the "shack" in The manufacturers of Timac auto-
case of power failure. matic -timer switches, Kangol Ltd.,
The Tildawn hurricane lantern, have .appointed Electroniqucs, Edin-
powered by standard dry batteries, burgh Way, Harlow, Essex, as
provides just such a light from a Sin distributors of their timing controls.
high virtually unbreakable poly- Both the 3-pin plug-in types and the
propylene dome. Very stable when permanent wired-in versions are now
standing on its wide base, it will also stocked for immediate dispatch from
Electroniqucs.
787
r ^ .1-
w
X' Lv
think of it as radio waves which pass through physical
obstructions, whereas visible light requires line of site
communication.
This property is extremely useful, as we shall see
later, in that an infra-red beam can be directed to a
given point without being seen. High power lamps
can be used here with a black opaque screen to cut off"
visible light rays. Clear glass will pass all visible light
but will only pass near infra-red rays up to about 2*5
microns.
'•rsr<- If transmission in the intermediate and far infra-red
.'si •v^ regions is required certain semiconductor materials
v. can be used. Up to recent times germanium and
k« ; '.,5vi silicon have been used, but now gallium arsenide is
proving very valuable.
rXV tr. It is possible to detect infra-red by absorption and
conversion of heat. However, this can be a cumber-
A pellet observer using a hand-portable passive sight some process, as was shown by early experiments where
Infra-red viewer a blackened thermometer was used.
1 COMMUNICATIONS
By M. A.COLWELL
Infra-red radiation occurs in similar form as visible More lately, thermocouple detectors or photocon-
radiation, but occurs in that part of the electro- ductive cells were made to respond over a -wide fre-
magnetic frequency spectrum below visible light (see quency range, then perhaps filtered as required. This
Fig. 1). Therefore it has the properties of wavelength method is disadvantageous because the response to
and frequency just as visible light has, but because its temperature changes in the transmitting object were too
wavelength is longer, it is not visible to the naked eye. slow.
However, light from tungsten filament lamps contains Current developments illustrated in this article show
a very high proportion of infra-red (about 90 per cent) examples of detection of pure infra-red radiation from
and is useful for experimental and industrial work natural sources ("passive") and reflected radiation
whereby, with the use of filters, the visible light can be dependent on an infra-red beam being bounced off an
made invisible (Fig. 2). object ("active").
When the wavelength of any kind of electromagnetic
radiation becomes very short, i.e. for frequencies above CARRIER WAVE
about 3,000 megahertz, it is more convenient'to refer to There is now a new line of thinking based on the
wavelength in microns, micrometers 3or Angstroms. active system whereby the transmitted infra-red can be
The infra-red region lies in the 0-75-6to 10 microns range, used as the carrier wave for pulse code frequency
one micron being equal to one 10 metre, although the
division between infra-red and microwave frequencies
is not clearly defined.
This region is further sub-divided into "near"
(0'7S to 1-5 microns), "intermediate" (1-5 to 10 microns)
and "far" (beyond 10 microns) regions, while above
300 microns it is often referred to as the "submilli- I-R BEAM (LAMP
metre" region.
• I-R FILTER
PROPERTIES OF INFRA-RED
Electromagnetic radiation in the infra-red region is
sometimes able to penetrate objects which would
otherwise stop visible light. Here it is important to
LENS
\
V«IBU \ ,
I-R TUBE
x-euvs UtTRAVIOlET 1 ^ ( INFRASEB SUBMIUIHETRE HIWOWWI UHP VHf
to5 «' to2 B3 to4 MACNIFIER
1 KT1 1 -1to
0
to1 1 to2 Wi 3 Fig. 2. An active Infra-red system consisting of on Infra-
red source, which Is a normal lamp with a filter to remove
the visible part of the spectrum, and an optical viewing
Fig. I. Electromagnetic spectrum system incorporating an Image converter tube
788
modulated audio signals. Propagation is by wave-
guide or line of sight, the waveguide being in the form of
2 micron diameter glass fibre.
This technique (known as "fibre optics") is becoming
a commercially viable proposition, although certain
difficulties still remain tcfbe ironed out. Much work *9
has been carried at the Ministry of Technology Signals
Research and Development Establishment near
Christchurch in close collaboration with industry to
develop a system of communication in which telephone
land lines transmitting at pure audio can be replaced by -JJ
glass fibre.
GLASS FIBRE OPTICS
The engineering aspect of producing suitable glass
fibre is critical, chiefly in the elimination of impurities,
particularly traces of iron, which gives ordinary glass the
typical green appearance on its cut surface. Glass The scene through a passive sight looking at an Intruder
required for fibre optic communication must be under overcast, starlight conditions
"white" to avoid filtering and unnecessary attenuation,
and must be of the correct dimensions.
In this, the single-mode or waveguide fibre, there are and is inherently flexible. If suitably protected from
only a few possible modes of transmission and maxi- crushing and given a protective plastics coating, it can
mum bandwidth is obtained, typically 10,000MHz over be inserted into cable ducts with the ease of conventional
1km. This type of fibre is most suitable where very copper wire. So here we now have a 200-core cable
wide band, single channel systems are required, such as with an overall diameter about the same as the con-
data or telephone trunk links. ventional plastics covered single-core bell wire. Con-
If several fibres are contained in one "cable" no sequently more channels can be fed through under-
insulation is necessary between each provided the ground ducts than with the present copper cable.
physical conditions of each fibre have been satisfied.
This is because the refractive index of the glass ensures LASER TRANSMISSION
that the infra-red or light beam is kept within the bounds Having looked at the link between two stations,
of each fibre. Consequently, common experiences what about the stations themselves; how does one get
such as stray capacitance and l.f. radiation and cross- the signal into the fibre at one end and out at the other?
talk are virtually non-existent in fibre optic communica- The answer quite briefly is the laser and a" silicon
tion. On the other hand, attenuation is at present still photodiode. The laser must emit a beam which can be
a problem which can be overcome by using line injected into such a small diameter, must have high
repeaters. speed and efficiency and operate in the near infra-red
To minimise attenuation the beam must not be region. Gallium arsenide electroluminescent sources
allowed to touch the walls. Early experiments are used in the laser which transmits at room tempera-
involved the insertion of expensive servo-operated ture, a pulse code modulated signal. The laser beam is
lenses at intervals along the length of fibre. More injected accurately near the source into the fibre end,
recently, it has been found that if the core is sheathed which is sheathed in polished Perspex for laboratory
with a suitable glass cladding of lower refractive index convenience, and to reduce scattering on entry. The
the light will be adequately contained within the core. received signal is picked up by a silicon photodiode,
Strange as it may seem, the glass fibre although only decoded and amplified in the usual way.
about as thick as human hair, has a high tensile strength By using glass fibre the laser beam is not dependent on
straight line-of-sight transmission paths; indeed, there
is no reason why the fibre should not be Jayed hap-
hazardly or even in coil form, provided that bends and
An Infra-red optical two-way telephone using YIG (yttrium kinks are not unnecessarily severe.
iron garnet) modulator. Frequencies up to 100kHz and a
range up to 2km Is obtainable (M.E.L. LTD.) TUNING THE LIGHT BEAM
Optical communications systems rely on the usual
signal generation as applied to any other form of radio
communication. Harmonic generation, frequency
mixing and frequency tuning take place at optical
frequencies. Tuning is an interesting subject on its
own and when applied to laser technology the results
can be in the form of pure colour generation.
Experiments at S.R.D.E. have demonstrated the
ability to "fire" a pre-tuned colour beam for a fraction
1 of a second on a white screen! Development here is
still at the purely experimental stage, but apart front
being used in signal transmission, there is the possibility
I of applying the technique to coloured light displays.
A narrow band source of radiation can be tuned over
most of the visible and near infra-red regions of the
lit spectrum. The tunable source results from the
selective addition of a laser frequency to a frequency
789
T v \
from a continuum of frequencies generated by the laser modulated signal is transmitted by a gallium arsenide
in a liquid placed immediately in front of a non-linear lamp through the right-hand lens of the binoculars to
electro-optical crystal. the left-hand lens of the receiving'binoculars. Inside
this the optical picture is passed through to the eye
NEODYMIUM-GLASS LASER piece in the normal way; while the speech signal is
A high power Q-switched neodymium/glass laser picked up by a silicon photodiode after being deflected
(Fig, 3) is used to generate an intense continuum of by a specially coated prism.
frequencies in a 20cm cell of carbon disulphide. As
soon as the laser beam enters the liquid, it causes a INTERFERENCE FREE
non-linear increase in the refractive index of the liquid. The link uses a pulse frequency modulation system
The laser beam is forced into propagating in a region of at 20kHz, eliminating the critical factors of heat haze
relatively high refractive index, and is reflected in on causing signal fluctuations, hand shake or changes in
itself at the interface between these two regions. daylight level. A voice operated switch is incorporated
After a further non-linear increase in the refractive to change from receive to transmit; the system is
index, the laser is self-trapped and rapidly collapses into interference free and is completely secure from eaves-
a filament, the smallest so far identified having diameters droppers.
of about 2 to 5 microns. The power density in the The gallium arsenide pn junction in the lamp is
filament is very high—about I09 watts per square forward biased to emit infra-red light at 0-9 micron
centimetre—leading to efficient stimulated scattering. wavelength. The range of the instrument is dependent
On leaving the carbon disulphide cell the intense, on visibility and increases to about half a mile at a
continuum and unchanged laser radiation are directed visibility of about 10,000 metres, although it is expected
that improvements will be made in due course.
The foregoing principles have now been released for
commercial exploitation, having been developed
originally for military purpose, and are bom out of the
concept of using separate infra-red fight beams to flood
a particular scene or object for viewing with infra-red
sensitive viewers.
The current state of the art in infra-red detection is
expected to be put to use in industrial or civil espionage
control and crime detection.
LITHIUM HWUXl
IN OVEN
into a lithium niobate crystal where frequency addition A typical example has been cited whereby the Thames
takes place. Tuning of the sum frequency is achieved river police are finding it increasingly difficult to make
by altering the temperature of the lithium niobate. A an arrest of dockside warehouse prowlers without
tunable difference frequency has also been generated arousing the attention of the prowler. The "tele-
so that tunable narrow band frequencies can be scopic" infra-red viewer can be used in pitch dark to
generated in practically the whole 0-3 to 13 0 micron watch the activities of an intruder. Of course, a lighted
spectral range. match or torch will apparently flood the infra-red scene
immediately giving the security patrol an even better
ACTIVE LINE-OF-SIGHT picture.
Other methods of active infra-red communication are
generally based on line-of-sight transmission paths, PASSIVE LINE-OF-SIGHT
although the modulation process is here applied to the The passive system relies on the detection of objects
transmitting crystal attached to a modified pair of by their emission of temperature variance with
binoculars. This method is limited in range to about atmospheric temperature. TTie photograph of the
half a mile, but the required power is minimal in potential intruder shows up clearly with the building.
comparison to conventional systems. It is now possible to make devices which can dis-
This makes the system particularly useful in environ- criminate a 1 degree difference between an object and
ments where reflections from nearby structures would its background. As a result such a device wUi detect
interfere with conventional systems. Examples would the presence of an animal, a vehicle or human being.
be in the building industry, ship's intercom and ship-to- A more advanced method is the thermal imager,
ship radio telephone. incorporating several detectors and a scanning system.
The added attraction is that the two stations, once The signal is applied to a cathode ray tube to give a
lined up could be used for viewing as well as speech, visual picture from heat contrasts rather than colour
forming a visual radio-optical telephone. The speech and brightness contrasts.
790
IMAGE INTENSIFIER
Although not strictly relevant to infra-red, it is worth
looking at recent development of image intensifiers NEXT MONTH!
because their applications are similar to those of passive
infra-red detectors.
The image intensifier is a passive night vision device
which can amplify light directly by 50,000 times. It is a ELECTRONIC GAMES
small cylindrical encapsulation with three light intensify-
ing modules each supplied by an e.h.t. of 15kV (Fig. 4).
Each module is a vacuum envelope with fibre optic
input and output windows. A photocathode on the TO BUILD FOR
inner surface of the input window emits electrons
according to the intensity of incidental light. These CHRISTMAS
electrons are electrostatically focused and accelerated on
to a phosphor screen on the output window to give a Keep the party going with these fascinating
visible image.
games. Can be constructed from full Instruc-
tions in next month's issue.
D,(l >
FIBSE-GUSS BCE-WMES
Fig, 4. A three-stage cascade intensifier tube. -
-
A single module is not sensitive enough for poor light
conditions; this is why three are usually banked
together in a single envelope.
This intensifier needs no special lighting conditions,
so true reproduction of natural light can be achieved,
even in starlight conditions. The performance is
dependent on atmospheric visibility, ambient brightness
and contrast.
Applications lay in intensifying x-ray images, night
navigation, and microscopy.
FUTURE POSSIBILITIES
Infra-red detection has numerous applications in
industry and public life.' The Ministry of Technology
has released details of the work described in this article
and it is expected that the following lines will be
followed up on the basis of infra-red experiments ELECTRONIC STOCKMARKET
already, and still being, carried out. Easy to build and absorbing to play, bringing four or
Tremendous possibilities in the study of wild life and more people all the thrills and hazards of stock and
nature conservation seem apparent when one is told that share investment Monetary gains and losses are
Vampire bats have been successfully bred in this country represented by charges stored in "Cash" and "Bank"
for the first time under close observation by infra-red. capacitors, the taxman takes his toll, and the winner
Automatic fire alarm systems become a much more Is the first to make a million.
simple and reliable proposition and can double up as
intruder alarms at the same time. FLIP-FLOP . '
Infra-red radio and television links can be coupled The new electronic version of "heads or tails"; can
with trunk telephone lines in the laser powered fibre be made on the P.E. Printed Wiring Board. A pocket
optic system. size novelty you can carry around to play at any time,
Closed circuit broadcasting in a room equipped with a wherever you are.
centrally placed gallium arsenide transmitter and ALSO
infra-red detection equipment overcomes problems of DOOR CHIME
multi-image reflection and absorption experienced Another Printed Wiring Board project, producing a
from conventional radio devices; no wires are needed. pleasing vibrating tone when the doorbell button is
Telephone tapping is avoided by using the infra-red pressed.
modulated binocular and fibre optic systems.
' Development work is still going on at S.R.D.E. and
co-operation from manufacturers including Barr and PRACTICAL
Stroud, English Electric, Elliott Bros., Hilger
and Watts, Marconi Instruments, Mullard, Plessey and ELECTRONICS
20th Century Electronics, has brought to "light some
advances that could well place infra-red techniques in
its rightly deserved place in civil communications. DECEMBER ISSUE On Sale Nov. 15
Acknowledgement is made to the Ministry of
Technology, S.R.D.E. Christchurch, for illustrations
used in this article. ★ MAKE SURE OF YOUR COPY
791
The article describes a variable-tempo rhythm sound generating circuits. The two ^ets of
generator which can be used to accompany a differentiators, set 1 and set 2, are controlled by a
piano, organ or other musical instrument. bistable circuit (bistable 5) which changes state for every
The percussive effects reproduced electronically are complete cycle of the ring counter. Thus the first eight
high and low bongoes, short and long brushes, and bass pulses are derived from differentiators in set 1 whilst the
drum. ' . second eight pulses are derived from set 2.
The rhythm selector switches provide instantaneous A sequence switch, S2, is connected to the bistable
choice of any one of 12 popular dance rhythms each one and may be used to over-ride the alternating set I/set 2
being both variable in its tempo and instrumental sequence to give either set I sequence only or set 2
colour to suit the needs of the music or moods of the sequence. It will be seen later that Ihis facility gives a
instrumentalist. possible total number of rhythms which is greater than
the number of positions on the rhythm selector switch.
OPERATION For certain rhythms involving 3/4 or 6/8 time the
The principle of operation of the rhythm generator is basic counter is required to have only 6 pulses for each
most easily described by reference to the block schematic complete cycle and this is accomplished, when required,
diagram shown in Fig. I. The heart of the system is a by part of the rhythm selector switch, which modifies
twisted-ring counter driven by a variable frequency the counter interconnections.
clock-pulse generator. The counter has eight outputs The arrangement given is that used by the author but
and is so arranged that positive-going pulses appear on the system is easily modified to suit individual con-
the output leads in sequence and in time with the clock structor's requirements.
pulse generator. A start switch SI, ensures that, on
switching on, the first pulse occurs on output I, the next CLOCK GENERATOR AND RING
pulse on output 2 and so on up to pulse number 8. COUNTER
The ninth pulse appears on output 1 again and the The tempo of the selected rhythm is governed by the
whole sequence is repeated indefinitely. frequency of the clock-pulse generator shown in Fig. 2.
The positive-going pulses are fed to two sets of eight The circuit is a conventional astable multivibrator and
differentiator circuits which allow short positive pulses control of frequency is obtained by varying the voltage
to pass via the rhythm selector switch to the various supplied to the base resistors by means of VR1. To
Rhythm
A \ev*
^b/
- .
« t
Clock TViil«d - Ring Scqutnct Scqumct
Poltc Ceuoter Gil* Switch
Conwtttar (KrtaNcs 1-4) (Bttlabt* 5) (S2)
8
i' l
1
8 {SfTerantiaWr* 8 Differtrtiotors
(Set I) (Set 2}
js^a ^ 4 Js3l> SjJ,
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RhyWn S< (actor Switehas
(SJ<rS3«)
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Generator
By P. R. Allcock
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simplify the design of the counter circuit the pulse set. Subsequent pulses have no effect as long as the
amplitude was reduced by R6 and R7. voltages at S and R are maintained. In normal
Coupling to the ring counter (bistables 1-4) is by way operation the voltages at S and R will eventually
of capacitor C3 which ensures adequate rise time for change over due to a change of state of the bistable to
the clock pulse generator's output when loaded by the which they are connected and the next clock pulse
cascaded bistables.- arriving at C5 and C6 will be steered via D3 and reset
Since bistables 1 to 4 are identical in mode of the bistable to its original state.
operation the action of bistable 1 will only be considered The pattern of operation for -the first four bistable
before examining beat generation in the whole counter. circuits obviously depends on the instants at which the
The circuit has two stable states TR3 on and TR4 off voltages on S and R are changed over for each bistable
which is the reset state, and TR3 off and TR4 on which element and this in turn depends on the way the
is the set state. Before operation of the start switch SI elements are interconnected. To cater for a wide
the circuit is held in its reset condition by diode D2 variety of rhythms it is necessary to have counter
which clamps the collector of TR3 to earth. operation corresponding to both 3/4 and 4/4 time at
least. Certain rhythms may need other counting
START SWITCH sequences and this is considered later.
Operation of the start switch allows clock pulses to
pass to the base of TR3 or TR4, the routing being BASIC 8-BEAT COUNTER
dependent on the voltage existing at the points R and S. The eight-beat counter can be used to generate a wide
These two points are connected in the complete circuit variety of rhythms involving 2, 4, 8 or 16 beats to> the
to the collector output Ol and 02 of bistable 4, bar and the required form of interconnection is shown
Reference to Fig, 3 clarifies these bistable intercon- in Fig. 3. The sequence of operation for this arrange-
nections. ment, assuming that the start switch has just been
Since at any instant one transistor of each bistable opened, is as follows:
will be on and the other off the potentials fed to S and R With all bistables initially reset.
will be different and it may be seen from the circuit that Clock Pulse 1—Set B1 6—Reset B2
the two possible potentials are —12V and — 3V 2—Set B2 7—Reset B3
approximately (corresponding to off and on 3—Set B3 8—Reset B4
conditions respectively). 4—Set B4 9—Set 1, etc.
5—Reset B1
STEERING CIRCUITS The Ol collector outputs of the first four bistables
If we assume that the potential at S is — 3V and that generate positive-going pulses for the first four beats in
at R is — 12V, the clocK pulses arriving at C5 and C6 are the sequence and the 02 outputs generate similar pulses
differentiated by C6R13 and C5R10 but due to the for the last four beats of the sequence. The 16 beat
potential difference between S and R only D4 allows cycle is produced by diverting these eight pulses
pulses to pass. For D3 or D4 to conduct, the clock alternately via two sets of pulse differentiators.
pulse amplitude must exceed the potential difference For rhythms involving 3/4 or 6/8 time only three
between S and TR3 base, or R and TR4 base, bistable circuits are required in the counter and this is
respectively. The first pulse steered via D4 to TR3 easily arranged by switching S and R of bistable 4 to
base turns TR3 off and TR4 on, that is the bistable is Ol and 02 of bistable 2 instead of bistable 3. This
TABLE I.
Pujse 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 <4 IS 16
Set 1 D *4— ft- Sb Sb — Sb D — Sb *r— •.Sb- — Sb —
Set 2 D — — Hb — Hb .— D — — — Hb — Hb —
Alternate D > Sb — Sb i.:~ . . Sb — D — Hb — Hb —
D-= Drum Sb== Short brush Hb—High bongo
795
I particular change of interconnections is accomplished
by two wafers on the main rhythm selector switch. The
5«t 1 Sttz resulting cycle now generates the first three beats at the
Outputs to wiptrs f Ol outputs of bistables 1, 2 and 4 and the last three
Of Rhythm switches beats at the 02 outputs of the same three bistables.
0(/M Ct6 DI7 D25 C24 It should be noted that bistable 3 still operates
S3b Ot/M
I W^s5a simultaneously with bistable 4 due to its connection
O-luF 0A8I O-luF with bistable 2, but it does not affect the counting
f sequence and its outputs are not used when operating in
10kG 10W1 this condition. The start switch is necessary to ensure"
Dte C2S that the counter does not run in an unwanted sequence
mz H±^,S3C 0f/B2 involving the unused combinations-of states of the four
S3(i —-O
0-1uF 0AM 0-iuF bistables and ensures that the first beat of each, rhythm
R50 pattern appears at Ol on bistable 1, The counter,
OWl output pulses are differentiated and only the positive-
going spikes are used to operate the sound generating
Ot/M 027 0vB3 circuits.
SJt Sjf —O
O-luF OA 81 0-1 uF DIFFERENTIATORS
The circuit for differentiating the output pulses is
K) W1 lOkfl shown in Fig. 4. It will be seen that there are two sets
CVM 020 028 027 of differentiator networks each receiving eight (or six)
530 S3h Ot/M
0AM consecutive pulses from the main counter. However,
O-luF OAot O-luF only one set is operative at any one time depending on
R52
the state of bistable 5. This bistable is fed from the 02
to wi 10WI output of bistable 4 and thus changes state for every
CcO complete cycle of 8 (or 6) pulses, and by controlling the'
OZ/M oS3i 02/6)
—O emitter followers TR13 and TR14 the differentiated
0-1 l)F OAN O-luf pulses are gated in groups (in a similar manner to the
R52
— bistable steering) via the first or second set of diodes
«kn Okfl when the sequence switch is in the "alternate" position.
02/62 022 030 The other two positions of the sequence switch over-
►i^S3 531 A 02/62
—o ride bistable 5 and allow pulses to pass via the first or
O-llf 0AM O-luF second set of diodes. The diode outputs are connected
RS4 to the wipers of S3a to S3p wafers on the rhythm switch
tOkfl which routes the pulses to the various sound generating
02/65 023 030 02/BS circuits. Thus for each position of the rhythm switch
S3n S3n it is possible to generate two different rhythm patterns of
O-luF 0A8I 0AM O-luF six or eight beats each, or one pattern of 12 or 16 beats
ass R64 using alternate sets of pulses. Fig. 5 gives the sequential
(OkO tOkQ routing of pulses for 16 beats at the rhythm switch
assembly.
R45 A simple example will make the operation of this
section easier to follow. Let us assume that the
Q2/M
023 024 toka lOkfL
D32 031 , differentiator circuit's output pulses are routed
S3o S3po
OA 81 11 ''0 ~ by way of the rhythm selector switches to the sound
O-luF 0AM 0-iJJF producing circuits in the following sequence. S3a and
-12V S3b to the bass drum circuit; S3e, S3i and S3m to the
TR 3 TR 4 short brush; S3j and S3n to the high bongo. The
02/65 01/65O counter is set for eight beat operation and for each
position of the sequence switch S2 the following
0C42 042 rhythms result (see Fig. J). ;
52 ASetl "Set 1" position of S2 produces a repeated rhythm
Set 2 involving drum, and three short brush sounds, whilst
AJUmqSt R57 ft 60
kfl
. .033 -3V
i kOABl
£4*1-a
Fig. 4. The two sets of eight eh/ferentiotors which shape
and route the output pulses from the ring counter to the £
rhythm selector switch wafers S3a to S3p. Pulse sequences
are governed by the switch position of 52 X zs
796
First wqutnct
rooting (wlsts 1-8
Continuous Long ^
short brush brui 7 6 5 4 3 2 t
55u FS3t S5s S3r» SSg S5p S3o Sin S3m S3l S3k S31 SSI 3h SSg S3f S3t S3d S3c S3b S5a
Hi T-
JL X X X X XX X , fig.5. 'Mokoswitch*
assembly, showing
c c. L- L L. L L: ^ i_5 L L:£J disposition of wafers
Tl Tl T] Tl Tl Tl T)
T1T] T] T* Tl Tl Tl Tl T1 and functions
L JJ j. r
and^A V"
snitching Extra iiafcr for Second seguence
fitdlng drum circuit routing pulses 9-16
COMPONENTS...
