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GaTkH H Mae: AIA OMpeMeNeHHA TM OMOPHEIK peaKIUHii MOH COCTARIT HeTApe YpARHeHTEA CTaTIKH (ortommMTenbHOe ypaBnenme "wsrHOaIOMUM MoMeHT 2 maprHpe E paren nymio"). PasiocTs Mex7y uHc0M DCAKIDIH H KOUNFCCIBOM Ypabliceiall CTXTNKEH PaBii CLMELING, 70 ccT: Gala ONE Pas CTAITICCKH Hoompencrnaa.wp =0 op =0 TIMune cBasH coopyxxcinit MoxHO yaananD, He Hapyulad xX reoMerpHecKOH UeHSMeuxemoctH. HanpuMmep, YAMENHEM OTIOPHBIX KepTIKAMBABK cRssei BM C Hepaspesnax Ganka mpeoOpasyetes RB KORCONBADI cTepKeHb, BBCICHHEM LLIMHIPHYeCKHX mapHHpos K u L — B cramueck onpenenuMyio AByXxnpoEMy!o cocTaBHyl0 Ganky (pyc. 4.1,a). Yaanne ws crammueckw HeonpenemmMoi dbepwet cTepxeH® 14 van 34, nomysHM 7a BapHaHTa cTATHECKH ONPENeIMMOM MapHHPHO-CTepKHEBOH CHCTEMBI C MpoctoH cipykrypoii (puc. 4.1.6). Crammeck Heonpenernmas ABYXUIApHUpHAR Pama Nocne y7ancHHA ropwoHTanBHOi CRASH onops B npespamactca a noMaHBili cTepKeH, npHKperniémubrit K ANCKY "sevmTa" mapHHpOM A H BepTHKaTbHOit CASEI, OCB KOTOPO! He MpoXomHT Yepes maprup A. Bacrenvem iuaMHApHecKoro mappa C Ta Ke paMa Mpcobpasyeres B CTAMHECKH onpeReTMMYto TPExuLapHMpHyo pamy (puc. 4.1.6) Pue,d.1 OcoSermiocTuio Rex AMUIINX cBsBel, YATE HS CTATMECKH HeOMpeseTUMBIX CHCTEM, NOKASAHHBIX cs1eRa na puc. 4.1, sBIIeTCA TO, "TO peakINH B THX OT RHEUM RoszelieTHii ¢ HOMOMIGIO ypanneMmii cTanHKN OnpeneTHTs HemKaa, JT CRIGH HASKRAIOTe yevosno HeobxodumbiMu, BMecTe ¢ TEM, R COCTARE PACCMOTPEHHBN coopyKeri HMEIOICA CRASH, YCWIMR B KOTOPKIX OMPEsLeIMOTEA HS YCAIOBHIi PABHOBECHA: TOpHSOHTANSHAA CRAs OTIOpbI A HepaspsIBHOi Gamkn (pue. 4.1,a), eTepxHH A2,23, Al, A3 depMei (pic. 4.1,6), BepTMKanBHBIe cRAIH MATOBBIX wiapuupos A u B pamui (pyc. 4.1,6). Take cBasH HashiBalorea a6comomno neobxodumomu. Vx ysaieune NpeHpamacr salannoe COOpYACHHE B TEOMETPHIECKH HEMCHATOMY10 WHI MTHORCHO HEMeTIAEMYIO CHCTEMY. Cuenyer pasmman anewne cmamuuecku Heonpederumme uM anympenne cmamuyecku Heonpedeaumote Buewne cmamuuecku neonpederAuMoii HasuiBalor TakylO CHCTEMY, KOTOpad HMCeT TONEKO AHIIEHEBHCUIHHe CBA3H, T.¢. MHINHHe ONOpHbie 3akpemicHHa. | IpHMcpoM BHCINHe CTaTHYCCKH HeOMpescAMMOH IWIOCKOH CHCTEMBI ABIACICA TPeXmIporeas pama (Puc. 5). Puc.S Crenem crammeckoit HeomperenmMocTH BHEMTHE cTaTAYecKH HeonpereTMMo cueTeMnt S nerko yeTaHORTT YTEM BLIMKTAHMA 43 OGULETO SHCA ONOPHBIX crepAxueH m KOMMECTRO HesaBHCHMUIX ypaBHeHHi pasioBecus n, KOTOPOE MOET GRITS COCTARTEHO [UIA TAHHOH CHCTEMEI (OHO — U8 OHOMEPHBN; TPH — JIE TIOCKHK H MeCTR — sUT8 lIpOCTPAHCTREHHBIX CHCTEM). n=C-¥, @ rae C — snex0 caaseii, naxnanbinaeMsix Ha KoKeTpyKniHo; Y — HCO BOSMOAMEIX HesaRHCHMEIX ypanserti PABHORECHA, KOTOPHIe MOKHO COCTABHTE jUIA Pace MaTpHBAeMOH CHCTEMEL Jus miocKoii past, wsoSpaxermoii ua puc.5, ysimmmas, 470 sallleMMeHHe 9KBHBATeHTIO TpeM OM1OpHEIM cTepakHM, Hony'aem: C=342241=8 n= C-V=8-3=5, re, AaHwas cucTeMa 5 pas crammeckH Heompertenmna. Crenenb 206001 npu exeueli crammeckoii Heompenenumoctx onpesesietca 10 dbopmyste: W=2UL+Co-3A., rae J —NMen0 KeCTKHX ANCKOR, 13 KOTOPEIX COCTOHT cTepaHERAA CHCTEMA; I — sue:10 upoctsix mapHpos, coemmimouUX Mexly Cobol xecTKNe juCKH, EcsmH mlapHMp coejumeT Goxee ABYX JIMCKOB, TO OH HASKIBACTER KPATHRIM H page d- TpOCTAIM MapHpaM (d— “HCO CoeMMHAEMEIX UCKOR); Co — “nico onopuin crepaneli, naroxkerbIX Ha cHcTeMy. Tpanwto (1) ma onpenenerma ctenenm ctammeckoit HeompenermMocTt MpmMermoT TomBKO TUT MpocTErK cHcTem. B Gonee cnoxKHBX cmy¥asx 970 MpaswIo He paGoract. Ha puc.6 mpercTasnena pama, cTeriens cTaTHHecKoit HeoMperlemMocTH KOTOpoll, ToMEsyaCh ypaBitenHem (1), OMPerLeMHTs HeBOSMOXHO. D, Am B ord Puc.6 Breume, cucrema, mpunelentiat Ha pue.6, mats pas crammeckn Heonpesterma, 910 JerKo yeTaHoRIT oMoubo ypanneuns (1): HS WecT BHCUINX cHaReli (IpH _B ceNeMMM A, TPA B cereHuH Bu awa B ceseumm C) BEIMMTUOTCA Tp. BOIMOAHBIE YPABHEHIKE PaBHOBecuMs, OAWAKO, OTA CHCTEMA OGrasACT eMIe H BHYTpeHHelt eTAMMHECKOI ueonpexenumocmio, YuecTs BHYTPeMMIOIO CTETMHECKYIO eOMPEHeHMOCT ¢ HOMOMKI ypaBlieLHs (1) HEHE, Buympenue cmamuxecku neonpederumoll NassIbalor CHCTEMY, OOTALAIOIIY1O THLITHMH CBASAMEH, IMI JUL BSAHMHOTO COeAMHEHHA HacTeHi CHETEME Tipexae, sem nepeling k onpexesenmo CreTeHH CramecKoli HeoNpeseAUMOcM paMDl, HOGpaxKeHHO!L Ha puc.6, BRCICM HECKONKKO ONpenemcHHit. TepRoe 13 9THX ONpeAeNCHAi RKMOYACT B CCGA TOHATHE O MpOCTOM IApHHpe. Tpocmom vassmaetea maprmp, coeammmomunii wea eTepxust (PHC. 7). Bes ——. Pue.7. Tpoctoii mapxup Lapaup, coeamumomuit HecKonbKo cTepxneii, HaspiBaetcr cromcnetm (puc.8).Puce.8. Cnoxssiii nrapaup Yneao npocTx iapHHpos, KoTOpbIe MOTYT 34MeHHTS OHH CHOAHBH LapHM, onpenenuMt #3 opmy.tbt: W=cr-1 @ rae CT - sexo crepaneli, BXOASILNK B yest. Tlepecwnmes csioxxnsiii mapnup, wso6paxcunbiit 1a pic.8 8 Yeo NpocTsIX MapHUpoD ¢ HoMoUIsIO @opMy.ts (2): IIKS-1=4. Taxva oGpasom, enoxkHET mapHHp, WOGpaKcHHEI Ha PHC.8, MOKHO SaMCHITs TeTAIPEMs MpocTAIMH rapHupan, Baesem eute oso House — samKnym sit KouMyp. JoKaxen Teopemy: 060i samKnym oii KONMYP mpu pasa cmamurecku neonpedenum. Toa aoxasateanema TeopeMbt paceMOTPHM SaMKHy li KOMTYp, Harpy KEN BHELINME CHEM (pu. 9). 8) Ms LA af | Q:| th p, Paspexem saMKHytoili KOHTYP BepIIKATBHKIM CeveHHeM MH MOKWKEM BHYTpeHHMe cMNOBKIe bakTOpE, BOSIINKAIONIME B MecTe ceNeni, B KAKKOM HS CevenHit BOSHMKALOT IPH BUYIPeUUAX daktopa: Honepestias cua Q, rarAGaromtaii MoMeHT M Ht nposobHtag cia N, Boero Ha Kakiy¥o Ho OTCCHEHTTN HacTei KOMTYPa KPOME BHCHTHR. cH nelicTByIOT MecTs BHYTpeMHMX daxTopos (pHc.9,6,4). PaccMarpHBad paBHonecne oso 13 oTCeTeMHEK waACcTei HaNpUMep, TeBoH (puC.9,6), BHLACHAEM, TO saflava TPH pasa CTUTIMECKH HeOMpeneAUMa, TAK KaK 1A OTCeueHHOH YacTH MOAHO COCTARMT BCEFO TPH HE3ARHCHMBIX YPARHEHV PABHORECHLA, a HEMSHECTHBIX CHLT, jlelicTRyIOLIUAX Ha OTCeeHHYIO TacTs, ecTs. TaKHM OGpasOM, CTereHs CTATIMeCKOH HeOMpeyeMHMOCTH 3aMKHYTOrO KoHTypa paBHa n~6-3-3. Teopema oKasaKa. Teneps, Hcnoastya noHEMe 0 NPOCTOM ULApHHpe H 32MKHYTOM KOHTYpe, MOXKHO chopMyAMPoBATS cule O70 NPaRWiIO jULA OMpeneseHHA CTeNEHM CTaTHHeCKOii HeoMpesteMHMOcTH: n=3K -I1, ® rae K— sneao samxuynsx komrypa; I — suesio mapumpos # nepecsere 1a mpoctste (2). Tloassysck ypasientem (3), OUpeuenuM CIeleHb CLAMMecKOi HeoUpedexUMOcTA paMbl, Hs0GpaxKenuoli Ha puc.6. Pama uMeer ims Komypos K=5, Bkmo4as KOHTyp, oGpasyeMnlit onopHHIMA crepkHaMM. LapHap 6 ysire D npoctoli, TaK KaK cocmmuser JuBa crepxus. Hapuup & cevenu K — caorkunili, aK KAK CocAMINeT HeTIpe CTepAI Une MPOCTAX MapHHpOR, KOTOPHE MOrTH Oh SaMeHHTS WapHHp B cereHHH K, pasHO mo dbopmyse (2): LIR4-1=3. Ulapamp C Takxke smaseTes cHIOKHEIM, TAK KAK COIMMUET TPH cTepxns. [aa 210ro maprupa L-3-1=2. Kpome Toro, CHCTeMa HMeeT eMlte JIRA TPOCTEM MapHUpa, ¢ MOMOMTBIO KOTOPKIX KPerIMTeR K OCHORAHMO, TaKHM oGpasom, HCO NPOCTLIX IMapHHpoR & cHeTeMe paso II-R. Tlonctassiaa Heo saMKHyTEIX KORTypoB K H “HCO mpocTsIX wapHMpor UL 8 dopmysy (3) onperensem crenenb crammuecKoit neompexenuMocTH pambr m =3-5—8=7. Takum o6pasom, WOGpaKeHHaT Ha pyc. 6 paMa, CeMB pas CTATIMECKH HeompentemHMa, A 970 O3HaaeT, WO WTA pacteTa TOAOGHOHT CHCTEMHL HEOGXOHMO COCTABHTS jONOJIHHTEIBHO K TPeM YPARHEHHIM PaRHORECHA CeMb ypaBHeHKli COBMeCTHOCTH repopMamii. Pettiag TonyvexHyro TaKHM O6pasoM cHcTeMy #3 10 ypaBHeHMtt OTHOCHTEABHO HEISBECTABIX, BXOTAIINK 8 STH YPARHEHIGH, MOXKHO OMDe/eNWTS KaK BEAHUMEI peaKIUi BO BHEMIMNX CBASAX, TAK M BNYTperMMe ycHMEE, pOsHMKaIoMMe B paMe. IIpouenypy PelIeHHA 9TOH saTAIH MOAHO HECKOABKO YNPOCTHTS, HCKINONHB HS CHCTEMEI ypantiewii ypasiietis pasnonecus. Aayxouopuax pawa ¢ sammxxoii (puc. 10, a) enyipenue om pas crammecka Heoupexemmma, Crmnmeckn oupeyenumas cuctema (pac. 10, 6) nomy#ena v3 sayannoii (puc. 10, a) uyrem paspesauna sapoxxn ab. Vi upa somBSAHMONCHCTBHE YACTCH SADOKKH SAMCHACTCA TOJIBKO OHO HCH3BCCTHOH OCCBOH CHNOM V]. CiICHOBaTeIbHO, B CTa- THYECKH OMpENeMHMO! cHcTeMe, HE0GpaxK loit na puc. 10, 6 umeen HEBOIMOAKHO OMPeeNHTb MPH TOMOLIH MeToa ceseHHi. [oxToMy safanHaa cuctema (puc. 10, a) aBnaeTCA OTHE pas craTHueckH Heompeste1uMoii, Ecam 3apekky 2KeCTKO 3aleulatb B CTOHKH, KaK 910 NoKa3aHo Ha puc. 11, a, TO TOMy4HM TpHKABL CTAMMHECKH uleoupeneumyio CHCTEMY. Telicusueasuo, » uauiom cuyyae uocae paspesaume moKuero pureat ab, Bsaumoueiicmue vacreii ac M be Kapakiepusyeica ye IpeMa HeusRecTHBIM youmuimM Nj, Q1, Mj (pac. 11, 6), Ko1opme weiss onpenewumM HS ‘ogo sem newsn Hoe N] , KoTopoe yenosua pasuorecus, Ioxrmy cuctema, wo6paxeusiaa wa puc. 11, @ apnsetca Tp pasa BHYTpeHHe cTIMMeCKH HeompesesuMoii. P p a) 1 a) Yo @ a aaa b Puc.10 Puc.11 Orewa MOxHO cHemaTs BEIROZ, NTO B ILIOCKHX CHCTEMAX, 3aMKHYTSI GecuapHHpHBIli KOHTYP HMeeT TPH MMUIHE CRISH. CileOBATETBHO, €CH1M IIOCKAK CHCTEMA CONEPAMT N 3AMKHYTEIX KOHTYPOB, TO o1a, ONEBHIHO, Gyner 37 pas crammeckit HeompestemuMa. Ha pic. 12 nokasana miockas pana, HMeIoMlas & HepBoM (4) cHysae TPH BHELINHe CBs3H, a BO BTOPOM ciy4ae (6) — um, 3navu, w HepBOM cy'iae pana HMCCT HeOOXOANMOE Lis CTATIMECKOMl OMIPEseTHMOCTH KOSICE TRO BHCMIEIEX camici, a RO BIOPOM 2e — J1RC JONONHITENBHBIC BHEILHNe cRaIH, OsHAKO B OGeHX cINyANWAX pama cTIMMECKH HeOUPeENHMA, T.K. KOMpUFYpALUIA €€ TAKORA, HTO He LOSROUKET OMPENEUITS YCHLUNK BO BCEX ee IHEMEITTAX, HCHOMNSYs TOKO YpaBHeHHs paBnoBecns. CAeLOBATEMBHO, LIA OKOMYATEIBHOTO OTBCTA Ha BONPOC O CTAMYECKOl onpezenuMocTH CHCTEMM HEOGXOAHMO pOReeHHe CORMECTHOTO AIHA NATOKCIULIX Ha CHCTEMY RNCUINIX Ht RITyIpeUIMX casei, a a) Puce. 12 PacemorpiM sipyrHe paMbi, KoTOpBIe Conep»kar 3aMKHyTHIe KOMTYpHI (PHC. 13). P Pp P. a) 6) B) Puc.13 Hepsas pama (puc.13,a) MMeceT mecTs MpocTHIX BHEUIHHX cBAScH mpH TPEX HeOGXOAMMBIX ANA MOCKol cuctemsi, Cuegorateasno, cucrema umeer JI ~ 6 — 3 ~ 3 mime sieumme ceasn, Cuctema umecr oui samxnytot kontyp K= 1, kotopsili uMeeT 1pH aMMIHHe BHYTPeHHHe mMpoctsl m¥ecKH Heorpese1M. cRaaH, opm TBL Cneqozatensio, cTereHb cTaTmueckoii HeompenenuMocm cHctemer n =K +3R =(6-3)+3-1=6. Bropas pama (puc.13, 6) uMeeT maT BHeUMMHX mpocTHX cassei mpH Tpéx HeoGXopMMBIX. CueoBarTenbHO, J/=5-3=2 uw cucTema BHEMIHWM oGpasoM ARaxKNM CTaTMeckH Heompenenuma. Cuctema HMecT Ra SaMKHyTEX KoHTypa K=2, xaxmuit 1KOTOPLIX IPHWKUb! CTAIMIECKH HEOLPEACIMM, CICLOBATCIbHO, BHYIPCHHMM OGpasom cucrema 3K = 3-2 = 6 ween, pas Gaina Gk eTATMMCCKH HeonpereTHMa, cemM OH He GkINO BHYTpeHHero WapHHpa, TlocaeHM CoemMCT TPH CTEpAHA (m = 3) m MosToMy maér cHcTeme (m — 1) — 3-1-2 ctenerm cBoGompi. Takum o6pasom, cTereHb cBobonEI cTaTHYecKoii HEOMPeeAMMOCTH BTOPOH! PAMBI MOXKHO RBFINCTTTE To OGTeH dopmyzne: n=J1+3K-lh, a rae Ig — weno MpocTax Bpesammx maprmpos, K — aHeT0 3aMKHYTHIX KOHTYpoR, BHEHIMHX cRsSett B pesyasrate nonyuaem: n = (5-3) +3-2-2=6, Tpetsa pama (pue.13, #) mmeetJI=9-3=6, K=4, [[g=2 13 =5, exenoratemswo, n = 6 +3-4-5 = 13, Omenm, Y10 crenenb cTaTMYecKoH UeoupeseAMMOCTA CIepAUBOH CHCTEMDL H c& creneUb CBOGOUEL CBxSALEI papencTRoM n=-N, PaceMOTpHM elite HECKONEKO MPHMepOR ONpeReACHHA CTEMEHK CTAMHECKOH HEOMPEENUMOCTA CTEPAKHEEBIX H pAMHBIX CHCTEM. JT — meno sams Banka, woGpaxennas wa puc.1,a, sBiseres OjNH pas CramMueckH Heompes{esIHMOl, TAK KaK HMeeT TPH CASH Ha neBoil onlope H O/lHy CRasb Ha NpaKolt onbope. HesaBucHMEI ypaBHeHHit pasHORecHa Ana TAX! GamkH MORHO COCTARHTS TOKO pH. Taku o6pasom, cere cramueckoli Heompenemmoct Ganka n-4-3-1. Hepaspesnaa Gauk: usoGpaxenHad Ha puc.1,6 TacKe O”MH pas CTATHMECKH HEOMpeseTHMA, TAK KaK OGnagaeT ABYMA CBASAMM Ha neBoll orlope HHO OKO! CRASH Ha NPOMexyTOWHO! OMOpe H Ha upazoli ouope — Bcero veruipe cRasH. TaKHM OGpasom, creNeHs