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Mobile network Structure

Mobile network structure as show in GSM course

Transmission

We will explain how to transmit call from MS (Mobile station) to another from Transmission view

Transmission Method divided three steps

Core layer Access layer

Backhaul layer

From HUBMTX From Site (BTS)HUB (in

From MTXMTX
most cases HUB locate at
MTX refer to place where MSC & TE (Telecom Egypt
When MSC or GMSC need connect
BSC & RNC&GMSC Locate Exchange)
Transport method from Site to
Transport method from Site to Transport method from Site
HUB:
HUB: to HUB:
1. IP Network (MPLS)
1. Multiplexing technology 1. Fiber
Example of Nodes locates at MTX: (PDH System & SDH 2. Microwave (there
technology) are different
1. Routers 2. IP Network (MPLS vendors support
2. OSN or any device convert Network) Microwave
Packet data to POS (Packet
equipment like as
over SDH) to transfer over Example of Nodes locates at HUB
Ericsson-Huawei-
TE network that still use & MTX:
SIAE-NEC
SDH technology at
1. DXX 3. DSL technology
transport data
2. ADM
3. PTN & Tellabs 86xx

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Connection between BSC & MSC & GMSC and other nodes inside MTX connect between them by direct
cable back to back

If two nodes use different protocols we will use transport nodes and also connect by direct cable
ACCess layer

Inside HUB

TE Cloud
Backhaul layer

SDH Network

Inside MTX

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Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH): it is old transmission method & use standard frame

E1 European system (32 Ts with rate 2.048 Mb/S)

T1  American System (24 Ts with Rate 1.53 Mb/Sec)

J1 Japan System (24 Ts with Rate 1.53 Mb/Sec)

Note: PDH still transport method used over access layer

When you Multiplex four E1 get E2 & after Multiplex four E2 get E3 & Multiplex E3 get E4 as
maximum rate in this techniques with rate 139 Mb/Sec

SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy): new technology with Basic frame STM1 with Rate 155 Mb/Sec
we can get STM4 (four STM1) & STM16 (Four STM4) & STM64 (four STM16) with rate reach to 10
Gb/Sec

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) this technology use to Modulate/Demodulate signal over traditional
telephone line

There are different types from DSL (ADSL-HDSL) at Mobile network we use HDSL where download 7
Upload with the same rate

ATM (Synchronous Transfer Mode): new technology use to transfer data & Video & Voice by use
concept cell switching where ATM use cell 53 byte (5 for Header & 48 for data) and use VC (Virtual
Circuit) & VP (Virtual Path) as addressing to route cell inside ATM network

IMA (Inverse Multiplex Technology) this technology use to convert ATM cell into PDH frame to transfer
ATM cell over network use another transport technology

For example:

ATM use BW assign with Mb/Sec, so if you want BW 8 Mb/Sec for ATM cells & we use MW links use
E1 frame to transfer data we will use IMA

E1:1
IMA
E1:2 ATM use BW 8 Mb/Sec
E1:3

E1:4

MPLS (Multi protocol label Switching): its new technology use to transfer any transport technology
(E1 or FR or ATM) over packet switch network, MPLS actual transport method use now to transport data
at Backhaul network

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Access layer:

Most common technology used in this layer at Egypt MW links

Any MW links divided into two common parts:

1. ODU (Outdoor Units)

a. RAU (Radio Access Unit)
b. Horn antenna
c. Reflector
d. IF cable (Intermediate frequency cable) use to connect ODU & IDU (this cable Coaxial
cable)
2. IDU (indoor type): there are different types according to Vendor type
a. Ericsson: Mini link E – Traffic Node (TN) – Compact Node (CN) – High cap (HC)
b. Huawei: RTN (Radio Traffic Node)
c. SIAE : Access link compact (ALC PDH- ALC+2-ALC+2e)
d. NEC: Paso link – I Paso Link

Sites connect tin chain connection till reach to HUB MW then connect with Backhaul node with direct
cable

DSL: use DSLAM at HUB & Modem and we use Modem at site I will explain used of them in other part

Backhaul layer:

Use to multiplex all data come from different sites to transport them to MTX and there are different types
from Nodes use in this layer each of them according to transport technology used

1. DXX (Digital Drop Multiplexer): common vendor used in Egypt network Ericsson & use
Tellabs 81xx family. DXX use PDH transport technology and Maximum data transport E4
2. ADM (Add drop Multiplexer): also common vendor node used Ericsson & use Tellabs 64xx
family Nodes
3. Tellabs 86xx family new node from Ericsson use MPLS transport technology to transport data at
Backhaul layer (engineer at Egypt field called it BEP Node, where BEP is Backhaul evaluation
Project)
4. PTN (Packet Transport Node) 6900 series from Huawei use MPLS technology to transport
data

PTN & Tellabs 86xx connect with RNC (Ericsson) by direct ATM Ports

BSC (Ericsson) Connect with ADM then ADM Connect with PTN or Tellabs 86xx

BSCH & RNCH (Huawei) connect direct with PTN node

Ahmed Hussien Ali Gomaa Bebars Mobile: 01024614238