797
09
0T
Or Ho Sac H- 55« SIf
rr N- y' •j*
n
C3? fr—^
Bohoo
Low
Boogo
022
029
020
020
SJfl S3h SSk
\\r r V* y
>-
N V
/t V n\
i
032
032
030
H' S3q
y if? y
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n V j i\ n\
Jf
Bistoilt 4
Long hruih={
0(/Bl(re4d
oz/wrrnsd
KEY TO RHYTHM OOTJtrRTd
SWITCH FUNCTION 01/62(TMd
WESTERN^ VUTl
T ,CH*-m
S3r 531 S3t S3u Monostobta tTRgd
CLW
5^-0-Q^^"'
RHLMBAS0^ ^^^KGUINE
fOX-TPOT® Vl>
OUKfTRB
Ol/M tTRKJc]
OMtrReci
Fig. 6. Rhythm selector switch (S3) wiring diagram
798
-t2V line OV linj
-3V ne Board C
to&oaid B Board C
TR9 WJ
? db toe oc
RI7 R<o
R29
v t%
2
TR7 CIO TB1
C13 fc<S
R»
</ R2
221
m
CM >2b
TR5 Tsl TRn 07 +
Slu R!0
17
R4a
TR5 <2. IT' CIS
(a) (b)
Fig. 7. Component layout and wiring for clock pulse generator and bistable board "A", (a) topside view ; (b) underside view
TR9*-*» '%
R6S 956 02/6
S Jo J(TR
032 C30 C23
S3* F.5S Cntrc)
034 ,34 R66 H57 C29 02/
023 o
H63 fl54 !TH %
S3k —y
030 02/8f
022 -12 V H o. R53 CTR3d
S3i line
029 bo<*d C2T CM 01/M
021 TR13 C
(TMOc)
S39 R6| R52
u Is- ad-J
53f/> 020 » l "C C26 CM 0I/B3
020 R60 R5i
S3« 53* 02/05
'TSfTs D2T C25 0I/B2|
019 S3e DM R59 (TR6c)
S3d
SM CM ^ 710 Ol/W
Die S3a R50 R49 (tm3
230/8 025 f C*
C32 017 S3c/ 53«/
6 7
hat imim
(") (b)
Fig. 8 Component layout and wiring for differentiator board "B". (a) topside view; (b) underside view
799
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cso
Shk Plau
VR3
TRMii
VR4
V
- 5 3a1-S3U S
VRZ
Wi
DJJ Nots« «rotor
amwi
R3/R4
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tatabf* MuKMbratcr
doekpulM Output surming components
■feNi oefurotof Gating
and pre-ranplinerifregufftd
Moflostobt*circwts
gsnerotor
Bongo
circuits
Owjib roils Emitter follower
1 circuits
Further 8 differerrtintor
circuits second sequence
8 differentiator elreoiti
"Set 2" produces a repeated rhythm involving drum and Components should now be mounted, each pin
two high bongo sounds. "Alternate" generates both connection being a good mechanical bond by wrapping
the previous rhythms alternately. round a turn of component lead before soldering.
With topside assembly completed, the board should
RHYTHM SWITCH ASSEMBLY now be reversed and the underside wiring carried out as
The 12 position rotary switch used in the selection shown in Fig. 7b.
and routing of the various pulse patterns is made up Board B assembly, Figs. 8a and 8b, should be com-
from a "Maka switch" kit. This must be of the long pleted and both boards laid temporarily aside.
type with 6m spindle.
Twenty-one single pole, 12 - way wafers are CHASSIS ASSEMBLY
individually threaded on to the spindle, each one being The prototype unit was built using aLektrokit chassis
firmly butted against the other making sure that all the system, see Fig. 9 Both the panel controls and the
wiper tags are in common alignment. disposition of the circuits employed are shown on the
Before inter wafer wiring is commenced reference annotated s.r.b.p. chassis plates. Since this first article
should be made to Fig. 5 which shows the order of the is concerned with boards A and B component assembly
switch wafers relative to the front panel. Using this in on these alone will be dealt with.
conjunction with the wiring diagram of Fig. 6 inter- It is convenient to commence the Lektrokit assembly
connection should be commenced. shown in Fig. 9 by bolting the two chassis rails to one
Starting at switch wafer S3a, wiring to tags which are side plate using standard 6B.A. by Jin cheesehead
electrically common should first be made and then screws and nuts. The other side is then attached to the
flying connections to other wafer tags as indicated. free end of the chassis rails in similar manner. Chassis
The inter wafer wiring should proceed systematically boards A and B should then be mounted- to the chassis
from switch wafer S3a through to S3u with no board rails by means of 6B.A. X Jin screws and nuts.
flying lead connections being made at this stage. With Before attaching the front panel this should be
wiring completed the switch bank should be placed to drilled as indicated for the fixing of panel controls.
one side. Hole diameters have not been given, but the switch and
control retaining nuts can function as templates for this.
BOARD ASSEMBLY Panel controls should then be attached and the front
Referring to Fig. 7a showing the topside of board A, panel connected to the flanges of the side plates by
solder pins should be located at the positions indicated. 6B.A. x Jin screws, the lower two of which pass also
The tapered design of these makes for easy push fitting, through the chassis rail.
and also allows the pins to be easily moved to other Next month we will present the final part of this
holes if some congestion is encountered if using larger article which will deal with the sound forming circuits
size capacitors or resistors. and final wiring of the unit.
800
The Unknown Mass
A £42,000 contract has been awarded to the English
NEWS BRIEFS Electric Industrial Control and Automation Group at
Kidsgrove by Imperial Chemical Industries, Phar-
maceuticals Division, for an on-line M2140 computer
system, see photograph.
The M2140 will be used to process data from a high
resolution mass spectrometer. This mass spectrometer is
used by the Pharmaceuticals Division's research depart-
lia Deal! ment to determine the chemical structures "of unknown
Electronic data handling techniques are spreading chemical compounds.
through the London Stock Exchange. Several leading
broking and jobbing firms are using facsimile systems
installed by the Muirhead Group to speed communications
between their small offices or "boxes" near the Stock
Exchange and their main offices in other parts of the City.
One leading firm of stockbrokers find that, by sending
facsimile copies of dealing slips via their Mufax com-
munication system from their box to their office, they can
provide an even flow of work for their contract department mm'
staff.
iiHM'll
Colour Series for Trainee Engineers
A bbc tv colour series, intended to implement the
Engineering Industry Training Board's integrated
first year course for engineering craft trainees, started on
BBC-2 Thursday, October 3, at 7.10 p.m.
While the series does not itself aim to provide a complete
or continuous course, but a number of self-contained
groups of programmes on selected topics, the groups are
arranged, as far as possible, to fit the order of subjects as
treated in most college time-tables, and also to provide a
logical progression. All programmes reflect aspects of the
trainees' work—theory, works practice and industrial
application.
rr "Si
e O 0 o o o o • o o 0 o o o • o •
F O o • o o o o 0 o o • pi • 0 o • FRONT
E • 0 o o • • • o o o o • • • FRONT
D o o • • o • o o • 0 o o to unit APRON
C o o • o • o o o o o o o • SIDE VIEW
B 0 0 • o o • • •mo 0 • o • Hetol shield to protect
A o o • o • • o • o o o o o • • 1^_Thsrmslor
j thermistor
*\ din etc ogoinst stones
IIN*h>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Zwag nylon cwwKrtinq
Fig. 2. Yeroboard assembly showing top view arrange- Fig. 3. Method of thermistor mounting to front apron of
ment of components and breaks in conductor strips car
For motorists, since the supply is taken from the car
battery, the box dimensions can be considerably THERMISTOR MOUNTING
reduced. In-the author's prototype a small plastic case . The thermistor was mounted on a section of nylon
was used and then fitted to the dashboard. A con- terminal block. In domestic applications the junction
venient form of attachment is sticky tape. between thermistor and its unit connecting leads can be
Holes should be cut to the diameter of the lamp shank made mechanically with the terminal screws of the
and the diameter of the calibration pre-set potentio- nylon block. For car use, these leads should be
meter VRI. This will make for easy screwdriver access soldered and connected as before to preclude any
even though calibration will only be rarely necessary, chance of the retaining screws loosening and producing
say once every two years. an open circuit. •
If the unit is to be used in a car, SI may be omitted. Final fixing of the block should be by screw to either
One of the two supply leads should be connected to wall or shelf.
some convenient anchorage point on the car chassis and To detect road ice hazards, the block should be
the other connected to the ignition switch, so that power mounted at the front of the car, under the front bumper.
to the unit will be turned off when the ignition key is To prevent damage to the thermistor by stones and dirt
removed. Before embarking on these wiring instruc- thrown up from the road, a small deflecting shield was
tions, it is important that the car chassis polarity should formed by bending a length of sheet aluminium or tin to
first be determined, that is whether positive or negative. the width of the nylon block, see Fig. 3. If a ^in hole
When this is done, the relevant supply connections can is drilled in the car's front apron, both shield and block
be made without risk of damage. can be affixed with a nut and bolt.
803
1 .v»
vv;
a:.
v, ;!EXPERIMENTS WITH
•;r;^ ic
•K
a i
B COLOUR
MUSIC REPRODUCTION-
Fig. 4.5. System and equipment used by the author for programming
pattern signals and music on magnetic tope
USING TWO DIFFERENT INPUTS Superimposing music signals upon slowly moving
With the aid of one or more audio generators given Lissajous patterns is quite' effective and gives the
patterns can be produced and made to come and go as illusion of movement in time with the music. Low
well as move in time with music, but this requires very frequency signals produce the most contrasting colour
rapid manipulation of the generator controls. effects, i.e. frequencies which are equal to, or multiples
A similar arrangement but one not so difficult to of the scanner speed and low frequency grid pulses
manipulate is to feed music to one amplifier and an (10, 15, 25 and 30Hz).
audio generator to the other. The music signals will
provide the rhythmic movement whilst formation or FILMING FROM THE DISPLAY
shape is produced with the generator controls, i.e. The brilliance Intensity of the c.r.t. patterns is high
frequency variation, amplitude variation and switching enough for filming with ordinary 8mm artificial light
from sine to square-waves. colour film such as Kodachrome 25 ASA film, providing
the patterns are reproduced within an area of approxi-
TAPE RECORDER mately 2in x 2in. This means operating with a close-
Programming with a tape recorder and an audio up lens, but most dynamic sequences can be filmed this
generator, as well as music signals, provides the way. The writer has made a 15 minute film with
ultimate and most dynamic effects. With this equip- electronic music sound tracks. (Readers who are not
ment the signals for a programme can be recorded and equipped for filming might well find a local cinefilm
the tape edited if necessary by the usual technique of enthusiast or cineclub interested in filming such unusual
cutting and splicing. but nevertheless creative material from their own
For example the pattern signals can be recorded first version of this c.r. colour display.)
in chosen sequences by stopping and starting the tape. The photograph, Fig, 4.6, shows the arrangement used
This allows ample time in which to carry out this part by the writer with an 8mm reflex camera equipped for
of the programming, i.e. the generator frequencies can zooming and with a close-up lens so that patterns could
be pre-set before actually recording. The ideal tape be made to fill the cine screen. Here is a description of
recorder for this is a half- or quarter-track stereo record/ the way in which the film was produced.
playback machine preferably with "off tape" outputs or First it was decided that a coloured background
at least through signal outputs. Such a recorder allows would enhance the overlays of colour patterns filmed
for feeding the pattern signals through to the display directly from the display. The whole film was exposed
before and/or during actual recording. at 12 frames per second with the aperture at f2.8 to a
The block diagram in Fig. 4.5 shows the arrangement white surface illuminated in colour by means of a
employed by the writer for recording patterns and music, 60 watt lamp behind coloured cinemoid. Deep blues,
tracks for the c.r.t. display described in the two previous green and dark red provided the best colour back-
articles. ground.
LISSAjOUS PATTERNS AND MUSIC SUPERIMPOSED PATTERNS
Although comparatively simple In shape, the most Then the film was run through no less than three
striking patterns are 2 to 1 and 3 to 1 Lissajous patterns more times in order to superimpose patterns one upon
from sine or square waves. Over-complex patterns the other and employing all the filming techniques the
produced from music have no definite shape and after a camera would allow: zooming, panning, fading and
while become uninteresting. de-focussing, etc. This, together with electronic
806
Fig. 4.6. Set-up for filming the c.r.t. colour pattern display. Note close-up
lens on cine camera
A visit to the Earls Court Radio Show used to be an suitable for viewing and listening. But he was con-
outing for all the family. Dad went to nod cerned for the less well-known exhibitors, whose success
knowledgeably over specifications. Mum to see her depended on how energetically they advertised before
idols on the BBC stand—and make the final buying the show. It takes a dealer with stout walking boots
decisions—and the kiddies to collect colourful leaflets. and a heart of gold to traverse five miles of London's
Declining commercial support finally closed the West End to see the efforts of a newcomer!
"public" show in 1964, and the handful of separate This short report will concentrate mainly on new
trade shows held during the run of the show, particularly audio equipment—development in other fields will be
by foreign manufacturers excluded from the main event, covered by the companion journals Practical Television
has grown ever since. and Practical Wireless.
TWENTY-TWO DIFFERENT SHOWS UNITS v. RADIOGRAMS
This year, a record 57 manufacturers and distributors, Although there is undoubtedly a trend to integrated
more than half of whom were traceable to continental amplifier/tuners with separate record playing decks and
origins, displayed their wares in 22 centres in London loudspeakers, this is not quite so definite as a tour
over a period of five days. The majority occupied hotel around this caravan of shows might initially suggest.
bedrooms, the more illustrious took over complete Most of the unit audio was due to continental
ballrooms, and some used their own premises. exhibitors who, as has been stated, were present in
All the exhibitors we spoke to were in favour of this force. A large British manufacturer said that radio-
fragmented showing and had no regrets over the grams were still very popular in this country and would
exclusion of Mum, Dad and offspring—there were never be outstripped by strings of "bits and pieces'^—
fewer distractions and those who came to view came even though he was well aware which approach gave
also to buy. A retailer said he found the staff on the better performance per pound. Another, who earned a
stands better informed than the professional demonstra- comfortable living from "bits and pieces" said the
tors of Earls Court days, and the environment more opposite.
w
1
Complete precision
soldering kit
CN 15 watts. Ideal for miniature and micro
miniature soldering. 18 interchangeable spare
bits available from .040'(1mm) up
to 3/16'. For 240, 220, 110, 50 or 24
volts.
\pv
From Electrical and Radio Shops or
This kit—in a rigid plastic send cash to Antex. ACTUAL SIZE
"tool-box" — contains
everything you need for . . . pin-point precision
precision soldering.
soldering . . . fingertip
■ Model CN 15 watts
miniature iron, fitted control ... bits that do not
T*" bit. stick to shafts . . . bits that Q 18 watts. Ideal for miniatura work on
production lines. Interchangeable spare
■ Interchangeable spare slide over elements... sharp bits. 3/32', 1/8', 3/16', and 1/4*. For 240,
bit, 220 or 110 volts. 32/6.
■ Interchangeable spare heat at the tip . . . reliable
bit, A" elements . . . spares always
■ Reel of resin-cored available .. .
solder E 20 watts. Fitted with 1/4' bit.
■ Felt cleaning pad In Europe, Africa,' Asia, InterchangBable spare bits3/32*. 1/8*,
■ Stand for soldering iron America . . . ANTEX sol- 3/1®'. For 240, 220, 110 or 24 volts. 36/-
■ Space for stowage of dering irons are used by
lead and plug experts and amateurs alike;
PLUS 36-page booklet on they have found out the ES 28 watts. Fitted with 1/8' bit.
"How-to-Sofder"—a mine Interchangeable bits 3/32*. 3/16' and 1/4*.
of information for amateur advantages of Antex . .. Ideal for high speed production lines.
and professional. For 240, 220,110, 24 or 12 volts. 35/-.
From Electrical and Radio you can too . . . buy one in
Shops or a shop or direct from us ...
send cash or ask for our catalogue
to Antex. 49'6 first.
F 40 watts. Fitted B/16" bit.
Interchangeable tjita 1/4', 3/l«'. 1/8'. 3/32'
Vary high temperature iron. Available
for 240, 220, 110, 24 or 20 volt*. 42/6.
(Freafflaainaiia Spare bits and elements for all models
I+'N'T-E-XI and voltages immediately evaitabla from stock.
A 1 N 1 T X PRECISION MINIATURE
SOLDERING IRONS I enclose cheque/P.O./cash value.
made in England NAME.....
ADDRESS
Antex, Mayflower House, Plymouth, Devon
Telephone : Plymouth 67377/8. Telex 45296. Giro No. 345007. pg-j-j Telephone:
809
Arena stereo tuner amplifier type TI500F with two HT2I speaker units
r*
Eagle Products
Rhythm Master percussion generator
810
STEP UP YOUR
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understand the many branches of the vast
gear, lighting, water electrical
K.3. BNIERPBI8EB. (Bept. P.E.) industry from installation work of
17 THE EBIDGB, WEALDSTONE. H3DDX. heating, space all kinds. Equipment Instruments, Motors and
D heating, cookers, Machines, Repair work. Maintenance and
Sa^liin )■ ScfasaU. Univmilln Bmcnmanl DtpvtBuii refrigeration, public Operation right through to the Generation
and Distribution of electricity. And, to make
address the 2.3S0 pages of absorbing text crystal clear
(D equipment.. . there are over 2,000 "action" photos and
In fact everything explanatory drawings. In addition you
receive a slip-case of 36 large Blueprint
you need to odd to charts and sheets of handy data. Plus fascinat-
Q your income, to ing colour booklet of transparent pages which
really advance in peel away to reveal how a Nuclear Power
w Station is operated.
j your work. Leading experts explain in detail
Written by 87 experts, this PRACTICAL
library is planned to give you the knowledge
which would normally take a lifetime to
< acquire. Send for your free trial set now—
no obtigacion Co purchase.
h PRACTICAL
<
ELECTRICAL
0
k EM
Li
GOODMANS HIGH FIDELITY Here is what you receive
4 Volumes strongly bound in
MANUAL Grey Morotjuette, 9Jin. x bjin.
QOODMAIVS
HtGH PIDEUTY containing 2,352 Pages of in-
A Guide to full structive information on latest
listening enjoyment practice; 2.100 Photographs.
Diagrams, Working Drawings,
The Manual is much more than a cata- many showing actual opera-
logue of Goodmans
speakers—it contains High "Fidelityarticles,
informative Loud- tions in works and plants.
including advice on stereo, special begin- 24 Data Sheets in colour.
ners page, and full cabinet drawings. 12 Quick-reference Blueprint
YooTI find it interesting as well as Charts, each in the large size of
His informative. IGJin. X JJJin.
The Perfect Combination NUCLEAR POWER
STATIONS BOOKLET
MAXAMP 30 Newnes Electrical Rocket Book
TRANSISTORISED STEREOPHONIC HIGH Fl- Nearly 400 pages Mvith 258
illustrations, diagrams, tables.
DELITY AMPLIFIER 15 + 15 watts • Silicon solid state (Value IOI6d.)
Integrated pre-amplifier ■ Negligible distortion • £54.0.0.
STEREOMAX
MATCHING AM/FM STEREOPHONIC FM TUNER Use il FREE |oi 7 days
Transistorised • Outstanding specification • Stereo de-
coder (optional) • £65.5.0 + £15.14.0 P.T. To: Buckingham Press Ltd., 18-19 Warren Street, London, W.I
Both MAXAMP 30 and STEREOMAX have polished wood Please send PRACTICAL ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
without obligation to buy if you'accept my application. I will |
cases (toy x Si" x 7^" deep) in Teak or Walnut to order. return the books in 8 days or post— .
_ C .... ere □ Full cash price of £16, or
Full specifications of the Maxamp 30 and Stereomax are □ 16/-dep. & 16 monthly payments of 20/-.
given in the High Fidelity Manual—send the coupon for If you ore under 21 your father must fill up the coupon
your FREE copy—or pay an early visit to your Goodmans Full Name
dealer. (Block letters) MfKrliiX/ltrre
Address
of my nearest Goodmans dealer. (Uiita ptqartj
Name—— County
FunekuHtcWJ-1 I
Address. Occupation Mr.
Signature ...A Mrs. i/iwie $f'tot■I
PEE/3835 Miss flua isswit trie
GOODMANS LOUDSPEAKERS LTD (Credit price £16,/6s.) for Eire & N.J. send £16 with
AXIOM WORKS ' WEMBLEY • MIDDLESEX. Tel: 01-992 1200 coupon. Elsewhere Overseas add 26/- p. & p.
811
IT'S BARGAIN TiME AT
MORE TO CHOOSE FROM—EESS TO PAY
new
IMPORTANTMEW AMPLIFIER
T.R.S. STEREO 4-4
VARI-STAT
thermostatic
SEPTEMBER
5 trajMblar traosfotmcrleM stereo amplifier soldering iron AM-FM-TV
integrated pre-amp.Hullard
newly developed A T 4it 8-wattdesign basedwith
modules on ALIGNMENT
BC108 pre-amp. Suitable also.for speakers from High Production Model D PRICE by R. G. Middleton 30/-
3Eesponee—60
to IS ohms.to With bass and treble cnt/booat.
14kHz ± 3dB. This excellently Miniature Iron 50 watt HANDB00K OF
engineered layout requires only wiring between Voltage 12-250 volt 60/6 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
controls Weight I 3/Aoz.
and simplex teak-ended Complete
and modules. cabinet lorwith metal
instant chatsie
assembly. "Screw on" Bit sixes I/I6!n,, 3/32in., I/Sin.,
3/16in., I/din. by R.C.A. Service Co. 20/-
Stereo/Mono and Rndio/PU switches. Our range also includes : -t PRACTICAL POWER-
Amplifier Kit with Knobs, etc.. Complete inc.' cabinet/ kit SUPPLY CIRCUITS
47.19-9 <p/p 3/6) power pack/ Standard Miniature Model SOW 't
TJl.S. Power Unit «8.S.O DISS plugs and Standard Instrument Model 70W by John Potter Shields 24/-
(P/P Simplex
T_E,3. 2/61 Ciblael. 2117.9 sockets High Production Instrument Mode) I25W -c SYMFACT (R) GUIDE
(pipDIS
3/6) £12.10 Industrial Model 500W -c TO TV SERVICING
4 prs.
purchasedplugs and sockets
separately. 18/0. if (post free) All these irons give excellent bit and element
life since the thermostat completely elimin- -< by the PF Reporter
TBS STEREO EM TUBES ates overheating and controls reserve -1 Editorial Staff 26/-
Available shortly, this comes la prefabricated heating capacity which makes possible con- TELEV1SI0N TAPE
module
Excelknlformsensitivity,
ready for instant and AFC,
swilchable simple automatic
assembly. tinuous soldering without chilling of the bit.
stereo function, rugged construction and matching The consistent temperature makes these FUNDAMENTALS
appearance with T.R.3. stereo 4-A 8.A.E. brings irons ideal for printed circuit work. by Harold E. Ennes 40/-
details. 0CT0BER
SINCLAIR IC-10
This fantastically minute circuit
ampllfler includes CO Z CARDROSS ENGINEERING CO. LTD., ABC'S OF ELECTRICAL
•pre-amp in »13 traoslstor a twentieth
ofpeak).
an inch square. Delivers
As advertised. watts (lOW J'/w
With Smanual Woodyard Road, Dtimbarton. SOLDERING
ALL SINCLAIR PRODUCTS IN STOCK AS Phone; Dumbarton 2655 by Louis M. Dezettel 18/-
ADVERTISED BENCH SERVICING
6AREAS D UNITS AND PLINTHS MADE EASY 2nd Edition
LHSOCO Record Player with 9T.A. Stereo Cartridge. - c by R. G. Middleton 26/-
110.9.0 ELECTRICAL AND
AT.60 - c
table. Mk.Lessncartridge.