cramMueckoit HeompestemMMocTH n=4-3=1, Pawa, moGparxcuax ua puc.1,6, 1p pasa CAMMMECKH HeOUpENeAMMA, TAK KAK OG:IAAACT WECTEIO CBASAME. onopax. HesanvcHMbix ypasHentii panHonecix Jui Toit PaMbl MOXHO COCTARHTS TosIKKO TPH, TaKHIM OGPABOM, CTeITeH CHAMMMECKO! HCONPEHCIMMOCTA Wid 910% pas pasHa: n=6-3=3. CrenieHd cramMecKoli HeoUpeHeIuMocTK panel, WsoGpaxcHHol! wa puc. 1,2 panHa NeTAIPeM, TAK Kak paMa OGzaaeT CeMMO CRASAMH Ha oMlOpax. CnejloRaTesBHO, CTETCH ee cTameckoii HeonpestesIMMocTH pasa n=7-3=4, Crenenmt crammeckoit Heompenenmoctt Gankn (pre. 14,a) # pawnt (pre. 14,8) ¢ yseTom oGmero anena SMKHYTEIX KOHTYpOR To opmyze (3) SynyT: uv 1 = 2s yg = Pue.4 Ynesto KOHTYPOB H NPOCTHIX IAapHNpOR 3ABHCHT OT cHocoba NpeCTaBsIeHAA pacuEmoi cxemBI Coopy:KeHns. Ha pic. 15,4,6 HoKasaHo wsoGpaxcHHe pacuémol cxeMbl OUHOH H 10H Ke PAMbl C PASJIMUHbIM KOJMYECTBOM KOHIYPOB i "pocTsixX IapHHpow, EciecTReHHO, 470 CTeIeHb cTaTMYeCKOii HeONpeeMMMOCTH paMBI He 3aRHCHT OT crllocobaH300paxKeHHA C& PaCHeTHOH CXEMBI. /{CHCTBHTEIbHO: n= 3K-LII = 33 —3 = 6 (pue. 15,4), n= 3K-Il = 3 - 9 =6 (pac. 15,6) a) Puc.15 Paccmompim ere mpawep. Vicriomsyx cbopmyny "KoTypon", BEITHCMHM —cTeTeNB cTaTHHeCKOii HEOMIPE/IETHMOCTH THOCKHX CTEPAHEBBIX CHCTEM, HBOSpaKEHHBIX Ha puc. 16. Ha pre. 16,4,6 rrhpann, oGnerHHEMHKIMH KPYAKAMH, MpOHYMepORAHEI JaMKHYTHIE KOHTypHI. PROM LISTEIpHeCKEMH IapHMpaMH pant HOMETEHO KOSIHYECTBO HPOCTEIX LapHEpOB. n= 3K-LII = 33 — 8 = | (pue. 16,4), 3K-III = 3-9 - 24 = 3 (puc. 16,6). Puc.16 Ha pue. 17 noKasaHo HecKoubKo pam. Tlocz1estonatesbHo PaccMOTpHM. HX. a) Pama vMeer deTsipe ONOTHMTeADHBIC BHEIIHME CRASH HM TPH B3AMMHBIC CRASH, T. €, CeMb pas CTATHUECKH Heonpestestma (puc.17,a) 6) Monaraem cHayana, 410 wapunp A oreyrcmyer. Tora uMeiorcs jie BNeMNMe mM IpK BHyTpeHHE jonlosmmTesbHBIe CRASH. CHCTeMa Ges wiapimpa A Gsuta Get NTE pas cTamMuecKH HeoMpertesoii (puc.17,6). Upuup A upunagrexur oxnospemenio 1pem crepxKHan. Ero MOxKHO paCCMaIpHBa KaK Ba COBIIABULHN wapuupa. Tak Kax Kwkabili Mapp CHUMAeT OAHY CRAB, T €. paspelllaeT MOBOPOT ogHOrO ceMeHMA OTHOCHTENBHO apyroro, 1 MOxHO ckasam, 410 wapHup A cHuMaeT awe CEA. CHCTEMA CTAHOBITTES, TAKHM OGPAsoM, BMECTO IK — Ip pasa craMMeckH HeompestemuMolt OGoSulas ckasantioc, MOXKIIO CAeHaM BRIEOS, “TO WapHUp CHUMAeT HHCHO cBaSeli, Ha CANMUY MenEUIce MCs CXOJMIINXca B HEM cTep»kHeit. B 1aHHOM ciy4ae B IapHupe A CXOMSICA IpH CTep RHA H WapHHp CHHMACT IBC CBA3H.Puc.17. Ipumepst paMubix cTaTHteckH HeOmpesesMMBIX KOHCTpYKUMit: a) ctummeckn neonpentenmMas — cea, 6) — tpH, 8) — 4eTupe, r) — 1pH, ©) — arena, x) —cema, 4) — 1puauian pas crammeckH HeompentenuMma 8) Ecam 6o1 wapuup A o1yremovas, cucrema Guuia Ge vemupe pasa BueMIMM OGpasom HM Ipu pasa BHYIPeHAMM OGpasOM CTATHYeCKH HeonpesteaUMol, Te. Beero Cems pas. Llapunp A cHMMaeT YUCAIO cRASeH, Ha esLMHLALY MCHBILICe UHC1a CXOJIILUIXCA B HEM CIepxHcli, T. ¢. IPH CRASH. Pama YemsIpe pasa crammYeckH HeoupestesMa (pie. 17,6). 1) Pana Tpit pasa eTanmicckH Heompereamma (pHe. 17,2). 1) Bueiinne cRs3i He yAOB/eMOPSIOF YCuOBIEIM KUHeMATITIeCKOH HeIBMeHeMOC MA. D1 — MexaHN3M, TOUHee roROps, MrHOReHHH MexaH#aM, CHCTEMa HMeeT ROIMOKHOCTS MOROPATHBATKCH OTHOCHTETAHO REPXHElL OMOPAI KaK KeCTKOE Hlesloe ToHsMHO, WTO yrou HloRopora 6ysler HeGOABIINM, HiDKH CBARb SAKIUMHUTCR H GyneT JOCTUTHYTO KaKoe~ TO MOTOKeHHE PARHORECHA, HO HOROE TOTOXKeHHe CRASeH GyneT SARHCeTs OT KeCTKOCTH CHCTeMBI. K paMe HeNpHMeHHME! OCHOBHBI€ MIpHHIUMTISI CONPOTHBTEHH| MaTepHaIOB: MpHHLUMT TeNSMeHHOCTH HaYaNBHBIX pasMepoB HM MpHHim HesaRHcHMocTH elie TAHA cHut (puc.17,0). ©) Pawa — mpoctpauemennas. Vseetcs mects AOMouMMTeNBHEIX BHELINEX cEsseli (MINKE saeKa) 1 Mec TS AONOMHHTENKHBIX BIAMMEBIX CBAC (saMKHYTHIlt KoHTyp). CHcTeMa 12 pas cTaMmueckH HeompestesuMa (pHc.17,e) xx) CicTema cemb pas cramucckn Heoupexenuma (o;MH pas BHEMIKHM OGpasoM H uIcCTS pas — BAyTpeHiAN) (puc.17,21. 5) 3ech {WIA WIOCKOH PaMb He HOKASALIM BHCUNLIME CBASH, HO Halla CHCTEMA BHCMINKX CH, YAOBEMOPAIOLIAS YeOBIAM paBHOBecHA. BTaKOM caYYae YCAOBHTNC CHMTAT, WTO JOTONHMTETBHBIX BHCLIHUX CBsscit HeT, H TONOAKCHHE DAMBI R MPOCTpAncTRe CHHTRCTeA ONpeslesleNHEIM; PACCMATpHBAIOTeA TouGKO BHyTpenmme cRasH, CHeTeMa TPH pasa crammueckn Heonpestetna (pic. 17,3). 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TaKHM o6pasoM, pH yKasaHHOM cHocoGe pelNeHHs HeHSRECTHMMH OKaSKIRAIOTCA CHIBI, OTeIONa H HASBALHe «MeTO CHD. Anzopumm pacyema Memodom cun Hesazcumo ot ocoGentocreli ~paccMarpuBaeoii KOHCTPYKUHH, MOAHO BALCH —_citejlytoultyt0 HOCHeHOBATEALHOCTS PACHETA CTAMMECKH HEOUPENEINMBIX CHCTEM METOHOM CHIL 1. Onpexesum crenens cramueckoli Heonpenenumocti, 2. BuiGpar ocnosuyro cueTemy. 3. Chopwmponats okRHRaTeNTHYTO cHETEMY. 4, 3anncan cuctemy KaHonnsecKHx ypannienni 5, Toctpowm eqMHHaHbIe H Tpy3ORBe ITMOPHI BHYTPEHHHX CHOREIX ¢axTOPOR, ROSHHKAIOMHX B 7eMeHTAX pacemarpuBaemoii KOHCIpyKUMH. 6. Berincrit Ko3dypHIMeHTEI MPM HEMSBECTHBIX H CBOGOAHBIC W.TeHEI CHCTEMBI KAHOHHUCCKHX ypaBHeHHit 7. Hoctpomms cymmapryto emmmmmyto omiopy. 8. Banos yrnmepeanbuyto mporepky KoopipuiueHTOR MpHt HeHsBeCTHBIX H CBOGOHEIX “HTeHOR. 9, Penns cuctemy Kanonm4eckux ypagnenuii, Te, ompeslenum peakium MHMIHEX cBasell 10. 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Tam, rile Sanpemienbi yrioBsie CMeITeHHs, BROJaTeA Moments, Kak B TOM, TaK HB JIpyroM emyuae HeH3BCCTHBIC cwioBsie dakropsl Gynem oGosnavan Xj, rue i — womep Hevseectuoro, HanGosbmee 3nauenne i paBno creneHn cramueckoii HeoMpeeIMMOcTH CHCTEMEL. 3aMeTHM, “10 JUIN BUYTPEINIMX cHaelt CHD X;, — sBIOTE BSAMMUIBINH, Eco 8 KaKoM-auGo ce¥eHHu pana paspesaia, TO paBHKIe M MpomMRONOAOKHBe Ayr ApYTY CHAM HM MOMENT NpUKAaBIBAIOTeA KaK K IpaBoii, TAK HK seBOHi Ha BuGop ocHosHoit cHcremm (OC) ssasetes Hempoctum. Heysauiitii wbiGop OcHOBHOM cHCTeMA Moxker UpHBeCTH K SHaYMTeNbUO! IpyHOeMKOCHE peMleM, a uNOrua uk rpyGoit ouLUGKe. HeuLsA PYKOBOACTHOBALLCA 1OUKKO CAAKHM MpaBWLIOM OGPasORAHHIA OCHORHO! CHCTEMH, a HMEHHO, YTO YHCHO OTGPAChIRACMBIX CBASeH LOK GuIT PaBIILIM cTeHeHH cTantccKolt HeoupeemuMocms. Hao oGssareabHO CuICiKM cule HM 38 TEM, KaKHe CBaSH orGpacematoTes. HexoTopnie CBsSH OTOpackIBaTs HeonycTAMO, IIpH BEIGOpe OCHOBHOM CHCTEMEI HATO CHTEAHTs KpOMe BCETO MIPOTETO HW 3a TEOMETPHIECKO! H KHHEMATHMECKOi HeMSMeHAeMOCTEIO BCei CHCTEMSI HM OTLENBHBIX ee sac Te Tax, y Ganku (pyc. 16,a), Koropyi0 natee GyneM HasbIBaTb 3ajaHHO! cHeTeMoii (3C), creneH cramMtecKoit HeompenenuMocta n=1, ECA HCKMOMNTs THITHIOO CRAs (MpaBy! OTOpy) H OGOSHATHTE HeH3RECTHYTO peaKIMTO “epes X, nonysum ee ocHosnyto cuctemy (OC) (puc. 18,6). TM CHCTEMBI.6) B) [> ps — = HP) t ye P \P x \ Pp ret ea po ChocoGor HeKOVeHHA JIMIIHIX CBARCH ONeH MHOFO (reopeneckH — GeckoHesHoe uMca10). Hanpamep, NMUIHIOI CRASH MOKHO VCKNOWAT, KAK Ha pic. 18,6. OnHaKO oa WS 91K cxeM (pic. 18,e) reomerpHyecKH WSMeNEMA M JI jaTbHelMero paciera Henpuroysia. Bee octabiible CXEMbl MOryT GbITb PMID 3a OCHOBHYi cHcTeMy. Ecam BOCHOMSI0BATSCA HEBCCTHBIM TEOPETHECKHM NIOTOXEHHEM O TOM, NTO B sIMHeliHO-ynpyrHX cMcTeMaX BHELINAA Harpy3Ka PACTIPeNeAAeTCA eAMECTREHHDIM OGpasOM, TO PeSYAIBTITA PACHETOR MO PASTHYNIBIM OCHOBIEIM CHCTEMaM jOIKHBI Git OAMHAKORLIMY. OjHaKO OGREM BBINHCHeHMi B pasHBIX OCHOBHBIX CHCTeMAX MoxkeT Gott pasbim. TloxIOMy #3 MHOTHX BapHAHTTOR OCHOBHOL CHCTEMBI HYAHO BBIGHpaT HaNGonee OIrMMaNbHyIO, HampHMep, 8 aLLeM puMepe UepsEili BapuaLT OCHOBUOH cucreME (puc. 18,6) upeHUOTUTeMee OCIAUBUBIX, LK. & Heit IMOPEL c1postea nerve, Tlax past, noKasaiioit ua pue. 19, MOxKUO NpeaIOKHM OCHOBUBIE CHCTEMBL, d), 6),.... KOIOPKIe MOAYsCHEA YTeM OTOpAChIBAHH COMM JONOAHHTEMBUBX CRASCH B PASTE KOMGHHAIAX, BMCCTE © TEM HHO OMIT, “TO He BCAKAA CHCTEMA C CeMBIO OTGPOIIEHHBIMH CRISAMH MOKET GuITs puHUTA KK ocHOBHas. Ha puc. 20 noKasaHo TpH NpHMepa IA Tot KE PAMBL, B KOTOPO! TAKKE OTPOMTEHO ceMb CRAICH, OMHAKO CAeTAHO 970 HeMpaBHIBHO, TAK KaK OCTARIIIHECA CRSGH He OGCHIeYMBAIOT KHHEMATHMECKOll HeMAMeHAeMOCTH CHCTEMBI (pHC.20, a, 6), ¢ o”HOli CTOpOHEI, H cTanimeckoli ompeslesmMMocTH BO RCeX yasax,— c Apyroil (pHc.20, @) PaceMoTpHM BOSMOXKHBIe CNOCOGE YAMCHAA TMMIEHX CBASCH, YTO H ONPCACTACT BH OCHOBHOM CHE TEM 1, OrGpachwanne aMMMX cBsBelt OcyILeCTIAETER TOTEM ysIQIEHHEM HeKOTOPKIX ON1OP HIM HX samen OHOpaMH © MCHBLLAM 4HCHOM cBa3eii, PeakunH, JelicMBYIOLIMe 8 HALIpABICHWAX OIGPOUICHHBIX cBxSCH, sBILOTS THT Herwectauman. Ha pes.21, 6, « 7 I0KStarm PESIEFIESS ESNCEME SEEIBEEETER CECT, DOUy EE3THM CNOCOOOM 11a pamb! (pHc.21, a). 2. Mlocianopka wiapuupos 8 upoMexy14NbIx CeHeMMIX clepAHell UOSBOUEr B KWKUOM TaKOM ceveti YCTAHOBHTS CBASE, COOTHETCTBYIOULYIO HSTAGALOULEMY MOMeHTY. ITM MOMEHTEI ARALAIOTCA JAMIN HeHsRecTHBIMI. [Lats paMbi, UMCIOMICH creHeM cramuecKolt HeoMpeyemMMocm n = 3 (puc.22, a), pH BLGope ocHOBHO! cHeTeME HEOGXONLHMO TIOCTABHT pH MapHHpa. 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BRMHCTIM cHaYaTa cTereHs CTaTHeCKOli HeompesteaMMOCTH 9THx paM, MeTIomBays hopmysty (3) n= 3K-LL pue, 23,a— n= 3K-I = 33-6 = 3;Pue.30 OcHORMBIe CHCTeMBI MeTO/Ia CHI 3 30QHHBIX CTATHECKH HeOmpe/(eNHMIX pam HOTyHeHEI pasviNeTHbINN crloco6amu: yialeHHeM OnopHBIX cRaseii (pyc. 23,8; puc. 24,8; puc. 25,6; puc. 26,6), BBENeHHeM MpocTIX HIM KpaTHBIX NIMHAPHYECKUX mapHMpoR (pic. 23,6; puc. 25,8; puc. 26,4; puc. 27,6; puc. 29,6), RBeneHNeM MOCTyNATeNBHBIX LIAPHMPOB, KaK MpaBiLIO, B IMEMELTEL, HMEIOUIHE TO CROHM KOHUAM WALEHNpHYecKHe UapHApst (uc. 23,6; puc. 24,6,¢; pic. 29,6,4), YjlaeHMeM BCexX HIM YacTH BLYTPEMIX cRaseli B MMEMMNApHHeCKHX WapuMpax (pc. 30,6), paspesoMt 110 "xupomy" cevenuio (puc. 28,6) 4 APYTHMH cHIOCOGaMH, BKIUOYAH PAsIMMUBIe COUETANHA BEIIEIEPe4HCIEHUBIX. This sananmoit pacvéniol cxemat crammeckH seompesleMHMOro COopy’KeIIMK CyiMLeCTBYeT MiIOXKECTEO BapHaltTOB OCHOBUMIX CHCIEM Meta cw. Tux pacuéra upuMMMaercx Bapwaltt, yHOBLeIOpHOUK pay speGowanuii, Cpe KOTOPLIX OGASATEAGHKIM ABIICTEA TpeGoRAHKe FeoMeTpHYECKOH HEHSMEHAEMOCTH OCHOBHOH CHeTEMI seTO;ta CHL. C avi JOYKH SelM OCHOBUBIE CHCTEMB MetOia CHL, HOKASaLUbIe Ha Puc. 23,6 H pH. 24,6 tle MOryT GbIt HeNOIKSOBaLIL LAR pacuéTa 3a]aHHBIX CTaTHMeCKH HEONpEAeTMMBIX pam, OcHOBHAA CHeTeMa MeToJa cH, B0GpaKEHHaN Ha pac, 23,8, 110 cBocit CIpyKType TeOMCTPHICCKH VSMCHACMa, TAK KaK COCTOHT ¥3 aByX qucKoR A x B, cocanHénmix Mexny co6oit TpeMa MapannembHBM cRasaMH ab, cd, ef omHaKoROi znMEBI, Ha pic. 24,6 ToKa3aH RapHaHT MrHOREHHO WSMeHReMOTi OCHOBHO!: CHCTeMBI MeToWa cw. JleiicTHTeNBHO, B 310M BapHaHTe jUCK A HM jcK "emt" B cocqMHaoIca Mexiy codoii IMAMEApHYecKHM WapHHpom KH cRASHEO Mn, Ock KoTOpOH MpoxosHT Hepes ulapHMp K, BoMosHeHHe HEKOTOPEIX KeaTENbHEIX TpeGoBaHHi MPH BBIGOpE OCHOBHO! CHCTEMSI MeTO;A CHT CHOCOGeTByer coKpaleHio BpeMeHH Ha pacuéT CTAMMECKH HeOMpereMMMoro coopyxeHHs. 310, Npexse Bcero, obpasonanne NPOCTLIX 110 CIPYKTYPe OCHOBHBIX CHCTEM MeTOLOM cH, Fe HEIKO MpocMarpuBaiores paGouNe cxeMBI (rnaBHBIe BTOPOCTENCHUbIe YACTH), NerKO ONpeseNMOTEA peakIIH ONOpUBIX cBsel M BHYTPeHUMe yeu. C TOM TOAKH 3peHMA ochoBiRa CHeTeMa McTOjIa CHI, HoKasamias a pc. 25,6, npewowMMTesistIce, 4eM apyrad ocioBliax cHcTeMa (pH. 25,4) sua 9TOH Ke PAM. BaxkHo, 110601 B HeTOUSyeMoli UA pacéra ocHOBHOM CHCTeMe MerOua CHL JINOPLE BUYTPCHHHX yeunsit He "PacTeKAIUCh" TO BCEM IEMCHTM, Te. GSLIM Obl JOKAAMZOBAKBI, H HMCAIM Gb BOSMOKHO MeHBIIHe 10 aGcomOTHO! BOINUHHE OpsiMaTEI, YaCTO BBINONHEHHIO 21OTO YCHOBIA CHOCOGCTRYET BRENEHHE LULIMENPHYECKHX IMApHApOR B Yb CTaTHMeCKH HEOMpeseTHMBIX CHeTeM (prc. 26,4 H pyc. 28,6). Jana cmvmerpwanex crammeckn Heompenemmmx coopyxermi ocHoRNy!O cHeTeMy MeTOja cH cnenyer auiGupars Take CHMMerIpHUHO! (puc. 28,6,¢ H puc. 29,6). 