De-luxe Auto-changer, die-cast turn-
■ 213,9.0 ELECTRONIC SIGNS
SP.25 De-luxe single record player, die-cast turn- - c
table-
Brand new Lessincartridge.
makers' cartons. Packing and-211,16.6carriage NEW RANGE BBC 2 AERIALS AND SYMBOLS
on any one ofPLINTH
above 7/6, - c by R. G. Middleton 35/-
UABKARD WB.l In fine Teak for any of All U.H.F, aerials now fitted with tilting bracket - c ELIMINATING ENGINE
above nnits. (Packing and carriage E/->. 86/-. and 4 element erld reflectors.
Garrard clear-view rigid petape* cover (carriage 4/6), 3Loft Moimtine 14Arrays, 7 element, 37/S. - c INTERFERENCE
63/8. II
CARTRIDGEUNITS—STEREO
PLAYER OFFER TO PURCHASERSSonotone BTA/HC OP «0/-,element,
Wall45/-.
Mounting element.
with 52/6.
Cranked 18 element,
Ann, - c by John D. Lenk
TRANS1STOR
16/-
Ceramic with diamond 49/6: Decca Deram with 775/-.
efement. 60/-. 82/8.
18 element. U element,
Mast67/-. 14 element.
diamond
MX2M 26/8. 92;8; MONO Acos CP91-X______ 81/-; floldriag 21n. damp.
14 element, 7 element,
62/-; 42/8;
18 element, UMountlne
70/-.element, with
55/-5
Chimney
- c SUBSTITUTION
HANDBOOK 8th Edition
Mounting Arrays. Complete, 7 element.
element, by the Howard W. Sams
separate arm and.T/O cartridge 69/8 (p.T/t«ble
BHI 4 speed sipgle player, lOiin & p. S/O.with 78/8; 11 element, 80/-: 14 element, 87/8:18
95/-. Com pie ec assembly instructions with every Engineering Staff 16/-
TAPE ANDreel PEEK WALLET unit. Cow Loss Cable, 1/8 yd. U.H.F. Pre-
With each of this fine tapeOFFER
by an JotermtlonaJly amps
requiredfrom
on all75/-.
orders.State dearly channel nombet NOVEMBER
famous manufacturer
made wallet In slinulaleU we give a beautiful
leather with apace strongly
for a TRANSISTOR
reel each side- This la .professional quality full BBC • ITV AERIALS FUNDAMENTALS
frequency
These library wallets solve once and for altfoils.
tape with metallleed leader/atop the BBC "(Band ». S/t>,
Telescopic
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ojin, reel, 1200lt.. I1 7 ifaia reel, 900ft. 1^ 1 /A "H", 62.15.0. SEMICONDUCTOR AND
with wallet-1800(t.. ft ' /'» ITV (Band 3). 3 element loft
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TAPEKEELS—Tin.,8:8; */" array, 80/-.SO/-.5 Wall
element. 4#/-. -1 CIRCUIT PRINCIPLES
with wallet. ■"/" 6iin.—8/-; Sin.—8,-; 7 element, mountlnjr,
3 dement, 47/6. 5 element, 52/6. ■c by Robert J. Brite 35/-
p. A p. 1/9 per reel Sin.—1/3 (p. S p. 6d.). V0L. 2 BASIC
LARGE Combined BBC/rrV. Loft -c
RESISTORS AND CONDENSERS AND MIDGET
STOCKS OF TRANSISTORS 1+3. 40/-:mmmting
60/-: Wall 1+5. 60/-;1+3. 1+7,
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by Charles A. Pike 35/-
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latest including
copy. difficult to find lines. Send Bd. lor COMBESKD
1+3 + 9, 70/. BBC1—ITV—BBC2
1+5 + 9, 80-/. 1+5+14, AERIALS 90/-. V0L.4 DIGITAL AND
WHEN 1+7+14, 100/-. Loft mounting only. Spedal SPECIAL CIRCUITS
Send cashORDERING
with order. Post and jtaeking where not leafier available. by Reginald Peniston and
slated add 1/- per Hi; l/a, lit; 3/6, 219,• 6/-, 6/4; PJtf. (Band
6/6. 10(6.- 8/-. 14/6; orer 10/-. element, 55/-,2).External
Loft S/D,unitsIS/-.available.
"K". 32/8,
Co-ax.3 Louis Schweitzer 35/-
cable, 8d. yd. Co-ax. plugs, 1/4. Outlet boxes, 5/-.
COMPONENT Dtplexer Crossover Boxes, 13/6. C.W.O. or
P, &P. 5/-. Send 6d. stamps for illustrated lists. coj).
IRS RADIO SPECIALISTS CAfXEfiS WetCOME FOULSHAM-SAMS
70 BHI 6ST0CK ROAD, THORNTON HEATH, OPEN ALL DAY SATURDAY
' SURREY TECHNICAL BOOKS
Telephone: 01-884 2188 9 a.m.-8 p.m. dally K.VJV. ELECTRONICS (Dept. p.e.)
1 P.m. Weds. 27 Central Parade, New Adding ton CW FOULSHAM & CO LTD.)
A few minutes from Thornton Heath Stn. (S.R, Surrey—CRO-OJB
Victoria Section) LODGE HILL 2266 ViOVIL m SIOUGH, BUCKS ENGUNO
812
Limited Spagegharge Agcumulatioh mode
Last month we considered the properties of semi- Ordinary positive resistance is given by the voltage/
conductor materials and the theory behind the current ratio for the current flow due to the voltage
transistor. The high frequency limitation of the applied across a resistance. This would be given by the
latter device was pointed out. slope of a current-voltage graph as shown in Fig. 21a.
This month we introduce some comparatively new The characteristic of negative resistance on the
semiconductor devices which overcome these high graph shows a negative (downward) slope as in Fig. 21b,
frequency limitations and thus offer promise of further i.e. an increase in voltage resulting in a decrease in
great advances in semiconductor technology. current.
Current is determined by the rate of flow of electric
A NEGATIVE RESISTANCE DEVICE charge, so it depends both on the numbers and the
The next semiconductor active device of major velocities of the charge carriers as well as their charge.
importance that came on the scene utilised the property In normal positive resistance, the number n of charge
of negative resistance. carriers flowing in a circuit usually stays constant while
their velocity increases regularly with increasing applied
voltage, so that / increases with V.
If we could somehow decrease n with increasing V
sharply enough, there will be a decrease in I and thus
negative resistance will occur.
A THE TUNNEL DIODE -
The tunnel diode, a negative resistance device working
in this way, was invented in 1958 by a Japanese
physicist, L. Esaki. It consists of a single pn junction
in which the p- and n-type regions are very heavily
doped. Thus the difference in levels on both sides is so
Fig. 21a Fig. 21b great that the bottom of the conduction band in the
«-type region is below the top of the valence band in the
p-type region. This is illustrated in Fig. 22a.
Practically no electrons and holes can flow across the
ELECTRON junction and the current is virtually zero. If the
TUMMELL NG junction is biased forward very slightly, reducing the
potential difference, the electrons still cannot run uphill
mm into the .p-type region as the potential difference is still
• •• ixn very great. However, they are now brought into levels
ftJULS corresponding with those of the holes opposite them in
the p-type region. These holes are nothing but absences
m m of electrons.
By the laws of quantum physics, an electron in the
Fig. 22a Fig. 22b n-type region is able to "funnel" through the junction
barrier into an empty electron level at the same height
irf the p-type region, i.e. a hole. This surprising effect is
TUNNEL CURRENT allowed a certain small probability by quantum
INCREASES ELECTRON-NOLE physical laws.
LEVELS SEPARATE As the number of electrons is so large, some of them
do tunnel through and are able to constitute a current
across the junction (see Fig. 22b). As the bias is
increased, more electron and hole levels are brought
opposite one another and the tunnel current increases,
see Fig. 23.
As the bias is increased further, the electron and hole
levels separate again, and the number of electrons able
Fig. 23 Fig. 24 to tunnel across decreases (Fig. 24). The tunnel
current thus decreases with increasing voltage.
813
The current-voltage graph thus has a negative slope to the fact that three British physicists, B. K. Ridley,
and the junction exhibits negative resistance (Fig. 25). T. B. Watkins and C. Hilsum, had hitherto predicted
On increasing the bias still further, the junction begins that GaAs would show the property of negative
to conduct an appreciable normal forward bias current. resistance under these conditions.
Thus a tunnel diode with an appropriate bias applied
to it will behave as a negative resistance. It can be used
in an LC circuit to generate electrical oscillations (Fig. FUNDAMENTAL THEORY
26). To understand why GaAs exhibits negative resis-
tance, it is necessary to refer to fundamental semi-
SHORT TRANSIT TIME conductor physics. Our previous energy level diagrams
The theoretical high frequency response of the tunnel (see Part I) only show the energy values of the electrons
diode should only be limited by the time taken for the in a semiconductor, the horizontal axis simply standing
electrons to tunnel through the junctidn. As the for the physical dimensions of the semiconductor bulk.
tunnelling is an extremely fast- phenomenon, this An energy level diagram can be drawn to show both
transit time limitation is much less restrictive than that the energy and momentum of the electrons in the
on the transistor, and thus it can work at much higher conduction band (Fig. 28a). In this diagram, the
frequencies. Tunnel diodes can be operated in the horizontal axis stands for the momentum of the elec-
lower frequency section of the microwave spectrum. trons. An electron in the conduction band must lie
However, the tunnel diode also has its own high on the curved line, i.e. it can only have the simultaneous
frequency limitations. values of energy and momentum that the points on the
Like all diodes, it has exposed net charges on either line have. This is because the energy and momentum
side of the junction. These charges are slightly of a moving object are closely related. This relation
affected by an external bias, and so the junction has a involves the mass of the object.
very small capacitance Q, which must be added to the C Now, as the electron moves in the semiconductor. Its
in the LC circuit. The frequency of oscillation is now movement is affected by the positive charges of the
l/[27rVL(C + Cj)] atomic nuclei in the semiconductor. Thus it does not
move in quite the same way as a free electron in space.
Thus no matter how small we make L or C, the junction The effect of these nuclei on the electron can be taken
capacitance will always impose an upper limit on the into account by considering the electron as having an
frequency of oscillation of the resonant circuit. effective mass quite different from its actual mass. The
However, the tunnel diode is a significant advance on
the transistor as a high frequency active device. It has
two layers and one junction compared with three layers
and two junctions of the transistor, which is a reduction
in complexity. Gallium arsenide (GaAjs) devices do
not depend at all on junction effects for their function- TUHHEl CURflEMT
ing. Their negative resistance is purely a property of DECREASES
their bulk material, and depends only on the behaviour
of the charge carriers in the bulk material.
NORMAL FORWARD
THE NEGATIVE RESISTANCE BIAS CU88EM7
PROPERTY OF GaAs
The negative resistance of gallium arsenide depends
not on a decrease in n with an increase of voltage, but a
decrease in velocity, with n remaining constant. When Fig. 25
an n-type GaAs slice is biased to a certain voltage, a
further increase in voltage will result in a decrease in the NEGATIVE SLOPE
velocity of the electrons. Since it is the electric field TUNNEL
(voltage per unit length) across the slice that matters ' DI00E
rather than the voltage, a graph of the velocity of the
electrons against the applied electric field must be BIAS
SUPPLY
plotted and is shown in Fig. 27.
When the field across the GaAs slice is above about
3,000 volts per centimetre, it starts to exhibit negative SkV/cr* ELECTRIC
resistance, as the current across the slice will decrease APPROX FIELD
due to the decreasing velocity with increasing electric
field, i.e. voltage across the slice. A decrease in the Fig. 26 Fig. 27
velocity of the electrons means that less charge will
flow across the slice in a given time, i.e. less current
will flow.
THE FIRST GaAs OSCILLATOR
The first GaAs active device functioning as a negative ENERGY
resistance oscillator was discovered by J. B. Gunn in
1964 while he was doing research on the high field DRASTIC GENTLE
SLOPE SLOPE
properties of semiconductors. A rod of GaAs when
biased above 3k;V/cm began oscillating electrically and
also emitted microwaves, the osciUations being at
microwave frequencies. 0 MOMENTUM 0
H. Kroemer then put forward the explanation that the Fig. 28c
GaAs rod was acting as an oscillator because of its Fig. 28a Fig. 28b
negative resistance property. Kroemer drew attention
814
DRY JOINT TESTER HI-FI BARGAIN MAINS TRANSISTOR POWER PACK
The moet fberelteble way of foslfcng
betweenforthe o drycomponent
Joint 1b to PXfLL Designed to operate transistor sets and arapliflera.
measure resistance
lead and the printed circuit board. Out kit for one of PIthe12flnest
DfCHloudspeakers
LOUDSPEAKER. that weThis
haveis ever
undoubtedly
offered, Adjustable output 6V, 9V, 12V for up to fiOOmA
doing this acomprises a large scale (31n.) moylog produced by one of this country's most famous makers. It (class B working). Takes the place of any of the
col! meter, variable reslslauce for adjusting zero has a die-cast metal frame and is strongly recommended for following batteries: PPI. VPS. FP4. PPG, PP7.
setting, and a wiring diagram with iBStrnctions. Hi-Fi toad and Rhythm Guitar and public address. PP9 and others. Kit comprises: mains transformer
The only additional items ymi will need nro n Flux. Density 11,000 gauss—Total Flux 44.000 MoxweUt— rectifier, smoothing and load resistor, condensers
battery, some wire, a pair of test rods.- Price Power Handling 15 watts E.M.S.—Cone Moulded fibre— and instructions. Real snip at only 10/8, plus 3/6
postage.
lfl/8- Postage and iDsurance 2,'6. Fraq. tesponse 30-10,000q/e—Main resonance Sflc/s—Chassis
Olnm. IZto—I2jlnholes
Dlam.—Mounting over4, hole*—Jin
mounting lugs—Baffle holecircle
diain. on pitch Ilia CASSETTE LOADED DICTATING
FLUORESCENT CONTROL KITS 'only
If In<8/9/6,
diolu.—Overo!!
plus 7/6 height
P. s P.Olin. A three
Specify £8 speaker offered
or fifteen for
ohms. MACHINE
Each kit comprises seven Items—Choke, 2 tube Don't miss this offer. Battery
ends, starter, starter holder and 2 tube clips, operated '■"5
with wiring instructions. Koitable for normal BARGAIN OF THE YEAR- and with
ftuoreacent tubes or the new "Gtolox" tubes for all acces-
fish tanks and Indoor piaats. Chokes are supet- MICRO-SONIC sories.
siient.mostiyresiii
Kit B—30-40W., filled. 10/6. KitKitA.—10-20W.
O-80W.. 1910. 19/8. Really
fantastic -4|
Kit D—mW., 28/-. Kit E—65W.. 19/8. Kit 7 .transistor Key ohsln loudspeaker offer ft
OTl is for Shi., Pin. and 121n. mlnhituratubes Radio In very pretty with
2i x 2} xlita—complete case, soft
size British
19/6. Postage on Kits in ode
kits then 4/6 for each Atwo andkitsB 4/6 for oneKits
ordered. or two
C, leather zipped bag. Specification:
Circuit: 7 transistor superheterodyne. £31
I> and E 4/6 on first kit then 3/6 for each kit outfit
ordered. Kit MFl
each, two kite ordered; 3/6 on first kit then 3/6 on Frequency range: 630 to 1600kc/a.
Sensitivity: 5mv/m, Intermediate only for
frequency: 465kc/«, or 460kc/8. Power £8/19/6,
brilliantly designed
REED-SWITCH
output: 40mW. Antenna: ferrlfe rod.
Loudspeaker: permanent magnet cassette takes normalfor speed
spools dropsandin and
efficiency—*
out for
Snltable for dozens type. In transit fromcorrosion
the Eastasthese easy loading—all normal functions—accessories
such as burglar alarms,ofconveyor
diSerentbelt apptlcatiomi,
swlichlng- sets suffered slight
batteries were left in them but when
the include: stcthoaeopic eurpiece—crystal micro-
phone has on/off switch—telephone pick-up—
These are simply glass in cased switches which this corrosion is cleared away they tape reference pad—DON'T MISS THIS UN-
can be operated by a passing pennsnent magnet should work perfectly—offered with- REPEATABLE OFFER—SEND TODAY.
coil. A special boy enables us to ofler these at out guarantee except that they areevcrlnst
new. tag
19;6batteries
pins 2/67/-post £6/19/6 plusSpare
7/6 post and insurance. Footawitch
2/8 each,
are If. each. or 24/- a dozen. Snltable'mngncU batteries- A pair of rechargeable pair.end Ins., 18/6 extra. Cassettes at 7/6 each, three for £1
8m in fha Dark INFRA-RED BINOGU LARS
MINIATURE WAFER SWITCHES YOU NEVER HEED BUY ANOTHER BATTERY
4pole.
pote,3 way—2
2 way—3 for your transistor radio. Stupendous offer this month—a Nfeklc Cadmium
pole.pole,
4 way—3 3 way—4pole, battery stack together with a malos operated charger which you mount on the
4 way—2 pole, 6 way—1 pole. 12 buck of your
Offered set.thanThethemains
for less cost ofBextheunplugs so the
batteries set remains
alone. ONLYcompletely portable.
89/8, plus 3/8 poet.
way. All at 3/8 each, 88/- dozen,
yoor assortment.
INFRA-RED HEATERS
WATEBPEOOP HEATtSO Make ttp one of these latest type
ELEMENT heaters. Ideal for bathroom, etc. These infra-red binoculars when fed from a high
26 yards length TOW. Self-regniaf ing They are simple to make from our voltage source will
teiopecotnce control. 10/- post free. easy-to-follow
enclosed elementsinstruct Ions—uses
designed for thesilfca
cor- dark, provided
Infra-red theennble
beam. Each objectsobjectsintothe
be seen
eye tubearecontains rays inofthe
a complete an
rect infra-red wavelength (3 microns). Price lot "M wafts clement, nil parts, metal optical lens system as well as the infra-red. cell.
BLANKET SWITCH easing as illustrated, 19,$, plus 4/6 post and Insurance. Pull switch 3/- extra. These optical systems can be u«d aa lenses for
Double Pole with TV cameras—light cells, etc- (detaite supplied).
neon let into side so It is THIS MONTH'S SNIP The binoculars form port
lominons in dark, Ideal
for BREAKDOWN PARCEL (Tabby) equipment. Theyofaretheunused
Army night driving
and believed
nee dark
with room
waterproof light orclement
for This unit 1* really an army telephone lea* hand-set. It contains the foDowlog to be in good working order but sold without a
guarantee. 2/8.
Price £3.17.8. plus ID/- earr. and ins.
—blue plast ic case. 6/6 each. useful
1. HandItems:
operated magneto generator which will light lamps, generate shocks, . Handbook
BLANKET SIMMERSTAT etc. Be first this year
Although looking thislike, and 2. Magneto boll, whkh will work with above generator or from the mains
blanket switch, is infitfact
ted asa andevice
ordinaryfor throughTapper.
3. Morse a step down transformer. SEED AND
switching the blanket on for varying time 4. A very sensitive change-over relay which will operate Irani I1V upwards. PLANT RAISING
periods, thus giving a complete control from off 5. matching
A useful assortment Soil heating wire and irans-
to foil heat. Also,suitable for controlling the
teroperutnre of any other appliances liaralormers,ofchokes,
componenU comprising
tng-stripti. switches.
etc.. Price 14,8 Jack-sockets,
plus postage former. Suitable for standard
1 amp. Listed at 27/6 each, we offer using up to
these while anil tnsurnnce 6/6. size garden frame. 19/6.
plus 3/6 post and ins.
our stock iaste at only 12/8 each.
PROTECT VALUABLE DEVICES GANGED POTS
AH partsPHOTO-ELECTRIC
to make light operated switcb/burglsr KIT
FROM THERMAL RUNAWAY OR Standard type and size with
good length o! aptadte—
alarm/counter, etc. Kit comprises printed circuit. OVERHEATtNfl: made by Mbrganite. last
Laminated Boards and chemicals. Latching relay. Thyrislors, price is 10/- each but(orif1/8
youeachact
Infra-redcond..
sistors, sensitive PhotocellBlock,
Terminal and Hood,
Plastic2 Tran-
case. use heat-sinksrectifiers,
enn easilytransistors etc.,simply
be protected; which quickly you can have them at 12/- doz.
if less than doz.l. Following valves in stock all
EMentlal data, circnits and P.C. chasela plans of make the contact thermostat part Of the heat- "lin"—10K—10K—100K—100K — 50<tK — 500K
10 photo-electric device including auto, car sink. Motors and equipment generally, can all new and unused. Fost 2/9 on let doz. then
parking light, modulated tight alarm. Sintple also be adequately
thermostats in strategicprotected
spots on by the having
casing. I/- per doz. G doz. or more post free.
invisible ray switch—counter—stray light alarm—. Our contact thermostat has a calibrated dial
warbling tone elcclconlo alarm—projector lamp for setting between 90-190°F or with the dlnl BECKASTAT
stabiliser, etc- Only 39/6, plus 2/- post and irunir. removed range10/-.
sotting is between 80 and This is an Instant
PP3 thermoetftt, simply
fromEliminator.
the mains! Play yourfe.pocket
Save radio
Complete SOOT. Priee plug
into ityour
andappliance
its lead
component kit comprises 4 rectifiers— DRILL CONTROLLER into wall plug.
mains dropper resistances, smoothing Adjustable
condenserpost.and instructions. Only 8;'8
plus'l/- 'COKTROL
Elcotronlcally changes speed from
approximately 10 revs, to maxi- for normal airsetting
tem-
peratures.
loading. Will13saveA
THERMOSTATS DRILL bymum. Fullcontrol.
finger-tip power atKitallInciudea
speeds
its cost in a season.
Type "A" ISA for controiling room heaters, SPEEDS all part*, cose, evetythlng and lull 19/6.2/9.Postage and
greenhouse, airing cupboard. Has spindle lor instructions. 19/8 plus 2/6 post and ins.
pointer/knob. Quickly adjustobls from S0-80°i'. Insurance.
85/-, plus 2/6 Or post.avallobto made up
9/6,P.plus
S/- & P.1/-1/-.post. Suitable box for wall mounting, TELESCOPIC
Type "S" ISA. ThisBunrio
Is o Ilia long rodadjusts
type 16 R.P.M. GEARED MOTOR AERIAL ^
made by the famous Co. Spindle iUiidc by Smiths Electrics, these are almost silent running, but are very; for portable, car radio
this from S0-S30°F. Internal screw They operate from normal to 240V mains and the final shaft speed is ' or transmitter. Chrome pla-
alters the setting so this could be
adjustable over 30° to l.OOOT. Snitnble IS/-. Post and ins. 2/0. "J toted—six
47in. scetions, extends
Hole in bottom from
lor 6BA
foreon- MOVING COIL METER- screw. 7/8 each.
i, trolling MAINS
a*,,oven kiln. Immersion
- heater or furnace,
to make Meters are always being needed and they are
Jolty costly when you have to buy them in ft Type A 210/250V AC coil,RELAYS
2 types, one for single
flame-start
post and insorance. or fire alarm, 8/6, plus S/6 hurry.ofler:
this So It's,
2Jin.sensible
(Sin. too.d.)
takeflush
advantage of
mounting changeover eootacta. B/8has
whole chassis mounting, cnch-S pairs heavy duty
Type "D". We call this the Ice-stat as it cuts in moving call meters only 8/6 each. These me T»P«
octal Bvalve
in clear plastic2 case
holder. pairsonchangeover
tin base, plugs into
contacts.
and oat at around freezing point, 2/S amps. Has scaled O-S00mA but once tho Internal shunt sois 18/6 each.
many uses freezing.
one of which If awould be to keep the lOit. removed the f.s.d.
pipesyds.
<16 from 10/-) Is wound length
roundof our
the blanket
pipes. wire
7/6. you can make it intoIsalmost
usually about by10mA
anything adding Wherethenpostage isover
not £3definitely stated as an
shunt* or scries resistors. These arc Ex. W.D, extra
P. A P. 1/1.
Type "E". This la standard refrigerator thermo-
e ofonlycourse
8/8 each plus 2/0 post. 12 or more postPrice
but ate all new and unused. free. £3 mid 2/9.orders ate poetodd
aeml-conduotors free.1/- Below
poet.
stat. Spindle adiustments cover normal rcirfgera- Over fl post free. S.A.E.wlth enquiries please.
tor teniperature, 7/6, plus If- post.