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CHCTEME UPHIOKHI salaHHyio HArPYSKY Hi PeAKIHH YANEHHBIX CRASEH, TO OCHORHAR H 3aslaHHAs CHCTEMBI CTAHYT 9KSUSAtEHI HBLMI OcnoBnyto cHeTeMy ¢ TPHIOKCHIBIMH K Heit THIMMMH HeMsBecTHBME X}, X2 ,...Xp H BHeMHel narpysKoit P UasbIBAOT IKeUEaenmnOw cucmemoH MPH YcuOBMH, 4TO e& selicTBHTeEMBMDIe nepeMemienMa corsacyiora ¢ NQIOXCHNIMH a HCxXomUyIO cHcIeMy cBxsaMM. Ti KaKHOH CTAMYECKH UeOUpEeIMMO! sauamo% cHeTeMEs (pic. 31, a) MoxkHO TlosoSpams, Kak MpaRWIO, PasIMYHBIe OCHORHBIE CHCTeMBI (pHe. 31, 6, 6), OAHAKO HX JOIDKHO OGKeAMHATS ciLeMyIoU\ee YeOBHe — OCHOBHAA CHCTEMA JouKHA GH CIAMHECKH onpexeMMOH H reomerpHyecKH HeHSMCHAeMoli (7.¢. He JOKHA McHAT CBOWO reomeTpUTo Ges ZehopMauil snemeHTOB).a) a 8) KanoHuyeckue ypaeHeHun Memoda cun B sanannioit ceTeMe lo HaNpaRneHHaM HMeIOIIUNKeA KeCTKEK CBAReH, B TOM IHeMe H TEX cBMeli, KOTOPHTE orSpoltensr pH Mepexojle K OCHOBHO! cHCTEMe, MepeMentenHii Gnim He MOET, NODTOMY HB OCHOBHOM cHCTeMe NepeMeMeHHA 0 HaNpABIEHIM OTGPOIEHHBIX CBA! NOKHBI PABATECA HYIO. A AULA STOFO Peak OTGpoUTeHBET cRsGeli 1O.DKHBI HMeTS CTporo OMpesesIeHHBIe 3HaHeHIS. Yenoane pawexctea Hymo nepeMelleHits 0 Hanpasnenuio 060i i-oli cau ws 1 oTSpouleHHBXX Ha OCHOBAHI UPHMMUUIA HesaBHCUMOcTH jelicTBMA CH HMeeT BU: Oi= Oi + Og t+ Bin + Oie= 0, @) TAC HepBbili MMeKC OSHANACT HaNpABHEHHe NepeMCHICHHEE H HOMep oIpoUIcIIO! cBASH, a Bropoll ykasLIBAcT Na UPHAM, BHGBABLUYIO MepeMeMlenie, Te. Diy - 910 uepeMeMjenHe lo HaUpaBieUio i-oli cBaSH, BHISBauIOe peaKiell k- off cRasm; Dip - nepememjenve no HanpaRAeHMo Holi CRAZH, BBERAHHOe OAHOBPEMCHHBIM jelicTaNeM Bceli BHeMHe narpysKi. B Meroe cir peaxiiio A-olf cassH mpm oostaaT vepes Xz. C yuetom stro oGosnaueHMa HB cHly cHPaBewIMBOCTH 3aKoua Tyka LepemeUteHHs Aj, MOXKHO UPEHeTABHTD & BULLE: An= Sixx © rate Oy = exUAMHEHOE (HTK yzleMbHOe) TepememteHHe 110 HaNpaR.T Ze, peakuueli, connazaouielt no Hanpazienuio ¢X{, Ho pasHioii came. Tloxerasinas (6) # (5), onysnne B= Sig Xy + OinXy tov + SinXn + Aiz= 0 a Susnseckuii eMbie ypasncnus (7); HepeMeuLeHHe B OCHOBHOM cHETEMe 110 HaUpaBIeMMO i-oit oLGpouLenHO! CBASH PABHO HYIIO. Banvchinag BMIpAKeHHA, anatoruaABIe (7), JIA Boe COBOKYNHOCTA nm oTpomeHHEIX cBaSeli, TlonysHM CUCMeMY KaKONUNECKUX ypasHenuit Memoda cus. YpasHeHna MMeIT CTAUHOHApHy!O (KaHOHMecKy!0) d>uunertamn (nepemeutenuamn); MM; — wsruGarouuii Moment, BBIsbIBAeMBIii i-Ht enmmmoit cuoit; M, — wsrH6arommii Moment, KoTOpsiii BUISBaH CHCTEMOii BIIeHITHX CHL, Equainpie Koop @MuMeHTs JenaTea Ha TiaBHBIe, pacnomO*KeHHBIe MO THaBHOi AMarORATH HM MMerOIHe ommnaKornie niteKcet (54), M noGouIe (Sie! =k). Taannne KoaddpuuneHTst RErAa MOOKATABHBIC, B OTTHYAE OT noGourex, CHMMeTPHIHO pacriomoxennEle KOIbipMBEHTE B COOTRETCTEHH C TeopeMoit o BIAHMHOCTH Tepememterti pant apyr apyry, te. Siz = Sj, 210 cRojicmo HaskBacTeA SaKOHOM NapHocmu KoIpPuKUEHmOs pH HeHsBeCTHBIX Bua ypapuenns (8), Te. KOIUYECTRO CATaeMBIX B KUKIOM HS HEX H HX OOULee WHCHO, OMpELeAIeTeA TOTbKO CTUIBHER? CHIHSECRO HOCIPOIEMEMOCTH CRCTUMM HES SSBECET OT 6e KOEEDeTEE OCOSeEEDCTUiL.Beivucnenue Kos@PuuueHMOs U CEOGOOHbIX 4WIEHOS KAHOHUYECKUX ypagHeHUU Sromy say pacers upewuecryer LOCIpOCHMe ENUMUMLEBIX H FPYSOUBIX NOP BHYIPELHX CHAOBIX (hakIOPOB (14 Ga0K H paM — oop HSFHGAIOUUEX MoMeHToR). EqHKICHKIe oTHOpKI CrposTes or AelicTBHA GespasmepHoit exMMHOT CIM WK GespasMeploro eHUIMSHOTO MOMeHTa, COBHAAIONLUx HO HaTpaBeMWIO C HaNpaBieHHeM coomereTByIoMLel IMUNel HeHSBeCTHO! B OKBUBaNeHTHO! CUcTeMe, H O6osHa4aloTeA Hepes X;, a exuuMunas omNopa — 4epes M, Tpys0naa omopa erpomtes or BHeUIHel Harpy3kH, MpHLIOAeHHO! K OCHOBHOM cHeTeMe, TipH 91M MoKHO cTPOUTS Os DIMOpy OT OAORPEMeMHOTO J[cHCTHAK BCCX BIICUINNK HATPY3OK WIM HECKONIDKO OTOP, OTIENBIO OT KAKO M3 MPWIOKCHHBIX Harpy30x. Takoe pasGucHHe ONHOH TPY3OBO! SMOpHI Ha HeCKOABKO Gorlee MpOCTEIX, KaK MpaBILTO, uenecooSpasiio TObKO TOrda, KOA Cpe jlelicmBy!OULAX Harpy30K eT paBHOMepHO pacripenenentiax, H omopa MOMCHIO Ha COOTBETCTBYIONEM YuacTKe Nod Heli sBAKeTeA SHaKOTepeMeHHOH. TIpH 910M B KaxkjOM KaHOHHUeCKOM YPABHEHHH YNCIO CROGOJHBIX WHEHOR OYsIeT PABHO YHC.TY HOCTPOCHHBIX rpy3OBBIX SIO. Exunmunsie rpy3orsie nepememenns (Kospypunents H cRoGoauble eH KAHOMMeCKHX ypapneni) R o6tileM ciy¥ae MoxHO BETHCZT MetoxoM Mopa. Jl1z Ganok HW pam 970 MOXHO cylenaTs MPH TOMONIH MpaBH Bepemarmna. Tipu sericnenm Koxppuumentos H cBoGomHMX “WeHOB KaHoMMMecKMX ypaBnennii MeToja cH, Kpome Mite iy enocpertctaemore mrerpyponami diy = J Sdx wAy=f—Fdx mpmmermor pasnmemute ynpomtenmie mprewsr BEMMCIEHKA MHTerpaios, Oco6eHHo OGcTOsTeAbHO OHM paspaOoTaHbl WIA pam ¢ TIpsAMONMHeYiHNIMH CTeEPKHAMH nocTosHHoro ceyeHua. Kectkocts EJ = const npu 3TOM BBIHOCHTCA 3a 3HaK MHTerpaa, a nom MHTerpatoM ocTaeTCA npommpemenme Byx ¢bymxmii: Mj u My, omtia ws KOTOpBIX, KaK MpaBrti0, Win OGe sBAmOTCA smMHelinnAN pyHKUMANE. Onepawa MHTeErPHPOBaHHA 31eCb VaCTO HaSbIBaCICA TepeMHOXKEHHEM FIOP HM ee CHMBOJIHYECKH H306paxKalwor cmemyroMtHM o6pasoM: 1p a Mex M,@M;z, @ siech sak @ osnauaer yMHoxenHe B EMBICe opmy:s1 Mopa. TipuMexenme rorossix dopmya noxasaxo 8 TaGmune 1. Camu 9m dopmynet Ges mpyna onpeaensorea SUEMCHTAPHBIMH METOJAMH. 71a TAGIHIA ABIGIETCA BECKMA YHHBEPCANBHOH, TAK KAK Oa TIPHTOMHA LIA OMpeslenenHA epeMenteHnit no 7RYM srOGSIM MpAMOMHMHeHABIM IMOpAM, a TAKE KPHROAMHeHHOH c MpaMosmeliHo#, Eean wroGas puryp, mprmenemmnx & Ta6.. 1, TepemHoxaeTes ¢ TpeyTONBIMKOM, TO 970 TepeMHOXerMe CROTCH K TpaNerymM, o;Ha Hs opsuuar KOTOpSIX pasta 0. TIpH HepeMHOxKeHMH Ha NpsMOYTOUIBKMK HyKHO YHeCTH, 410 Mg = Mp . Tipy nomoupr pacterenns omop Ha TacTH MOxKHO AOOHTECH Toro, WTOGEI IPH TepeMTOxerMH yracTRoBaTH ommOpEt MpocToit CTPYKTYPM, MpHRETeHHBE B TASTE | Ta6amna 1 ae | ef |» Myx) abl ‘al lat jabt 2abl |= Ja] s(bt+e) > fan 3 Tae cay a Fae FSH tr x T z ey Ot fet OY Pe | Se + 30) a + Fa +a) BT Br ‘abt BT abl BT ‘abt r—_| * Zero) eal = = 7 = ‘abr BT abt abr wider 7st 3abl ao Zero a Gm = eal = Zar BI abl abt] abt 2867881 a )a 3 7z 32 + Se) 4 48, 30 15 13, abt br abl ‘T7abT 2abl abl abl at 3 wets) 1 8 3, 30 ar Zal al abi Sabt al al eo 3 gas) Zz 12 is = 15 Hanpmmep, nycts HyxHO nepeMHoxHTs omopsl, mpuRereme Ha pyc. 32. Kaxqylo 12 omop MoxHo NPeACTARNTs B RHE CYMMBI: B MepBOM CHLy'ae, B RHE ABYX TpeyTOABHBIX H NapaGomHMHeCKOil, RO BTOPOM —B BUTE ABYX IPCYFONBEBIX.Puc. 32 M, = MP + ME? + ME; My = MEP 4M. Torga MgO ay = (0.2? + a2 + a)” + a) = = Mou 4 uous ue ou” + mem + ene” + eons”, ‘A nance eseayer soctiomsosamcs Gopmysioi jy watincsenix uurerpanon Jy My (x)M, (x) ds = M, Mz, upusexeuix B taGane 1. Tovouuo yso6unis enocoSom uepewiorxentx oilop aBuLxereA cnocod Bepewjazuna, ror cuocos upunenuM & eny'ae KONA 1B UBYX MepeMHOXAeMBIX SUOp OHA KAK MUUMYM sBILIeTeA mpaMomuHelaoji. Een oaHa W3 oMop mBLACIeA KpuBoMMeliIOl: BLIUMeuNeICA LIOMaXL Q xpuBoMMeliuO; SuOpLt, KOIOpAX YMuOxaeieA ua OPIUM HOH ec LeHIPOM DOKECTH, BIATYIO B IPAMoaHHeiiHOM Hope MF (puc.33). Tipeanonoxum My =f (x); M2 = ax +b, Torna 1 fm ()M; (x) ds = M,@M, = 1 1 = [ro + (ax + b)dx =o foyer fe “Ff (@)dx, “ ‘ Ho nenwunna J, f(x)dx =O npenctannser coGoi momags KpHROAMHelHOH omopH, a Renmnas, x f(x)dx = S — crammueckHii MOMeHT ILIOMLajH 970i SIHOPEI OTHOCHTENSHO JTeBOrO KOHIA CTepAHA, CulelORATENBHO, Ss M,QM, =o +a5=a(b +07). Ybscemo, 10 weamuma 5 upencrasuxer coGolt opamuary uemspa voKeem xpusoiuutelinod suuopys, ab + a= = suayeune M up x. = 5 B cuyyae aayx Kpunounuelinnx ouop cuiocod Bepeuaruua ueupumenust. Hao uoassonamca umrerpaos Mopa. Cnoco6 Bepewartia npHMeHIM TaIKKe B TEX CAYHANK, ROTA O3Ha 13 JTKOp He KPUBOAUMICHBIAA, a TOMALIAK. BraGinme 2 upupexen popmysr ia onpexerems moma 2, Hoxoxenm Nea THKeCTH ZC H OPIATE YC B IEHIPE DOKECTH JLIK HEKOTOPHIX OBONIBHO PACTIPOCTPAHHHBIX ILIOCKUX hUryp, B cayaae, Korqa mMciorea omops! obmero Brita (HanpuMep, o6¢ 2MopsI KpHROAMHeHEEIe, mHO0 TpareuHM, puc.33, pasOuermte poe ma pram mrrepaaca aaer cormacne hopmyne Crmmcona Tosnoe BEipaxkenne mrrerpaza: MOM, = 5(MiaMeat Malan + Mycllze), re mutexcht A MC OMOCKICA K COUCH PACHONOKCHIDIM HA KOHLEBDIX CeMeHHAX mATEepBAIA WMO /, a MiuteKe B x cepesminOMy CeHeHIO Toro 2ke HiTepRAA, B tex caysiasx, Korma oynkumm My uM? 8 paccarpupaemom mreppane wmnoii /, sBmotca suHeliMbIMH H USBECTHBI HX SHAYCHIA B KONLIEBDIX CeCHMAX miTIepBALTa, TO PpopMysly nepemuorxennsi My u M2 MoxHO mpeo6pasonars & culeNyIoUleM BHI:+M,, Maa + 2MycMze)- ao) Wrak, nlocae cocTaRneHHs 4 pellleHH KAHOHMECKOH CHCTeMBI ypaBHeHHit MeToqa cun (7.4) Mt mlomysaem suaenia X], X2, X30. Xq , Te. sasenia Youu B aMUIHX CBsBaX, 3aTeM CTPOHM UI OCHOBHO! CHCTeMBI IHOPEI HSTHOAOMIUX MOMEHTOR OT KAKTOTO 13 Haine younnii, J[nx stro MoryT GsITs HeTIOsESORANBT NOCTPoeHHBKe pariee CAMEHMHBIC STHOPEL, BCC OPAMEUTBI KOTOPBIX HEOOXOAHMO TEEPE YMHOVKITS Ha HalieHHBIe SHANCHHA COOTBETCTBYIOMUX HeNSBECTHBIX. t MOM; = 5 (2M, Maa + MaMa, Caoxme 10 xapakrepHBiM CexeHHAM (Ha NpoDDKeHIM Aceli paccummiBaeMoli KOHCIPYKUMH) OPAHHArHL aInop O1 yelicmua acex cu Xj ¢ opuuiarasn rpy20RO!t 9WOPHL, ONY OKOHIATENRUyIO (CyMMaPHy}0) oMOpy HsrHGALOMUEX MOMEHTOR B 3a1aHHOii CTATHMeCKH HEOMpemeMHMoii CHCTeMe. ‘TaGamna 2 AScrpiccst teHTpa DoKECTH Ne Thomans 21 2 L l 1 yl 2 2 2, 2 3 yl 3 3 3 7 5 4 Syl at 20 l l 5 3” 2 2 Ynueepcantnan nposepka KoscbpuyueHmos u CeO6OdHbIX YNeHOG KaHOHUYECKUX ypasHenut Zax semonnenna yHBepcansxoit mponepKH HeoGXoMMO TOCTPOHT cyMMapHyt eUEIHYIO IIoOpy SIHOPY MOMEHTOB OT O;HOBPEMEHHOTO EViCTBUA BCEX CAMEMUHEIX CHUL, NPHIOKEHHBIX K OCHOBHOI CHCTEME: Mi, =H, + ++ My ya Tlepemnoxum cymmapnyto exunmnyto snopy ¢ sim0poii M; mM, 1 i Sas= [ opMy:1oli Mopa-Cumncoue: l b= Diag +40c +Bb). et) B pacemarpupacmom mpumepe: ae as ) 1) ait wage ite(-F)5 Ey Equumsnoe nepemenene 5, naiiyen, yMHOKHE exMMTHHyI0 sMOpy (pue.34,21) camy Ha ceOs Tus pacemarpapaemoro upumepa 2 3a Togcrasnas uaijyemmie suaiemit 211 Ayp 154, 8 ypapuenne (20) u peuias ero ommocutexbuo X,, naiinew: di _ 3ql bx 8" CyMMapane WsrnGaronte MOMeHTHI 8 “XapakTepHBIX” ceveHHsX GasTkH HalLleM 13 BHIp@KENTA: = 95, +4 7 rae n — 4Hcu0 “THIOHHX” HeH3BeCTHAIX WIM cTenel “xapakrepHoro” ceueHHs. Jlna pacematpupaemoii Gankn: Moat ae ae 8 2 8 1 3qi qi? git by = xy cramueckoii HeonpeneHMoctH cH hi; i — HOMep (2) ee 4°28 2° 16 MO =0. Oncramsnaen naiiienmie SHasciHs oF GasHCHOi ZUMAH H CIPOUM JTopy CyMMapUBIX HST HOAIOUUEX MOMCITOB (pue.34,3). Aus nocrpoenns omopni onepewHMIX cH BEIPeKEM Yat GasIkH, PactonoxeMylo Mexiy cerenmimn Nel n 3, IPHIOKKM BCe JelicTBYIOUIME Ha BBIpesaHHBIM yuacTOK cHIbI (pHe.35) H COCTABHM {IBA YPABHCHIA PABHOBECHA, 13 KOTOPEIX Haile SHaXIeHILA orlepesHOl! CHIBI R “XapaKTepHBIX” CeeHMAX, PACHONOACHHBX Ha TPAHHUAX BEIpesAHHOTO ysacTKa: ge Yiu em-5-al=a Yama S Mo ( fiom Pue.35 Yorrmisax, io Mf, = © (guax motena ysren Bs1GopoM ero nanpas.teus), us nepsoro ypasiien 1iaxo;tM: 1 2 = ==. vb sroporo ypasnenmt naxomm Q, = “To ualiqemne smateKAM cTPOUM cyMMapHylo oMopy HonepEHO cust (puc.34,u). Mpnmep 2, Jaa Gankn (pre. 36,2) onpenenun BHyTpeHHHe yous. Pewenue. 1) Paccumen crenens cramuecKoii Heoupesemumocm n=5-3=2. Tina pasa ctanmeckw Heonpertemmas Ganka, OcHORHBIE CHCTEMB MeTOqa CH MpemcTARAEHBI Wa pHCYHKe 36.6.8. Jaa pacteta npumem sapuant 36,6. 2) 3ammmew cHcTemy Kartonmeckinx ypasnemnit: Sy, + Oy 1x2 = —Dyys Soy xy + Fay xy = “Ag. 3) Bermensem Koxppannentst 5, wip. ‘Smopsr of enMNIEDIX SarpyxeHHi MpercTanTeHs! Ha PHCyHKe 37,6,¢ H OT BHEIIHel Harpy3KH - Ha pHCyHKe 37.2.Xq xX 2 i a 0.5 304 (wa) 1,0 ) 60 10,5 Puc.37 6 dy 5 1(0-1 44-105 +0546 +0) = 21. Pemenue cHcTeMBI: To nonysermm snaxennam ctpowm Myx, a Myx, (pac. 38,4,6) WMoy = Myxy + Maxz + M; (puc. 38,6). Tiponepku, a) Crammicckat mposepka, 31aveHna MoMeHTOB na onopax (pic. 38,6) omMmaKoBbI M_ paBHoneene oGecnempaetes, TIponepka yronneTRopseTes. 6) Kunematueckas mposepKa.Puc.38 Tlepemnoxm Max ¢ Ma. Tpoxepum, Gyaer an ssaumubii yron rionopora cesennii GankM Ha onope 2 panen Hymn0? (0-4-05-1,75 — 7,000 -1) + Passe = 6 +g C1-7,000 + 4 0,5-7,000 + 0) = ~7,000 + 7.000 = 0. Tipopepxa ynor.teTsopsetcs. ‘Smopa Q,, ctpowmea mo smope My, mo paccmorpentomy pavee npusuuny. Bainouite octpoenite cAMOCIOMICUBHO H CBO PesyaBrAL CBEpEIE ¢ UPUBCuEUULIM peuLeMMeM Ha puc.38,2. Mpumep 3. Onperenm yous (B KH) cTepaHAX hepMs, HOGpaKeHHO! Ha pHc.39, Pewmenue, 1. Onpenenient crenenb cranmecKoii neoupenexmmocns: n=3-2-1 2. BuGupaem ocHopuyio cHetemy (pHe.40).OcHosHad cHeTeMa HOMySaeTeA Hs SaganMoll MyTeM paccevenHA ouuioro Hs crepacnell, Haupamep, crept BC. Puc.40. Octornas cnetema 3, Mso6paxkaem oxnnaarenTHyto cHetemy (pie.41). Puc.4]. Deeveareumag cuctemaN@HOHHTCCKOC YPaBHCHHe MCTOA CHI HMCCT BI 5X, + A= 0. 3) @ysuseckHii MEIC TOTO YpaBHeHHA COCTONT B TOM, TO B3aNMHOe HepememtcHMe ceyeHi, KoTOPEI HOY THUTHCk MPH pacceseHi cTepaHA BC, paBHO HY.TO. 4, Vso6paxaem rpysonoc cocTosnue cHicTemst (puc.42) Ht onpenenaem yortna 8 cTepaHEX separ AB 1 BD. Pue.42, Fpysonoe cocrosume cueremn CocTasiixeM ypaBHeHHa paBHOBecHa CHI Ha OCH X HY: Y X =—N,cos60° + Nzcos60° = 0; > Y = —N,sin60° + Nzsin60° — P =0, omkyama axon: P My, =20xH: A, 2-+cos60° 5. Hao6paxkaem eaMmoe cocTosme cHeTeNGI (pHc.43) Ht HAXOMIIM exHENTENIe YeITHA B CTEpAKRAX bepMEr: Puc.43. Equmaoe cocTomHne cHCTeMBI Coctapnaen ypasHenia paBHoBeciia Ha OCH x Hy: Y X =—N,cos60° + N,cos60° = 0; >» ¥ = -W,sin60° + N,sin60° - 2, =0, omkyzja HaxozHHM: x, 6. Onpeensent rpyzonoe Aye # exanuenioe nepemeureni: 5ys. nx s10ro nocHosmsyemes (bopmystoit MakeBeua: 7 X, 7 FA ft a (1) C43 T)-C1y-3 “Daas 75 7 EA * EA +a Ms kanionmseckoro ypasitenna (23) naxosiunt “smumo10” neHsBectHyro X: 120 X= Fy = 16KH. Yewus crepauax Ny Nz 4N3 alien ws dbopsysits: re @ > NOx en. (24) Tloactani » bopwysry (24) suaseuna “namie” uexsBecmoi, rpy30BDIX H CAMMEMIIIX HEPHOAIOULUX MoMeHTOR, Toys1aeM 16 KH. Mpumep 4. Ompenemm, peaxtyso onopia B panes, woGpaxcemoit na puc.44,iS) P=20cH) im 145 6 2d ae Mepe gz l0riu2 « Chi A Pue.44 Cueayer omen, 110 8 3aaHHOH NOCTAHOBKE MOKHO H3GEKAT NOCTPOCHTA CYMMAPHEIX IMHOP HSrHGAIONLAX MOMCHTOR H NOMepeyHKIX CHT [UA onpeseneHHA peaktuM onops B. J[11 3TOrO HY RHO BHOpAT TaKHM OGpasom OCHOBHYIO CHCTeMy, 410661 cBs3b B OMope B oKasanace “smumel”. Torna “nmuias” HeHsBeCTHad, 3ameHmoutas nelicTene “numHelt” cRssH, H GyneT HcKOMOi peaxriel, Pewmenue. 1, PasGupaem pamy Ha yaacTkH, ebiGupaeM TOUKY HAGIO/CHIS, BROJMM HOLOKHTEABHBIE H OTpHU CTOpOHI H mpocTazaiseM “xapakrepHBie” ceeHHA 2, Oupenensem crenenb crammeckoli Heonpexennmoctu: n=4-3=1, 3. BuGupaem ocuosuyto cuctemy. Tak Kak Hac uisTepecyer peakuisa ontops B, npHiuMaem B KavecTRe “numueii” HensnecTuoit X, peaxtuno g stoi onope (puc.45). bHbIe Puc.45. Octosnas cvcTema 4, Vao6paxaem oxenparenTuyro crctemy (pic.46). Puc.46. OknmmanentHas cucTema Kanonwueckoe ypapHenve Merona cH meer BHI: Oy Xz + Ayp= 0. (25) Dusiecknit cMnics ITOro YpaBHeHH — pakeHeTRO HYsHO HepeMeLLeHHii & HaMpasieHAn “aMUHel” HeHsBECTHON ¥,, BbIBaNHOe caMoli “nMMHeH” HeHBRecTHOl H BHEMIHel Harpy3Kolk 5. Vso6paxaem rpysonoc cocTosine cHeteMbt (pHe.47,a) M C1pOHM rpysoByIo omopy HSrUGAIONLNX MoMeHTOB Mp (puc.47,6)Puc.47 6. Vso6paxaem emmimioe coctommne cHcTemst (pic.48,a) CTPOHM enMEHRYIO smopy HsrHGaronuN momentos Mf, (puc.48,6). Pue.48 7. Tepemuoxas rpysonyto omopy Mp 4 eamumunyro omopy Mf, wsrHGaromux MomeHros 110 opmysie Mopa-Cumncona, laxofMM rpy3oBoe nepememienHe Aye: 4 160 za l[C-60) -2+4-0-2+ 20-2] =-—. 6. ay (60) -2+ + 20-2] 35 (26) 8 Tepe won caumignyg M7, wsriarousix woMeos camy 1a ceGx, axosuM exo nepewentemie 5s +2 2+ 6 ba 5; = + ae 27) om Ey a 3E) BE] en Hone asm (26) (27) w ypanueune (25) u peut ero omtocineaso 2, wonysnse y, = -—* =-—— = 2.857 eH bu 56 IYHOHHAA sHANeHHE Z14 “HMUKel” HeHsBec TIO; X, 4 ecm BenHunHa onopHOll peakuMH B, Towoxurtenbubslt SHAK Tony “ xX BT y peakum osuaNaer, “10 aupaBienne “uMuncii” HeusnecmHOli X,, a, exeuORaTEMBHO, 4 peaKuAH ouopLi B aLi6pauo nepuo. Npnmep 5. Tina sananoii pamer (pue.49) TpeGyetea noctpowm smopst M, Q, N. M= 64) | 6.0m Pue.49Pemenue, 1. Oupeaemient crenens cramueckoii Heoupesemmmocm n=5: Tas nonyscnna ocHORHO! cHCTeMM HYKHO OTGpocHTs 2 HSGMTOUHEIC CRASH. 2. BuiGupaem ocHosnyto cucremy. Bapwartat ocHOBHOit cHeTeMBI MpHBeyenb Ha pucynke 50, 4,6,6,2. Jaa pacuera BossMem Bapnant 2 (BsGop mpowsBomsHEtit) 3. 3ammmem KavoHHMecKHe ypaRHeHHa 71a pemeHHa: Oy xt Byatt = — Ay: Ox xt On = a xX) 6) x] X2 HO B)oy x Xe ¥ % a4 ob Bo Bye Puc.50 Tow nogevera Koxppmmenton H CROSORHEX WeHOR ypABHeNHii NOCTPOMM SMOpKI OT EMMITT CHT BHeImHeH Harpy3KH (pwc. 51,4,6,¢,2) 9) 6 kM “yy gH Puc.S1 Bariucylenne OCHOBHEIX HapaMerpos JUL Hoc poeHHs on, M oF BHeMIHeD Harpy3KHtoo Hs-5=0,Hs=5. y= 0: Ry +Rs—3-6=0. > Me =0 R, -6—-5-2-6 -3-6-3=0, 6410454 — = 11.67. R, = $ 11,67 + Rs — 18 =0, 6,33 11,67-6 — 3-6-3 = 16,02 To xe jeu noctpoetmm My. ir=0: Hy=-1 Yiy=O: R+Ry= OR, =-Ry DMs =0: Ry6-1-3=0, R,=0.5; Rs =-05, H nas noctpoenna Mg Yix=0: 1-Hy=0Hy=1 Diy=0: A +R=0R =R, DMs =0: -Ry-641-4=0,R, = 067, 4, Busucnsem Koxppuumextst pH x] Ho upasiay Bepemarina: Sip = On, = 4-6 5-5 3=-24, Borwecnen rpysossie cares: 3 12 Dip= 63° ate 6 be3-3. 6-135 aa, byp= -10-2-4. (2+4)16-6-> 2,2 4 5°74 7 6135-5 = 50. Nepex pemennem cHeTeMBI ypabiicinKii npoHSBOAHM NpoRepKY paswaBNOCTA BErIKC-TeHHi KoxdppHUHeITOR: a) MlocTpouas mponepka Ms Mi & =y/ sax, > om Erie re Mz - eyMMapiias smopa Momeitoz oF enumiruiix cia (pe. 52) as nepaoii cxpoxH Med utta= > [ an, gz ne ee eee PaBcHcTBO yOBNIETBOPRETEA. 30 6) cymmapuaa nposepKa.Cymna neex Kospepmumemros = 5 J, on + dx; re. 841 + yy +261) XI 1 1 27 + 53,33 —2-24=3-3-5-5-341-6-5 Oy go! x 12 1444-55-45 32,33 Le. 32,33=32,33 Yeuosue yaosteoprercs. 8) nporepka rpy3onsix cmaraeMpnx Yoe= Ff Mate te 1 é +*) 42-50 =6-3-15-10-2-> 2 8=8. Yesiowne yaonremopxerca. 5, Peuienne cHctembt mpoHsBosHM Ho Metosy Tayeca Qox,— 24x, = 42 =24+ x, +53,33 +x, = 50 ‘Ania st0ro pasyesms nepsoe ypasneune Ha 27, a eropoe — a 24. Tonys ¥,—0,89- x, = -1,56 =x,+2,22-x,= 2,08 Cxuajbibaem 06a ypasiens: 1,33 +x, =0,52 Oreiona Haxostnne x2 = 0,39 Tlojtcrapasem x7 8 moGoe ypasuenme cHcTeMBs x, —0,89- (0,39) = -1,56 x4= -156 + 0,35 = -121 x,=-L21 Bawox: Hewssecmax peaxuma x] ~~ 1,21 nanpassiena nama neupaswibno. Hermurioe wanpasircrne peaxtuan Hg 2 16-6-2-05-24135-2-05 = 16-6-5-05:5 +135-5-0) 6yaer nupazo, a nanpaastenne peaxumm H Hau ei6pano nepuo Aansnetinnti pacuet Moxer mpomsnosuTscs Aya Ty TAME: 1) Hpitoxkue Haiinenmete yoni x; K OCHOBHOM cHcTeMe CoRMeCTHO C BHEMIHelt HarpysKoii (pc. 53), eTPoHM o6iHHBIM crlocoGom amopEt Mox, Qoxs Nox - Onopunie peaxunu Hs, R5, Ry onpenermotes 13 ypaBHenvii cTaTHKH, H zaubuciimx noscuenuit ne 1pe6yeres. ce 1:21 (eH) a KH Low 1.39 (KH) i Puc.53 Tlocxpoenne 91M HYTeM MB NPeLOCTABIAEM MUTATE 1k CAMOCTOSTEABHOFO PeuLeHHA. 2) Vicnomsyem npaiuwit HesaBHcHMocTH elie nBHA CHI, a KMCHHO: Myx = Mp + My +4 +My +xq 4°" +My ‘Xn Qox = Qa t+ Qirxrt Qz-x2t + Qn’ Xn Nox = Np + Ngo xy tNz-x2 44+ Nn on TlocKoubky 2Ulopsl LepepessIBaIOULUX 4 UPOHOAbLBIX CHI OBKIHO He CIPOMIEA HL OT eNMISNBX CHUL, HHL O1 BHEUIHe!! HArpy3kH, TO 9Mopa HepepesbiBAIOMUUX CHI Oox CTPOITeA HO smopE HSTHGAOLLYX MOMeHTOR Mog, & sillopa Nox - Ho amtope Ox.PacCMOTpHM 9STOT IyTb pacera. /\JIA 3TOO HOCTPOMM s1OpbI Mjxj (Puc. 34,a,0) H panoM - Mp. (PHC. 54,6). Pesymsrar noctpoesua - mt0pa Mox (puc. 54,2) a) 3.63 Puc.54 Tiposepum npasiibocts noctpoenna smopsl Mox 1, Crammeckaa mporepxa. Borpesaem y3en 3 (puc. 55). Coctanim ypannesie cTamkn EM, =0: 2,37+8,44-10,81=0 Yeaosne ynonnetsopserca. 2,37 3 10,81 544 Pue.55 2. Kuniemamieckas mposepxa. Tiponepsem nepementenHe TO¥KH NpHOKEHHA CHB xj NO ee HaNpaRNEHHO. OHO LOTKHO GRITS PABHO HY, TO ommetaeT Ye-ToRIMo coBMeCTHOETH jeAbopManta XI en ano, Tepemaorkia Moy Ha My 1237 +3-6)2 12 SE 135-6 -15 + 10,81-6-5-5-3 = 0,03, 3 23 Ommbka coctagsset BL 8057 oan a 037 9, Yeowue ynousxersopacres. Tlo smope Mox ctpoum omopy Qox. Jia Toro pacemorpunt KaxkAbtit HAIPYRCHBYIO CHCTEMOH CIUI: HSTHOGIONIMH MOMECHTIMH H BHEMIHEH BUZpysKoi (pac.56). repaelth paMsl, KaK OTHEMTBHYIO GailKy,cs = i | Te UU 1081 3 3 5 60 L Oa ‘ Puc.56 Tloetpoun o6srmsm uyrem omopst Q win KaxnOro yuactea, ehopmapyem mopy Qox (puc.57,a). Sopa Nox crpoutes no stnope Qog 13 YCHOBUA paHOBeCHA y3u108: Bupesaem ysen 4 (pre.58,a) Yee 0: 121-1,21=0 DH Mea=0 Buipesaem ysen 3 (puc.58,6) Six sO: Neg t 121 +461 = 0.15.5 = 5.82 Dy=0 N+ 108=0.N,.,=—108 an. N. Pue.57 Q) 6) 1.21 psa 0 1 a el 1.21 0.8 461 Nas te, Noa Pue.58 ‘mopa Nox HoKasana Ha pHeyHKe 57,6. Npumep 6. Tpe6yerea paccuntam Kone TpyKumio (puc. 59).‘iad ee Pewenue. 1, Onpenensem creneub crammueckoii ueonpesemumocma n=5-3=2 ‘Dro rovopur o HaeuH 2-x HEGETONUBIX CBRSeli, OcHOBHAS cHcTEMA JL pacueTa Honysaerea YaaeuMe 2-x cBaseli, HeoGxomuMo HOMHHTS 0 GesycHOBHO HeOGXOAUMEIX CBASAX (HX HENESS YARIATE) H YCHOBHO HEOGXOAMMEIX, KOTOPHIC MOXKIO ystaitIT. Bapwarist OcHOBHO! cHcTeMbI NpHBeeHbI Ha pHeyHke 60, BapHarmsl &) M2) HCHONBIOBAT B jambHeMTIMX PaCHelAaX, KaK Y2KE HATIMCANO, HEULSA, 1 K. YslQNeHM GesyCHOBHO HEOGXOIUMBLE CBASH H HOYYAeMax OCHOBHAA CHC TEMA MPHOBCHHO H3McHscMaa! Tiprpnrma no BHAy cxema 6), HO OMMManSHoi u14 sanbHeimero pacueta 6ymeT cxema r). TpHMem ee 3a OCHOBHYTO CHCTEMY. a) 6) LI XQ >, $9—— <— ty, x le! 8) n Henpsa ! X2 xy Henbaa 7 | -o- 2F se Puc.60 2. Jas ocHORHO# cHcTeMBI ammHITIEM KaHOHIFIECKHe ypaRHeHs: Segoe, t Oyge xg tAyy= 0 Say y+ Syn +g + Day= 0. Kaxyoe 13 9mmx ypasienmii racer: cyMMaprioe HepemelfeHHe TOUKHE UPHIOXKEHIA HEHSBeCTHBIX yeu HO Ux HaNpaB.Ienitlo OT BoSHeHCTBHE BCEX CHUL, JelicTBYIONUX Ha KONCTPYKLUIO, PaBHO HY.HIO. Qxers Sy, - NEPEMEICHHE TOIRH NPHORGEAA [-Ol HEEXBECTRO DD ce EXIPABNEHEO OT BOSNEHC BRA X-Oi CIELtz, = 1; Ai, - nepememjenue ToukH NpHioKeHMA i-Ol1 CHILI HO ce HaNpaBNeHMIO OT BOsLClCTBHA Ha KOHCIPYKUMIO BHeITHeH Harpy3KH, 3, [lax onpenerenir o1Hx Koo} pHNMEHTOB H TPYSOBEIK CHaraeMBIX CTPONN STOP! HETHOAIOMEX MOMENTOB O1 cw x, = 1M or eueuuelt narpysku (pu. 61). ania __}:285_,0.428 6) 4714 4,285 3,428 Keys \ Xgrl 5+ 3 7 10 10 8) 10.0 2 10 10,0 tho 12,0 Borunensent Sys: LS [MaMacar sa-) B Mi. om Omopy M7 nepemmorwaem camy Ha CeO: 2 12 1 12 Oy, = 3-3 +5656 3 $1,286 + 36 += + 1,286 $1,714 465+ >+ 1,714 = 23,384. 23 2 23 Borinensem dy) = 094. (Hepesorxarores smnops1 My # Mp ): 2 1,2 Sey Say = 33-553 $ 1286-535 1.286 + 23 4714 +1714) LTE + 5 (L714 4,714 + 43,857 + 0,857 + 0) = = 41,382, Bornicnsem 522. (Ilepewnoxaetea smopa Mz cama Ha ce6z): Bqy = 3-3-2-2-341,286-2-3-2-1,286 a Sezione +2 :(1,714-1,714 + 4: 3,214 3,214 + 4,714: 4,714) + +g GTI 4714 + 4- 3,857 -3.857 + 3-3) 43-3 = 113,378. Borinensen Ayp (1iepemioacaiores ommopst My_nia Mp ): ole +2: (33-1,714 +4 -39,75-1,714 + 1,714 -42) + 1286 + 5: (0 + 4-15,75 15 427-3) + +2-G2-1,714 +4-34- 1,285 + 26 -0,857) + +3: (260,857 +4-8- 0,428 - 0) = 382,242. Burmemaen Aap. (Hlepemnorkarores amtopst M2 a Mp ) 12 3 Agp= —6-3-5-5 +1286 +5- (33 -1,714 +4 -39,75-3,214 + 4,714 -42) +é +5: (42 -4,714 +4 -34 +4285 + 26 -3,857) + te +(26 -3,857 +4 +8» 3,428 — 10-3) — -20-3+ 1542. (0+ 15,75 -4-1,5 + 27-3) = 71,492. 