Typo "F". Gloss encasedthose
of li^nid—particularly for controlling the temp,
in glass tanks, vats
or sinks—thermostat is held (half submerged) by ELECTRONICS (CROYDON) LIMITED
rubber Backer or wire clip—ideal for fish tanks-
developers
Adjnstable over and range
chemical 50° tobathsIM'Tof-. Price
all lypcs-
18/-, (Dept. P.E.) 266 LONDON ROAD, WEST CROYDON, CRO 2TH
plus SI- poet and in a/so at 102/3 TAMWORTH ROAD, CROYDON. SURREY
815
ERSIN
DUXFORD ELECTRONICS (PE)
97/97A MILL ROAD, CAMBRIDGE
{Visit us—at our new Mail Order, Wholesale & Retail Premises)
MINIMUM ORDER VALUE 5/-
C.W.O. Post and Packing 1/- • ' SO
10% over £2
DISCOUNT 15^ 0ver £5 Contains 5 cores of non-corrosive flux, instantly
CERAMIC DISC CAPACITORS (Hunt..). 500V ±20%! 100, 220, cleaning heavily oxidised surfaces. No extra flux
330pF. -20%.+80%r 470,680, I.OOOpF. 5d each. required. Ersin Multicore Savbit Alloy also reduces wear
ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS (Mullard). —10% to +50%. of copper soldering iron bits.
Subminiature (all values in (uF)
4V 8 32 64 125 250 400
6'4V 6-4 25 50 100 200 320 L SIZE 15
10V 4 16 32 64 125 200 SIZE S
16V 2-5 10 20 40 80 125 E SOLDER
25V 1-6 6-4 12-5 25 50 80 k HANDY SOLDER f.P DISPENSER
40V 1 4 8 16 32 50 DISPENSER jSi
64V 0-64 2-5 5 10 20 32 Contains 21 ft. coil
Price 1/6 1/3 1/2 *h 1/1 1/2 Contains 10 ft. coil i of 60/40 Alloy,
Small (all values in /tF) of 18 s.w.g. Ersin gs 22 s.w.g. Ideal for
4V 800 1,250 2,000 3,200 Multicore Savbit | small components,
6-4V 640 1,000 1,600 2,500
10V 400 640 1,000 1,600 Alloy. 2/6 each. ■g| transistors, diodes.
16V 250 400 640 i.ooo m S etc. 3/- each.
25V 160 250 400 640
40V 100 160 250 400
64V 64 100 160 250 BIB MODELS
Price t/6 2/- 2/6 3/- WIRE STRIPPER
POLYESTER CAPACITORS (Mullard) SIZE 12
Tubular, 10%, r60V: 0-01,0 015. 0 022/(F. 7d. 0 033, 0 047//F. 8d. 0 068. Ideal for home ^ , AND CUTTER
0-l/rF. 9d. 015/tF, lid. 0'22/iF. l/~. 0 33/rF. 1/3. O^F, 1/6. 0-68/jF, 1 constructors. Strips insulation
2/3. l/tF.2/8. Contains 90 ft. cleanly and
400V: 1,000. 1.500.2,200,3,300,4.70OpF, «d. 6.800pF. 0 01.0 015, 0 022/iF,
7d. 0-033/tF, 8d. 0 047/:F,9d. 0-068, O i^F, lid. 0-I5//F. 1/2. 0-22/»F, of 18 s.w.q. Ersin quickly, fitted
1/6. 0*33/:F, 2/3. 0-47^,2/8. § Multicore Savbit ■ with unique 8
Modular, metallised, P.C. mounting, 20%, 2S0V: 0-01.0-015, 0-022/iF, 7d. Alloy on a plastic V gauge wire
0-033, 0 047mF. 8d. 0-063, C-1/<F, 9d. O IS^F, lid. 0-22/iF, I/-. O-33/iF,
1/5. 0-47^F. 1/8. 0-68//F, 2/3. 1/tF. 2/9. • reel. 15/-each. ■ selector. Plastic
POLYSTYRENE CAPACITORS: 5%. 160V {uneneapsulated); 10, 12, 1 handles. 9/6 each. -
15, 18.22,27.33,39.47.56.68.82. 100, 120. 150.180.220,270,330.390.470, A From Electrical and Hardware shops. If unobtainable, write tot
560. 680, 820pF. Sd. 1,000, 1.500. 2.200pF. 6d. 3,300. 4,700, S.eOOpF, 7d. w Multicore Solders Ltd., Hemel Hempstead, Herts.
6,800, 8,200, lO.OOOpF, 8d. 15.000. 22,OOOpF. 9d.
1%, I00V (encapsulated): 100, 120, 150. 160. 220. 270, 330, 390, 470. 500,
560, 680, 820pF, I /-. 1,000. 1.200. 1.500, i .600.2,200.2,700, 3.300,3.900pF,
1/3. 4.700, 5,000,5,600, 6,800, 8,200. 10,000. 12,000, IS.OOOpF, 1/6.
18,000, 22,000. 27,000. 33.000. 39.000pF, 1/9. 0-047, 5,000, O056/fF. 2/-.-
0 068, 0-082, 0-1 a(F. 2/3. 0-l2/<F.2/9. 0-15, O-tg/iF, 3/-. 0-22//F. 4/-. 0-27.
O-33/fF. Sh. 0-39/tF. S/9. 0-47, 0-5«F, 6/3.
JACK PLUGS (Screened): chromed, iin Standard: 2/9 each.
Side-entry; 3/3 each- NEW PREMISES
Standard (Unscreened); Witt I grey, white, red, blue, green or
yellow covers, 2/3 each.
JACK SOCKETS (4m Plug): With black or white bezel and chrome nut,
2/9 each. Available with: Break/Break. Make/Break, Break/Make, Make/
Make contacts. INCREASED RANGE OF
POTENTIOMETERS (Carbon): Long life, low noise, 4W at 70oC.
±20% ±30% > 4M. Body dia., iin. Spindle. I in X 4in. 2/-
each. Linear: 100,250, 500 ohms, etc., per decade to I0H, Logarithmic:
Sk. JOk, 25k. etc., per decade to SM. COMPONENTS
SKELETON PRE-SET POTENTIOMETERS (Carbon): Linear; 100.
250,500 ohms, etc., per decade to 5M.
Miniature: 0-3W at 70oC. ±20% gjM. ±30% > 4M. Horizontal
(0*7fn X 0-4in P.C.M.) or Vertical (0-4in X 0 2in P.C.M.) mounting, I/-
each.
Submin.O-lW at 70oC. ±20% g IM, ±30% > IM. Horizontal (0-4in x LARGER AND MORE CONCISE
0-2in P.C.M.) or Vertical {0-2in x 0-lin P.C.M.) mounting, lOd each.
RESISTORS (Carbon film), very low noise. Range: 5%, 4-7n to IMQ
(H24 Series); (0%. HK2 to lOMn (EI2 Series). HANDBOOK
4W (10%). IJd (over 99, t^d), 100 off per value 12/-. 4W (5%), 2d (over
99, lid), 100 off per value 13/9. 4W (10%). 2d (over 99. IJd), 100 off per
value 13/9. 4W (5%), 2id (over 99. 2d). 100 off per value 15/6.
SEMICONDUCTORS: OAS, OABI, 1/9. OC44, OC45, OC7I, OC8I,
OC6ID, OC82D, 2/-. OC72, 2/3. ^OCI70. OCI7I. 2/6, AFilS, AFII6, EITHER WRITE,
AFII7. 3/-. OC73, 3/3. OCI40. 4/3.
SILICON RECTIFIERS (0-5A): 170 P.I.V.. 2/9. 400 P.I.V., J/-. 800
P.i.V., 3/3. 1,250 P.I.V.. 3/9. 1,500 P.I.V., 4/-.
SWITCHES (Chrome finish. Silver contacts): 3A 250V, 5A 125V. TELEPHONE or CALL to . . .
Push Buttons: Push-on or Push-off (with white, black, green or red buttons)
S/-. Toggle Switches: SP/ST, 3/3. SP/DT, 3/6. SP/DT (with centre
position) 3/9. DP/ST, 4/3. DP/DT, 5/-.
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (Vero).
0-1 Sin Matrix; 3iin X 2iin, 3/3. Siin X 24in, 3/11. 34in x ajin, 3/H. STUDENT ELECTRONIC SERVICES
Sin x 3Jin, 5/6.
0*1 Matrix; 3iin X liin, 4/-. Sin X 24in,4,'6. 3}in X 3iin, 4/6. SinxSJin,
5/3. 196 Regent Road, Salford 5, Lanes.
RECORDING TAPE (Finest quality MYLAR—almost unbreakable). .
Standard Piay: Sin, 600ft. 7/6. Siin, 850ft, 10/6. 7in. 1.200ft, 12/6.
Long Play: 3in. 225fc. 4/-. Sin, 900ft. 10/6. Siin. l.200ft, 13/-, 7in.
1,800ft. 18/-. Tel. 061-872 5187
Send 5.A.E. for May, 196B Catalogue
816
difference between the effective mass and the actual ELECTRON BUNCHING
mass varies with different semiconductors and also In the Gunn Effect, it was later found that when the
with the energy levels of the electron. GaAs rod is biased into the negative resistance region,
Considering the movement of an electron in a semi- and begins to emit microwaves, a bunch of electrons
conductor, using its effective mass instead of its actual collects at one end of the rod near the contact and
mass, the effect of the atomic nuclei on the electron travels to the other end. As soon as it reaches the
can be taken into account automatically. The effective other end, another bunch forms at the first end and the
mass of an electron at any point on the energy- process repeats itself. This occurred in step with the
momentum diagram is related to-the slope of the curve oscillations; in fact, it seemed to determine the
at that point. frequency of the oscillations.
. Thus in a semiconductor, whose energy-momentum The electrons in the rod when it is in the negative
diagram looks like that in Fig. 28b, the effective masses resistance region do not behave like normal electrons in
of the electrons at the bottom of the conduction band is a normal positive resistance material. In a positive
less than those at the bottom of the conduction band of resistance material a bunch of electrons will be dispersed
a semiconductor with an energy-momentum diagram of in a short time. In a negative resistance material, as
gentler slope like that in Fig. 28c. the electrons travel along in the material due to the
voltage applied to the material, any slight bunching up
leads to a greater accumulation of electrons. This is
ENERGY-MOMENTUM CURVE because the bunching up creates a higher field in the
Gallium arsenide has an energy-momentum curve area of the bunch due to the electrons' own charges.
with a drastic slope (Fig. 28b). The electrons at the This higher field affects the electrons in and near the
bottom of the conduction band have a small effective bunch, which then slow down because of the negative
mass. velocity-field slope. Thus instead of dispersing, a
Now, GaAs also has secondary curves of further accumulation of electrons takes place and what
gentler slope higher up in its energy-momentum is known as a domain forms and travels across the rod.
diagram (Fig. 29a). If we apply a voltage to a GaAs
slice, the electrons having a small effective mass are DOMAIN FORMATION
easily moved and the current across the slice increases. The actual nature of the domain is an accumulation
As they are accelerated by the voltage, they gain energy of electrons preceded by a layer depleted of electrons.
and they rise up the curve on the diagram. We show The overall number of electrons in the rod remains the
the rise only on one side of the momentum axis as they same (Fig. 31).
are accelerated and gain momentum only in one
direction—that due to the applied voltage.
As they approach the levels of the secondary curve,
they begin to get transferred to the energy levels there. SECONDARY CURVES
This is because the energy levels there are much more
numerous than the energy levels on the main curve at
the same height (Fig. 29b).
Once they are on the bottom of the secondary curve, -ELECTRONS
their effective masses are much larger as the slope of the
secondary curve is much gentler. As a result, their
velocity decreases, since an object with a large mass is
harder to move than an object with a small mass. As Fig. 29a Fig. 29b
we further increase the voltage, more and more electrons
get transferred to the secondary curve and the overall
velocity of the electrons decreases. The velocity-
electric field curve thus has a negative slope (Fig. 30).
The electron current will thus decrease with increasing
applied voltage, and the GaAs slice exhibits negative ELECTRONS BEING TRANSFERRED
resistance.
EFFECTIVE CAPACITANCE
We may look at the high frequency limitation of the
Gunn Effect device from another angle. The domain
consists of a layer of accumulated electrons having a
negative charge relative to the rest of the rod, and a
depleted layer having a net positive charge. This is
like a charged capacitor because the accumulated TOP CONTACT LAYER
charge depends on the external applied field. ACTIVE
Thus like the tunnel diode, the Gunn Effect device is G« Ai
LAYER
frequency-limited by this effective capacitance. How-
ever, it is able to oscillate in the microwave region of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
818
R.S.T, VALVE MAIL ORDER CO.
PHOTOELECTRIC KIT BLACKWOOD HALL. WELLF1ELD RD., S.W.16
CONTENTS: 2 P.C. Chmii Boards, CHemkals, G»«hfng Manual, Infra- Special 24 Hour Mail Order Service
Red Photftransiieor, Latching Relay, 2 Trantiston, Condenser, Resistors, AZ31 9/6 KT67 461- 0CII42 20/6 12Q7GT 4/6 2N2904A12/6 OEX641 15/-
Gainneed
you Control, Terminal
to build Block. Elegant
a Steady-Light Case, Screws, etc. In fact
Ph D to-Switch/Counter/Burg everything
I ir Alarm, etc. BTJOO S/6 KT8117C6) 0CH81
(Project No. t) which can be modified for modulated-light operation. OIC 20/- 16/- 00082 6/9 2001 17/- 2(72996 6/8 GEX94X
8/- 20F4 19/- 2NS819 13/- GJ3M 31- 3/6
OV30 16/3
DAF91 4/- KT81(0EC) 00083 10/- 20pe
UF4I 10/- 2BZ4 18/- 2S002 20/- OJ6M 3/6
PHOTOELECTRIC KIT 38/- 6/3 2S003
DAP9S 8/9 KT88 27/6 UF89 7/6 26Z50T V- 28004 11/- 0J7M 3/6 12/- aj6M 3/6
39/6 DCC9Q 11- KTW61 10/- 0041 9/6 25Z9GT 8/6 23005 48/- HD2987 41-
DT91 31- ETW82
ML4 10/- 17/0 UL84 H- 30C18 13/8 2SC06 20/- HO6002 41-
DFM 6/9 4/6 N78 16/- 0Y4X
Postage & Pack. 2/6 (UK) DH77 UY8S V- 6/6 30C1? U/~
13/6 28012
300X8 14/-
80/- JKOA 22/6
28012A 68/- JK10A
Commonwealth; DK91 8/6 PC86 11/6
DKM 8/- PC88 11/6 VE106/30 6/- 30FL1 16/- 230IS
VP4B 261- 30F8 20/-
60/- JK10B 16/-
16/-
SURFACE MAIL 3/6 DK98 7/9 PCS' 8/9 VBISO/SO 61- 25018 JK19A 22/6
DL6e 16/- PC900 0/0 wai 30PLI2 16/- 28108
61- 3OF014 13/6 23301 60/- JK21A
KS36A 12/6
AIR MAIL £1.0.0 D193 4/9 PCC84 8/3 Z66 161- 30L16 15/3 28320 12/6 9/- HATIOI 61-
8/8
S.Australia, New Zealand.
Africa/ Canada & U.5.A. 5L84 6/9 PCC89 11/- 2319 261- 30017 14/- 23702
ELS 6 7/6 PCC189 11/6 2769 23/- 30P13 12/- 450 45/- NKT128 15/- MAT120 7/9
6/-
DL810 PCF80 11- Z803U 16/- 30P19 13/— AC 107 10/- NKT142 81-
- Also Essential Data Circuits DLB19 13/6
and Plans for Building DL3I9 30/-
30/-
PCF88 9/- OA2
FCF801 10/- OB2 6/3 30PL1 15/- AC128 6/6 KKT211 81-
61- 30PL13 15/- AC 127 KKT214 41-
12 PHOTOELECTRIC PROJECTS. (I) Steady-Light Photo-Switch/Alarm. (2) DwsSou 7(6 PCF802 10/- 003
pysa 6/- PCF808 13/6 OZ4 6/6 30PL14 15/- AC 198 7/8 6/6 NKT216
NKT217 7/8
Modulated-Light Alarm, (3) Long-Range Stray-light Alarm. (4) Relay-Less DY87 «/- PCL82 7/9 1B3QT 4/6 35L6GT 6/9 AC176 7/6
36W4 4/6 ACYJ7 NXT218
81-
Alarm. (5) Warbiiog-Tone Alarm, (6) Closed-Loop Alarm.* (7) Projector
Stjbiliter. (8) Electronic Projector Modulator. (9) Mains Power Supply.
Lamp PCL83 9/3 XK5
B08CC 12/- PCL84 7/9 2D2I 61- 3SZ4GT 61-
6/6 6/6 ACY18 7/6
6/8 NKT221 6/-
6/8
ZlSOT 17/9 FCL85 9/3 3B26 20/- 60CD6O 50CG 6/3 ACyi9 6/6 NKT223
(10) Car Parking Lamp Switch. (II) Automatic Headlamp Dipper. (12) Super. E18BCC 31/- ACy20 61- NKT224 81- 4/6
Sensitive Alarm. EABC80 22/6
7/-
10/-
PCL86 91- 326
PENB4 20/- 3B2S 11-
40/- 80 ACY21 61- NKT223
61- ACY2S
26/- NKT227 3/8
EATAS 86AI
EB91 SH PEN45DB12/- SC46 65/- 86A2 7/3 ACy28 4/8 NKT22a 6/- 3/0 6/6
INVISIBLE BEAM OPTICAL KIT EBCS3 11- PFL200 14/- 4XI60A 96/- 90AG le/j NKT251 61-
EBC41 9/9 PX-36 10/- 6B40Y 8/9 90 A V 46/- 45/- AD140
n
-S7it'
and I * Receiver (asplywood)
Photocell for building; I. Invisible-Beam Projector
illustrated). AD16X 11/- NKX268 9/8
Alkrms, Counters* Door Openers, ecc. Suitable for all Photoelectric Burglar EBC90 4/6
EBF80 7/- PL81
5040 41- 96C1 12/- AF114 8/6 KKT274 51-
CONTENTS; 2 lenies. 2 mirrors, 2 45-degree
?rejector lamp holder, building plans, performancewooden blocks. Infra-red
data. etc. Price filter.
19/6. BBF83 8/3 PL82 61- 7/8 8V4G
6Y30T 6/6 61- ooca
900V 25/-
25/- AFX16
AF116 6/6
NKT304 61-
61- NKT362 81-
ostage and Pack. 1/6 (UK). Commonwealth; Surface Maif.2/-.j Air Mail B/-. BBF89 6/6 PL84 16/- 6/9 5Z4G 6/9 1S0B2
160B3 9/6
NKT404 12/9
AF1X7 6/0 NKT463
EBL21 11/- PLSOO 6/30L2 13/- 8/6 AFiia 10/- 12/6
EBL3I 27/6 PX4 U/- 6AKB 4/6 801 6/- AF12S .VKT675 61-
6/3 XKT076
JUNIOR PHOTOELECTRIC KIT BCC33 16/- PX2S 12/6 6AK6 6/6
PY32 9/6 6 A 05 3/~ 807 803 AP178 12/6
35/- AF186 61-
Versatile Invisible-beam, Relay-tess, Steady-light Photo-Switch, Burglar ECC40. 161- PY33 9/6 6AM6 3/6 811 35/- 17/8 NKT677
11- AFYIO 22/0 NKT679 61-
PP®ne''i Counter, BCC81 3/9 6h
CONTENTS: (nfra-Red Sensitiveetc., for the Experimenter.
Phptotransistor. 3 Transistors, Chassis, BCC82 4/9 PYSI
ECC83 6/3 PYS2
6/6 6AN8 10/- 813
61- 6AQ4 41- 866A
75/- .48220 7/0 NKT713
13/6 ASZ21 12/6 NKT777 7/8
81-
Plastic Case, Rosistprs. Screws, etc.. Full Site Plans, Instructions, Data PY83 6/6 8AQ5 61- 872A 67/6 ASZ23 30/- OA6
ECC85 B/- PY800 31-
Sheet 10 Advanced Photoelectric Designs".
Priee 19/6. Postage and Pack. 1/6 (UK). Commonwealth 2/-; Air Mail 4/-. ECC88 11- 10/- 6A8C 6/6 6851 7/6 ATZIO 30/- OA? 41-
SOF80 PYS01 10/- 6A87 161- 6664
6/6 PZ30 81- A0Y1O 39/6 OA10 31-
ECF82 11- QQV02/6 10/- 8ATC •4/6 6672 BC107 7/0 OA47
JUNIOR OPTICAL KIT ECH36 11/- QQV0S/10
46/- 6AU0 61- 6087 10/- 11- BCioa 61- OA70 31- 21-
2/6
CONTENTS: 2 Lenses, Infra-red Filter,I miniature
Lampholder, Bracket, ECE42 11/- 6B40 161- 6691 25/- BC109 7/0 OA79
Everything (except plywood) to build invisible beamPlans, etc.
projeetor ECH81 6/9 QQV03/2030/- 0BA6
KCE83 8/6 6BE6 61- 6763 101- BCy33 7/6 OA86 2/6
61- 6749 10/- BCV31 13/6 0A81
2/6
and photocell receiver.
wealth:.Surface Mail 7J-i Price 16/6.4/-,Postage and Pack. )/6 (UK). Common-
Air Mail ECL80 11- QQV04/1S108/- BBHO 01- 7/6 6942 65/- BCY34 61- OA86 2/6 41-
KCL82 H- 1061- 6BJ8
8BK4 6963 10/- BCY38 241- OA91
ECL93 10/3 QQV06/40 27/6 6067 10/- BC¥40 121- OA202 3/3
OA200
ECL88 91- 90/ 6BN6
6BQ7A 11- 7/6 6068 10/- BCZ11 61- OA210 4/3
18/- BDY11 7/8
ECLL8TO30/- 8/6 6089 61- BDY12 27/8
PRINTED CIRCUIT KIT EP9 20/- QQV6/10 70,'- 6BR7 0060 32/- OAZ200
OAZ201 11/-
10/-
EF37A V- QS70/20 6/6 6BR8 6/8 6061 121- BFY61 3/8 OA2202
6B87 16/9 6062 14/- BFY52 4/6 OAZ204 8/6
BUILD 46 INTERESTING PROJECTS on a PRINTED CIRCUIT EP38 10/-61- Q376/20 6/6 8BW0 8/6
CHASSIS with PARTS and TRANSISTORS from your SPARES BOX EF41
BF80 61- QS7fi/60 20/- 68177 14/-
14/- 6063 11- BPVJ0 21/6 OAZ209 8/6
CONTENTS:
box Radio. (3)(I)I2 Board
CopperforLaminate
Wristwatch BoardsRadio,
*i' x etc.
2i*. (2)
(4) IResist.