4, Pemeuue cucrem: 23,384x, + 41,382x, = —382,242 41,382x, + 113,378x, = —771,492 x= 712,155 wl; xQ=-2,368 KHL 5, Tlocapocume ouop suyrpenuux yeuusit aa sananniolt pam. T-eiti nym nocmpoenus. K ocuosuoii cucreme (pc. 62) upwiorkHM SauaulLy!o HarpySKY H WaiueLUbIe yCHIKA B OIGPOLICHILIX CBASAX ¢ YHETOM HX SHaka, Jax MOTYYCHHOM CXeMBI CTPOHM MOpkl BHYTPCHHHX YcHMHt OGBIHKIM nyTeM (MeToRaMH COnpOTABNENHA MaTepHaITOB). 1OkKH 10 KH 2,368 2,523 Pints Onpexensem peakimin & cBaSaX: — 12,155 —H,+2+6-2,368=0. #. d= 0: R,-10-10+R, A =0: —Hz-3+10+3+10-5+10-R,-7=0. -7,569 - 6,639 + 80+ 10 —R;-7 96,639 = > = 1776 (uti). Torjia 43 B1oporo ypasHenna R, = 8,224 KH, ‘Smopst BHyTpeHHHX younnii M, Qu N noxasaxer Ha pucyHKe 63,4,6,6. Unratemo npenmaraetea caMocTosTenbHO OCTPOHTS HX H pesy:bTaTst cpaBHHT. 6. LIpousnoaum crammeckyto MpoRepKY — paBHORecHe y3i1a LOKHO cOxpaHaTaca (pic. 63,2,0). — 12,155 + 3,632 + 8,523 = 0; 0=0. x=0: —2,523 H. x= y=0: 8,224-2244=0; 0=0. M 16,564 + 8,104 — 24,672 = 0; 0,004 = 0.a) 00 (2.368 10.0 — H13,652 8.224 vesed = Te Ze.104 12,33 6034 me ae a 24a ban) = a, YY — 2,523 nz, 8) 12,185 a 4 ee 8,104 24,672 (Hen 12,185 3,632 cf: zoe 2 8,22 8,523 NA 16,564 Puc.63 7. Kunemameieckas uposepKa. ‘Mog - M; 1=)) Is dx =0, rae M, - om 3 COMHMHEIX SOP M,. Hepentioxmm Ma, (puc.63,a) na M, (puc. 61,2): 3 g (0+ 4603415 + 16,564 - 3) — 3 —= + (0 + 4-0,643 - 12,336 + 24,672 - 1,286) + +2 (1,714 -8,104 + 4- 1,714 - 11,301 + 1,714-10) + +2 (1,714 -10 +4 -1,28 -8,224 + 0,857 -6,408) + +5 (0,857 -6,448 — 4. 0,428 5,328) = +0,214. [pouer norpeumocm cocrasutr: 0214 100% = 0.29% 75,901 ented 2-oit nym nocmpoenua On ocHosaH Ha npHALMe HesaBKeuMOcI jclicrsMA cH (puc. 64). M,. = Mp +My +x; + Mp +x.Cpastnaan nonysenme pesysisratsl, 10 Ma, MBI BAUM HeSOmBIIHE OrpemHOCTE BEIMHCHEHAR, Cuenys jlaTEIe BTOPEIM IYTEM, 2mHopy Q, CTPOHM TO sTHOPE Mox. J{sU# 97OTO Ham pamy pacstiesHM Ha OTHEsBHBIE sTeMeHTEI (GanKH): 1-2; 2-3;2-4; 4-6; 6-7, x, na 5 omensunx Gasox (puc.65). 3arpyaaem ux BHeMINel HarpysKoil M MoMeLTaMH B KCCTKHK YS1aX, BSATHIX HS STHOPH Mox (pHC.64). PasGepem ony us Ganox, cxwxem, Ganky 2 — 4 (puc, 65,s). Jas yaoGeme pacnonoxum ee ropusouranbito (puc. 65,0). Onpeaenem onopusie peaxuan Hz-10=0. H,=108H. x=0: y=O: Ry-2-3+R,=0. Mz =0: Rg-3+ 10,003 —8,107-3-2-15=0. —10,003 + 8,107 +9 Ry = = 2.368 («H). Ry = 6 — 2,368 = 3,632 (nH). To 91M ane cTpoHM smopy Q (pu. 65,e).Q} Qnemeut 1-2 ©) Snement 2-3 8) SnemenT 2-4 1OkH 1 24,6768) 2 10.003 er? é 16,569 4 1) Snement 4-6 10,003 JOR 2 - v 17,194 M 5 6 D A) Snement 6-7 e) 8,107 KH ‘ 2 17,104 8.107 M 10,003 g 2) 10 kH 3,0 / | 10,1 oo d7 3,682 (CE “SST 2.368 Puc.65 Cpapnnpas sHavenna u sHaKn (!) ¢ smopoli Qok, HoctpocHHoli pasice (puc. 63), Ha 9TOM yuacTKe MBI BHIUM uoHoe coBmaueUe. Smopy Nok cIpOUM no smope Qok, HCHOMKSYA crOCOG BRIPESAHHIA YSi108, KAK 910 jlesaNOck & cTATHYeCKOi NpoREpKe, Pe MBI ToKAsaIM 9TO Ha MpHMepe osHoro ysi1a. McnoaKsya pesystwrath Op,, HOCTPOeHHOlt paliee, TOKAKeM 1a UpHMepe y3i1a 4 oupeslenene poyombHLIX youuHll B crepaUAX 4 —2 44 —6 (puc. 66) : Nye $2368 =0. Nag 368 KH. Nga + 10-1776 =0. Nyp = -8,224 KH. 10,0 J 1,776 = 2,368 N \ Nao Puc.66 4-6 Coepun suave N._¢ HNg_2 co sraveninns, uaitenuimn panee (puc. 56,6) — ous HomuOe MIO CoBmaxaIOL Mpumep 7. Tipurenem npumep pacueta pant 6e3 noacHennii (pc. 67).Puc.67 Pewenue. 1) Onpexensem crenens crammeckoii HeonpentemmMoctH n=3-2-1-2-7=6-2-7=-3 2) Ha pc. 68 MpHReneHs RaprarTst OCHOBHBI CHCTEM. Jlesaem BsiGop Ha BapHanrte a), 5) x3 Henb3a uchonbsosaTb Tlovemy? by a yy, as. X. oe oS XQ Bane) 3S *y, Puc.68 3) Kanommeckue ypannenua Meroxa cu San +, + Sy “xg + 5433 + Diy= OF ny + xy + Spy +22 + 25 +43 + Ary B34 1x4 + Op +x + 435 +25 + Agy= 0. Crpoun enHHdHBte omop Er.404 ~4,0 oa 24,0: 24,0 Onpenensen xoodipuuiieim Kanouneckix ypapsestit: sat & att 3) 8-4 2 3 o)* = 64 + (85,33 + 213,33) = 362,666; ay) aoe 4+4-4-4 = 42,666 + 64 = 106,666; 44-404 = 85,333; ee Basa ¥)= eas 23 tD 2ata)e = 21,333 + 96 + 53,333 = 170,666; 1/4 16)" 4+8 fxg = by = 4°4-5-(F +5) + 4 4 = 53,333 + 96 = 149,333; bag = 63 = 2-4-4274 = 6H dye —4-4-5-($-10 45-24) Saag seae 240) g 2-24 a 28 3 6 * 23 —2:(14-44+4-42-6+8-78) (78-8 44-51 -6 44-24) = —(154,666 + 160 + 74,666 + 1125,333 + 1296) 2,4 Dy —14-4-5-5-4-2-4-(14 + 4-42 +78) -4-405 G 24 78) = ~(74,666 + 693,333 + 480) 4-4-5 -(5 +24 +3-78) = -(74,666 + 693,333 + 480) = 78 +24 1248; + Asp= G+ (+ 42-422 4 78-4) - +4+4 = (432 +816) = 1248. Cuctema ypasitennit: 362,666x, + 170,666x, + 149,333x, = 2810,666; 170,666x, + 106,666x, + 64x, = 1248,0; 149,333x, + 64x, + 85,333x, = 1248,0, Pemaem cuctemy yparnenni. Tonysaem: x1 = 7,359 xH; xp = —2,042 xH; x3 = 3,278 wH. BarpyAaem KOHCTPYKINIO HalyleHHDINH YOHANAN H BHEMINeH Harpyskoi (puc. 70). Okonvarenbite omopH BHYTPeHAUX Yount npuBenenbr Ha pic. 71. 3 a Cxema sarpyxeHus Crameckas mponepka. To MomenTam BHtHO (16 stops M (pc. 71) Bce ysast B pasHonecum. Ho Qn N pacemompaM xapaxtepHBte yaubi (pic. 72,4,6). BuauM, 810 ypannenna cTaTHKH co6moOnaIoTCA. Kunemanmieckaa nposepKa. 4 Moy + My = = + (0 +4 +0,542 2 —4-14,184) + 7a ar +4: (—14,184 + 2,182 + 18,548) = 4 (-52,4 + 52,368) = 0,021. 4 524-45 +4: 13,092 6 } 2,042 + 1,817 — 3,859 = 0. y = 0;7,359 — 7,359 = 7,359 2 20 <1 817 3,859 7,359 6) x= 0; -10 + 1.817 + 8,183 = 0. y = 0;3,278 + 1,363 - 4,641 = 0. i 817 8,183 p xt 3.278 Pue.72 Tlorpeutniocts coctazaser 0,04%, Npumep 8. Tlocrpowns 2mopsi suytpenmx yeu or cuoKoro wosyelictsua 8 pane, uso6paxénuoli ua puc. 73,4, ecu WSBeCTHO, HO WaTHOHAR AECIKOCTS HOMEPeHHBIX ceNeHMlt puresteli pamel EJy BaBoe Gonsure usrHGuolk wxécTKocT rionepembx cesenuit e& cToeK Ee, .€. Ep : Ede = 2:1. Pemenue. 1, Onpegenerme cTenenm cTamereckoit HeonpeneaHMocTH paMst 0 opMyste "KorTypos" N= 3K-HE32-422. pn sarintesremnrn ysTeo, 810 MaprMp Mpasoit cToiiKH paNbl, COCTHHSTONUTK & Y3Ne TPH ANCKA, 9KBABANCHTEN YM pocTbIM WapHHpaN. 2, BaiGop ocHORHO creTewsr MeToAa CHAT H e& KuHEMaTIMECKHiT aH, OcHOBHYIO cHeTemy oGpasyen BRECHHEM UWIMBAPHNECKHX WApHHpOB B BEPXHAi M HIDKHMI y3uIbI UpaBoi CTOHKH paMBl, Te. yUTeHHeM cBsReil, MPenATCTRYIOIHX B3AMMHOMY NOBOPOTY ABYX COCeMHHX ceyeHHi BepxHero Mpagoro y3ila paMBI H TOBOpoTy ceyeHHs, PACHONOKEHHOMY GAMSKO K UpaBOMY ONOpHOMY aufeMeMIO pans, 3a HeWSBECTHBIE MeTOAa CHI B HaUIEM cayvae IPHIMNARIOTCS YCHIIN B YARIGILIX YPRORLIX CRNA, a Hct — wsrnGarommue momenta X1 HX (puc. 73,6).Puc.73, IIpnastas ya pacséra ocHOBHaa CHCTeMa MeTOsIa CH C KHHeMATHYeCKOii TOKH 3peHHa MMeeT mpocTyto cIPYKIYpY Mt TeoMerpiieckH HeMIMeHHMa, J[elicrmuTenbHO, CK 1 OCHORHO! CHCTeMDI 2aKpelLIaeTcs K WCKY "sents! WEMHAPHYeCKHM WLapHNpOM AH cRasKIO ab, Och KOTOpOli He NPoxogHT 4epes wapuup A (puc. 74,a). K reomerpueck uentsMeiiemoii crpyxtype AbaC ysea B upucocamén auanoii (anys ceasavut CB 1 2B). a) Pue.74 3. Tloctpoenne s10p H3rH6aiouluX MOMeHTOR B OCHOBHO! cHcTeMe Merona cH or X] = 1 (pue. 73,8), X2 (puc. 73,2) H saianHoi narpysKu (pyc. 73,0). 91M Soph YATATENIM Npewiaraetes LOCIpoHT CaMOCTOATHGHO, pH BO BHHMAHHe paGouylo CXeMy OCHORHOi cHeTeMBI (pHC, 73,6), Ha KOTOpOH MoKasaHBI e& rlaBHaA_M BropocTencHHas dacTH H onpenterén TopaoK pacuéra, 4, Burmnczerme KoodmpHnveHTOR MpW HEHSRECTHEIX H CROGOHBIX HCHO CHCTEMEI KAHOHHMECKHX ypaRHeniit: 6uX, + 62%; + y= 621K, + O2nXy + Day Conpmkeite cooTercTKYIOLUX 2m0p HSTHGAIOMLMX MOMeHIOR GyzeM npouskomm, HenOmsys opmyily Cusiicona H upasusio Bepeuariatia. Upumem E. Ele = STHOHBIMH KECTKOCTAMM NOMePEHBIX CeYeHHHi pHreneli H CTOeK Pam ‘Unmrenam peKoMeHfyerca TmaTemHO Mposepum apHdMeTMecKHe BHPaKCHMS, SamucaEMEIe HHKC JA EJ (EJ — npowswonsiioe Ye70), Coxpaliaa 3anannioe coomomenne MexHHCJICHHBIX 3HA@4€HHH OMPeeICHHBIX MHTerpaioB opMysb1 Mopa. a, ke 1 1. 2 11 2 fas Qa] Mae pret epiety yet yt 2 $. TIposepka npaswisnocti BBTaMencHHA KoxpDMUIICHTOR MPH HeHSBCCTHBKX HM TpY3OBHX Ko2dypHNMEHTOB CHeTEMDE KAHOMEIeCKMN ypasnenmii, CyMMapnas Smopa WSTHGaronIHX MOMeHTOR Mg = Mj+M3 or Xj = 1 «Xz = 1p OcHOBHOl cHeTeMe MeTOa CHT TIOKasalla Ha pute. 73,¢. le 5 Dan] Ben ay =i F Pesyabrar conpakeHHs STKOpBI HETHOALOULHX MOMeHTOB Mg caMy Ha ceGa pameH cyMMe np 4112121 es 3.5 ep yy yy ey ‘To nlowtmepxstaer ocTOREpHOCTS BUC-IeHN KoxdypyMMEHTOR MH HeNSBECTHEIE 844 + Dan + as 11 2 “A 33-60-31 1 30 aa y Cyma, ancy pots remy PYSOBLIX KOOPHUNCITTOR CHCTEMBI KAHOMHYCCKHX ypaBriertHiit Oy toa copnajaer ¢ pesyssraraMit CONpaxeHHA IMop HETHGaioMUX MoMenToR Ms m Mp, ‘ro cRilerembeTayeT 0 nPaRWTBHOCTH HX RBINHETCHHA, 6. Pemtenne cueTebi kanonHyeckHx ypaprtertt 4 fe 1 90 a Wey etyne 1 3 120 Xt Ejeet) Poesy, B sanannoii cucteme ypasnennii a6comomioe suasenne xEcrKoc™ onepedHoro ceveHHa croek pambl Eo = EJ cokpalilaetvs, T.€. BENMYMHBI YCHIMI B TMIIHHX CBs3ax X] H XZ H, CHeAOBATEABHO, 3HAYCHHA BHYTPeHHUX YCHIHT OT sqaHHOH Harpy3KH BO BCEX CETCHHAX PAMBI SABUCAT OT OTHOCHTETBHOTO SHAYCHHA MBTHOHBIX KecTKOCTEH MonepeTHBIX CeueHHii 3u1eMeHTOB PaMEl, DTOT BHIKO)| PACTIPOCTPAHAETEH Ha IHOSKIE CTATHHECKH HEOTIPEHETHMBIE CTEPAHEBBIE CHCTEMHI npH WX pacuéte Ha crLTOROe BOSselicTBHE. 4-X,-1-%, +90 =0, -1-X%,+3-%,—120=0, Orroza noayamm: X] = -13,64 KHM, Xz = 35,45 KHM, Snake "Mime" z4 GHeAOROrO 3HATEHHA yer B TMUIKMi, cBsSH X] YkasbIBAeT Ha OGpamice HanpaBleHHe jelicTEMA 9TOrO YewIA To cpaBHEHKIO ¢ MpenBapHTeNsHo NPHHATEIM IPH BBIGOpe OCHOBHO! cHcTeMe MeTOga CHIT, 7. Onperenenme nsrHGaromux MoMeHToB B CeHeHHAX sananHoii pamel H HocTpoeHMe CoomETeTBYIONelt ImOPEL M=M1X] + MpXq + Mp. Opammarer amopst My ynnoxxua na —13,64 KH, a Mz — na 35,45 KEM, sae mpowspené caoxenme stop M1X1, MoX> 4 Mg (puc. 75). Smopa H3rH6arousHX MOMeHTOB 3ajaHHoil pame Mokasana puc. 76,a.8. Kunemammeckas mposepxa. Jaa stoi nent Henoassyem cyMMapuy!o onbopy waruGaromux MoMeHTOR My (puc. 73,¢) 6 5 ye al Mux Mrxds = 555° (4-83.13 05 — 13,64: 1) 7SECO 318 18,18 24,55 74.27 Kinemannieckas mpozepxa namioauena ¢ uyneBoii a6comomioli norpeumoc m0, 9. TloctpoeHie smop TonepesHKX H MPOAOIIKHKIX CHI B sastaHHOlt pave. Smops Q uN sua satantolt past uoKasanibt Ha puc. 76,66 Npumep 9. Flavo: ctanmieckn HeonperenHmax pama (pHo.77) H sanaHo CooTHOIIEHHe MOMeHTOR HHEpIIN ceveHHit ee snementos 11:2 = Tpe6yeres nocrpoum 21mopEl HSrHGalouyX Momentos M, nomepesumix cH Ov npoxonbunix cw N.Puc.77 Pewmenue. 1. Onpenensor crenenb crammecKoli HeonpeeruocTH pasts n= 5-3-2, rae 5 — nemo HesaRHicHMBIx onopuBIX peaxtuAii, 3 — Meno ypaBHeHNit cTaMHKH Ha TLIOCKoCTH, 2, Ocuionnas cnerema noKasaua ua pue.78 Puc.78 B pacemarpupaemoii saave BOSMOXXHEI H [Ipyrve BapHarTer OCHOBHOH CHCTEMBI, HOKASAHHEIe Ha puc.79. X, Puc.79 B sui6pamoii Koncomsuoii ocHosuoii cucreme (puc.78) rpysonas 1 eMMMHBIe 2IHOpsI MoMeHTOB Moryr Obttb nloctpoeht Ges BRMHCHEHMA OMOPHEIX PeaKINHH, TOKO Ha OCHOBAHHH O/LHOTO MMIII onpesteeHKA USrHGaKOUIero MOMCHTa & CONCH. Fes ocnornas cucTema GarouHoro WIM apouHOTo THN, TO HeOGXO_MMO MpHBecTH Bce pacsen, oc ipocuem smnop, 3. Kavonnueckue ypapexna: G44X, + SyaXz + Dye= 0 523%, + aay + Dzp= 0 Breck Xn; - Hersnectamie yous (peakiun) & oTGpomestBIK CRASAN. 4, Onpexenenne Ko>ipHIMeHTOB H rpy30BLIX WIeHOB KAHOHHYECKHX ypaBHeHstii 4.1, Ha pucynkax 80 4 81 noxa3anet ejHMuHpre omopst MomeHTon Mj 4 Mz H 3mopa warnGaronunx warpyskut Mp (pac.82). crasannie © MOMCHTOR OT 3a/1aHH\ Puc 80 Puc. 814.2, Borinezenne xoapdiuuertos Si 1 cRo6oAHEX (rpy20BBIX) HIeHOR Ap. Tak Kak OneMeHTM pawn UMeIOT PaSHYlO 2KECTKOCTS Ha HSTHO, TO MPH BBMUCHENNSX BEOLAT yeuoRHyto KeeTKocTs Els, yunTaikad 3a7aHHoe CooTHOMIeHHe MoMeHToR uRepiumt [,:[, = 3:4.2KectKocTs RepmKambHoro oneMeHTa npuMem panHoii 3EJ,, a purens - EI, Pamy pasGHBaror na YuacTKH, Ha KOTOPEIX TIepeMHOKaeMBIe AMOpHI WOGPAKeHGL TIpAMBIMH STATING HLTH ovepuennr rio napaGone, ‘Zax onpenencrma nepewemennii npumerm criocos Bepemaryma. Mi ds eae 42 1 5,333 On + 7 = De Ie 3°" ER Ely Malle 441 1-375 O12 = 9a = 5s ~ arr, Ely (Tosnoe nonoxene ‘wena ‘DPKCCT TpANCUAMH Ha yuacTKe Al ONpeNeATs He HYIKHO, TAK KaK Pe Ob1 oH He HAXONWLICH BUYTPH TOMLAK TpareNHH, opAMIIATA Nog HH B oMOpe Mz 6yzer HocTosmUA). 3uak MUHyC Mepen MpoMsHeseHHEM OGEACHAeTCA TeM, YTO ILLOMLaAb TpanleuuH B oMope My u opaunaTa nos ee eHTPOM THKCCTH B 3mOpE M7 NexaT no pasHBLe CTOpoHEI aeMeHTA Al 10) y/4s- 2-352 2-22 1 3,888 n= BEI Ely’ 3 1 by= YI = GragT, 2844 2-3-1- O-143-4)1-1-05-FT 3 Ht 6 -4El, toa, tet D= El, 5, Pemaior crictemy Kanonmeckix ypasitenti, naxoyar nensBectibte yore Xj 5,33X1 -3,75X2, 4,625 = 0 =3, 7X1 43,88X+0,9166=0 X1=2,18 X271,865. 6. Crpost oxonmatemsnyto otopy M=Mp + My °X1 +My -X2, 6.1, Buawane cxpoar nenpapsieumpie omopst MX} 1 MpX2 (puc.83) , 2.18 —_ 3.73 Pue.83 (2+6:2-2:3-246+2-3-24 0,9166 8.72 Ecam nafiienioe yewme Xj noryswioch co 3HaKOM MHHYC, TO COOTBEIeTBYIOILAd HCnpaBeHHaA sntopa 1a Gute NOCTpOCHA Ha NPOIABONIOO-KUDIX, tem 9MTOpa Mj, CTOPOHAX 3s1eMeHTTOR pawl, 6.2. Oxomsareabniaa 910pa Momenron M nonysaeres akkypaTisim CnoxkenmeM (110 TOHKAM) MeMpaBAeHHLIX rpysonoii omop (puc.84).LOL 10 0.27 1.18 fs 0.86 1.45 Puc.84 7. TIpopepka smmopst M. Ha puc.85 nokasaHa cyMMapHas eslutHHaa siopa Mg= Mj+M Ms Puc.85 Tepes >on MuMs Sas FEO W225 14 L01-1+1,45-2)+ ve 118-1-1- D+ 3ET, O27"? +4-0,86) = = (--0,3785 — 0.3788) + = 0,00013 /E 1, Ely Omm6ka cueTa cocTaRMAeT BCeTO 7 00013 10096 = 0,349 0,37875 7 8. C1poar smiopy nonepesnsix cH Q. 1016 + 1.4485 Qa: = ——3-— = 0.8215, 11785 +1 Qsc L615 KH, Qnpan = Qis = 2,385 KH. Oiopa TOMePeMHBIX CHI TOKA3aHA Ha PHC. 86 0.82 2.135 9. Ctposr amopy npostorsHarx cut N MpononbHpte CHIBI HAXO/IST H3 PaBHORECHA y3T0B paMbl. BuIpexeM >71eMeHT pamet y orropst C (pue.87) Di r=0: Nyc =Puc.s? Bupexxem y3ex 1 (puc.88) Yix=o: Nag 2,135 = 0; Na, = 2,135 5H. d= : Nig — 0,8215 - 2.1765 +3 =0, Ng =0 Na Ne 2135 Ne Puc.88 ‘Smopa N moKasana wa pwe.89 Puc.89 10. Tipozepka o6mero paznioBecus pant Pamy orpesaior or onop 1 & MecTax paspeson npuxaaquimaior sHasenua Nm Q ¢ noaystenuBn omop. Im yous JO;KUbI HAXOUMILCA B PABHOBECHH C LelicTByIOUeHi Ha Pamy UarpysKoii (puc.90). x=2-3-2,135 — 1865 =0, 821 — 3 + 2,179 = 0. 2.135, Pue.90 Mpumep 10. Tlycm tpeSyerea nporeem pacuer miockoii pamst (pic. 91, a) Merojom cM B caenyiomel nocaejoRaTenbHocT: 1, Onpexenenme crenem crammueckoii neonpesteaumoc ns; . BulGop ocHoRoli cucteul; . CocraBenHe CHCTeMBI KAHOMUe “HX. ypapsterti; . BRINHeTeHHe KoodypHINeHTOR KaHOHIHECKEX ypanHeHit; . Tiponepka upasiisioem nose4era Kox*ppuuUHeHIOB KANOMMICCKUX ypapitenii . PellieHe CHCTEMBI KAHOHMSECKUX ypaRHeHHii H MpoREpKa ee NpaBHiTbHOCTA; . Tlocspoenne oKoHYareMbHOH 2HOPHI HSTHOAIOULUX MOMEHTOB Mox; . Tiponepka upaniibuoem noetpocii smops1 Mox He oetpocune o1ops1 O(2); 9. Tocxpoenme mops: N; 10. Cramueckas m zebopmannonsas mpozepka paMbl B 1es10M. Pewenue. ew ReE eas 1. Onpedexenue cmenenu cmamuveckoi ueonpedeaumocmu Tloxcummaes crenens cTammeckoli HeonpeenuMocTH cHeTeMBI. KomHecTBo onlopHBIX cTepxKHeli 5, KOTMMHECTRO ypabuicunii pasnosecHA 3, ro oreroa n=5-3=2, cucHOBATEAKNO, CHCTEMA ABAKNM CTATHECKH MeOMpesCHUMa, wit, pyrHMH ciI0RAMH, HOM He CBA 2. ButGop ocnosnow cucmempt r uRe aHSBCCTHO, 4TO OCHOBHAA CHCTCMA OIIPCACIACTCA H3 3A%aHHOH IITyTCM OTOPaCbIBaHHA JIMIHMX CBASCH Hi UPWIOKEHHEM COOTETCTEYIOMUK YewIMl, BOSHUKAIOUIUX 8 OIGPOLCHHBIX cBAIX B SaxaHHOi cHCTeMe, Tipu 910M OCHOBIIAA CHCTEMA HOIDKIa Oki CLATHECKH OLpEHeTUMOli H reoMeTpHECKH LeHSMeMAeMOil a) a T rapnarr 6) U napwanr 2 i 11 napuant xr ts AM, (xm) *) 12.806 12,801 25.602, MX (cHeM) Puc. 91 Cpapnneas 1p BapHanra OcHOBHEIX cHCTEM (puc.91, 6-2) NPHXOAHM K BBIBORY, 410 HanGoree LeTeCoOGpasHo B KavecTRe OcHOBHOHt cneTeMBI BBIGpaTs [brit BapHaHT (pH. 91, 6), TEK KaK B TOM cmysae: — He TpeGyeTea npemRapHTEnbHoE BBIHHCATEHHE OTIOpHBK peaktnii; = oTHopr HSTHOaIOMIHX MOMEHTOB, HOCTPOEHHBIe B OTOH CXEME OT BOSEMCTBHA Ha Hee KAKJOrO 13 CHIH X2 = 1, Pw q, GynyT pacnpoctpaHeHst Ha MeHBITEM KOTHIccTBe YUACTKOR CHCTeMBI H MpeneTaRseHB! Xj = 1 NpOcTeMMMH reoMerpHYecKHMA urypaMa, ‘Ho suauiTensuo oGaervaer npouece onpenerenni Ko>dypmLuerttOB KaHOHMYeCKHX ypaBHensi, 3, Cocmaerenue cucmemul KaHoHuYecKux ypacnenudRaHOHHYCCKHC YPaBHCHHA, HCOOXOMMMBIC JVIA PCIICHHA CTATMYCCKH HCOUPCACIMMBIX 32144, IPCCTABILAOT coGoli yparnenHa comMectHoc™ jehopmanmii, Uneso vx Beersa paBHo cTeneHH cTamMeckol HeomperemMMoc™. DUsHUCCKHi CMBICI KAXKHONO MS KALOLMMECKHX YpABHICHIAli, KAK GELIO YKASAMO BbILLC, COCIOMT & TOM, SIO CyMMapiioe nepeMenicHHe To HanpaRscHMo ycuIMii Xj OT BCCX JleHiCTRYIONIMX B OCHORHOM CHCTeMe CHIOBKIX (bak TOPOR, BKTIOTAA 1 eusBeCTHBe, paBHo 0, TAK Kak B AeHCTBMTENBHOCTA B THX HANpABACHIX CTOsT cBASH, mpenaTcmytouHe BOSHIMKUOBELIMIO HepeMenietiait 1o HAMNpAB.ACLIAIO IHX HeHSBECTIBIX. Tax pacemarpubaemoro city4ax KAHOUNYECKMe YpABICHHH MMCIOT BIL (Oud + ks +O + ig aX, + O22 + Aap + Aag= 0. 4, Boruucaenue Kooppuyuenmos Kanonuveckux ypasuenut Tak Kak Bce KOSp(uLNeHTE KaHONNUeCKHX ypaBHenHii npenctaBasor coGoi TepemeUteHHs, TO WL HX BHMCIEHHE BHAYANE CTPOST EAMHMYEKIE H TPy3ORHIE IMOPHI HSTHGAIOIIHX MOMEHTOR B OCHOBHOH cHcTeMe, 3aTeM To popmyne Mopa ¢ npaMenenmen rotoRsx popmys 11m npasiita Bepemarma c HcromBzoBarmeM TaGs.2 ompenenin mx sHaHeHG, Dinopst wsrHGalouyX MoMerroB, HOCTPoeHHBIe B OCHOBHOM CHCTeMe OT BOszeiICTBHA Ha Hee KvKAOTO B omensuiocta yous X] = 1; X7 = 1; P wg, woxasanei ua puc. 91, d— 91, 2. Vcxons ws exuHMMIHEIX H rpy3OBBIX 9IHOp Onpenenstem KO>"pipMILEHTAI KAHOHHUECKHX ypaBHeHHik: 1d 108 5. posepxa npagusvnocmu nodcuema xoopguyuenmoa TpapnisHocts pacueta KoopuiveHToR KaHOHHYeCKHX ypaBHeHHii ocytlectBAaeTes NyTeM YHHBEp UPOBCPOK, LPH 9TOM HOLVAHDI BLULODULTIBCR CH1¢HYIOULNE YC HOBA: Sasi seq? rac D 6 - cymma weex uaiiqempix raaubix 1 noGosEX Koaxddpuunert08: BS = 6, + Oy: + Oxy + Ory Og5— BEAMHHINA, HONYHeNIIAA & pesynbTaATe YMIOKEUMS eNIMIAAHON cyMMaptiol smophl Mg wa ceGa: LA — semua, onpeseniemad cnoxkenveM 31a4cHMi, NONYYeHEIX B pesyubIaTe YMUOKCHHA IOpEI smopy Mp x outopst Mz ina omopy Mg; k — Kommieemo yaacKox o10ps. py Mp P! z py Mg: yt PI ua Smopa Mz (pue.91, u) crpouiea & OcHOBHO! cHCIEME OF OJHOBPeMeHHOTO BOsueHiCIBMA Ha Hee BCEX HCUSBCCIMMIX caMAMAUEIX yewunit (Xy = 1; X7 = 1), ne. uyrem cuore cammmbix ainop My 4 M2: Mg = (M, + M,). Brauiem caysaeDUG £99 200 BS = bus + B12 + bus + 82 = Fy “Efe Ele Ele =p. , tip Os5= Fg 2G OHA) HO4FE + ER Gat 1edyeaedgrg]toeed2-2-2.24¢2.5.3-3-2 = B88, Hee det alters 32+ a i- ae ES = Sa 307,125 131,625 72 27 339,75 Ele Ee Eye Ele «Ee BA = Aye + Agg + Asp + 1 6+4 13 eee Bate cyan es Ones tana Wi us. -(2-343)- 1o6tH gy 289 yyy 2239-78 =F], 6 2)" Ey, 2 Ej, 12 Ele EA = Asag. Takum o6pasom, oGa yesoBHA yoBTeTBOpmoTes. CreoRaTeNEHO, KOOpDMIMeHTE KAHONHYECKHX ypapHeri pace uHTaHI Repro. 6, Pewenue cucmembl KaNOHUNECKUX ypasnenud u nposepka ee npasuabHocmu LloxcTapne & cHCTeMy ypaBHeHnit sHaveHns KosdpMnMeHTOR KAHOHHECKHX ypaBHeHil, TOMy HM: pees — 22,5%, — 307,125 - 131,625 = 0; (-25,5%, + 11,333X, + 72 +27 = 0. Penis oy cHCTeMy ypaBHeHHii, Haiiem sHavenns HeHSBeC THB: X| = 4,267 KH; Xp = 0,865 KH. Tipaswiniocts BRIGHC ACI HENSBECTIBIX NPOBePHM MyTeM HogCTAHOBKH ualinemMX suaenui Xy u X27 & HCXONMBIE ypaBtess: 108 - 4,267 — 25,5 - 0,865 — 438,750 ~ 460,836 — 460,808 ~ 0; 25,5 + 4,267 + 11,333 - 0,865 + 99 = -108,808 + 108,803 7. Hocmpoenue oxonvameasuoi snwpu uszubarmyux momenmoe Mox Opamians: oxoHMaTeABHOH Imops! MaTHOAIOMUHX MOMeHTOB Myx B XAPAKTEpHEIX CeHEHILX sanaHHoil CHCTEMEL eTecooGpasHo TonCHHTAT & TaGRHUHO! dpopMe (raG:.3), NpeARApHTEAIBHO MPOHYMEPORAR RCE XapakTepHHIE CCHCHHA H SA/1QBIIHCh HpaBicioM 31aKoR WArHOAIOULEX MoMeHTOR (puc.92, 6). Oxoratenbiyro omopy wsriGaioulix MOMeHTOR Mpx JWI SanaHHoi CHCTeMBI CTpOHM B CooTRETETAMH c NPHHUMIOM HesaBHCHMOCTH J[clicTBHA CHI MYTEM CHOKeHHA KUcMpaBsEHHEEXY smop My Xy u Mz X7 © rpysonsin sulopamu Mp u Mg , Ko1opsie 1loc1poenbi B ocHOBLOH cucteMe: Moe ~ M1 X1 + Mz X2~ Mp + Mg «Henpazsienisten smoper wsrHBaronux Momestos My X1 u Mz X2_ ctpowm nyrem yMnoxeHmA Rex opytustat enmmmnx smop M1 M2 , coomere Tero, Ha savers X] W.X2 ¢ yaeTOM Hx sHaKa, TlocTpoermmte TaKHOM O6pasoM omopst My X1 «M2 X2 npuwerensi wa pric, 91, x H pre. 92, a. Ta6amua 3 Howep MX}, 2X2, Mg couenna Hw xi KHIM 0 25,602 0 -18,0 1 25,602 -1,73 -18,0 2 25,602 -1,73 -18,0 3 12,801 -1,73 -6,0 4 0 -1,73 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 6 12,801 0 0 -6.0 7 6,400 0 0 0 8 6,400 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 Tax Kak Ha yactke 2-3 amopa Mox (puc. 92, 4) KpHBonuNeiiva, To [1A yTOUHEHTA ee ONepTAHHA HeOGKOAIMO Halim oKeIpeMaubHoe sHaYeHHe UsrHGaIoMero MoMesa. Jax 91oro paccMorpum ouemeHr 2-3, BHipesaumbi Hs cTaIMeCKH HeonpexeaMMoii cuctembl, Ha 3T0T purens seiicTayer pasHomepHo pacnpenenennaa Harpy3Ka g = 2 KH/M HABa OOPHBIX MOMCcHTA M2 = —5,128 kim W M3 = 5,071 Khim (Tabu.5). Pactemiaa cxema s1oro oieMerta rioxasana na pyc. 92, 2, Buayane BeruHcMM onopuBle peaKium, cocTaBHE ypaBHeHHA pasHoBecHa: EM, = a Ry 3 — 5,071 — 3,128 + 2-5 IM, =R,+3-5,071- 3,128 +2- omkyna R = 5,733 KH Hw R3 = 0,267 KH. TIposepam mpaBHAbHocTs BATHICTeHHA OTOPHBIX peakTIMii, COCTABHB YPaBHCHHA PABHOBECHE: Ey =R, +R; — q+3 = 5,733 + 0,267 -6 =6 -6 =0, Onpenenmm Koopamnaty Zjq¢ cement, B KoTopom Q - 0, a M=Mpy-, werlomsonas cremyromyto ru bepermmarbHyro 3aRnICHMOCTE: dM) = Q(z) =R,-92=0, ge OD = 4 Omysa Re 5.733 _ oc6s iia m Tora 11% 9T0ro cexeHNa HOY HM: Wee Muze = Ra¥ext ~*~ 3,128 = 5,733 +2,8665 — 2286657 <— ~ 3,128 = 5,099 H+a) ay 3.128 1,73 acl \ 0 — Zz (xFT-w) a) ayy =2.86650 Vaen B Yaer C 3,128KT Tar S.071KHM | 6 SO1KH-m re \A my Baca ia 1,73KHw ) Yaen B 3 Yaer C , : Mak 026764 0.267KH 865) se 5-0.865KIT » > O,863KH a Sx y. | $,733KH 0,868xH Mo i K) 4,267kH 1,398KFT-m 0,863KFT x O.865KIT Puc. 92 Tlo naiiyermmnt 311 pam (puc. 92, €). 8. IIposepka npasuavnocmu nocmpoenua anwp Mog u Ofz) CHM OpuMIIaT CTPOUM OKO:IaTEAGHyIO OMOPy WAHGAOUIUX MOMCHTOR Mox ix saNaNO!tAA MPOBCACHHA CTATHYCCKOH MPOBEPKH BbIPC3aCM XKCCTKHE Y3JIbl PAMBI KPOME ONOPHBIX, MPHK1aIbIBaCM BCC nelle TByIOMLMe B HX MOMeITI H MpoBepseM yeTOBHA paBtioBecHaT My, = 0. Bramem npaMepe Bupexem yam B HC (prc. 92, 0) # mporeprm Hx pasHoRecHe, Yaeun B: My, = 3,128 — 3,128 = 0. Ysen C:¥ My; = 5,071 + 1,73 - 6801 = 0. Yenosa papnosecua ysis Bom C ppinozumores, BeIlOsHeHHe YCIOBHA PaBHOBeCHA Y3I0B AB:IAETCA HEOGXOTIMBIM, HO HejocTaTONHBIM. JJOCTATOUHEIM YCROBHEM MpaRWTBHOCTH ONpereRcHHA Mog ABNACTCR BKINOMHEHHE neopMalHionHoi nponepKH saannoli cHcTeMM ¢ MpHMEKeHHEM 2mMOpK Mox, CYT KoTOpOrO sakmMouAeTeA noKasi nheme OTEYTETMIA epeMenLENHA W TOK HO HAAR 1 4, yf eter. fave Fj ‘Dra mponepka Xow M He MMeeT disuecKOrO EMBICWTa, TAK KAK CKNAUBIBAIOIeA PaAsTUMHIe HO HaMIpaBseMMio NlepeMeleHHs, HO OHA {WdeT BOSMORKHOCTS OK: Hilo KATO OIGPOMTEHHOH CRISH, © 21 MPABHIbHOCTs NOCTPOEHHA Mx BO BCEX CeHeHHEX saztaHHoil CHCTEME Tina yaodema sarimcientii nenecoo6pasno pactenim Kpusommuelinyto smopy Mox Ha yaacTke pants 2-3 (pne. 92, 6) 0 spanenennanuyio u napaGomnecxyio (noneGHo npunenexoMy mate wa pic. 32). Torna Ae: Fy, 6 204-6 + 3128-4) + 3128-64 14-41 + 2], *G@+D+ 2 1 +a [2 (3128-44 5071 -1) 3.128 +5,071 -4] m2 64-15-2152 0. Ar L5- 5-15 = 0. 