Board for(5) Match-
Resist BF86 6/9 QS83/3 7/3 004 2/9 6004
0066 11- B3Y27
01- B8Y28 9/6 OAZ208 6/6
6/-
EF89 61- Q892/10
QS96/10 41- flCB6 61- 6067 101- BSYSX 7/6 OAZ2a4 0AZ222 9/6
Solvent, (6) Etchant, (7) Cleanser/Degreaser. (8) 16-page Booklet Primed EF91 3/6 QS108/45 6/6 OCDOG 22/- 6080 251- BSY63 7/6 OAZ226 10/-
Circuits for Amateurs, (9) 2 Miniature Radio Dials SW/MW/LW. Alto free
with each kit. (10) Essential Design Data. Circuits, Chassis Plans, etc. for sm 2/6 QS160/1S 16/-
81- 6CH0
6C0O 8/6 8/0 6090 81- BSY00A 6/6 OAZ242 10/-
40 TRANSISTORISED PROJECTS. BF98 10/-
EF183 6/86/6 QS160/S6
6146
QS160/30 61- 6CW4 12/- 9003 25/- BSX82 40/- OAZ246 4/6
01- BTY88 19/0 OAZ290 4/6
Aandvery comprehensive selection 9/6
constructional ability. Manyofrecently
circuitsdeveloped
to suit everyone's requirements
very efficient designs BF184
EF804 21/- QS160/45 20/- 6DK9
6D4 15/- InANSiolUXS
01- BTYSSIOOE
140/- OAZ292 9/6
published for the first^timr. including 10 new circuits. EFF60 10/- 8F23 13/0 IN21 3/6 BYI00 6/- OC1S 20/-
EXPERIMENTER'S EBB-0 7/6 20/- 6F24 12/- IK22 61- BY114 6/_ 0019 7/6
EL33
EL34 12/6 Q9150/80 6F26 12/-
11/6 05429 32/0
17/6 BYZ11 9/6 OC20 16/-
10/6 QS1209 20/6 7/3 6F29
6J50 2/6 lit 1192 13/9 BY212 12/-
PRINTED CIRCUIT KIT EL41 10/-
EL42 QV03-ia 10/- 6J6 91- XN3065
18113 BVZ13 7/6 OC22
4/6 BYZI8 15/- 0023 10/-
11/6
8/6 10/-
ELS I 7/9 QV04-7 12/6 6J7Q 4/9 13131 4/3 CDTI31312/6 OC25 0h OC24 16/-
i'Wt L'ta EL84 4/9 QVC5-25 11- 6K70 21- IS420R 12/6 CG64 2/6 OC28 11-
Postage & Pack. 1/6 (UK) ELBA 7/6 QV06-20 6K80 31- 2152 4/3 CK707 2/8 0028 121-
Commonwealth: EL8S 7/5 H17 EXO 26/- 16/- 806O 7/6 2G210 12/6 CP.SI/0S 7/8 OC29 151-
BL90 8/- 6Q70
SURFACE MAlLl/- EL95 61- 6/6 R18 7/8 6807 «/- 61- 2G309
2G381
51-
6/- CV103 3/0 0C3S
0C3B 12/6
AIR MAIL 8/- EL360 22/- RI9 7/9 6SJ7M V- 4/9 2G382 61- CV103
CV426 3/0
3/6 OC41 12/661-
Australia, New Zealand, ELMO 20/6 RG6/500 80/- 6S07GT 2G401 61- CV222B 20/- OC42 61-
South Africa. Canada EL821 «/- 3130 361- OSNVGT 4/6 2G403 61- CV2258 26/-
6760 4/6 2G403 10/6 C\'2290 6/- OC44 41- 0043 01-
ELS 22 16/- 3P4i
SISOP 36/- a/6 3/8 2G414 61- CV3919 2/8 OC44M 6/6
(I) Crystal Set with biased'Detector, (2) Crystal Set with volcage-quadrupler KLLflO
EM34 20/- SP61 3/0 0X4 4/6
detector. (3) Crystal Set with Dynamic Loudspeaker, (4) Crystal Tuner with EM80 7/6 STV2a0/40 8X6G
26/— 6X6GT 61- 2G415 6/- CV2848 2/6 OC45 3/8
Audio Amplifier. (5) Carrier Power Conversion Reeeiver. (6) Split-Load 20416 6/6 CV1782 301- OC48M 41-
NeutralisedTriple
Double Reflex. EM81 7/9 STV280/8025/- 7B6
7B7 11/6 7/6 20417
2S247 61- 9/6 CITISS 301- OC46 6/6
FLEXON" Reflex with(7)self-adjusting
Matchbox regeneration
or Photocell (Patent
Radio. Pending).
(8) "TRI- EM84 26/-
BN32 7/6 86/- 708 10/- 2S274 9/6 DD003
DBX90 3/6 OC47 18/-
9/0 0067 7/6
(9) Solar Battery Loudspeaker Radio. The smallest 3 designs yet offered to EYai 7/6 8C2160 12/6 708 18/- 2S4I0 3/6 DD226A 7/9 OC68 17/6
the
based Homo
on Constructor anywhere
the "Triflexon" in theWorld.
circuit. Let us know3 Su bmin
if youia cure
knowRadio
of Receivers
a smaller EY81 V- SHaiOOA 12/6 7H7 6/6 251555 12/6 EW99 6/- OC69 18/6
design published anywhere. {10) Postage Scamp Radio. Size only I -62' x -95* EY83 8/6 tri9
U24 36/0 24/- 7737 20/- 211685
2S599 7/6 GET7 OC70 41-
61- 0071
X -25*. (II) Wristwatch Radio ITS' x -BO" X 55*. (12) Ring Radio -70' X EY84 7/6 1126 13/6 11E3
8/6
10F1S 15/6 21*696 12/8
¥4 GETS 81- 316
EY86 01- 11- 10/- GET16 7/8 OC72
'70' X -SS*. (13) Bacteria-powered Radio. Runs on sugar or bread. (14) Radio
Control Tone Receiver. (15) Transistor EZ41 101- 026
BZ40 13/6 42/-
10/- 2N697 12/6
6/6 GET20 10/- OC73 61- 7/6
I-valve Amplifier, (IB) Reliable BurglarP/P Amplifier.
Alarm. (16) Intercom,Animal,
(19) Light-Seeking (17)
E280 6/6 0404
0191 13/-
0301 16/3 12AC6
12AD6 11/-
21(700A
2N1040 20/- GET88
GET102 8/-
61- OC74
0075
6/-
81-
Guided Missile. (20) Perpetual Motion Machine. (21) Metal
Transistor Tester. (23) Human Body Radiation Detector. (24) Man/Woman Detector. (22) EZ81 6/8 11/9 12AE8 9/6 2N1132 19/8 GET114 41- 0075 01-
Discriminator. (25) Signal Injector.(28)(26)Remote
PocketControl
Transceiver (Licence required). OTIC 67/8 VABC80
0230 10/- 0801 23/6 12AT7 4/6 2N1301
61- 12AT6 6/6 GET116 01- OC77 B/-
(27) Constant Volume Intercom. of Models by Induction. OZ32 9/6 0AF42 10/3 12A07 3/9 4/9 2171304 61- GET116 15/- OC78 61-
(29) Inductive-Loop Transmitter. (30) Pocket Triple Reflex Radio- (31) Wrist-
watch Trantmitter/Wire-less Microphone. (32) Wire-less Door Bell. (33) 0234 111- OBC41 8/6 12AX7 6/3 2N2062 7/6 OET571
26(2068 20/- GET872 61- 0081 61-
61- 0C81D 31-
Ultrasonic Switch/Alarm. (34) Stereo Preamplifier. (35) Quality OZ37 17/6 0BC81 8/3 12BA6 2N2147 12/6 GET874
0BF8O 6/8 12BK6 6/9 2N2160 15/0 QBT876 81- 0081DM
6/- 61- 31-
Pull Amplifier. (36) Light-Beam Telephone "Photophone". (37)Stereo Push-
Light-Beam H63 18/- UBP89
HL41DD 13/6 7/3 J2E1 17/6 2N2369A 30/- 4/6 GET880 »/- 0C81M
OCS1Z 6/6
01-
Transmitter, (38) Silent TV Sound Adaptor. (39) Ultrasonic Transmitter. KT81 0CC86 11- 12K7GT OC82
(40) Thyristor Drill Speed Controller. KT6a 17/6 OCH21 9/6 12K80T 81- 2N2904 10/- GEX84 216 OC780 61-
12/6 61- ZN2398 GBT886 61-
2/6
YORK ELECTRICS All valves and transistors brand new and boxed
333 YORK ROAD, LONDON, S.W.11 Postage 6d. valve, transistors post free
Sod a S.A.E. for full details, a brief description and Photographs of oil Kits ond OPEN DAILY TO CALLERS 9 a m.—S.30 p.m. No early dosing
oil 52 fiodio. Eiectron/c and Photoelectric Projects Assembled, C.W.O. No C.O.D. Tel 01.769 0199 & 1649
SEND S.A.E. FOR FREE LIST Of 6,000 TYPES VALVES AND TRANSISTORS
819
GET THIS SPECIAL PACK NOW AND
* FEATURES
2 DETACHABLE
PLUS DATA SHEETS
• m
other constroct/oficr/ articles include:
CRYSTAL MICROPHONE MATCHING UNIT
# INFINITE RESISTANCE VOLTMETER
m ULTRA-SENSITIVE LIGHT OPERATED SWITCH
From your newsagent price 3/-, or 3/6 inclusive of postage, from Data Publications Ltd.
57 Maida Vale, London, W.9
820
While the GaAs is in this section it has a normal
positive resistance; thus the electrons do not
accumulate to form a domain but will disperse in the
normal way. The formation and existence of the
domain can only take place between each swing into the
positive resistance region, when the GaAs is back in the
negative resistance region.
VISUAL!
SxcJtihq
CIO I
MJOol nfc aooa
C39
ISOp I
3— SB il* ISOp
—QL)—
POST NOW i To: BRITISH NATIONAL RADIO SCHOOL, READING, BERKS. Please
send your free Brochure, without obligation, to: we do not employ representatives
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FREE BROCHURE 1 NAME BLOCK CAPS
1 or write if you prefer nat to cut paje I ADDRESS I PLEASE PE II
I I. '
822
TRANSISTOR STEREO 8 + 8 MK 6in-14/--BRAXD FEW8in.87/-;
GJln. 18/8; 8 OHM7LOUDSPEAKERS
x 4ia.lB/8; 10 x 6in. 27/8. SPECIAL OFFER!
B.M.I. 8 x 6in, with high flux magnet 21/-. B.M.I. 13} x
ein. with high flu* ceramic magnet 42/- (15 ohm 45/-).
E.M.I.
network.13Sorl6ohm54giu.P.4P.5iD.2/-,ei
x Sin. with two Inbuilt tweoters and icrossover 8ln,2/6,
10 4 12in. 8/6 per speaker. A great oppor-
tunity to pur-
BRAND HEW. 12in. 15W H/D Speakers, 3 or 16 ohms. chaee a first class
By well-known British maker. Now with HI
ferrobar magnet assembly. 35,19,6. P. 4 P. C/-. Onltar Fin*ceramic GENERAL
PURPOSE,
Models:8Jln.
E.M.I. 25w.HEAVY
£6: 36w,DDT*£8. TWEETBRfl. Powerful cera- HXQH
HIGH GAIN, SEN-
mic
18/8 magnet.
each. P. Available
4 P. 2/6. In 8 or S ohms 16/- each; IB ohms SITIVITY,
12in. ,'RA" TWIN CONE LOUDSPEAKER. 10 vratte peak PORTABLE
AMPLIFIER. it
Now uehig Silicon Transletors in Dret Qvo atages on CACh handling, 8or 36ohm. 85/-. P. 4 P. S/9. Completely self
channel resulting in even lower noise level with Improved 85 OHM SPEAKERS contained and can
eeneltlrtty. A really flret-class
WBeB 14 transistors Hi-FIpush
giving 8 watts Stereopoll
AmpllBer
outputKit.
per Stio, 12/9; 7 x4tn. 21/-. P. 4 P. 2/- pet speaker. be used for a variety
channel OBW mono). Integrated pre-amp. with- Bass, ol purposes, I.e. Intercom.
Treble and Vblome controls. Suitable for use with Baby Alatra, Booster unit for
Ceramic or Crystal cartridges. Output stage for any VTHAEtt
FABRICS app.AND541n.REXISE SPEAKERS
wide, Usually 36/- yd,,AND CABINET
our price 18/6 transistor radios etc., also Ideal for claascoom
speakers from 3 to 15 ohms, Compaet design, all parts yd. length. P, 4 P. 2/6 (mfn. I yd.). S.A.E, for samples. unit etc, Works
Impedance Dynamicperfectly
Microphonewith(80/-).
our special
Outputoflcc High
lOOOmW.
supplied including drilled metal work. Cir-Kit board, Uses standard 9 volt battery. Smart two tone carry log
attractive
no extras tofront
buy.panel,
Simpleknobs,
step bywire,
stepsolder, nuts, bolts—
insiructlons enable case sizecontrols,
12 x 4 x 91n. fittedspeaker.
standard Input Jackbnllt
socket,
any LATEST C0LLAR0
speeds MAONATOX
4 track, takes893upSTEREO TAPE volume 7 x 4ln. Completely and
Briefconstroctor
apeolfloatloo:to Freq.
holld response
an ampliaer± 3dB.to be proud ol.
SO-SO.OOOc/s. DECK. Three
Send S.A.E. for latest prices.
to 7In. spools. tested, brand new with lull maker's guarantee.
Bass boost appro*, to +12i!B. Treble cut appro*, to B.8.R. TD2.4-TRACK STEREO TAPE DECK. Send S.A.E.
—16dB. Negative feedback I8dB over main amp. for latest price. Only 79/6
Bower
PBICES:requirements
AMPHFXER 25VKITat 6'6£10,10.0:
amp, POWER PACK QUALITY PORTABLE TAPE RECORDER CASE.
KIT £3.0.0; CABINET *8.0.0. AH Postand
Free. Brand new. Beautiful iy made. Only 49/6. P. 4 P. 8/6.
Circuit dlagnun. construction details parts list (free Dnal Purpose Balk Tsps Enter ana Tape Head Demagnet- STEREO AMPLIFIER
with kit) I.'«. (S.A-E.). Isar
ACOS 86/-« P. 4 P.MIKES.
CRYSTAL 3/».
High sensitivity, 18/6. P. *High imp. for desk or hand use.
P. 1/8. Incorporating
wound mains 2transformer.
ECLSfi's andOutput
1 HZ80.4 heavy
watte duty, double
per channel.
SPECIAL PURCHASE! ACOS HIGH IMPEDANCE CRYSTAL STICK MIKES. Full tone and volume contrnla. Abaotutely complete.
E.H.I. 4-SPEED PLATER Listed at 42/-. OUR PRICE 21/-. P. 4 P. 1/6. ONLY
Heavy 8}ln.performance
metal turntable. SPECIAL
on/ofl OFFER!
nrftch MOVING
lor remote COILHigh
control. STICK MIKE.High
quality. Pitted
or
Low flutter 200/ low impedance. (State Imp. required). BARGAIN PRICE £5.9.6
260 V shaded motor (00 V 30/-. P. 4 P. 2/6. P. 4 P. 8/..
tap). Complete with latest Super De-
luxe ver-
type lightweight pick-up am HEW elon with
and mono cartridge with t/o
stylil for LP/TS. LIMITED 12 volt.S.T.O,
resistance 4 s/p,
183
TYPE
ohms.
85 MIHIATDRK
e/o Size
contacla.
appro*.1 JXIIX
amp rating.RELAYS— Coil
liln. high.
EC L8 6
valves,
NUMBER ONLY 93/-. P. * 10/- each. P. 4 P. 1/6. sep. base,
P. 6/C. treble and
4-gPEED RECORD PLAYER BAEGAIHS Also some similar to above but coil reaUtance 5,800 balance con-
ohms 48 volt operation. 81- each. P. 4 P. 1/8. trols. Full feedback,
Hains models. All brand new in maker's packing. 8 gns. P. 4 P. 8/-.
E.X.I. SPECIAL OFFER I PLESSEY TYPE 29 TWIN TUHIHS
momfedMODEL 998 and
pick-up arm Single
monoPUyst with unit £5.5.0
cartridge GANG. 400pP
8:1 integral slow+motion.
I46pF. Suitable
Fitted forwithnominal
trimmer* and
470 kc/a HIGH GAIN 4 TRANSISTOR
B.s.E. DA25 with latest mono compstible cart,.. £8.19,8 I.F. Sire appro*. 2xlx){ln. Only 8/6. P. 4 P. 2/8. PRINTED CIRCUIT
All ping Carriage end Packing 6/8. MAINS TRANSFORMER. For transistor power supplies. AMPLIFIER KIT
id^S3000.
LQ.ABAT80
^ASDetc.*0DELS. Ptl. 200/240V. Sec.Sec. 12-0-12
9-0-9 atat600mA. Type TA1out-
8P25,
PneesI
All types
Send 8.A.E, avaUable
for latest 1000
Bargain Pri,200/240V, 1 amp. 11/-,
14/6.P.P. 44 P.P. 2/6.
2/6. • Peak
put in exces*
Pfi. 200/244V. Sec. 10-0-10 at 2 amp. 27/6. P. 4 P. 3/S. of If watt*. 4*3
MATCHED
AND OUTPUT PAIRTRANSFORMERS.
OF 2} WATT TRANSISTOR
Stack alze DRIVER
lixljx •dardAllBritish
stan-
LATEST BAR.aapphira
With turnover X1K HOBO styll COMPATIBLE CARTEIDQE
soitable lot playing 78, HP, |in. Ontput trans, tapped for S ohm end IB ohm output. xje-
LPjim Stereo records with mono equipment. DULY 22/8. 10/-pair plus 2/-P. 4 P. components.
PABMEKO 7-10 watt OUTPUT TRANSFORMERS to • Built on
match printed circuit panel size 9 x 3hi.
SOBOTOBE BTAHC compatible Stereo CartrWee with 7-6 andpair of ECLSZ's
16 ohm. In push-pull.
Stack size 2) x 1 x2in.See.appro*.
tappedONLY
8'76, • Generous size Driver and Output Ttanslormets.
• Output•transformer
diamond stylos 50/-. P. & P. 2/-. 12/-, P. 4 P. 8/-.
7-10 wattinOUTPUT TRANSFORMERS to match ■peakers. Tranaiatorstapped
(GET114foror3 91ohm and 15OCBID
Mullard ohm
MOHO I/O
sapphire styll.CAETRtDOE.
Brand new 12/6.Complete with LP A 78
P. 4 P. 9/-. ECLSS's
P. 4 P. 2/9. push-pull to 3 ohm output. ONLYpair11/-,
of and matched pair of OC81 o/p). • 9 volt operation.
• Everything supplied, wire, battery clips, solder, ete-
raw OHLY! ACOS OT69/1. For EP and LP 10/-, P. * P. BRAND NEW240V HAINS TRANSFORMERS tor 6-SV
Bridge • Ccmprebensirt easy to follow instructions and circuit
Rectifier. Pri. AC. Sec. 240V at 60mA and At diagram
SPECIAL2/8 (Free45/-.
PRICE withP.Kit).
4 P. All
3/-.parts sold separately.
Also ready built and
1-6 amp.quotation*
(Special Stack sizefor2IxJx2iln.
quantities). 10/8. P. * P. 3/6. tested, 62/9. P. 4 P. 3/-.
fiCALlTYrecord
A top-qoality RECORD
playerPLATER
amplifierAKPLmER
employing heavy
doty PM/AM TUNER HEAD
E280 doable wound raatna
valves. Separate transformer,
Baas, Treble ECC83,controls.
and Volume EL84. NEON
out ilieA.C.
1} xMAIHS.INDICATOR. For panelWhite
) x Jin. deep Inc. terminal. mounting, cut
case with Beautifully designed and pre-
cision engineered by Dormer 4
Complete with output transformer matched lor 3 ohm lens giving brighter light. For mains 200/330V. 8/8 each. Wadsworfh Ltd. Supplied
speaker. Sire 710, w. x Sd. x 6 h. Beady built and tested. P. 4 P. 6d. (6 or more post free). ready fitted with twin •0006
PRICE 76/-. P. 4 P. 61-. tuning
ALSO AVAILABLE mounted on board with output
Iranaformer and speaker ready to fit into cabinet below. nection.condenser
Preollgnedfor AM
KM con-
sec-
PRICE 97/8. P. 4 P. 7/6. 8 x 6 xHIGH
A In. GRADE
PI V E forCOPPER
10/-. P. LAMINATE
4 P. 2/-. BOARDS tion covers 88-102Mc/s. I.F.
output lO-rMo/s. Complete
DE LUXE VTALITY PORTABLE R/P CABINET with ECC86 (6L12) valve and
Uncut motorWill
boardtake
sizeabove
141 xamplifier
12te., clearance
and any2In. below, full circuitenables
diagram
SJtn. above.
QAB8ARD autochanger or Single Player
B.S.H.
Unit
or
(except
BRAND
(Matched NEW TRANSISTOR
Pair) 16/-; BARGAINS.
VlS/lOp, 10/-; OFT 9/-!
0C71 6/-; OC76 15 purchase us toofoffer
tunerthese
head. Another
at 27/8 each.special
P. 4 P.bulk
3/-.
ATM and $P26). Sire 18 x 16 x Sin. PRICE £3.9.8. API!7 7/8. GOELEE F.M. TUNER HEAD. 88-100 Mc/s. 10-7 Mc/s.
P. 4 P. 9/6. Set ol Mullard 8 trunaistors OC44, 2—OC45, AC128D, I.F. 15/- plus 2/6 P. 4 P. (ECC85 valves, 8/8 extra).
matched
istor PackpairAC128D
AC128 26/-;
and Mullard
matchedLFH3 pair Audio
ACI28Trans-
12/6;
ORP12 Cadmium Sulphide Cell 10/8. All post free. 10/14 WATT HI-FI
AMPLIFtEE KIT
HARVERSON'S SUPER MONO Amonaural
stylishlyamplifier
finished
AMPLIFIER S-VALVEMODEL AUDIO HA34
A super quality gram amplifier using a double wound AMPLIFIER with an output of
maina transformer, EZ80 rectifier and ECL82 triode Designed for HI-FI
tion of records. A.C. reproduc-
Maina 14 watte
EL848 from 2
in push-pull.
pentode valve
Impedance as audioOutput
3 ohms. amplifier and power
appro*. outputVolume
3-5 watts. stage. operation. Super reproduction
plated heavyReady gaugehulllmetal
on of both music and -jm.
Bin.high overall. AC malba 200/240V. Supplied absolutelyx
and tone controls. Chassis sire only Tin. wide x 31n. deep chassis, size 7J In w. x 4ln. d. x speech,hum.
gible withSeparate
negli-
Brand New completely wired and tested with valves and 4Sln. h. Incorporatea ECCSS,
gwd.qoalHy outpnt transformer. LIMITED NUMBER EL84, double
duty, EZ80 yalvca.
wound Heavy
maine Inputsallow
gram for mike and
records
OUR ROCS BOTTOM p.&p. a transformer and output trans- and announcements
BAH GAIN PRICE 49/6 8/- former matched for 3 ohm to follow each other.
speaker,
tive separate
feedback line.Bass, Treble
Output 4) and volume
waits. Frontcontrols. Nega-
panel can bo Folly shroudedspeaker
match 3-16(1 sectionand wound outputvolume
2 independent (rassformet to
controls,
8twoWATT detached and lends extended lor remote mounting ol and separate bass and treble controls are provided giving
EL84 valves. Suitable for use with tunerEZ80
AMPLlfUSB. Push Pull using ECC83, and
or gram. controls. Complete with knoba.
tested for only £4,6.0. P. 4 P, 9/-, valves, etc.. wired and good 1J ft and cut. Valveline-up 2 EL84S, ECC83, EF8fi and
EZ80
Separate baas, treble and volume controls. Absolutely MSL parts).rectifier. Simple
All pirlsready inatruotion
sold (eptrately. ONLYbooklet 8/8P.(Free
£7.6.8, S P.with
8/6.
complete
high. with
Brand newattractive
and testedfacia panel.P. Sire
£7.17.8. 4 P. 13x3J
8/6. x Sin. HAS4"FOUR"
above
circuitry.
AKFUPIER
but
Completeemploys KIT. Similar
set ofentirely
In appearance
iliSerent
parte. eto. 79/9 and
.P. advanced
to
4 P. 6/-,
Also
inpntavailable
socke Is. £0.8.0. built
P. 4 P.and8/6tested
■ complete with' std.
Open all day Saturday HARVERSON SURPLUS CO. LTD. | CP/ease write dearly)
Early closing Wed. 1 p.m.
A few minulet from South Wlmileion 170 HIGH ST., MERTON, S.W.I9 mi.OI-SAG3995 PLEASE NOTE:P.ft F.CKARGEfi
QUOTED APPLY TO U.K. ONLY.
Tube eiatlm P. ft P. ON OVERSEAS ORDERS
SEND STAMPED ADDRESSED ENVELOPE WITH ALL ENQUIRIES CHARGED EXTRA.
823
THE DORSET {600mW Output) ORGAN BUILDERS! SILICON N.P.N. TRANSISTORS, ALL
7-lranBlstor fully tunable M.W.—I/-W, supct-hct portable— INDIVIDUALLY TESTED EN PUBLISHED DIVIDER CIRCUIT!
with baby Blsrm facility. Set ot parts, The latest nioilulieed GOLD-PLATED LEADS FOR EASY SOLDERING! Unbeatable
and pre-aligtuuent techniques makes this simple to build. value at 1/6 each or 15/-/- per 100.
Sizes: 12' x 8' >: 3'.
MAINS POWER PACK KIT: 9/8 extra. TRANSISTORISED FLUORESCENT LIGHT. 8 WATT i2>n
Price £5.5.0 plus 7/a p. a p. Circuit 2/6 free with parts. TUBE. Current drain only 700mA! Complete and tested £2/19/6 only!
Or in kit form:
Case J!f>
THE ELEGANT SEVEN MK. II! (350mW output) Transistor .. .. .. ■ 10/-
T-tramlstor fully tunable M.W.-L.W. portable.' Set Lamp holders— .. .. pan 4/-
of parts. Complete with all components, inclcding
ready etched and drilled printed circuit board—back Condensers. etc. .. : - - ■ 3/-
printed Transformer (on printed circuit) .. 13/6
MAINS for foolproofPACK
POWER construction.
KIT; 8/8 extra. Tube «/-
Price £4.9.6 plus J/6p- A p. TRANSISTORS
Circuit 2/8 FREE WITH PARTS. OC200, OC203, OC204. all at 2/- each. . A
SO WATT AMPLIFIER A.C. MAINS 200-25(JV ASY22,2N753. BSY28, BSY65.2G344A. 2G345A. 2G345B. 2G371 A.
2G378A, all at 1/6 each. « .
An extremely reliable general purpose valve amplifier Transistors similar to OC44, OC71 and OC72. al! 1/- each.
—with, six electronically mixed inputs. Suitable for Unmarked, untested transistors, 7/6 for 50.
use with; mics, guitars, gram. Inner, organs, etc. LIGHT SENSITIVE TRANSISTORS (similar OCP 71). 2/- each.
Separate baas and treble controls. 30 watt transistors (ASZ17), 10/- each. .
Price 27 gns. plus 20/- p. & p. DIODES. Very low leakage. Make excellent detectors, also suitable
for keying electronic organs. 1/- each. 20 for 10/-.
XIOI I0W SOLID-STATE HI-FI AMP WITH INTEGRAL RECTIFIERS
PRE-AMP BY100,800p.).v..2/6each,24/-per doz..£7/10/-per JOO.£SOper 1,000.
Specifications: JiMS Pewtr Output (into S ohnis speaker): BYZ13,6-amp, 400 p.i.v., available on same terms.
10 watts continuous (aine wave). 13 watte inneio power.
BetuUiellv (foe rated output): ImV Into 8K ohma (0-33 micro- MULLARD POLYESTER CAPACITORS
amp) Total Otelorllon (@ IKhz); at 6 watts 0-35%, at rated FAR BELOW COST PRICE!
output
20Hs and1-8%.40Khz,FroiuiMp
Sptak-er: Acsponte:
3-4 ohma (3-15Minusohms 3dB maypoints
be O-OOl/iF 400 volts .. 3d 0-02f<F 200 volts ,. •< 3d
uaed). Supply lollaee: 24V d-c, ® 8C0mA (S-24V may be O-OOlS/zF 400 volts .. 3d 0-15/iF 160 volts ... .. 6d
need). O'OOlSjtF 400 volts .. 3d O-lZjiF 160 volts ,. " $4
Oonfrol assembly: Including resistors and capacitors. 0 0022AiF 400 volts .. 3d 0'27;T 160 volts .. 6d
1. Volume: PRICE 5/-. O-Ol/iF 400 volts ..3d 1/iF 125 volts .. .. 1/-
2. Treble: PRICE 6/-. Price 49/6
3. Comprehensive boss and treble: PRICE 10/-. plus 2/6 p. & p. VERY SPECIAL VALUE! Small Silver-mica, Ceramic, Polystyrene
The above 3 Items can. be purchased for use with the X101. Condensers. Well assorted. Mixed types and values. 10/- per 100.
Power Sopplfet lor the X10X: PAPER CONDENSERS. MIXED BAGS. 0 0001 to 0-5/fF. 12/6
P10X M (for mono) 85/- pins 4/6 p. & p. P10X S {for stereo) 48/8 plus 4/8 p. & p. per 100.
THE CLASSIC RESISTORS 1 Give-away offer! Mixed; types and values, i to i watt.
Controls:
equalisationSelector
switchswitch.
(31 andTape speed
71 i.p-a.). 6/6 per 100, SSI- per 1,000. Individual resistors 3d each. Also i to
Volume. Trdble. Bass.
scratch filter and 2 position ramble2 position 3 watt close tolerance. Mixed values. 7/6 100, 55/- 1,000.
filter. WIRE-WOUND RESISTORS. 1 watt to 10 watts. Mixed bags only.
16 for 10/-.
Specificstion: SenslUvltle* (or 10 watt ontput ~
at IKHz. Tape head'. 3mV (at 3f i-p-s). RECORD PLAYER CARTRIDGES
JIag. IfiOmV.
Awz.: P.U.- 2mV. Cer. P.P.:
Tapt/Ree. output:80mV.
100mV. Radio-.
EqualUationlOOuiV.for each input ACOS
Is correct to within i 2dB (R.X.A.A.) from 20Hz to 2OKM2. Toue GP 67/2 Mono. 15/- complete with needles-
control roHM; Boasi 13d£at SOHz. Treble -kl^dRat
10 watt output) <1-5%. Signal noise: <—fiOdB. A.C. Iimtns IcKHz. Totaldhtorlion:
200-250r. (for GP 91/3 Stereo Compatible £1/-/-
GP 93/1 Stereo Ceramic £1/5/-
. .
Slz«12}* long. 41' deep, 2 J" high. Teak finished case. Price 8 gflS. p. A p. free. GP 94/1 Stereo Ceramic £1
£1/5/- ..
The RELIANT 10W SOLID-STATE HIGH QUALITY AMPLIFIER Small pick-up arms complete with cartridge and needle, 10/- only.
Specifications:
Output imptiaace: Oufpul;
3 to104 ohms.
watts E.M.S.
Input:: Sine-wave;
l.Xlal mic13lOtuV;watts2.R.M.S. Music-power.
Gram/radio280mV, TRANSISTORISED SIGNAL INJECTOR KIT R.F./I.F./A.F.
Ton: controli: Treble control range i 12dB at lOKHz; Bass control range ±I3dB 10/- only
at
20Hz100Hz. FreguencgSignal
and 4OKH2. responre (with
10 nolle tonebetter
ratio: controls
thancentral):
—,60dB, Minus MB points
Traiutston: are
4 silicon TRANSISTORISED SIGNAL TRACER KIT 10/- only
Planar type and 3 Germanium type. Jlains input: 220-250V ».c. Site 0/ rhaitli:
10" x 32* M 2'. A.C. Mains, 200-2601'. For nse with Std. or HP. records,
Instruments, all mokes o! pick-ups and mikes. Separate base sod treble lift control mnslenl VEROBOARD
Two Inputs with control for groin, and mike. Built and tested. 8' :< 6' upookcr to 2iin X lin 0-I5in matrix 1/1 17in X 24in 0-1 Sin matrix 11/
suit; Price 14/6 plus 1/8 p. A p. Crystal mike to suit: 12/6 plus 1/6 p. & p. 3im X 2iin 0*1 Sin matrix 3/3 17in X 3fin 0*15in " "" matrixrix 14/1
PRICE 85.6,0 plus 6/- p. St p. 34in X 3iin 015in matrix 3/11 3Jin x 2iin O-lih matrix 3/9
5in X 2iin O'iSin matrix 3/11 3|in X 3iin 0*1 in matrix 3/11
RECORD PLAYER SNIP 5lo X 3|in O-ISia matrix 5/6 Sin X 2im O lin matrix 3/11
The "Prineesa" 4 speed automatic record changer and Sin x 3Jin O-lin matrix 5/6
player engineered with the utmost precision lor beauty, Spot Face Cutter 7/6. Pin Insert Tool 9/6. Terminal Pins 3/6—36.
iongilfa
which may and be
trouble
mixedfree7(nservice.
to lOinWill
or take
Kin.upPatent
to tenrecords
stylus
brush
pjek-np locks itself Into its recess, o most usefulebot
cleans stylus after each playing and at oil.with
feature the MULTIMETERS. 20,000 ohms per volt.
portable equipment—other features Include pick-up height Ranges; a.c. 1,000V, 500V, 100V,50V, 10V.
adjustment d.c. 250mA, 2'5mA, 50M
line instrument which you can purchase this month ata
and stylus pressure adjustment. This truly is
Price d.c. 2,500V, 500V, 250V, 50V, 25V, 5V,
Resistance: 0/60kil and 0/6MD.
only £5.19.8
Poet and complete
Insurance with cartridge
7/6 extra. A.C, Mainsand240t.
ready to play. £5.19.6 Special price £4/-/- only.
CYLDON U.H.F. THREE-IN-ONE HI-FI 10 WATT SPEAKER ELECTROLYTIC CONDENSERS
TUNER Acombining
complete Lend
threeSpeaker
matchedsystem on onemagnet
ceramic frame, 0-25^F 3 volt 4fiF 4 volt 2S/tF 12 volt lOOpF 16 volt
Complete with PCSS and speakers with power
a low 10losswatts.
cross-over network. l/iF 6 volt 4/tF 12 volt 25fuF 25 volt 125/tF 254 volt volt
Peak handhiog Impedance 16 IjiF 20 volt 4juF 25 volt 30iiF 6 volt 320bF
PCfifl Valves. Full j ohms. 1-25JZF 16 volt 6ftF 6 volt 30f:F 10 volt 320#iF 10 volt
variable tuning. Sew | 40—60c/s.Flu;:Frequency
density 11.000
rangegauss. Resonance
60c/s to 20kc/s. 2BF 3 volt 8/iF 3 volt SO/iF 6 volt 400/iF 6-4 volt
and unused. Size 4J' Size 13J* ; 8-A* K 41*. By famous manu- 2fiF 350 volt 8/iF 12 volt 64fiF 2-5 volt
Bl' x 11*. Complete' facturer.
61- p. & List price £7.speaker
p. Similar Our price 89/6above
to the plus 2-SmT 16 volt 10/<F 6 volt 64ftP •9 volt All at 1/- each.
with circuit diagram. wiihont tweeters in 3 and 15 ohms 39/8 pins 3/iF 25 volt lO/zF 25 volt lOOftF 9 volt
35 f" plus 3/6 p. A p. 5/- p. A p. 3-2/tF 64 volt 25jiF 6 volt 100/iF 16 volt 20 assorted
(our selection)
Goods not despatched ostilde U.K. Terms O.W.O. All enqairles S.A.E. 10/-.
RADIO&TV COMPONENTS (ACTON) LTD. Orders by post to;
G. F. MILWARD, DRAYTON BASSETT, NEAR TAMWORTH,
STAFFS,
2ld High Street • Acton • London W.3 Please include suitable amount to cover post and packing. Minimum
323 Edgware Road • London W.2 2/-. Stamped addressed envelope must accompany any enquiries
For customers in Birmingham area goods may be obtained from
Orders by post to our Acton address please Rock Exchanges, 231 Alum Rock Road, Birmingham 8.
824
LIMITED
TRANSISTORS PRICE EXCITING NEW PAKS
FOR AMATEURS, PROFESSIONALS, FACTORIES. PRE-PAKS
ACI07 3- OCI70 31- ORGAN BUILDERS. AND THOSE PEOPLE THAT
AC 126
AC 127 2/4 OCI7I 41- JUST USE LARGE QUANTITIES OF TRAN- Selection from our lists
AC12B 2/4
2/4 OC200 3/6 SISTORS.
ACYI7 OC20I 7/- No. Price
AFI14 ih 2G30I
4/- 2G303 2/6
2/6 XA PAK 81 SO Unmarked Tram. Untested - 10/-
AFIIS 3/6 2N7II 10/- Germanium PNP type craniiicort, equivalents to B2 4 Solar Cells Inc. Book of Instructions - 10/-
AFI16
AFI 17 3/6 2N1302-3 41- a Isree part of the OC ranee, i.e. 44. 45,71, 72, B6 17 Red Spot AF Transistors - 10/-
AFira 4/6 2N1304-S 31- 81. etc. B6A 17 White Spot RF Transistors - 10/-
AFI 19 3/6
3/6 2N1306-7 61- PRICE £9 PER 1000
AFI86 10/- 2NI30S-9 61- B9 I ORP 12 Light Sensitive Cell - 9/.
AFI 39
BFY50 10/- 2S303
Power Sh BS3 25 Sil. Trans. 400 Mc/s Brand New - (0/-
BSY25 41- TramUtor* XB PAK B54 40 .. NPN To5 Trans Voltage - 10/-
BSY26 7/6 OC20 10/- Silicon TO-lfl CAN type trantistor* NPN/PNP 6S5 40 .. NPN To IB & Gain Fallouts 10/*
BSY27 3/- OC23 10/- mixed lots, with equivalents to OOOO-1,2N706a, BS6 40 NPN/PNP All Tested - 10/-
BSY20 31- OC2S 8/- BSY27/29. 6SY9SA.
BSY29 31-
31- OC26
OC28 5/-. B63 10 Top Hat Recs. 750 M/A 100-800 PIV - 10/-
BSY95A 31- OC3S 10/- PRICE CS.S.0 PER 500 B69 20 Diodes. Gld-Bnd. Germ Sil. Planer - 10/-
OC4I 2/6 OC36 Sl-
7/6 PRICE £10 PER 1000 B74 5 Gld-Bnd. Diodes. 2-OA9. 3-OA5
OC44 l/U AD 149 10/- - 10/-
OC45 1/9 2N2287 20/- XC PAK B75 3 Comp. Set.-2G371.2G301.2G339A - 10.'-
OC7I 2/6 Diode* C2 I Unijunction T ransistor 2N2160 - 15/-
OC72
OC73 2/6 AAY42 2/- Silicon diodes miniature (lass types, finished black C26 3 TEXAS Power Transistors 2S0I7A - IS/-
OC8I 3/6 OA 10 21- with polarity marked, equivalents to OA200, C32 6 Top Hat Recs. ISI00 Type - 15/-
OC8 ID 2/6 OA70
2/6 1/9 OA202, BAYS I-39 and DKI0, etc.
AFI 02
OCI39 12/6 OA79
OA8I 1/9
1/9 PRICE £5 PER 1000
Al 7 Silicon Rectifiers BYIOO Type - 20/-
A3 25 Mixed Marked and Tested Transistors - 20,'-
OCI40 2/6
3/6 OAiea 21-
IN914 1/6 A2I 5 Power Transistors |ADI49flOC26
ALL THE ABOVE UNTESTED PACKS HAVE and 3 others -20/-
AN AVERAGE OF 75% OR MORE GOOD SEMI- AND MANY MORE
CONDUCTORS. FREE PACKS SUSPENDED
FREE ! WITH THESE ORDERS. ORDERS MUST NOT
PACKS OF YOUR OWN CHOICE UP TO BE LESS THAN THE MINIMUM AMOUNTS BRAND NEW PAK • JUST RELEASED
QUOTED PER PACK.
THE VALUE OF 10/- WITH ORDERS P/P 2/« PER PACK (U.K.) REPLACES OUR VERY POPULAR B.39 PAK.
OVER £4 BRAND NEW SHORT LEAD COMPONENTS
ALL FACTORY MARKED AND MOUNTED
ON PRINTED CIRCUIT PANELS.
TRANSISTORS ONLY1/- EACH 80 TRANSISTORS & DIODES ALL
SILICON • PLANAR • N.P.N. » P.N.P 50 HIGH TOLERANCE
All these types available RESISTORS
20 VARIOUS CAPACITORS FOR 10/-
2N929 2N706 2SI3I 2SI03 2N696 2N(6I3 2S733 BFYI0
2S501 2N706A 2S5I2 2SI04 2N 697 2NI7II 2N726 2S731 PLEASE STATE WHEN ORDERING PAK P.I.
2N24II '2N3011 2SI02 2N2220 2NI507 2NI893 2N2484 2S732 2/- P. & P. WITH THIS PAK.
All tested and guaranteed transistors—unmarked.
Manufacturers over runs for the new PRE-PAK range. Make a Rev. Counter for your Car. The
TACHO BLOCK', This encapsulated block
will turn any 0-1 mA meter into a perfectly
NEW UNMARKED UNTESTED PAKS linear and accurate /
BSY95A counter for any car. Ja M/m
25 NPN Silicon TRANSISTORS 10/- State 4 or 6 cylinder, fl CuUIl
10 1000 PIV 1
Mm. Silicon amp. DIODES 10/-
FREE CATALOGUE AND LISTS
25 BSV2B-27
NPN Silicon TRANSISTORS 70/- for: —
10 Watt SI l Icon ZENERS 10/- ZENER DIODES
All VoUages
BFY50-I-2
25 NPN Silicon TRANSISTORS 10/- TRANSISTORS, RECTIFIERS
FULL PRE-PAK LISTS
10 4Silicon
amp. Stud. RECTIFIERS 10/-
BC107-8-9 & SUBSTITUTION CHART
25 NPN Silicon TRANSISTORS 10/-
. u tN914-6OAa«V202 MINIMUM ORDER 10/- CASH WITH
"n Sub. Min. Silicon DIODES 10/- ORDER PLEASE. Add 1/- post and packing
150 Min. Germ.
High Quality DIODES 10/- per order. OVERSEAS ADD EXTRA FOR
AIRMAIL.
2N706 A TRANSISTORS 10/-
NPN Silicon
PRE-PAK. N.605 POWER THERE IS ONLY ONE
TRANSISTOR EQUIVALENT 5/- each
TO NKT30I-4 BI-PRE-PAK LTD
TANTALUM CAPACITORS 4/- each BEWARE OF IMITATIONS
825
Practical Elecfronics Classified Advertisements
The pre-paid rate for classified advertisements is 1/3 per word (minimum order 15/-), box number
1/6 extra. Semi-displayed setting £4.2.6 per single column inch. All cheques, postal orders,
etc., to be made payable to PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS and crossed " Lloyds Bank Ltd."
Treasury notes should always be sent registered post. Advertisements, together with remittance,
should be sent to the Classified Advertisement Manager, PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS,
George Newnes Ltd., 15/17 Long Acre, London, WC2, for insertion in the next available issue.
BUILD IT in a DEWBOX quality cabinet CALL OR SEND for list from the most Interest-
2m x 2Jin x any length. DEW LTD., ing shop in Lancashire. Ulectrical IMech- STUDY RADIO, TELEVISION AND ELEC-
Eingwood Soad, Ferndown, Dorset. H.A.E. ntiieal and Electronic Goods. BOGERS, 31 TRONICS with the world's largest home study
for leaflet. Write now—right now. Xelson Street. Southport. organisation. City <fc Guilds; S.T.B.B.,
etc. Also practical courses with equipment.
Ko books to buy. Write for FREE
TAPE RECORDERS, TAPES, ETC. Prospectus to ICS (Dept. 677), Inter test
BIG BARGAIN PARCEL House, London, SW11.
Ccmuinmg transistors, diodes, capacitors, TAPES TO DISC—using finest professional
fuses, connecting wire, sleeving, valve equipment—45 r.p.m: 18/-. S.A.E, leaflet.
holders, tag strip], potentiometers, etc. DEKOY, High Bank, Hawk Street, Carnforth,
10/- POST Lanes.
PAID ENGINEERS. A technical certificate or
SALOP ELECTRONICS qualification will bring you security and much
9a Greyfrlars Road, Coleham S.A.E. for EDUCATIONAL better pay. Elem. and adv, private postal
Shrewsbury, Shropshire latest lists courses for C.Eng., A.M.-I.B.E.B., A.M.S.B.
(Mech. & Elec.), City & Guilds,
A.I.O.B, and O.C.E. exams. Diploma courses
GET INTO ELECTRONICS—big opportunities in all branches-of Engineering—Mech.. Elec.,
for trained men. Learn the practical way with Auto, Electronics, Radio, Computers,
ARTIFICIAL LIFE low-cost Postal Training, complete with equip- Draughts., Building, etc. For full details write
ment. R.T.E.B., City & Guilds, for FREE 132-page guide, BRITISH
Well almost, bacause the NEW range of Badio, T/V, Telecoms,, etc. For FREE 100- INSTITUTE OF EXGIXEERIXG TECH-
projects include: an electronic, 'animal' page book, write Dept. 856K, CHAMBERS XOLOGY (Dept. 125K), Aldermastou Court,
which LEARNS, and a device capable of COLLEGE, 148 Holborn, London, E.C.l. Aldermaston, Berks,
REPRODUCING itself! Other projects
SURE TO INTRIGUE YOU are an audio
transmitter/receiver which has quite an
amazing range and requires NO LICENCE; CITY AND COUNTY OF BRISTOL
also a machine which recognizes itself, and
an electronic dog whistle, etc., etc. HOSTS
OF EASY-TO-CONSTRUCT projects.
SEND 2/6 for your list—NOW! BRISTOL TECHNICAL COLLEGE
To: 'BOFFiN PROJECTS' Principal: E." Poole, B,Sc.(Eng.), CEng., M.I.Mech.E., M.I.Prod.E.
incorporating
BIONIC DESIGNS . CAREERS IN RADIO AND RADAR
4 CUNLIFFE RD. Marine Radio Officers Licensed Aircraft Radio Engineers
STONELEIGH. EWELL, SURREY 2 year full-time course leading to the 2 year full-tjme course covering the
Second and First Class P.M.G. Certifi- Aircraft Radio Engineers Licences
cates and the B.O.T Radar Maintenance categories A and B, issued fay the
Certificate. Board of Trade (Civil Aviation) foilowed
Conversion Course (Second Class to by a six-months' course for Radar
ADD First Class). Rating (A and B) In association with
R.T. Licences (Full or Restricted) the above.
R & R RADIO
51 Burnley Road,, Rawten$tafl MICROSWITCHES FULL SPEC SEMICONDUCTORS
Rossendale, Lanes all new, wide variety for many DATA SUPP1IED ALL TYPES
Tel.: Rossendale 3152 ]obs from 2/-. Waterproof and TRANSISTORS RECTIFIERS
VALVES BOXED, TESTED & GUARANTEED metaldad from 9/-. 2N697 4/- IN9I4 1/3
EBFSO 3/- pcce4 3/- PYB2 31- 2N706 [19 200mA 200V I/-
EBF89 3/6 PCF80 31- UI9I 4/6 SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS 2 N 706A 2/3 3A 600V 3/-
ECC82 3/- PCF82 3/6 U30) 4/6 2N708 4/- 3A 800V 3/6
ECL80 3/- PCL62 41- 6F23 31- with gear boxes 300 rpm to I rev 2N9I4 4/6 10A 600V 5/-
EF80 1/6 PCL83 41- J0PI4 31- 24 hrs. All new, wide variety 3 to 2N2369 3/3 10A 800V 6/6
6F8S 3/- PCL84 Sl- 20PS 31- 20 watts mostly 230v A.C. 2500 BSY26 2/6
EF183 3/6 PL36 5/- 30FS 2/6 BSY27 2/6 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
EFI84 3/6 PLSI 41- 30LI5 31- rpm for fans, tape decks, etc. from BSY28 2/6 Pack of 6 Logic
EY66 4/- PL83 41- 30PI2 4/6 7/6d. Elements 30/-
EL4I 5/- PY33 5/- 30CI5 51- Linear Amps 5/-
EZ40 4/6 PY8I 3/6 30PLI3 5/6 S.A.E. list. MAIL ORDER ONLY P & P I/-
EBC4I 4/6 PY80O 3/6 30PLI4 5/4 HOLFORD & CO.
POST, ON E VALVE TWO TO SIX 6il. ROB-ELEC
6 Imperial Square, Cheltenham 84 Foster Hill Road, Bedford
TIS43A
Xq Nival *■>!' looking for QIMLITr.VLUEiSERVIGEPWrite f
iHim A7II4
A7II7 CETIIS
MAT100 »/- oca;
BARGAIN PACKS! INIJUNCTKlhB/Sd 1N3704 AFI24
A7I27 MAT!
MAT 01 7.»