1 1 +—— [2 + (6,8-3+ 64°15) + 68°15 + 64-3) += EJ Elp Opanwars omopst Q(z) onpeneatem ucrionmays saBncHMocts Q(z)-dM(z)/dz man sanneKmRan R KoHesHEIX pasnioc ax: QC) = 0%) + Me = Meas i @ rae QC) — nonepestias cua b cevenmax ¢ KoopAMMaTOH z No ANH yHacTKa, mietoulero pactenHyIo cxeMY B Bue HpOctolt AByxoUOpHol GalkH, sarpyXcHHOl sajlannolt BHeMINeH HarpysKoit (puc.92, 2) Vuacmox 0-1. Ha 910m yuacrxe Bucuiaa narpy3Ka oryretpycr, uoxtomy Q°(z) = hopmyzte (2) . 1 ous ompeneniew 10 —3,128 — (-1,398) Qo. = 3 = 0,865 2H. Yuacmox 2-3. B 970M ciy4ae mpm Hane Harpy3Ku q = 2 KH/M HMceM: qt 5,071 ~ (-3,128) Qa 772+] _ 3-22 + 2,733 =5,733 — 2z, omkysta put z = 0: Q9 = 5,733 KH; upu z= [= 3 M: Q3 = 5,733 ~ 6= -0,267 KH. Vuaemox 4-5. Qq_5= +? = 0,865 KH. Yuacmox 6-7. en = ESS = 0,267 Ht oes Yuacmox 8-9. Qs-s = [> = — 4.267 KH. Tlo nafiqermmim snavenmiam opsumiar etporm amopy Q (puc.92, e). 9, Hocmpoenue snupet N Opannasr smopK MpoAOABHKIX CHI OMpenerseM v3 yeoRHii pasHonccus z= 0 nu Ly =0 ysaon pamul, BEIpesAMMIBIX 13 omopst Q. Tipu 9M oTpmMaTeNbHy!o MonepewMyIO CHIY HaNpaRAAeM Tak, YTOGKI ona Bpamavta BEIPCSAMUbIl Y3eH POIMB XoHa YACOBOH CIPCIKY, a HONOKMIEUBHYIO — HO XOAY YacoBOH cipeakH. HopMaububle CHIE HaNpaBAAeM OT Y31a, Te. Mpeslmonaraem, WTO CToHiKa 4 PHrest PacTaHYTL Burpesar ysen B (puc. 92, ac), CocTaBHM ypaBHIeHA paBHoRecHs: Ez =0: Nz + 0,865 =0 = N;_, = -0,865 KH; Ey =0: Ny_p — 5,733 = 0 = Ny_ = -5,733 KH, 3uaK «MMe» FOBOPHT O TOM, NTO HANpABEHIA UPOAOABNBIX yews paresa H cTOjiKU GEL NpHIGEED HeBepHO. [lootoMy & elie TAHTeNBHOCTH pure H cToHiKka He paGoTAIOT Ha pacDHKeHe, a Ha CATE. Ms pacemoxpenma pastonecus ysia C (puc.92, 3) cxcayer: Ez =0: Neus — 0,965 + 0,865 =0 = Nz_o = OKH; 3: —Ny_s — 0,267 + 0,267 = 0 > N,_5 =0. Tlo BETIVCHEHAEIM 3HAYEHHAM OPAHHAT IN KAKOTO yaacTKa cTpowm smopy N (pxc.92, u).fU. Cmamuueckan nposepKa paMel 6 YeAOM Crameeckas mposepka paMbi 8 HEHOM NPOUBBOAUTC JI HOAMBEPKALHHA MpaBIUISHOC TA OcTpoenHA amop Q, N W Mox - OHa sakMOWaeTCA B MPOBEPKe PABHOBECHA PEMBI B ICIOM WK TOGO! OTeeTeHHO! ee YacTH, Te. MpOBepKe ynoBieTROpeHHA ycnoBHit pasHoRecua L z= 0; Ly = 0; D My = Onog soszeiictavem BxeuHHX Harpy30K H BEYTPEHHHX YCHIMii, BOSHHKAIOMUX B MECTAX MPOBEICHHBIX CeHeHHit Jia ssoaneHnt oTOi mMpomepKH oTe¥eM saxaHHy!o paMy OT BCeX Ollop HM SAMeHHM UX jlelicTHHe BOSHMKAIOMUMH & 9IUX CeHEMIOX BuyIpeHUAM yous O,.N a M (puc.92, x), sHa4eHHX KOIOPEIX OUpEHELMOIE 10 smmopam Q, NM Mox . Hanpassieniie Bcex BHYTPEHHUX YCHAHIL MPH 9TOM LOMKHO CooTRETETRORATE HX sHaKy. CeiIo- parembHO: iz 0,865 — 0,865=0 = 0 5,733 + 4,267 6-4 = 0=0; 243 IM, =0: 1.3-8+— "44-45 — 4267-6 =-27 +27=0=30=0. Ypannicuma pasnosecus ynonaerBopstors, NeMOBATeBHO, PaMa pacc4HTaHa BepHO. Ucnonb30eanue ceoticme cumMempuu npu packpbimuu cmamuyeckod Heonpedenumocmu Htrommsonanne MeTovia CHT jUIK pacteTa CHCTEM ¢ BBICOKOH CTENCHBIO CTATIMECKO! HeoMpeyenHMOCTH CBRIAHO c PeleHHEM CORMECTHOH CHCTeMBI GomTKINOTO KomHMeCTRA TuBeMIHX ypaRHeHii, Jake caMBIt SKOHOMITHEIX MeTOA peleHMa TaKUX cHcTem — alropuim Taycea — 1pe6yer n? Bprumcamreabusix onepauuii (rae n — 4aes10 ypagnenMii, i.e. CTelleith CTAMMMeCKOH HeOMperteNHMOCTH CHCTEMBI), HIP YCsIORHH, TO RCe KOSI PHUWEHTA CHCTEMBI OTINUHBI OT Hy:14. B CRASH C STHM HYAKHO CIPEMMIBCA TAK REIGPAT OCHOBHY!O CHCTEMY, ITOGH BOSMOKHO Gombiee UHCI NOGOIHBIX CAMKMSLIX Hepemententit Ji. (i +k) H eBOGOMMHX WACHOE Aig OGpaNLIOCE B HOM. OcHORHBIM cpenCTROM AAA AOCTIOKCHH TOM HeTH ABAACTER HNOABSORAHHE CHMMETPHM. CrepokHeRaN CHCTeMA ABIICTCA CUMMEM PUYOL, CCTM CHMMETPHMUHTEI HE TOIGKO OCH H ONlOPHBIE 3aKperLIeHmA (reoOMeTPUNIECKAR CHMMETPHE), HO W xkecTKOCTH (yMpyrag cHMaMeTpHa). [pH 9TOM BEIT Harpyska MoxkeT OBITS Ht HeCHMMeTpITTHOH Tipu eniGope ocHORHOl CHCTeMBI JIMINHHE HeNSRECTHBIe CsteNYeT REIGHPAT. B RIVIe CHMMETPUMKIX H OGparHO CHMMETPH'IIIX — YW, CHMMETPHINBIE HEIGRECTHBIE CO3AOT CHMMETPHIEBIE SHOPS MOMeHTOR, a oGpario CHMMETPHHIIKIe HeWSRECTHMIe — KOCOCHMMeTpuNHbe oMopsl. TakHe mops oSuataioT caojicToM RsanMHoi OpTOrOHANSHIOCTH, T.e. pesyTBTAT HX MepeMHOTKEHHA PaBeH HY. Sx > [ -— ds=0 (28) Oproronanusauza ouop Moxker oc mararscs pasiMsuBIMH COCOGaM: 1) suiGop cummerpusnioli ocHoBHOlt cHeTEMB; 2) mniGop CHMMEIPHYIAX H OGpaTOCHMMeTPHSBIX HEHSBEC MIBK; 3) rpynnuposka newsBectbIxX; 4) yetpoiicTso »xecTKUK KoHCosTe! (crIoco6 ynpyroro espa); 5) HCTOALsORAHME CraMMeCKH HeoNpeseAMMOll OCHOBHO! CHCTEMBI; 6) pastoxeHHe NPONSROEHOH Harpy3KH Ha CHMMeTPHYRY!O H OOpaTHOCHMMeTPHIHY!O COCTARAMOMIHE, PaccMorpuM pamy, HMEIOULy!O Och reoMeIpHecKoli CHMMexpHH (puc.93, a). 3aMeHHM BHEMIHIOIO Harpy3Ky efi CTATHYECKH SKRMBATEHTHOH, TaKol, YTO OA MpENCTARMeT CYMMY CHMMETPHHO! (pHc.19, 6) H KococHMMeTpHAHOli (pic.19, @) narpy30x oTHOCHTeMBHO OCH reoMeTpIIeCKOHi CHMMCTPH. 4 5 5 5 8 CCHETBH a) 6) B) Puc. 93 Axanorisiio MOmHO KAACCHpMLUNpORATs RHYTPEHHNE CHORME GpakTopHl B MPOAROTBHOM CeeHHH crepAHERO! cuctemb (puc.94). VeruGaoume momexmi My. My, nopMansuaa cwia N spiuotes sepkanbabim o1paxenuem upyr upyraOTHOCHTEMBHO TWIOCKOCTH NOMepedHOrO CeHeHHA. ITH BHYTPCHHHE CHNOBbIE (aKTOPb! Ha3OBEM CHMMETPHYHbIMH. Ocrausunie (uepepesninaioue cui Ox, Qy M xpyDuuli Momenr Mz ) uasoném aumicummerpwuiiit wus KOcOCHMMeTpHBIMH CHLIORKIMH akTOpaM. Mx Pue. 94 Hoxaxem teneps nonoxenne YY 2eoMempuuecku cunMempuunoil pastel 6 niocKocmu cumMempuu npu cuMMempuunoil BHeUHell HazpysKe pApaujaiomica @ HYXb KOCOCUMMEMpUYHbIe eHympennue cwloeuIe ibaxmopH, a npu KoCocUMMempuYHoil aneUHeil yaspyrke — cummempwineie cutoavie pbaxmops1 (pue.95) Kanouieckue yparienus meToxa cil 11a Hs06paxéuNoit Ha Puc. 3 pias CramueckH Heoupesesuusoii pant UMeIOT BHI, 54.Xy + Fy. X, + 5yqXq + A,(P) = 0, 5asXy + F2a%; + Oz,Xq + ,(P) = 0. 9) 5ayXq + barXy + SaaXz + Aa(P) = 0. a) Puce. 95 Ha puc. 96 mpumenenbt o1mops1 warHOAIOMLHX MOMELTTOR OT eHMIUEIIIIX CHI. Ha ocosaunn 91Hx amp 1ax0,HM: Eby =(51-)e-(1-2) E]bxz Gata (Ga-a)i+(5 a-a)t Ra ® a) 6) Puc. 96 : wo CrenoratensHo, KaHoHmeckne ypannenna (29) MpHAHMaroT BHI614X, + 52% +A,P) = 0, 5x.Xz + A;(P) = 0, (30) SasX, + Say Xq + A (P) = 0. Ha pyc. 23 mpyeenenst omopst MoMeHToR OT BHEMITHX cHMMeTpHIOi (puc.97, a) H KOcOcHMMeTpHHol (puc.97, 6) Harpy3ox. Bnepsom c: myaae cmumerpasno% Hemel arpy3KM HMeeM: EJA,(P) ty. s)a-(FPs-d)a=0. Pp P P Pp Pue. 97 Ws (30) cnenyer X2 = 0, re. mpm cHMMerpHSHoii BHeMIHeli Harpy3Ke OGpamiaetea B HY:Is KOCOCHMMeTpHIHDI cHslonoll ¢bakrop (mlepepesbinaromax cHIa), 410 H TpeGoBaNOCE LOKASAT., Bo BIopom cuysae KOCOCHMMCIPHYNO! BHELLNeH HarpysKH uMeeM: Ey, (P) = (Gre ») iG - ; ) - (Gr +») (i - 3) 0, 1 1 EJA,(P) = -(Gre -) 1 +(5P0-2) 0. Kanionmeckne yparnerms (30) npmimstaror Br (ex + 6yg%y = 0, SypXy + ba2ky = 0, a G2 Xq + A,(P) = 0. T.k. oupeeuumrens cHCTeMBI j1ByX HepBBIx ypasneniit (31) by 6, e lal é, ral 54369 — 53 # 0, 10x, = Xz = 0, «10 w apeGowatoce x0KaseD. PacemorpHM upyroli npumep. Boctiounsyenex CHMMEIpHelt paMbl Ha PHC. 98,0 H PAsIOXKUM BHELUMIOI HALpySky Ha CHMMeIpHUylO (pie 98,6) « KococHMMeTpHIHY!0 (He. 98,6). a 6. B ) ) a> ) 4a) a? = -Y Bl + pel pa ote ot. Pue. 98 Bo910M CHY4ae, HeCMOIPA Ha TO 4110 PMY PHXOMMICH PACCHNMBAD BAKE, BAGOP CCHOBHON CHCTEME noka3aHHOii Ha pHc. 99,¢ sacT SHAYMTCABHBH BEIMTPBILL B BBTHCACHHAX,i af. Puc. 99 Kanonmueckne yparnenns 6yayt: 6X, + 62%, + OX + 4, P) Gx,Xy + 522%, + bqXq + A2(P) = 0, Ga,Xy + 2Xq + daqXq + Og (P) = 0. Bo Bcex 1PeX eNMHMHNAIX COCIOAKIX UOCIPOHM sulopst MoMeHTOH (puc. 99, 6, 6, 2). is mix awe 2M0pEL (pic. 99, 6, 2) — cHMMeTpHUHBLe, a omHa (pC. 99, 6) — KOCOCHMMeTpHUHad, CHMMeTpHUHas (c) H KOCOCHMMETpHAHAR (kc) 2mOpbI BSAHMHO-OPTOFOMABIIBI H HX “HPOHSBesCHIMe” pABHO Hy:10: ostomy nekoropsie KoxhHUNEITH CHCTEMB KAIIOUNYECKHX YpaBiieHHit O6pauaiores B Uy.tb: Jz = Say = OM a 0, a cuctea KaHOHHYeCKHX ypaBHeHHii pacraqaetes Ha BE He3aBUCUMBIe CHCTEMEI: a) ash + by ky +p 0 jai %, + OaaXy + Aap= 0; Q) by%, + Op=0, Takum o6pa3om, mpH pacueTe cuMMeTpHIHO! paMel HeKoTOpHe KoappHIUeHT MOKHO He BEIUHCKAT, a pemrenme Goubioi CHCTEMBI KAHOMMECKHX ypaBHeHMii 3aMenvT pelltenvem j[ByxX cCHCTeM ypaBuersii sHauuresbHO MCHBLINX pasMepos. @) Pacuem na cummempuunyro nazpysKy ‘Tax kak sopa WsrHOaiomlHX MoMeHTOR IIpH jlelicTRHH CHMMeTpHUHOl! Harpy3KH TaKKE ABILIETCA CHMMeTpHIHOll (puc. 8.2 7), ona oproronatsHa KococuMMeTpwtHoi omope Mz, CrenoRatembHo, Azp= 0. HoxTomy, Kak cmepyer 13 ypasnenns (2), ¥7=0. Taku o6pasom, upy cumMerpyinoii Harpy3Ke KococHMMepIHad HewsBecTHas pasHa Hy:0, B TOM culyuae 3THopa HSTHGAIOIIUAX MoMeHTOR GysleT ctpoum.ca no Gopmyste Mo = Myx, + Max. + ME. Ona, Kak cyMMa cHMMerpiibx omop, Gyner cHMMerpHYHoi, Toraa omopa Q Gyzer KococHMMerpHIHOl, a suiopa N Gyzer cumsmexpuswoil 6) Pacuem na Kococummempuanyio nazpysKy B orom eaysiae omopa HarHGaouNX MomeHTOR KococHMMeTpHUHA (puC. 99,e) H opTOroHasaHa cHMMeTpHSHbIM omopam Mf, u Mz. Cnegosarensno, A,p= dzp=0, 4, Kak cueayer m3 cuctemsi ypasuennit (1), X7=X3 Takum oSpazoM, MpH KOCOCHMMeTpHTHOi HarpyzKe Rce CHMMeTPHIHBIe HeMsBecTHBIe paBHBT Hyso. Tlostomy smopa USTHGAHOULK MOMEHTOR CTpOHTes mo Gopmy=te M® = Myx, + ME. Torga ona w omopa N 6yayr KococumMerpisniimn, a omopa Q Syzer cumMenpHOtL Oxousarensuio Gyaer M=M°+M®,i pynnuposka Heu3zeecmHbIx Ecamm ups pacuere cHMMerpisinoii pant (pic. 100,a) euiGpana oGsriiag ocHopias cucTema (puc. 100,6), 1 ace koodppmImeHTE KAHOHINMeCKHX ypaBHeHdt 64K, + 62%, + Aye= 0, 824K, + bz.%; + Azp= 0; 6yayr oranwamen or nya a) 6) B) r) —— a) Puc. 100 Bean 2ke nenssecnubie rpynimposats no dpopmysiam X1=¥1] +¥2, X2-¥)-Y2, ‘ro coomeremyer ocHoRHOl cHeTeMe Ha pre.100,0, To eaMuuEBe omOpK (pue. 100,e, 9%) Gyayt oproronansubimn (Mf, @ A. Ou%, + dy= 0, O,¥2 + Ogp= 0. Kak BiWM, pH FpYnMHpoRKe HeMBecTHBIX OTeNbHBIE Kod>uuNEHM OGpamaorA B HYAb A Her HEOOKONAMOCTI' HX BBRINE-TeHHA. C pyroli CTOpOHBI, PACTIANeHHe CHCTEMBI KAHOHMYCCKHX YpaBHeHHi Ha Be HESABHCHMBIE CHCTEMBI ypaBHenHii yupomlaet mx penne, TosToMy rpylNHpOBKa HeMSBECTHEIX NOSBONAET CYILLeCTBCHHO YMCHBLIHTS OGBEM BBIUHC.ICHHiL. Tloaydermmte pesyssTatst MoryT Gorm pacrpoctpartens! Ha NpocTpanic TREHTHBIe CTEpATEBBIE CHCTEMEL. 0), u kanommeckue ypaBHeniia pacraayres Ha spa HesABHCHMBIX ypaBHeHH: Mampusan dbopma Memoda cun Tipu pysHoM cueTe ROSHMKAIOT CepbesHble RAMUMCHHTENSHKIe TPYAHOCTH YA MPH cTeneHH cTaMuecKoll HeonpenemMocTA TpH H BEMKe. KpoMe 700, RospacTaer ReposmocTs oMIMGOK Mp onpereTeHHH Tpy30BEIK H eTMHMIEBIX TlepeMemennii, pemleHMm cHCTeM KaHOHMMeckHX ypanHeHmii mT. C pasmimmem QBM mospitace BORMOXHOCT HEKOTOPHIE PYTANHDIE H TPOMOSKHE RBIMNCIMTENGHBIE ONepAILAH HepeNOXNT Ha 3HeKIPOHHIO MALLY. OnHako, pan onepamutii, camsaHHEI ¢ MOATOTORKOlt 3a7a4H, MpHXomUTCS pelllaTs BpysHytO. Pewb WleT 0 MocTpoeHt SUIOp TPY3OBEIX M CAUEMYEEIX HETHOAOULUX MOMeHTOB. UMCeHHbIe 3HAYCHNA FPYSOBBIX H CXMHHMIHBIX MOMEHTOB, :QIDHEI yiacTKOB, AKECTKOCTH 9/IEMEHTOB KOHCTPYKUMH MOXHO CHeUMANBHBIM OGpasom oGpaGoTaTs H saHecTM B mamas IBM. Bee waasnelimme pacsens IBM upouswoumr Ges ysacm venoweKa 10 cueumatsHo paspaGorannolt uporpamme. B pesyiibrate 9THx pacteTos 9BM BBULaeT Ha Meat HiKpopMalliio © pAcTipejleneHHH BUYTPEHHHX CHIOREIX (pakTOPOB. Cdopmynupyem MarpHsnylo Samick CHCTeMBI KaLlOMMNeCKHX ypaBnicuuii, JLna otro chopmupyest necKosBKO MaTPHIL, B HCO KOTOPHX BXOIT MaTpHTla-cTOTGCH “MMITHHK” HEMBRECTHBK, MATpHTIacTOAGLH, CROGOAHBIX "WICHOR, MaTp HUA ELUITAHDIX KO>>HUHEHTOR. Marpmna-cron6eu “imum” nensneeunix X, marpaua-cton6en caoGonumx suenos Am ManpHua emHIIX xoodduunmenros A uMeLor coomerciBeHHO BHASxn]. 32) Elves ee Marpiriniag 3amice eueTemat Tews cuctemal ypansicunii © y4eros (32) upunumaer Bi A-X+4=0. 