120 M OCSID
Jit OC82
2NJ70S AF139
AF2J9 MATI2I
□AS 1.6 0C820 0<33
Mm
AFZII OA47
OA70
1/*1141/4 OCI13
OCll»
4 FST3/8 STC Sll. Rectifiers New and Marked
BOO plv I i amp. Good substitute for BY 100. etc .. 13/-
AFZI2
AST27 OA79
2*OA79M 1(4 OCI40
4/4 OCI44
octro
4 RAS3I0AF STC Avalanche Rectifiers New and A5Y28
ASY24 OAfll
131 1 1/6 ocin
OCJOO
Marked 1,200 p|v (j, amp 5A surge rated .. .. 20/- Tr«Ml»taV I Vf ASY» OA90 1/4
1(6 cxnai
ASZ2J
ATZIO OA9I
OA9S If OCJM
OC3IH
6 GJ4M New and Marked AEf Germanium Rectifiers AUYIO OA200 If
lh OCMS
SO plv I amp 10/- FMRCHiLDuLogic ftAUS OA202 OCKK
4 GP297/I Sub-miniature power transistors Texas M T-12 BAYJfl □Aim 11-
4/4 ocan?
New and Marked ., IO/~ uLMOI^.r J|/-
•ItKOul&U II/- 9/4 r?+
9/6 1/4
4/4
BCYM
Bcrai OAZfl
OAZZOt »/-
J/4 ORP60 ORPI2
3 ZFI6 STC New and Marked 16V 300mW Zener t4h 11/4 BCY32
BCY33 OAZ702 3/4 omi
Diodes 10/- S p.XV 1/6# II/* &CY34 OAZ206
OAZ207 1(4 ORHa
»(- OftP43 i$/-
I Pair of ADI6I/AD162 NPN/PNP Power Com- acrse
BCY39 OA2208
OAZ24( 3(4 SX63I
SX6J4 7/4
lO.t
plementary Pair .. .. .. 15/- BCY40 OAZH2 J/» SX43S
1/6
SL701I1S-24/6 2NMSA/ is/- asoijA BCY54 OA Z14 3 »/- S230C Wr
I Pair of ACI28/ACI76 NPN/PNP Driver Com- 9/6 8CT70 OAZ246
OAZ269 J/4 C416
plementary Pair 10/- 3N706 9/6 2S01S
2S702 BCY7I
flCZIl OA2270 >/J/4> r344A
vtasA
1 Set OC82D +2 x OC82 Matched Pair New SCP1+2pc1S113 t 8D(U6F184 OCI9
OC20 s/-
33/- EC401
EC602
Mullard Marked .. 10/- For fl OHM
CoatfolfM" BFXI3
6FJ<29 OC22 »/- ClllE
4 BSY9SA STC New and Marked Planar Translstors 10/- Uulr IMW) 10^1 9/4
7/4 ACI2T
ACIM BFY50
BfYSI % OC23 OC24
OC25
H/-
10/-
4/4 - 2CIII
CM0
JC41S
4 BCI08 Mullard latest type Low noise planars New S/- ACI74 arrsa 4/- OCM
and Marked 10/- (/-
ih AC«»7
AC (88 BPYSS
BSX76 4/^ OQfl
3/8 OC29 IV- E*«3
13/-
I5(- EB3B3
tens
6 NKT276 New and Marked Newmarket Audio BC107/8/9 2/9[f- S/- ACYI7
•/- ACYI9
ACYIfl aST37
85T9SA 4/4
J/4 OC30 V- acne
General purpose transistor 10/- */- 11/- OC3S
OC34 tf aciis
BCIU
36 Square Inches of 0-15 in Matrix Veroboard—the W/KJ/64 ACY1I
ACYM BTY9(//$6R 34/- OC4I Itl-
3/4 BC (St
most popular pack of all—only from LST .. ,. 10/- T0716 12/: ItH Acm BYX20/2CO
6YX36/IOO OC42 4/- BFI5!
4 N<T162 New and Marked Newmarket Switching S/4 AO 149 BYZIC .Vi OC43
OCM Sh
31- Euru
HBfltQ
Transistor 10/- 1/4 AD
7/4 AOI61 161 BTZIl
7/4 BYZI3 12/8 OC4S
5/4 OC7I V- MPflM
!»/- AOZJI II/- 3'- MPflOt
2 OCI9 New and Marked Mullard Power Transis-
tors 10/-
SILICON RECT'S^ 17/-
12/- Aozn
AflOl "c4 4/- OC72
OC73
OC7S
4/4
3h wmos
KJ«I
rutai
FUU-T TBTTO f 4/* AFH4 OC7& 'h 40341
Vt
5 BAIIS New and Marked Mullard Colour Tele-
vision Diodes 10/- OUAKANTm W- AFU5 □C77 If 40343
4 2G371B New and Marked Texas Audio Transistors W/- HK IMetnowl 1* m Pott and Packiny 9d
4 BYX38/6C0 Mullard New and Marked Power sa u — id _ Fi*#o Export Catalefuo TVEASf SEND 1*68 CATALOGUE TO:
Studs 600 plv 2j amp .. 16/- IW H lit 4/4 (BkxkCapHch)
1 "Designers Guide to British Transistors" New JSC M V- 1* Si- i ENCLOSE I/6 stamfs
•OS V-
data book with over I/WO types listed—Computer
selected substitution chart, lust out from m >h in — 41- ll'
« tit COMPONENTS
NAME.
Publlihers (add 2/6 this Item post) .. ,, 25/- mism J-— '/*~ Ih 14/-
ll/S 7 CO TftHO ROAD AOORESS
POSTAG6 AND PACKING BY FIRST CLASS MAIL NOW BRCNTINOOO
BRENT WOODESSEX 7904
if- MINIMUM PER ORDER J^HOj»«OST«i Siovd .(PEA) J
BRAND NEW MINIATURE ELECTROLY- COMPONENTS AT 6IVE-A WAY-PR1CE81 UJ.T.'S equiv. 2X2646, XI.S43 6/- each.
TIC8, 15 volt, 2, 6, S, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, Comprising: Transistors; 1% Resistors; Tested. P, & P. 6d per order. Data supplied. ,
100 mfds, 8/6 dozen, 30 for SI. The G. K. Condensers; Diodes; Valve Holders; plus L.P.H. ELEGTROX1CS, 65 Flanders Mansions,
SUPPLY CO., 127 Chesterfield Rd., Sheflield, very useful 9-way plug/sockets. Over 100 Flanders Road, London, W.4.
88 ORS. components from ex-Brand New Equipment
10/-. or 250 assorted as above 20/- post paid. SEMICONDUCTORS. For sale, 300,000 folly
TRANSISTOR PANELS Order now and avoid disappointment tested, but uncoded silicon transistors and
New boxed, siie 9in x Sin x I Jin with ''Valvo" DIAMOND MAIL ORDER PRODUCTS, diodes. Standard types, 2X706, 2X706A,
transistors type OC4S or similar, with full Prospect House, Canal Head, Pockilngton, 2X2369, 2X708, BSY types, 1X914, etc. Send
length leads, also an equal number of OAd5 York, offers, or for details to Box 15.
diodes,
boardofinH/S resistors,
frame.etc. Built on perforated
Panrl 20a metal
transistors, diodes, etc. 20/- COMPONENTS
30 — 2S/- 60-40/- A. MARSHALL & SON (LONDON) LTD
40 RECORDING
50 —•
— 30/-
35/- 70 80 —
— 45/-
50/- Postage 21- per panel. Veroboard
31' x 24' 3/6;
TRANSISTOR CAPACITORS (ELEC- TAPES P.E. 20 Tel 01-452 OKI/Z 3r x 31-4/3;
TROLYTIC)
SOOmF 4V 64mF 40V ISmF 25V Fully Guaranteed Cutter 9/-;
320mF 10V 50mF 10V lOmF 25V IN9M 2/~ 2N3707 4h BFUS 4/6 NKT262 4/6 31' X 5' 5/6;
7' STD 1,200' 7/3 IN9I6 1/6 2 N 3708 4/- BFXI2 6/6 NKT264 4/6 17' X 3|- (6/-;
250mF
200mf 10V 4V 30mF
2SmF 25V10V 6-4mF64V
4mF 54V 7* LIP 1,800' 12/3 15120 2/6 2N3709 BFX13 6/6 NKT27I 4/6
41- BFX29 5'x 24-4/3.
7" D/P 2,400' 19/- IS151130 2/6 aN37IO 4/6 BFX04 15/- NKT403 15/-
20mF 12V
I/- each. 9/- per dot. Min. order 10/- ImF 2SV 53'
51" STD 900* 9/-6/6 2N696
2N3711 61- NKT405
32 2/6 2N3819 4/- BFxes 101- NKT6D3 6/6 15/- 1Resistors;
watt 4d;
COMPUTOR
opn transistors. PANELS
Diodes and withres.,
40 sil.22/6pnpPost
or 5i'
L/P 1.200*
D/P 1,800' 14/9 2N697 5/- 5/- AC 107 10/-
61- BFXB6
BFX07 10/-61- NKT6I3
NKT674 6/6
51-
4 watt 5d;
1 watt 6d;
5" 2N705 31- AC 126 41-
Paid, 5- STDL/p 600' 900* 7/35/3 2N706A 31- AC 127 31- BFXB3 61- NKT677 51- 2 watt (/-;
diodes.■ with
COMPUTOR PANELS (Flip-Flop) 5' D/P 1,200' 10/9 2N929 616 ACYI7 5/- BFYS0 516 NKT781NKT7I3 5/6 35 watt 1/6;
watt 2/0.
B-2G37I with diodes, 7/6; without 5/-, D/P 185' 2N930 616 ACYI8 5/- BFYSI 4/6 OC23 61-
Panel with I6-OC84, etc. 10/- L/P 225' £ 2N 1302 4/6 ACY20
ACYI9 8/- BFY52 5/6 61- Electro!
ISV I MFDycics:
up to
8-OC43
50-OA8I 6/-or GET87S & OA8I 7/- D/P Concorde
300' 4/- 2NI303 4/6 41- BSXI9
BSX20
5/5 OC26 7/6
5/6 OC28
7/6
I0OMFD 1/6. 25V
Pottage 6d per panel D/P 2NI304 5/6 ACY2I 51- BSX2I 8/- ocas 7/6 2SMFD or 50MFD
3,000' 33/6 2N1305 5/6 ACV22 41- 61- BSX76 4/6 OC44OC36 7/6 1/6. IOOMFD 2/-,
TEST CARDS. 6 transistors 20 for 20/- Spools; 2NI306 6/6 ADI40
ELECTROLYTJCS
12V. 3,000
15,000® @80V.10V. 25,000
10,000 &I® 12V,
30V. 16,000
4.000 @
@ 2/6. 51' 2/3. 6/3,
81' 5" 2/3, 2NI307 6/6 ADI6I
2NI30B 61-
AO 149 61- BSY27
716
BSY26 41- 41- OC45 2/6
31- 250MFD
500MFD 3/9. 2/9.
4" 2/-, 31' 1/9, 3* 9d. BSY20 41-
60V.
8/6 Pest Paid. 2,000 & 50V, 1,200 @ 180V. 21' 1/10. 2NI309 61- ADI62 716 BSY29 4/6 OC72 2/6
OC7I 2/6 Presets;
ZENER
S-75, DIODES—2-4.
5-2, 6-8, 2-7.IB,3-6.20,4-75,
7-5. 13, IS. 16, 27, 30,5 25.
33 CASSETTE TAPES 2NI71I3 6/6
2N161 AFI 14 51-
6/6 AFI17 BSY38 4/6
51- BSY39 4/6 OC74 4/6
OC75 3/-
STD Horizontal or
Vertical 1/6.
C-60 15/6, C-90 21/6 2N2220 5/- ASY26 416 BSY40 4/6 OCBI
ASY27 8/6 BSY9SA 41- OC83 51- 41— Faircbild I.Cs.
volts. 3/6 each, mostly I watt 2N2369A
2N 2904 61- 6/6 BYI00 416 OCI70 61- U900 11/-
POLYSTYRENE CAPACITORS 350V:
270. 330. 390, 470. 560, 680, 02OpF. 1,800,2,200, 180, Post and Pocking op to 61- ASY2S L914II/—
3 reels 219, otherwise 2N290S 61- ASZ21 4/6 BYZIO 91- OCI7I 61-
BCI07 3/6 L923 14/-
2.700
125V:.3,300
1.200,,5,600.
1,500,6,800,
1,800.8.200 416. 2N2905A 6!- 3/6 BYZI1 OC200 5/6
2,200. 2,700, 3,300,
3,900, 4,700, 5,600. 6,800. 8,200. 0 015. BOpF 2N2906 3/6
2N2926
61- BCI08 BYZI2 716
BCt09 3/6 BYZI 61- OC20I 5/6 Silvered Micas—•
up to alOpf 1/2.
ceramic 200pF S.M. any selection 2/- doz. SPEAKERS (3 ohm) 2N30S3 19/67/6 BCY33 5/6 OC202 8/6
3 51- OCP7I
4-40pF trimmers 4/- doz. 8' 2N30S5 BCY34 4/6 MAT 100 6/6 OA0I 8/6 Post and Packing
BRAND NEW BOXED CHASSIS contain,
ing 2—OC35. 2—OC29 12 WW resistors 30/-. 7' xx 5'
4' 19/6.
15/6. 2N3702 4/6 BCY39 6/6 MATI0I 616 OA9I 1/9
41- BCY38 5/6
2N3703 4/6 BCY70 6/6 rn/\ MAT1 fn/r A/A
/u O/O 1/6
for
and
Transistors
Components
Postage 1/6.
NEW CROSS RADIO 8- 25/6.S'12'14/6.
3' 9/6. 39/6. 2N3704
2N 3705 4/6 BCY7I 10/6 MAT 121 6/6 OA9S
OA200 21-
1/6 11- per order.
Send 6d stamp for
Post and Pocking (/6d 2N3706 4/6 BCY72 6/6 NKTlBt 4/6 OA202 21- complete list.
6 0LDHAM ROAD, MANCHESTER 4
829-
RECEIVERS AND COMPONENTS RECEIVERS AND COMPONENTS ELECTRICAL
(continued} /coni/n«edj
WE AKE BEEAKDia UP COBPUTEES BARGAIN PARCELS of new surplus Elec-
tronic (Uiniponents, 3/-, 6/-, 10/-, post free.
UOLl'Hl.V KLEOTitO.VICS. 5 1'oolea Way,
Brlra Close, Bunitwooil, nr. Liclifleld.
RE PAN CO Transistor Coils and Irausformcr.
r? ' '±1' *1 * for the Constructor, Send stamp for lists comoLUrut
HAUIO EXTEUIMENTAL PEO DUCTS An Electronic unit capable of controlling electrical
LTD., 33 Muclt Vark Street, Coventry. equipment
control of allupa.c./d.c.
to 3,000 capaclt3p. Eingertlp
watts equipmente
electrical Suitable
ELECTRICAL for all types of lighting acraugeiueats. Jueamtescent
latnpn. Spot lamps. Arc lamps. FloodlighLa.
an ideal dittunlug unit. Ideal lor controlling Makca
all
types of electric drlllB and up to 2 h.p. electric motors
for all appUcatlana. Ideal for all types of electrio
COMPUTER heaters. Suitable for lathes and power tools. Contalna
POST PBBB,PAKELSwith rain,(assorted) 2 X 4in. 8 lor 10/-.
30 transistors. the latest electronic switching devices and associated
100 for 65i'- + p. 4 I>. B/6, 1,000 (or £30 + carr. thyristor
metal casecircuitry,
in pleasingSi2ehammer
dx5x2ln. Louvred
finish. Attractive
OIAKT PANEU 3} x 4in. -WLth 20 Tranelstora, 30 Mln.
Diodes.336lorMio.
board. 41. Resistors
Post Free.and 9 68uH Inductors on each flNYVJHt^ front panel with matching socket and
Recommended price 25 gas. Mage purchase enables controls.
PANELS with 2 Power Transistors eiin. to OC28 on oa to offer them at £8.19.6, carriage and inHurance
each hoard -f- components. 2 Boards <4 X OC28) 10/-. moat brillinnt parformanco ever from 10/-. C.O.D. if required.
POWER
p. 4 p. ]/-.TRANSISTORS stm. 2S171 Ex. Eijpt. 4 lor I0(-. ll-volt Car Battery. BRILLIANT HEAVY
OVERLOAD CUT OUTS DUTY BIG240
220 volt AMERICAN DYNAMOTOR
values at 6/- each. 1 i. 2,Panel
3,4. 6,Mounting
7,8 amp.in the fc-llowing with
TELEVISION, WATT OUTPUT.DRILLS,
ELECTRIC Marvellous
MAINS(or
T05
MINIATURE GLASS NEONS. 12,.« doa.
TRANSISTOR COOLERS, 7/6 doa. LIGHTING and ALL UNIVERSAL AC/DC
LONG MAINS EQUIPMENT. Marvellous for C^fJc POLICE
p. 4 p. ARM
2/8. XOGflLE SWITCHES, ex, eqpt, 16/- doe.. Fluorescent lighting. ofThousands
Tremendous purchase this de luxeof model
uses. BAND
NEW MIXED
LARGE DISC CERAMICS,
CAPACITY ELECTEOLYTIC8.loft lor4}in.
10/-, p.2ir..4 P.dlam.
1/-. mwfies fantastically low price possible.
Screw Terminals. All at 6/- each. +1/6 each, p. A p. ONLY48each plus 10,'- delivery. C.O.D. with \B#a40a4£r xec.
4.000 Mfd. 72v, D.C. wkg. J 6,01)0 Mid. 30v. D-C. wkg, pleasure. MONEY BACK if not DELIGHTED.
6.300 Mid. 75v. D.C. wfcg. 25.000 Mfd. lov. D.C. wkg. Please scn^ S.A.E. for foil illustrated details. A small transistorised receiver that wtll receive
10,000 Mfd, Sot. D.C. wkg. 1,500 Mid. 180T. D C. wkg. Dept. PE, STANFORD ELECTRONICS civil alroralt and police/Ore/ambulance- broadcasts.
KEYTBONICS, 52 Earls Conrt Road. London, W.8 Rear Darby Road. North Promenade Operates from » 9 volt battery that fits InterriBlly. 6
Mill order only. Scud 1/- elauipi Sot lilt. BLACKPOOL, Lancashire traaslstora.
7 x 4 x 4in-Jtobuat metalfrontcabinet
Attractive panel-size appro*.
Speaker or
price 48,10.0, carriage 10/-. Few only. Brandmodel
headphone output. Improved type de luxe new
and unused.
MODERN DICTIONARY TRANS/RECEIVERS AIR/SEA/RES CUE
TAPE HEADS TYPE
Must be dismantled or exported. Complete with
BSK BRAD.39/6 MICHIGAN REC./PLAT mlke/spesker aerisd. Work up to 100 miles. Coet
2 TRACK / rnair HIGH 4-TRACK
IMP. AC !_ OF ELECTRONICS 70/- Govt. over £40 each. £2.10.0 per set. 10/- P. 4c P.
2 sets 46, post free.
BSE MALL "iOlf. 0 01, BOGEH ERASE AUTHORITATIVE, COMPREHENSIVE,
4 TRACK -S'/ r "" 4-TRACK UL818''8 27/6 COMPLETELY UP TO DATE. BY GRAF.
3rd ED. POSTAGE -4/6. -
BEUTEE — COLLARO T.E.2,9 COSHOCOED ERASE 27/6
ERASE 27/6 4-TEACK DESIGNERS GUIDE TO BRITISH
4-TRACK TRANSISTORS by Kampfel. 25/-. P. & P.
P.M. WIRELESS MICROPHONE 1/6.
S4-104Mc/8- Traosiatorieed. Operates from 9V ELECTRONIC MUSICAL INSTRU-
batterr. Complete with additional secret tie clip MENT MANUAL, new 5th ed. by
microphone-
These cannot beListoperated
£12/10/-ONLY
to U-K. £6 I -r-v 50
Douglas. 55/: P. & P. 3/-. £ C£/tGX
TEASSISTQRISED FM TUNER PAL COLOUR T.V. by .Muttard. 12/6. This wonderful little set will provide hours ol
6SIZETRANSISTOR P. & P. I/-. listening pleasure. Listen to the thrilling sound ol an
ONLY 6in x dinHIGH x 2iinIJUALITY
3 1-F. atagea.TUNER.
Doable SILICON CONTROLLED RECTI- 803
work.atA sea. Supereircnit
printed for listening to theIt simple
layoat makes Hams atto
toned
arnpliflers. Operatea on 9Voutput
diaerlniiniitor. Ample to feed
battery. most
Cove-age FIERS by Uytel. 2)/-. P. & P. t/3, build in a short time. Fully comprehensive luatrue-
88-108Mc/e. Ready built ready lor ff. |y X COMPUTERS FOR THE AMATEUR tions. Employs the latest components and transis-
use. Eantaatfo value lor money * tors. Complete down to the last detail. An ideal
CONSTRUCTOR by Warring. 20/.. project
speakerfor
andbeginners. Price
cabinet SO/- 66/-, Post 6/-. Matching
extra.
FM MULTIPLES STEREO ADAPTOR P. & P. I/-,
Printed clrcnit biscuit, 4 trans. 6 /C |Q A ABC** OF TRANSISTORS by Mann.
diodes 9 V with full instractfona *" *
LQDDSPEAKEES 12* 13' 26 watt, IS ohm, 20/-. P. & P. !/-.
20 watt. 16 PC If) fl S^R £5.15.0 ELECTRONIC GAMES AND TOYS 40 METRE BAND
ohm. SUPER SJi YOU CAN BUILD by Buckwalter. 24/:
FULL RASOE 8*HIGH
COMPLlAHCE. 16 P. & P. I/:
ohm. 15 watt PC O C 10' 10 watt, 16 ohm, SOLID STATE POWER SUPPLIES
30-20K lO.t.U CERAMIC—MAGNET
AA ( AND CONVERTERS by Lytel, 20/-.
61-16 ohm. FCKft P. & P. I/-.
lOwatt, S0-18K I>«Ii JiW SWITCH ROTARY, F.E.T. CIRCUITS by Turner. 25/-. These excellent receivers were made for the
4-16 ohm, SDiUiUfQRfl 4RECIPROCATING C /_ Government by a famous manufacturer. They will
6watt.40-18K POSITION. 15A. J/ P. & P. 1/3. cover the complete amateur band. Aircraft, Marine
and otherand Government
MULTIMETERS LOUDSPEAKERS.
from TJ /_ 40ohjn,2}*80Qbn>, 0/ G
2'a/fi ELECTRONIC MOTOR CONTROL
by Lytel. 30/-. P. & P. 1/3. enperhet works IromStations-
atanddrdItdryis abatteries.
6 valve
12*1 win Built in a robust metal case size 10 X 6 X 41n.
TYPE watt, 15 orcone
8 ohm io wJ/"
qq; Half
speakermoon calibration tuning dial. Phone or
REFLEX
WATERPROOF CORE SPKR. TWEETER 16ohm "M/O dition. output. Not new10/-.
43.10.0, carriage but inFewexcellent con-
only. Also
6 watt, S ohm. 300- 10 watt, 1SK-CP8 uG/D UNIVERSAL BOOK GO. complete with associated transmitter covering same
ifl.oooc/s pa i,4 c n CROSSOVER NET- |S/(J
WORK 16 ohm Id/O 12 LITTIE NEWPORT ST., LONDON, W.C.2
band
carriage(for15/-.
export, or iiecnced use). Price 46.16.0.
A Music Relay
SUPER
800mA. SILICON
0/-; or EECT.
completeT.V..withetc..
Instr.1,200reslrtor,
PIV (Le/cester Square Tube Station)
condenaer, 7/0; 400 PIV KW 6A, 6/-; 200 PIV HW MJSIATBBB TRAS8IST0RISED
small fully transistorised tunableBFOBFO
DBTTS.
unit This
wll!
B A, 0/-. enable any set to receive CW or S8B reception.
Compact single hole fixing. Full fitting details.
Btnmped envelope forRadios,
full selection and bargain BATTERY EUIMINATORS Only 49/0, P. * P. 3/6.
Q0era In Multtmetera, Baby Alarma, Inter- The ideal way of running your TRANSISTOR MOYIRO COIL EEADPHOHES AlfD MICRO-
eoras, Walkle-Talkies, Rectifiers and Eagle Lists, RADIO, RECORD PLAYER,TAPE RECORDER, PHOHES. Brand new In makers" cartons, 26/-. P. A
UNDER £1—P. S P. fid. OVER £1 post free, AMPLIFIER, etc, Typei available:
C.O.O. 3/6. MAIL ORDER OKXY. 4|v (tingle output) 39/6 each. -P. A 7v; 7Iv:6v:
P. 2/9. P. h/..
9v + 9v; 6v + 6v; or 4{v + AJv (two tcparate Heal ComponenJ Centre open at this address.
DURHAM SUPPLIES outputs) 42/6 each. All
output required. P. 4theP. 2/9.
abovePleate
unitsttate
are
367F, KENSINGTON STREET completely isolated from mains by double gjitglobe scientific ltd
wound sransformer ensuring lOO'L, safety,
BRADFORD 8, YORKSHIRE R.C.S. PRODUCTS (RADIO) LTD. DEPT. P.E. 18.24LEEDS
CAWOODS
(Dept. p.E.). 31 Oliver Road. London. C.I7 MTT.T. STREET, 9 YARD,
830
PARKERS SHEET
METAL FOLDING
MACHINES electroValue
HEAVY VICE
Rapid Mail Order Service
MODELS
With Bevelled Former Bar* UNBEATABLE VALUE IN NEW SEMICONDUCTORS
Carr. Itee 30 watt BAILEY AMPLIFIER coroplstocnt
No. !• Capacity 18 gauge mild ste«! x 36iii, wide £12.10.0 UJ481 npntj
MJ491 pnp P , output
oattmt l21B0 40381 18/8; 40362
12.19.0 BC12812/-; BCI0718/0;
8/9; BC125
BC109 Uhl
Z;8.
No. 2. Capacity 18 gauge mild steel x 24in. wide £7.5.0
No. 3. Capacity 16 gauge mild steel x (Bin. wide £7.5.0 «S82 matched pair drireuigUO.8
Also new bench models. Capacities 48in, x IB gauge £40. 36in. x 18 gauge Tata) lor one channel *7,8.0 list; with 10% Ulscount only £6.13.3.
£25. 24in. x 16 gauge £24. Carriage free. Total tor two chonxteia £14.16.0 list; with. lfi% dlsconnt only *18.11.8.
End folding attachments for radio chassis. Tray and Box making for 36m.
model, 5/6 per ft. Other models 3/6- The two smaller models will form O.K. £52928 PLASTIC range; 18V200niW:
flanges. As supplied to Government Departments, Universities, Hospitals. Sed spot f! - 86 to 110 8/8 Yellow spot 0 =• 150 to 300 8/0
One year's guoronlee. Money refunded if not satisfied. Send for details, Orange spot 3 =■ SO to 180 8/6 Green spot 0 935 to 470 8/-
2N2928, our choice of colonr 8/2 each, 10 for 21/-
A.l.fARKER.FoMineMathineWorks, Uppet(iei»gtS<.,He<kmDmlHike, Voifcs, Hetkmondeike 3997 Hlgh reliability ceramic types arailabte:
082926 red 8/9; orange 4/-; yellow 4/3; CS292S 2SY0 = 233 to 470 8/-.
TEXAS
30V 800mASILECTnpn range BC107
300mWSERIESSOOMHz ft TOIS
2N3704 BC107 40V 0 =■ 123 to 600 8/9
HI-FI AUDIO PRINTED CIRCUITS 2N3708 fi6 -- 4860 to
to 186
830 4/-
3,'8 BC108
BC109 20V
20V ge -= 196
240 to
to 900
900 2/8
8/8
28V 20<lmA pnp
READY DRILLED WITH CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS 2N3702
2113703 d
0 =• 60
30 to
to 300
160 4/-
8/9 BC107 SERIES
small algoal npn ISOmW SOOMHz IT T092
IPre-Amplifier for magnetic p.u., etc. plus high impedance 2S3707
2N37110low- noise180 to4/6960 4/~ BC167 46V 0 ~ 126 to 600 8/8
• circuit or high impedance circuit with tone control comple- BC168
BC169 20V 20V 00 «- 240
126 toto 900
900 2/3
2/-
ment. Two Boards make complete Hi-Fi Pre-Amplifier. 17/- per Board. small signal pltp BG109 and BC169 are low noise.
2N4068 low noise 6/- BC1S7, BCI68 and BC169 are plastic.
JJpP O Complete circuit board for 5 watt + 5 watt rms transistor 2274062 0 - 180 to 680 4/8
nUO.L, ampiifter and high impedance Pre-Amplifier. Mains Powered.
Heat sinks mounted on circuit board. SO/- per Board. PETi MPFI0S 26V max., gra ■ 2 to emA/V, low noise 8/-.
2133819 26V max., gm ; 2 to 6niA/V, low noise 10/-.
All components supplied separately or in kit form. ADVICE IS Many others In stock Including :
FREE. AFTER SALES SERVICE GUARANTEED. Styling ond results 2N1802 *h 2N8064 40406 16/8 BC164
must more than satisfy. Chassis, Facias. Cabinets made to order. 2N1303 2X3086 20/- 16/8 40408 14/8 BD121 16/- NKT281 6/1
18/- NKT401 19/2
Coffer* welcome. S.A.E. far lists. 3X1304 41- 41- 2S3241A 7/6 AC126 6/6 B012S 84/3
2N3242A 9/8 AC128 81- BPX29 12/8 NKT403 14/10
2NI308
2N1306 4/- 7/6 NKT404 14/6
AUDIO COMPONENTS AND SERVICES 8/9 2X3390
2X3391A 81- AC187K
AC188K 19/-
pr. BPX84
BFX8B NKT406 18/-
2N1307 6/9 2X3392 6/8 ACY18 BPY60 7/9
SOUND STUDIOS, BELL HILL (OFF CROWN HILL), 2SI308
2NIS09 8/9
8/9 2X3402 7/8
8/1 ACm9 4/11
Sill BPY61 6/8
6/- HKTTIS 6/8
CR0YD0N, SURREY. PHONE 688 3706 2N1613 6/fl 2X3403 6/- ACT20 4111 BSX20 4/8 OA47 8/- KKT781
1/9
2N171I 7/4 2X3405 8/9 ACY91 6,' 8 BY238 319
2N210O 12/11 14/6 2X3416 0/- ACY22 8/3 BYX10 4/8 OA70 OA81
»/-
8/-
2N8946 2X3418 6/9 ACY40 8/8 C407 4/9
2GS01
20302 8/11 2X8663 11/3 AD 149 17/8 D29A4 71- OA90 1/8
6/5 2X3706 3/3 AD161 AD162 81- 8/- EC401 41- OA91 1,1
20303 6/3 2X3710 8/8 ASYS8
88 9X3730 MJESTl 21/6 OA96 1/8
20306 16/8
2O308 6/9 2X3731 21/6 EC 122 818 XKT214 818 MJE621 18/6 OA99 8/-
TWO SCOOPS FROM 'KING'S" 90309 7/9 2X4061 4/6 BC147 4/8 NKT217 12/- OA209 8/- 4/2
20371 3/8 2X4443 82/8 BCI48 3/9 XKT26I 4(2 OC71 «/«
2N2926
2N3063 6/9 40260 15/- BC149 4/9 XKT271 4/8 xtaeo j/«
CONTINUOUS LOOP 6/8 40319 14/3 BCI63 12/- XKT274 4/8 T1801 6/9
(NEVER ENDING - NO REWINDING) Zener dlodea SV to 27V 6% 400n)W all preferred voltages, 4/8 each.
BEAK BO0hxI) tCm-RiT
8/-; lOOffc or A'O.Ko.80/-, 8 Pack, 12/8; adhesive
Perforated board O copper strip,6In
lio matrix 611 -xx 8}in,
J or V,4/-:
In,
TAPE CASSETTE 2}ln x 31In, 2/6; 21n x SJin-l/B.
ALL PEAK SOUND PRODUCTS AS ADVERTISED
BULK PURCHASE ♦SUPER QUALITY NEW RESISTORS
Csrbon film Ugh Itate, low noise;
RIDICULOUS PRICE iW 6% lO; to istn 1/10 doz., 14/8 per 100.
1W
JW 6%10%4-70
4 7ntotolOMO1CIM08/2 1/8doz.,
doz..17/-
18/8per
per100.
100.
IW 10% 4-70 to 10MQ 8/8 doz., 26A0 per 100.
IDEAL BACKGROUND MUSIC - LANGUAGE i/6
Please atate resistance values reqalted. of one ohmic vnlne,
less per 100 If ordered in complete 100'e
COURSES, ETC. 200ft. HIGH QUALITY AMPEX QUALITY CARBON SKELETON PBE-SETS: 1000. 2600. 600Q, 1KO, 2KO.
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TAPE. WILL FIT ALL TAPE RECORDERS. 2MO. 2 8MQ,
Available 6MQ, 10MO.
In horizontal or vertical rooauting, 1/- each.
CANNOT BE REPEATED ELECTROLYTICS, 8TTB-MIN., C426 range OrPfV): 0 84/64. 1/40. l-9/a6, 2-6/16.
NEARLY ALL GONE | Q f each 3-6/64. 4/10, 4/40. 6/64. 6-4/6-4, 6-4/98, 8/4. 8/40. 10/2-6. 10/16, 10/64. 12-6/26. 19/10,
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HURRY! NOW ONLY lO/" P&PM 180/2-6, 200/6-4,200/10. 260/4. S20/2-S, 320/6-4, 400/4, 600/2-6,1/4 each.
ELECTROLYTICS. MINIATURE(irP/V>; 5/10,10/10.10/26,26/10,60/10, Weach.
26/26. 60/26.100/10,200/10.1/- each. 60/60 8/-, 100/60,8/8.
ALSO POTENTIOMETERS (short spindle); 100Q to lOMO lin. 6KQ to 6SI0 tog g/8 each,
Dual (long spindle); 10K. 26K, 60K. 100K lin or log, 10/8 each.
BARGAIN PRICED—PHILIPS TYPE CASSETTES
♦ALL GOODS BRAND NEW *N0 " SECONDS " OR SURPLUS
TO FIT ALL CASSETTE RECORDERS OOMPOlfEJfT DISCOtTHTS: 10% 16% for
for total
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order ralne
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exceeding *10*8 list.
list.
TYPE C.90 LASTS Mrs. 18/11d Post and Packing: up to £1—1/-. Free on order over £1.
OVERSEAS ORDERS WELCOMED—Carriage at coat.
TYPE C.60 LASTS 1 Hr. 12/11d SEND 1/- for our catalogue containing data on 200 up-to-date semlconductora
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table. InvaluRble wellseriona
as manyexperimenter
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at best
SEND NOW. (post & pack 6cl each) poeslbie prices.
Stores telephone No. EGHAM 5S33 (STD 0784-7)
KING'S TELE-SERVICE CO. ELECTHOVALCE
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FULHAM 1668-2998
831
EXCLUSIVE OFFER
KITS for
Capacitors,TransformerleM
Potentiometers, Amplifierj,
Carbon ZENER DIODES, and
Film Resistors ASSORTMENTS
branded new. ef
ORIGINAL TRANSISTORS
(Excerpt from our SPECIAL OFFER B/<968)
KIT No. 7 for high quality, high power6A.P.
amplifier trensformerless
transistors'JOW only 59/- "
Supply voltage 30V
Working current 40—1,300mA
Loud-speaker connection -4 ohm
Input voltage at max. vol. 20mV
Input resistance 2Kohm
RADIO Frequency range
Printed circuit panel for KIT No. 7 20Hz—20KHg 13/-
TECHNICIAN The
ZENERcircuitDIODES
diagram IandW the
4-3, parts list6-0.
5-6, 6-2, are 7-5.
enclosed with10.every
8.2. 9-1. KIT 2/4 each
11. 12V
ASSORTMENTS of ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
TRAINING ORDER No.;
DIO 3 100 p. germanium diodes sub-miniature 13/4
IN THE TRA
ZE 101I 50 10 p.
p. different transistors
zener diodes different values 2S0mW-IW 13/4
22/6
ELKO I 30 p. I.f. Electrolytic capacit. sub-min.
KER 1 100 p. disk-, tubular-and pearl capac. 20 val. xS good tel. 16/-
12/6
KON I 100 p. plastic foil condens. 20 val. x 5 good sel. 12/6
EIN
WID t1-1/8 10 p.
100 p. adjust,
carbon potentiom.
film resist., ohm values
resist., axial,20
axial, good select.
i V 20 val. 8/6
WiD M/2 100 p. carbon film val. xx 55 12/-
12/-
BRAND NEW ORIGINAL TRANSISTORS
AC 153 ACeguiy. 120 1/4 AF 144
Vacancies exist in the Royal Australian Air Force
for men who are interested in being trained in the AC 188K AC 170 2/- AF 27 = AC 127 1/6 AF 149 -- AF AF 117
116
AD 136 2/3 AF 142 = AF 114 21- 1 RF 107 - BC 107
Technical Radio fields. Applicants should be AO ISO OC 26 3/6 AF 143 w AF I IS I/1/9 2N 706 - BSV 62
All goodstoBRAND
Subject priorare NEW of HIGH QUALITY, fully guaranteed. NET Prices
sale.
United Kingdom citizens resident in the U.K. Our deliveries ex stock Zurich/Switzerland by air-mail C.O.D. Postage
aged between 18 and 33 years. Qualified and packing will be charged at self-costs.
personnel up to the age of 43 years are also Please request our complete free SPECIAL OFFER B/1968.
We shall be very pleased to receive your trial order:
invited to apply.
Free passage to Australia is provided
for families and pay commences from EUGEN QUECK Ingenleur-BUro
date of enlistment in London. Import-Export
CH-8810 HORGEN Bahnhofstr. 5
Further information can be provided by writing or phoning: - Switzerland
RAAF CAREERS OFFICER (Dept. P.E. ) AUSTRALIA HOUSE o
STRAND, LONDON W.C,2 Telephone No: 01-836 2435
832
VALUABIE NEW HANDBOOK
^^■TOAMNTNUS
RADIO &TV
SERVICING
• RADIOS, RADIOGRAMS
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SEE ON BA CK FOB YOUR FREE TRIAL FORM
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POPULAR WIODELS—1968 RIGHT BACK I gnnn □ is
"E ~
SERVICING DATA
FOR ALL THESE MAKES
Aiwa, Alba, Baird (including colour TV).
Beogram, Beolit, Bush, Carousel, Cossor,
Dansette, Decca, Defiant, Dynaport,
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Circuit diagrams Ever Ready, Ferguson, Ferranti. Fidelity,
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Radio.
«rn iZHWU * c^p
f c!/ ^
mn nrifP latest DEVELOPMENTS IN
J LiUUCHJ RADIO & TELEVISION w c:
Component layout diagrams Including—Integrated Tuners, Stereo Multiplex r-,o-5t=
o r- as
Broadcasting—The Zeni|h-G.E. System: Re- 83
ceiver, Decoder and adjustments. Aerial, etc. o: - t A.
Colour TV Receivers, Colour TV Test Card F, «OS c in -n m
Servicing Transistor Equipment, Chemical Aids
to Servicing. Batteries and Rechargeable Cells, > ?.■=
C- vtM'r tv^>-
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PRACTICAL ELECTRICAL
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Licence No. OF. 381/1 lation Work of all Kinds—
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BUCKINGHAM PRESS LTD. Equipment—Motors and
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18-19 WARREN STREET, ■ ments. Operation, Main-
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CNGLANPS UAP/NG COMPOM£NTL EQUIPMENT CENTRBS
bUUU STATE-HIGH FIDELITY Acc/Qtmed by every one
AUPIO [QUIPMin THE MAYFAIR ELECTRONIC
Audio Equipment developed from ORGAN
Dinsdale Mk. (1—each unit or system A CMOpJetely rww developmem in portable electronic musical
will compare favourably with other tasirumeats and a new fictd for thef home constructor. The A
professional equipment selling at much 'MAYFAIR'
with a wide produces
ranee of tone a nmJiitude of me moft
colours suitable pleasingor popular
for classic sounds IT n
higher prices. nKrtic. Theasofgan
COMPLETE SYSTEMS Supplied a kit ofis fully
partspolyphonic,
which includes that 165 is lulltransisiOfS,
chords canprimed
be playad
drcuitovor the entir«
parvefs, specialkeyboard.
fufly Sprung
FROM and depth of touch adjusted keyboard. attraciivB vynair covered cabinet with carry handle. A complefo
detailed and Ulustwed conanjction manual is provided witti circuits
spread by purchasing the componejita packet by packer. AH parts supplied are fulty guaranteed. and full parts list Cost canFull
be
£15.5.0 alter sales—
•THE FINEST VALUE IN HIGH FIDELITY-
CHOOSE A SYSTEM TO SUIT YOUR Of frtt'OyabJe anlefta/nmtnt. TOTAL COST 99 Gns.
NEEDS AND SAVE POUNDS ORGAN COMPONENTS • Defemed lemis available, BUILT ANO TESTED
AH units available separately. We carry . comprehensive stock COMPLETE KIT Doposil £36,3.0 ft
ol oraan componems loc Deposit £23.19.0.
SEND FOR 16 PAGE BROCHURE (No. 21)TODAY! PHASE dasigne. TRANSISTOR AND VALVE FREE 12 momhty payments of £7. £3. total £144.8.0. o<
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DEMONSTRATIONS DAILY AT '303' EDO WARE ROAD TOTAL £113,19.0. EXPORT ENQUIRIES
Ask (or BROCHURE 3 Cull in Seeitond play it yoursalf. INVITED
TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER (BRITISH MADE CAR RADIOS
INTEGRATED 7 WATT AHPUPIEH & PHEAMPUFIER —MA7 .rWlM^aWI road So euy to ihtialf and operaie—and ihe price U txadly rlghc Ha$ Quick puah-
With full Bass Treble and Volume Control* butroo operaTion
Co..
A briliafir
magneiicevvd nvw design
cryiul/cwamic sviwbffl la'
centld©#*,home or fwltble
radrospeakan. locielliiloni. For um
tunen. mJcrophem*. upo hold raplay frequency.with Manual tuning (acilifles. Puah^butioo comrol.forOutput
immQdiaie
of 3 staiion
J wattsseloction eod choice
eniuiM oriao, ot Modlum
top quellty aoundofivan
Ioobat high
J auxiliary inputs. Output is for 3 to 16 ohm moiwiflfl apeeds, price ioctudei 7' x 4' spaakar. fun accessoties end imlfucdom.
It levoura
freedom the user in sobane.ies
toDns,operatehorn msnv ways—with
or mtiot powerfantaatic
sopplypowgr.
onll with
(the farnewfKa*iar
PS ^0•daptJb'
la Ideal Hfoiity.thla).
wllh POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE EARTH EASI-TUNE £12,12.0, pp. 4/6
ht-lHhMBllai'
7-wan amplUle' it Supplied electronic
ready built,puiiius
teiucdandandorgans. PA Inatallgtion*.
gaarvileed. imwoom, wittma, ale. Thla Icoa AUTOBAHN
TUNE, but with aMANUAL
lingH MW/LW«Push ,ho Bunon.
EASI- rtAirtr. pp. vt 0
tlV.IW.l/,
for contfitof h'tfeninff sitlsfmCtion, FOR ONLY £8/10/0 P.P. 4/-. CAR AERIALS * *3-Section Single Hole Wing or Bool Mounting 19/6 Brochuf« 15
(OPTIONAL MAINS UNIT PS,2062/2, P.P. 3-.) Illustrated Brochure No. 12- Mulii Section fufly disappearing type with locking devlca. single hoi®
mounting 35/- Post free wirti Car Radio or pp. 2/6 separately.
BUILD THESE NEW MODELS
PRACTICAL DESIGNS NOMBREX DO IT YOURSELF
TRANSISTORISED MW/LW PORTABLE
I.C.F.M. TUNER £5.2.6. 40B LIST T«« Equipment New primed circuit design with
PRICE Letflel full power output- Fulfv
Switched P.M. Tuner £3.17.6. 39B MODEL
22 Power Supply 14 0 0 22 push-pull circuiL Filled7 5transistors
E s. d. No. On botfffmw/lw bands. phis(unable
diode,
Fluorescent Camping 30 Audio Generator 18 10 0 24 tarme aerial and Mulfard transistors. inch speaker, Jarge MUL1ARD 1 WATT AMPLIFIER
WITH VOLUME CONTROL
Ught £3.2.6. 43 31 R.F. Genefetor 12 10 0 25 with torrific resute. All local and Easy to build Suitable
Continental 7 x4 inch 3 ohm speaker 17/6
Lai us Pave your enquiries for parts for' 32 C.H. Brirtfle 10 10 0 26 stations. Ideal for Portable Record Players. Inter-
current PW and PE designs. SA.E 33 Inductance 3 rkjg o 20 0 0 29 TOTAL COST £6.19.6-
PLEASE. Send for descriptive iifuatrated Brochure. TO BUILD Scnd for Brochure P.P. 4/6 For 9 Volls operation. etc.^
Comms. Baby Alarms £" i pp.
*+ 3 / ~ 3/6d.
ITS SO EASY TO BUILD TO VHF FM SLTPERHET
•S-MUILABD TRANSISTORS TUNER
6 * DIDOES MK1I
* 300 Kc/« NEW —MALLORY LONG LIFE GARRARD DECKS
PROFESSIONAL
ToDECK
9«Typ* 363, STANDARDS
MAGNAVOX STUDIOMATIC BANOWIDTK * REPRODUCTION
PfllKTCO CIRCUIT COWSTfiUCTION MERCURY BATTERIES
fitCOROAKIT. Thn *■ NIGH
MATCHESFIOtUTY
AUDIO MK <1 EQUIPMENT MONO AND STEREO 50% OFF LIST PRICES
comonMs a high 6 B amptlf^y And J*B- A popular VMF FM Jgnc*
r>ow uaadt<* gualliy
tfwoughcHjt the - ■PM12.r.i,1-as Voh* 3600 m/aH OUR PRICE 5/-each
ssarvljarMfcwmeti cu, couoiry racaption RM625
COnlrOl knot*—in
MAKING f«c* bvptvIM.
A SUPERB . _
TAPE al rnanophonrc and. with the 8.10-35
Pack ofPRICE SueW-vote
2ixf 350d.a,m/aH
Mh«n atbufttmuch,
rwiea wRI COmpATB
yal yow fairooobtr
need no' wilhRECORDER,
ax^ononca instrumenu
or lachmral
which, ckcodc tfanoohonic Ixoad-
costing
?kii casi*. Tnetc = IsFMno? doubt OUR
Easily t&' i i Into aachl.tevxefis.
eight
(oBUILDING
bring rhilabotit-THE These callswheraate ideal f«SIZE
any
EASY ano INSTRUCTIONS
success assureo. MANUAL MAKES the application
HIGH CAPACITY SMALL
and LONG
TOTAL
DECODEH COST Cfi.19.*.
fS.IS.B. LIFE required- OUAHTItY
(CABINET 20/- EXTRA) ASK FOR LEAFLET 3. BRAND NEW All below list price
TRANSISTORS. RECIIFJtRS. ZENERS, SCfl' « TUNNEL" TRANSISTORS- 2026LMMono/Slerto
300 wnh 9TAHC B 10
DIODES. FIELD EFFECT TVPES. VALVES. CRYSTALS
New 1968 32-paga Booklet SEMICONDUCTORS SP2&MKII
LA08O MK It .. 120 1012
Price 1 /- Post Paid COMPLETELY NEW 1968 LIST OF 1000 AT60 ATSO Mk..ll
TWO TRACK. Dack, Ampllhei, Cabinei and Soeaker. Circuits with Data, Details and Prices of types available from slock. Send for your 403600MkMono/Srweo U
Cofrvplate over 2000 different types. FREE COPY TODAY. (List No. 36)
ipara spoolkiteToday
with sMICROPHONE
value CSS. OUR7 inPRICE 1,200 36It, tape,
gna. This booklet is a must for every enthusiast. S C.R.'s from S/-
AP7S
SLS5 .... II 2113 1010
FOUH-TRACK. wdhDack,sMICROPHONE
Amolifier. Cabinet1.200 and speaker.
ComplBta
spara kkjoI.kiteToday' Value C60. OUR7 inPRICE 39It. tape,
gns. We
MANUFACTURERS — DISTRIBUTORS. Fiald Effect Transistors
also publish a QUANTITY, SEMI- from 9/6' SL65 SL75
SL95MK II
1«32 10If
3913 1310
ALL UNITS AVAILABLE SEPAHATELY. Both 22/6 CONDUCTOR
P.P.models BULLETIN. .
Please write to us for your copy. Power Transistors from 5/- ,A70 Send lot lllusliBied biochuras 16.17
ASK FOR BROCHURE 6. Diodes and Reclitiers from 1/6 Complole fango ol accessorlBS availabls
HI'FI equipment to suit EV£RYPOCK£T
Ask for Hi-Fi- Stock List Leaflet 16.17 illustrated catalogue
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