3) Peuienne marpuutioro ypasuenma (33) oMOcHTeNKHO BeKTOpa “HMLIMHX” HeHSBECTHLIX MpHUUMaeT BH: X=-At-a, G4) TAE MaTpHIy CBOGOAHEIX WIeHOB MOXKHO OTIPELeTIT ¢ TOMONISIO MaTpHIHOTO YpaBHeHHA: b= -B- Mz. @s) 3jec B— Matprma nojatmmocn. [las j—ro oaeMenra cHCTeMBI MaqpiMma nloylaTciMmOCTH HMeeT BH 10 0 By = lo 4 of, (36) Flo 0 Marpany ennHnisix Koodo pHnneHTOR Halinem HS MaTpHSIHOTO ypaBHEHHA: A=M"-B i. @7) Cyserom (35) 1 (36) marprsaa bopwa cveTeMbi KaHOHINeCKHX ypaBHennit uMeeT BULL MTB OM+M"-B-M, =0. (338) Marpisuioe ypasiieune 2114 oupeaenenia CyMMapHbIx ISTHOAOUIUX MOMEHIDE SALMNCLIBACICA B RULE: My =M-X+M;. 9%) Cohopmynupyem nopsqok pemteHiix cTaTHYeckH HEOMpeMeMHMBIK CHCTEM METOOM CHT MATPHEHBIM MeTO;IOM: 1, PasGumaem ctameckn HeompenemmMyio cHeTeMy Ha yuacTkH (pHe.101), BEIGHpaeM ToMKY naGmoneTH, BBOAHM NOTOKMTEABHBIC H OTPHUATENbUBIC CTOPOHBI H MPOCTABSIIEM CAeBA HaNpaBo “XapakTepHBIe” CeYeHHA Ha KadKIOM yuacrke, @este © x (Touxa naGimo gerne) Puc.101, Moxroropxa satan x pemenno 2. Onpexensem crerenb cranteckoli HeonpesenHMocTH cHeTeMB, 3. BuiGupaem ocHoBHyto cHCTeMY. 4, Vso6paxaem oxsusanenmyo cuctemy. 5. Crpow smmopy rpy30BHx MoMeHTOR Mp, 6. FaoSpwkaem exmmmsniie coctosmma cHeTe! 7. Dopmupyen MarpuUy rpySoBKIX MOMEHTOB: bl H CIPOHM SMHOPKI EZWHHUHEIX MOMeHTOR M, =| Mea |, (40) ncaa roe k— aucno yactKon. 8, Dopmupyem MarpHUbl EAHHIAIX MoMenTOB: My My M=|%2 Ma |. cay Main Macaw 9. @opampyem Marprmy rlonatmmoctit B: B, 0 0 0 p=|9 % 9 0) (42) 0 0 0 & rae j-bili snemeHT Matpuunt nogamusocTH B, onpeensetea us Bbipawenns (36) 10. Beouust cchopmuposannsie Marpunet B onperencHHoi nocmeroBaremsHocM B Hams DBM. sexrpomnas ManIMia BEIMHCAeT 3HatCHHA BCeX “TMMMMHX” HeMBBCCTHBIX M CyYMMapHBIe HsrHOaromNe Moments M, wm nonepextrc cwin Q, B K&KOM W3 “XapakTepHBIX” CeueHHii H BBUIaeT Ha Tevath B BHe COOTRETCTRYHOIILMX BeKTOpOR. Ha reuaTBBIBOMMICA TAKKC BCA BBOHMAA HHQOPMallA. 11. Tlo nexropam M, # Q; crponm coomeretayromue cymmaputte SmopEt. 12, Meroxom eiipesanus ys10n cTpouM omopy mporomnemnx cnt Ny. OnpedeneHue nepemeuenuti 6 cmamuyecku HeonpedenumbIx cmepxHeebix cucmemax Korga Grima paccmorperta Teopis onpesteeNMA TepeMemteHnii, TO B KatecTRE MpHHATAX joMyMeHMit He Gsit0 HMKAKHX OFPaHAMeHHii Ha THN KOHCIPYKIMH ¢ TOIKH SpeHHA CraMEIeCKOH ONpENeTHMOCM, Torsa nosyseHHBIe hopMyst INA onpenenens Tepeemenns (Tomi HAM HenomHMt meTerpat Mopa) chparenmment HMA cTaTHMECKH HEOMIPEIEIHMEIX CTEPAHEBBIX CHCTEM. Overnmeniii nyt ompeyenenna mepeMemennit sakmovaeTes B TOM, TO Jin MpHMeHeHHa (popMys BRIMHC MEHTA llepeMeMtenHa HeOGXO;UMO jBAK/II PACKPHITS CTATMECKYIO HeoMpeNeNHMOcTs — Ha jelicTae 3ajlanHOii Harpy3KH 1 Ha eAMEMHOE BO3eFICTENE, MPHTOREHHO B CeMeHHe, NepeMellleHHe KOTOporo caemyer Haim. OueBnaHa H TpYTOeMKOCTS onpenenenua nepementeniit mpi peamusann TaKOTO HO;IxO7a. A culeaYer 1M HBO BTOPOM CHYHae, Te, IPH MPWLOKCHH eMEIMHON HarpySKH TAKE PACKPHIBATS CTATHHECKYIO ueoupenteitumoc ts? Tipy packpsima cramueckoli Heoupexenmumocm or xeiicmHt sauaNuolt HarpySKH MBL uepeuLu K OCHOELOI CHCTEME MeTONa CHI — CTAIMMECKH ONPEEHUMOM CHCTEME ¢ HAIOKCHHKIMM JONONMMTEIGKIN YCLOBHAMM B opMe KanOUMNcCKEX ypapuieuuii. Tlo cyiH, Mbl TepexOJMM K paclely CRAMMCCKH ONpEHeMMMOl CHTEMBI 10k elie THEM MSRECTHON BHEMNeH HArpYSKOH H MaivTeMMOIMN HS pemTeMAA KAHOTHMMECKHX ypaBnermit yersmmmn, Tora, BO BTOPOM COCTOMHH, Mbt BIPABE PACCMOIPET JHOGYIO CIAIMYECKH ONIPesEIMMYIO CHCTEMY, MOyYaeMYIO MS SajlaHHOH nyTEM MepeXomla K OCHORHOM cHCTeMe MeTOMa CHT. PasyMeeTes, WTO AIA BTOpOTO cocTORHMA (Harpy KeHMe enMEITTHOit Harpy3KOil) OCHOBHY!O CHCTEMY MeTOja CHLI CsIEYET BLIOHPATD TAKYKO, HTOGEI 91tOpa HSTHOAIOULUX MOMEHTOB C1POHLIACE Get NpOllte M HMeNa MUHHMANKHOE "IHCAO HEHYAEBKIX Y'HACTKOR ¢ Omopoll OT sajaHHOH! Harpy3KH OGoSuas, MoxkeM ymepAxTaTs, “110 AIH OMpeTeeMMA HepeMeteHHA B CTATIMECKH HeOMpexenUMoll cHCTEME JOCTATOAHO PACKPHTS CTAMMECKYIO HEOMpeseMMMOCTS Aa mOGoro cay4aa HarpyAKeHHa, HaNGomee MpocToro, a TaKHM JaHHO! Harpy3kU Pace MOTpPEM CTAMMECKH OIIPEHEAUMY!O CHCTEMY. AB/LACICA BIOPOE COCTOsHE, a OF Pacyem cmamuyecku HeompedesuMbIx nnockonpocmpaHcmeeHHbix cucmem memodom cus Npumep 11. J\na sanannoii mockonpoctpanc TRexHoii pani (puc.102) tpe6yerea: 1) packpam crammeckyio HeompezlenHMocTs, 2) noctpowts omops HSTHOAOUNUX M KPYTHEX MoMeHTOR, 3) oupexemums Koo uumenr saiaca 0 TEKYNeCTH, HCHOUKSYa TunOTesy oHeprist opMoUsMeHeHIEs. 240 MIla ; 6 = 2 wm, cesenme mpenctasnaet 4, Jaa pacsera npmnams: F = 1 KH; /= 0,4 ; G=0,4E, 2, coGoli roHKocTeHHetli samKuy7olli mpodits (puc. 103). Puc.102 Puc.103 Pewenue. TrockonpoctparicTRenHbIMnt Ha3bIBalOTeA CHCTEMBI, TLIOCKHe B TeOMCTPIMIeCKOM OTHOMIeHHM, Ho HarpyskerTBIe cHLTORSIMH (bakTOPAMH, TepTleHIKY.LRPHBIMH K TLIOCKOCTH pam OcoSenHocTmio TMX CHCTEM AB:LIETCA TO, TO BHYIPEHHMe CHLIORNIE GakTOpM RO RCeX HOHepeHBIX ceveHMTLAX PAMBI, JEKALIE B ILIOCKOCTH PaMB PABH HY.IO. Sayauas 1MIOCKoUpocIPaNcmeMLIaa PaMa WecTS pas CTAMMECKH HeoUpeLeAUMA Jina pemeuma sanaun paspexem pamy no ocu Kocoii cummerpum. B Mm cTe paspesa BOSHMKaer mecTSBHY IPCHHHX CHIIOBEIX Pak TOPOB: X]- nlonepewnas cHula, sterKalllas & REpTHKALIKHOH MUIOCKOCTH X)- nonepesnas cua, xelictayromas B ropHsoHTAMBHO! mIOCKOCMH (s1e:KHT B TLIOCKOC TH past!) X3- KpyDannit Momessr X4- mponos pHa CHa (EAH 8 IIOCKOCTH panel) X5- usruGarouysii Momenr, seticmyiounit 8 ropysoTanbiol IOcKoCT (eKHT B HLIOCKOCTH pail) X¢- uarnGaronuii Momenr, jelicmyiomi 8 BepmaKastesioit mocKocT. YroGni He 3aTeHAT pucyHOK, GakTopsl x4; XS M XG, AelicTRY!ONUE Ha TERY! MOAOBUMY paMBl, RBIHECTHE Ha OTCMBHYIO CXEMY. Ke x) By Pue.104 Pue.105 B coommeterenn c ocoGcHHoctaMH nocKonpocTpaxcTaeHHoli pant X7=0; X4=0; X5~0. CaeqonatenbHo, pacteTHas cxeMa MpHobpeTaer BHI: Puc.106 Jw nonyseHHolt pactemoii cXeMbI SamMchIBAeM CHCTEMY KAHOHHYECKHX YpaRHeHHii M cTpOHM. omOpH HSrHGAIOULAX Ht KPYDALLAX MOMCHIOB OF elie MBH BHEMNIEX HArpy3OK H youu: X}=1; X31 nm Xe=1 6X, + bak, + FieXy + Oue= 0, 55,X, + 5a3Xq + SagXq + Azp= 0, SerX, + Osa%y + Seeks + Der= 0. 2EL ORL 24 on Fi Fo 1 Meat ip agg Oe ae 1 FD EL 1 Mr My Pae.108 Onperensem Koop pummertt, Bxomsmme B cHcTeMy ypannenuii, Jl ux onperemenna HeobxomMo 3127. MOMCHTSI HHCPISIG SaxaHHOrO CoWHEA pH HSTHGe H EPYGCHIELMomerr nuepiust ups warH6e onpenesserex Kax: - SH (48 :) ae kay = —-(39+1) b= GGztD B ocramsusix cnyasx: p= BHeabi | _ BHT bh ener 12) ZaeeEe ia) Baume caywae: H=216; B-216. - 510)" 216 :) W519 6) = gars gt 7 6 25 T= 6 rds Momenr wuepuvai mip Kpy4eHHn onpenenmetca KaK 1, 4426 a rae Ag=(B-5)(H-5) — wromane cevenna 10 cepeaHHHOMy KoHTypy’ S=2[(B-5)+(H-6)] — aaa nepuwetpa cepeuore Kortypa. B name enysae: Ay = (205)? = 40067; 5 = 4-206 = 806 é I= 44005°F 8000 5*; roraa: I, = 1,296], ¥ 1,31, 6, =AGurd 4 atat-2.21).2 a Ey \2 at 3 iy a 1 td 2=2°(Z 2 ) 2-340) oe “"\gy* Gee.) ee 1 6 ) _2-2F Sq =p Gaal) 2 1 Gag = py, bd D2 +g et De= t af ; v7) =28 Er, * 0s2E1,) ~° EI, Sig = 54, =0 63g = Se, = 0 1 1 2 1 yea gy (—Fl-2-F Ga) 24 IF dd 2 = 2732 118 = —(-= Fj? + — FF?) =2(—— Fe = sft tanFt) 2Grrr) QF +2 1)2= ae OS Ele Ws nocuestHero ypaBHeHA CHCTEME! HOMy'aeM, IO X6 — HSrHGAIOUUMTA MOMeHT, ABINOULHTICA CHMMETPHUEEIM akropoM, Hp KOCOCHMMEIPHYHOM Harpy:KCHKH paMMt OKasaICH paBHBM 0. TakvM oGpasoM, AIA TWOcKONPocTpaHeTBeHEBIX PAM, KAK M JIA TWOCKEX pam cnpanesmBo cBolicTso CHMMETPHIK Ht KOCOHi CHMMeTpHH. Pemtaem cHCTeMy, COcTOAMIY!o HS ABYX TepBHX ypasHeHnii, coKparue sce KoxpummcHTs Ha oGmUTi mone (2/(Elx)). (6,851?x, + 21x, + 118F 1? =0 Tx, + 2,921%xq — 2FI2 = 0 Tlomysaem, 10 x= - 0,46F x, 8 Fl Crpoum amopsr n3rnbaronux MOMeHTOB OT HCTHHHBIX 3HaveHHit x] 1X3.FE Fy Puc.111 Crpoum cysaapante omops Har HOMOWNNX 1 KPYDINHX MoMeHTOR. 1,92FE OS4F J OS4FL ae T Pac.112 Pac.113 HanGosee onacsimn Gyayt cevenua B sagenke. Pacemompum cevenme 8 neBoii sayenke. Tx. 2Imopst HarHOAIONIHX MOMeITOR CTPOAICA Ha C>ATHIX BOsTOKHAX 10 Hits CeHeHHE GY JET HCHBIIMBATS HOPMALIbHbIe HAMIpOKEHA CAKATHA, a BEPX — PACTOKEHHA (CM. IKOPY) 2d, Mehr? Pue.114 a Me, yy He _ st746* Fema = yet Me 72 10,56 Myy=1,92F7=1,921+107-0,4-103=0,768+108 (Hom) 0,768 - 10° Gn = —G5gg = 163 (mma). Kacareubuibie WanpsoKeHHa U0 TOJULMHE CTEHKH HOCTOSIH! H OMHAKOBBI BO BEX TOMKAX CECH. T Wy, W, = 2496 = 2- 4005? - 6 = 800(2)? = 6400 (mm?) T=0,54F =0,54-1-103-0,4-109=0,216:106 (Ham), 2216-10" = 33.75 (Mn S400 = 33-75 (Ma) = 5886? = 588(2)? = 4704 (m*). t=OUPCACHACM IKBUBANCHIMbIC HalIpsDK CHAM, xq = Vo? +31? = 163)? + 3(33,75)* = 173 (MMa) Onpesenum xoxdepuunen sanaca no Texy4ee™ cy _ 2 nana 7 19 Mpumep 12. InockonpoctpaxcTaeHHaa paMa, WSTOTORTeHa m3 MIpyTka KBaspaTHoro mlorepesHoro ce4eHHa (4-20 MM), Harpy Kena TaK, Kak HOKasaHO Ha pucyuKe 115. Onpegeium aonycKaemyio Harpy3Ky, ecu Matepwan — ctaxs Cr3_ ( adm = 160 Mna) u xapaxtepussii pasmep Kone pyktusn / = 0,2 m. Pewenue. Tous onpenesemm xonycKaemoii narpysKn HeoSXomHMO MpoaiaMIsHpoRaTs HanpsKeHHIOe COCTORUMe MaTepHaLta KOHCTPYKUMH 8 HanGorlce HarpyAeHIOM ceeuuH, [loctpocHe oMop BHYTPEHHNX CHTOBKIX (pakTOpOR HeBOSMOAHO Ges PACKPHIIMA CTATHNECKOH MeoMpeNENMMocT. BajalIAN paMa TPH pasa cTaMMECKH neoMperemMMa. (B sanenke B BOSHINKACT 6 peaknMtt cRsscif, Ha orlope C— Re peakUM, Ha orlope J — ofa) ypABHEHHii cTATHKH B TpoctpareTBe — 6). Or6pachinaa “iMuHHe” eRASH, NOsTyHAeM csteNyrOMyIO OCHORHy!O cHETEMY (pHe.116) 31 2E Puc.116 Tipespauiaem ocosuyio cucTeMy B cHCTEMY, 9KBHBaTeHTHy!0 3aqaHHOl (pyc.117) M samMcbiBaeM cHCTeMy KaHONHMECKHX ypaBHeHnit MeTONA CHI. 31 Xi pq alah ttt tl 4, 4 2 df? Kg Puc.117 520¥y + Sa Xy + Sap¥e + Mae = raXy + 632%, + SaaXz + Dae’ Tua onpesenenna Koxphuuuenron, BxOASUUX B ITY CHeTEMY, CIPOUM OMOpI WITHOAIOMUX MoMeHTOB O1 BIICUIUHX HarpYSOK H CHL x}; XZ ; X35 paBlist 1 Tipu noctpoeuun rpy3oBoii 2mopsl Hcnomb3yem MeTon HesaBHCUMOCTH zelicTBHA cun (puc.118 H puc.119). fest + O.%, + bak + Oy30 32 a-l4 eb bed Puc.118 Pae.119 Smropsr HarHGAOMUEK MOMEHTOR OT ENHHHIHEIX Harpy3oK HMeIOT BINT (pic. 120): x=1 M,=1 2% 2t Puc.120 Onpexensem koodipuuriedtal CHCTEMB KAHOHHYeCKUX YpaBHeHit by = 1 (; 21-20 2 214 21-30 21) = 14.67 EB as Bp ge ag eH 232i) = eT - ( 13-31 21) = ud 2) Ey 6; 1 G 31-3t 2 3i) = - 2 By 23 EL 62. = 0 bag = 1 (¢ 21-2 2 2 1 31-3 2 3i) (21-31 2p = 3H ae ea E72 \2 havent ark? Been 3’ ANG7) 7 eekoeheeie Ej] JLaa knaxiparmoro cexenns le Iy=S jp = 0,141 -a* = 0,141-12-J, = 1+ jlaa eam G ® O4E Torga asl? ne r on = 357, * 04E-1.692), © A, =( 21+ 21+ gl? Ly ae EAD aydae A 1 ( 1 Ess 20gi* “Eye O4E- 1,692], Elz Nogcrapiaem iaiigicnubie sHasenns 8 CHCTEMY KaHONMUeCKUX ypaBneHnii cokpamiaem Ha O6tIMii MHoxHMTEMb FIX 14,6711?x,— 91? x, + qi4# = —91F x, + 918x2 — 4,5ql* 20,4l?x, — 37,7ql* =0 => x, = 1,28ql: x, = 1,12ql: xg = 0.62q1 HepecTpammacm ommopst OT ¢AMHIMEIX Harpy30K © YUCTOM Hafi(cHABIKX 3HaTCHHIT yoru x (puc.121), 3,36q1 3,84q1? Me My My, L2dak 2 ~ 2,56aF Puc.121 Hi c1poum cymMapuyto omopy wsru6aiouux Momentos (puc.122). 0,86q2" o,12eue 2A6qr* Yu, fe COy T My x x t ¥ Puc.123 M, =2,61gi7; My =0,12qi7; T = 0,56q/? HanGoxee onactimn Gynyt 1oKH 1 42, 8 KOTOPLIX BOSHMKAIOT HaNGombUNME HaNpsKCHEA. Touna 1 (pue.124)W, = 0,208? T _ 0,56qi? th pra Oa eg W, ~ 0,208a @ Tak kak THMoTe3a, TO KoTOpo! HeOGXOAHMO OMPCICINT oKBHBANICHTABIC HANpwKCHHA, He oTroBopeHa, NPHHWMaeM THTIOTesy HAHOONBITHX KACATETBHEIX HanpsKeHHi. cas = = ag i, + At = VILE + ALOY & 1 Towxa 2 (puc.125) of) On, | Sine Pue.125 Hanpsxenmoe cocTosmme muneiino. Toxtomy + Me My = a Ome = On, + On, = EE; WW, = ite + Oy i ty, Was 21616 0,129/6 gt @ oe + 13,68: a o oe Touka 1 Gouee onacha, nosToMy Wit onpesenenHa yonyeKacMoii Harpy3kH Heromsyem 743. Venous npounoeTy, 2 kaTb Ana pa3sBuTusa cata Cymma PR Ornpasute 00:01:1C__